CN102854248A - Ultrasonic wave detection system of thin-sheet workpiece annular weld seam - Google Patents
Ultrasonic wave detection system of thin-sheet workpiece annular weld seam Download PDFInfo
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- CN102854248A CN102854248A CN2012103412377A CN201210341237A CN102854248A CN 102854248 A CN102854248 A CN 102854248A CN 2012103412377 A CN2012103412377 A CN 2012103412377A CN 201210341237 A CN201210341237 A CN 201210341237A CN 102854248 A CN102854248 A CN 102854248A
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Abstract
本发明为薄片工件环形焊缝的超声波检测系统，探头安装架的摆臂中部的回转销插在限位臂的纵向导向槽内，沿导向槽滑动调节摆臂前端位置，蝶形螺母紧固之。装于摆臂前端的导杆下端固接套装探头夹持器的转臂。探头夹持器包括插装探头的夹持套筒和套于转臂的滑动套筒，滑动套筒在转臂上的平移和转动调节探头位置和入射角。旋转工作台的旋转轴上端处于水箱内、固定带有定位凸沿的安装盘并配有定位环。超声波探伤卡具有4个超声工作通道、单通道采样频率100MHz。探头为高频窄脉冲水浸点聚焦探头。本发明工件装夹牢固、同心度高、装卸方便，探头定位精度高且稳定。可检测厚3mm的薄片工件上宽2mm的窄焊缝，可识别当量尺寸0.5mm以上的微小缺陷。
The present invention is an ultrasonic testing system for circular weld seams of sheet workpieces. The rotary pin in the middle of the swing arm of the probe mounting frame is inserted into the longitudinal guide groove of the limit arm, and the front end position of the swing arm is adjusted by sliding along the guide groove, and the butterfly nut is fastened. . The lower end of the guide rod mounted on the front end of the swing arm is fixedly connected to the rotating arm of the suit probe holder. The probe holder includes a clamping sleeve for inserting the probe and a sliding sleeve sleeved on the rotating arm, and the translation and rotation of the sliding sleeve on the rotating arm adjusts the position and incident angle of the probe. The upper end of the rotary shaft of the rotary table is in the water tank, and the mounting plate with the positioning convex edge is fixed and equipped with a positioning ring. The ultrasonic flaw detection card has 4 ultrasonic working channels, and the single channel sampling frequency is 100MHz. The probe is a high frequency narrow pulse water immersion point focusing probe. The invention has firm workpiece clamping, high concentricity, convenient loading and unloading, and high and stable probe positioning accuracy. It can detect a narrow weld seam with a width of 2mm on a thin workpiece with a thickness of 3mm, and can identify tiny defects with an equivalent size of 0.5mm or more.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrasonic detection technology, be specially a kind of ultrasonic wave detecting system of slice work-piece circular weld.
Background technology
UT (Ultrasonic Testing) is to belong to main a kind of in the Non-Destructive Testing.Can obtain the degree of depth of metal inside defective and the character of defective from position and the waveform of ultrasonic reflections ripple.At present, ultrasonic flaw detection is widely used in the quality testing of forging, foundry goods and weldment.
To allow the ultrasonic beam of ultrasonic probe scan whole workpiece or whole piece weld seam when using ultrasound examination.So need the rotary table of special clamping workpiece for the workpiece of circular weld, before testing begins, adjust the relative position of probe and measured workpiece, ultrasonic beam is focused in welded joints.Also need adjust head angle and gain, make the first interface ultrasonic echo amplitude reach requirement.The pulse signal that the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) card sends during detection is added on the ultrasonic probe, the ultrasound wave launched of probe incides on the tested workpiece by liquid medium (water) and at the tested position of workpiece internal communication, reflection through bottom interface or its interior defective produces echo.Meanwhile, synchronization control circuit control worktable drives measured workpiece and at the uniform velocity rotates, and the tested position of workpiece is steadily at the uniform velocity passed through under ultrasonic probe, and probe receives ultrasonic echo and passes the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) card back, analyzing defect type in computing machine.
Present ultrasonic testing system mostly is large-scale, medium-thick type parts such as detecting bar, steel pipe, gear, railway track and train wheel hub, the thickness of the part that detects is generally more than 8mm, accuracy of detection for workpiece is less demanding, as long as detect the defective greater than equivalent size 2mm.Owing to more easily distinguish at Ultrasonic Detection median surface ripple and end ripple at present, defect waves is easily identification also again, and frequency is that the ordinary ultrasonic probe of 2.5-5MHz all can be finished detection.
For the multiplex high energy beam welding of the slice work-pieces such as clutch driven disk for automobile, such as electron beam welding or laser bonding, because of workpiece thin (thickness only for 3mm), weld seam narrow (width is 2mm only) and require to detect tiny flaw greater than equivalent size 0.5mm, the plain clamp bearing accuracy is inadequate, and be prone to upper and lower interface reflection wave aliasing during ultrasound examination, interface echo and flaw echo are difficult to the phenomenons such as identification.Affect ultrasound wave to the accurate detection of slice work-piece high energy beam weld seam.
Therefore need a kind of ultrasonic wave detecting system that is suitable for the slice work-piece circular weld of high energy beam welding of development, the registration of its probe and circular weld, ultrasound wave incident angle accurate stable, the installation easy to loading and unloading of slice work-piece to be measured is stable, the rotation concentricity is high, to finish the online ultrasound examination of the slice work-piece circular welds such as clutch driven disk for automobile.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to design a kind of ultrasonic wave detecting system of slice work-piece circular weld, comprise computing machine, UT (Ultrasonic Testing) card, ultrasonic probe, also have probe mounting frame, rotary table and water tank.Probe clamper can be implemented in translation and the 360 degree rotations on X-axis and the Y direction, convenient probe positions and the angle of regulating on the probe mounting frame; Rotary table realize to workpiece clamping, feel relieved and rotatablely move.Thereby can guarantee the ultrasound examination reliable and stable to the thin slice circular weld.
The ultrasonic wave detecting system of the slice work-piece circular weld of the present invention's design comprises computing machine, UT (Ultrasonic Testing) card, ultrasonic probe, also has probe mounting frame, rotary table and water tank; Computing machine connects UT (Ultrasonic Testing) card and synchronization control circuit, UT (Ultrasonic Testing) links and connects probe, send the echoed signal that ultrasonic pulse and receiving transducer obtain to popping one's head in, synchronization control circuit then connects the motor circuit of controlling rotary table, and probe is installed on the probe clamper on the probe mounting frame.Rotary table is installed in the water tank.
Probe mounting frame of the present invention comprises swing arm, position limit arm, guide rod, pivoted arm and probe clamper.One end of swing arm and position limit arm is articulated in respectively water tank one side, the front end of swing arm and position limit arm stretches in the water tank end face, have on the position limit arm along arm gathering sill longitudinally, the swing arm middle part is fixed with fulcrum post, and the fulcrum post of swing arm is inserted in the gathering sill of position limit arm, and fulcrum post slides along gathering sill, can regulate the swing arm front end in the position of water tank end face, there is wing nut fulcrum post upper end, and fastening wing nut is the relative position of swing arm and position limit arm fixedly, and the swing arm front end is located.The guide rod upper end is inserted in the guide rod hole of swing arm front end, affixed 1 or 2 pivoted arm of lower end of the guide rod, 1 or 2 probe clamper of suit on the every pivoted arm.
Described probe clamper comprises gripper sleeve and sliding sleeve, and the xsect of two sleeves is mutually vertical, and the probe trip bolt of static probe is arranged on the barrel of gripper sleeve, and probe trip bolt screw-in holding out against probe and fixing it behind the probe insertion gripper sleeve.Sliding sleeve cooperates with pivoted arm, sliding sleeve is along the distance at sliding adjustable probe clamper and center, the circular weld that adapts to different-diameter, sliding sleeve rotates around pivoted arm, the angle of adjustable holding sleeve centerline and pedal line, thus the ultrasonic beam that the adjusting probe sends is in the incident angle of workpiece for measurement face of weld.The fixedly clamper trip bolt of the relative position of sliding sleeve and pivoted arm is arranged on the barrel of sliding sleeve, after the sliding sleeve position adjustments, the clamper trip bolt screw in hold out against pivoted arm, fixedly sliding sleeve is in pivoted arm.Also be fixed with cover at the gripper sleeve outer wall and be buckled in fender bracket below the probe, fender bracket is the net system, collision probe when avoiding work-handling.
Rotary table of the present invention comprises turning axle, mounting disc and motor, and the turning axle lower end is connected with motor at the bottom of passing rotationally water tank, seals between at the bottom of turning axle and the water tank, and motor is installed on side under the water tank.The turning axle upper end is in the water tank, the fixed installation dish.Convex edge with the concentric projection of turning axle is arranged in the mounting disc, and convex is along being annular protrusion, and internal diameter is greater than the center pit aperture of mounting disc.
Workpiece for measurement location for the ease of different size, the convex of mounting disc is equal to or less than the internal diameter of workpiece for measurement along external diameter, and is furnished with the locating ring of a plurality of different sizes, the internal diameter of locating ring equates along external diameter with the convex of mounting disc, each locating ring external diameter equates with certain workpiece for measurement internal diameter, selects to install corresponding locating ring according to workpiece for measurement, and locating ring is loaded in the mounting disc, is enclosed within outside the convex edge, workpiece for measurement is sleeved on locating ring, and its center keeps coaxial with the worktable rotary axle.
Rotate with mounting disc in order further to stablize workpiece for measurement and to make it, mounting disc also is furnished with 2～6 depression bars, each depression bar comprises orthogonal montant and cross bar, the convex of the mounting disc that its montant is parallel with turning axle, pass the locating ring that is positioned at positioning disk along strut kong, spring housing is between nut and mounting disc on the montant below the mounting disc, in the montant bottom.The cross bar on depression bar top is above mounting disc, and the cross bar front end has downward projection, and the tension force of spring makes that depression bar moves down, the projection of cross bar front end is pressed on the workpiece for measurement.Regulate the nut adjustable springs tension force of montant bottom.Depression bar is pressed on workpiece for measurement in the mounting disc.
Resolution, sensitivity and the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of native system in order to improve ultrasound examination, used UT (Ultrasonic Testing) card are the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) card with 4 ultrasonic service aisles, single channel sample frequency 100MHz.In order to be fit to the identification tiny flaw, to improve resolution and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and adapt to automatically and detect, used probe is high-frequency narrow-pulse water logging point focusing probe, its frequency is 10MHz～15MHz, wafer diameter 5～10mm, focal length 20～35mm, and to have echo shape unimodality, pulse width be 70ns～150ns and relative bandwidth greater than 50% frequency characteristic.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the ultrasonic wave detecting system of slice work-piece circular weld of the present invention is: 1, in the mounting disc of its rotary table positioning disk and depression bar are arranged, slice work-piece clamping to be measured is firm, high with the turning axle concentricity, good stability, the vibration little, and clamping, convenient disassembly are applicable to the online ultrasound examination of the slice work-piece circular weld of the high energy beam welding such as electron beam or laser beam; 2, the swing arm of probe mounting frame and position limit arm are realized turning round and are located, and swing arm adjusting orientation angle precision can reach 0.1 degree, and the fixing locked swing arm of wing nut and position limit arm are with the stable of location of popping one's head in the assurance detection; 3, the mounting disc of rotary table and workpiece are in the water tank, adopt immersion method to carry out Ultrasonic Detection, and probe does not directly contact with workpiece in couplant water, hyperacoustic emission is more stable with reception, it is not easy to wear to pop one's head in, and the life-span is long, easily is automated online detection; 4, adopt high-frequency wideband burst pulse water immersion focusing probe, can detect thickness and only be the bead weld of 2mm only of width on the slice work-piece of 3mm, resolution and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) are high, can identify the tiny flaw of equivalent size 0.5mm; 5, the motor operation of computer controlled ultrasonic flaw detection card and rotary table gathers synchronous requirement to satisfy, and response is fast, precision is high; 6, the positional information of the ultrasound examination defective visual software of the computing machine weld defect that can respectively different gates be detected is presented on the computer screen in real time, re-use defects in ultrasonic testing intellectual analysis software and determine the character of defective according to the flaw echo data, and testing result can be exported in real time demonstration of display screen or at other output facility, finishes online detection; 7, entire system compact conformation, volume are little, and motor, speed reduction unit and other gearings all place the water tank bottom, and overall appearance is strong.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be this slice work-piece circular weld ultrasonic wave detecting system embodiment installation the water tank vertical view of rotary table and probe mounting frame;
Fig. 2 be this slice work-piece circular weld ultrasonic wave detecting system embodiment installation the water tank side view of rotary table and probe mounting frame;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of probe mounting frame among Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the side view of probe mounting frame among Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is the enlarged diagram of the probe clamper of probe mounting frame among Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is rotary table side view among Fig. 1;
Fig. 7 is rotary table vertical view among Fig. 1;
Fig. 8 is the control circuit block diagram of the ultrasonic wave detecting system embodiment of this slice work-piece circular weld.
The figure internal label is: 1, water tank, 11, at the bottom of the water tank, 2, probe mounting frame, 21, swing arm; 22, wing nut, 23, position limit arm, 24, pivoted arm, 25, fender bracket; 26, probe clamper, 261, the clamper trip bolt, 262, sliding sleeve, 263, the probe trip bolt; 264, gripper sleeve, 27, guide rod, 3, rotary table, 31, mounting disc; 311, convex edge, 32, turning axle, 33, depression bar, 34, locating ring; 35, workpiece, 4, frame, 5, water valve.
Embodiment
The ultrasonic wave detecting system embodiment of this slice work-piece circular weld comprises computing machine, UT (Ultrasonic Testing) card, ultrasonic probe, also has probe mounting frame, rotary table and water tank; Computing machine connects UT (Ultrasonic Testing) card and synchronization control circuit as shown in Figure 8, UT (Ultrasonic Testing) links and connects probe, send the echoed signal that ultrasonic pulse and receiving transducer obtain to popping one's head in, synchronization control circuit then connects the motor circuit of controlling rotary table, and probe is installed on the probe clamper on the probe mounting frame.Rotary table is installed in the water tank.
Water tank 1 structural drawing that this example has been installed rotary table 3 and probe mounting frame 2 as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2.Water tank 1 is installed on the frame 4.
These routine probe mounting frame 2 structures comprise swing arm 21, position limit arm 23, guide rod 27, pivoted arm 24 and probe clamper 26 shown in Fig. 1 to 5.One end of swing arm 21 and position limit arm 23 is articulated in respectively water tank 1 one sides, the front end of swing arm 21 and position limit arm 23 stretches in water tank 1 end face, have on the position limit arm 23 along arm gathering sill longitudinally, swing arm 21 middle parts are fixed with fulcrum post, the fulcrum post of swing arm 21 is inserted in the gathering sill of position limit arm 23, and fulcrum post slides along gathering sill, regulates the swing arm front end in the position of water tank end face, there is wing nut 22 fulcrum post upper end, and fastening wing nut 22 is the relative position of swing arm 21 and position limit arm 23 fixedly.Guide rod 27 upper ends are inserted in the guide rod hole of swing arm 21 front ends, affixed 2 pivoted arms 24 in guide rod 27 lower ends, and probe clamper 26 is set in pivoted arm 24.11 have osculum at the bottom of the water tank, and valve 5 is installed on it, are convenient to discharge water.
This routine probe clamper 26 comprises that the xsect of gripper sleeve 264 and 262, two sleeves of sliding sleeve is mutually vertical as shown in Figure 5, and probe trip bolt 263 is arranged on the barrel of gripper sleeve 264, in order to fixedly to be inserted in the probe in the gripper sleeve 264.Sliding sleeve 262 cooperates with pivoted arm 24, sliding sleeve 262 slides along pivoted arm 24, the circular weld of probe clamper 26 and the different adaptation different-diameters of distance at center, every pivoted arm of this example is installed 1 probe clamper 26, such as the probe clamper 26 that the probe clamper 26 on the left of among Fig. 4 represents for the small diameter circular weld, probe clamper 26 expressions in left side are used for the probe clamper 26 of larger diameter circular weld.Sliding sleeve 262 rotates around pivoted arm 24, i.e. the angle of adjustable clamp holding sleeve 264 center lines and pedal line, thus regulate the ultrasonic beam the sent incident angle at the workpiece for measurement face of weld of popping one's head in.Clamper trip bolt 261 on the barrel of sliding sleeve 262 is used for the fixedly relative position of sliding sleeve 262 and pivoted arm 24.Also be fixed with cover at gripper sleeve 264 outer walls and be buckled in fender bracket 25 below the probe, fender bracket 25 usefulness stainless steel wires are made, collision probe when avoiding work-handling.
This routine rotary table 3 as shown in Figure 6, comprise turning axle 32, mounting disc 31, depression bar 33 and motor, turning axle 32 lower ends are passed rotationally at the bottom of the water tank 11 and are connected with motor, sealing between 11 at the bottom of turning axle 32 and the water tank, and motor is installed at the bottom of the water tank on 11 times methods, racks 4.Turning axle 32 upper ends are in the water tank 1, fixed installation dish 31.Convex with the concentric projection of turning axle is arranged along 331 in the mounting disc 31, convex is along 331 being annular protrusion, and internal diameter is greater than the center pit aperture of mounting disc 31.The convex of mounting disc 31 is along the internal diameter of 331 external diameters less than workpiece for measurement 35, for the workpiece that is fit to the installation different size is felt relieved rapidly, the locating ring 34 of being furnished with a plurality of different sizes, the internal diameter of locating ring 34 equates along 331 external diameters with the convex of mounting disc 31, each locating ring 34 external diameter equates with certain workpiece for measurement 35 internal diameters, select to install corresponding locating ring 34 according to workpiece for measurement 35, locating ring 34 is loaded in the mounting disc 31, is enclosed within convex outside 331, and workpiece for measurement 35 is sleeved on the locating ring 34 and by depression bar 33 and is pressed in the mounting disc 31.
This example has three equally distributed depression bars 33 in mounting disc 31, each depression bar 33 comprises orthogonal montant and cross bar, its montant and turning axle be 32 parallel, pass be positioned at mounting disc 31 convex along the strut kong in 331 the mounting disc 31, spring housing is between nut and mounting disc 31 on the montant below the mounting disc 31, in the montant bottom.The cross bar on depression bar 33 tops is above mounting disc 31, and the cross bar front end has downward projection, and the tension force of spring is pressed on the workpiece for measurement projection of cross bar front end.
This routine used UT (Ultrasonic Testing) card is the UT (Ultrasonic Testing) card with 4 ultrasonic service aisles, single channel sample frequency 100MHz.
This routine used probe is high-frequency wideband burst pulse water immersion focusing probe, table 1 has been listed the major parameter index of this routine used A or B probe and frequency characteristic test result, and (EN12668-2:2001 " sign of Non-Destructive Testing-supersonic inspection device and checking-probe " that promulgates with European standard association is as testing standard, and test in conjunction with other international standard), also the parameter of ordinary ultrasonic probe C is listed as a comparison in the table 1.
Table 1 ultrasonic probe major parameter and test result complete list
| Sensor 's number | A | B | C |
| Wafer diameter (mm) | 6 | 6 | 14 |
| Focal length (mm) | 30 | 30 | 20 |
| The probe form | Water immersion focusing | Water immersion focusing | Water immersion focusing |
| Focus version | Point focusing | Point focusing | Point focusing |
| Bandwidth | Wideband-short pulse | Wideband-short pulse | Broad pulse |
| Pulse width (ns) | 76 | 148 | 692 |
| Low side frequency (MHz) | 5.54 | 8.51 | 4.32 |
| High-end frequency (MHz) | 18.58 | 15.12 | 5.53 |
| Centre frequency (MHz) | 12.01 | 11.82 | 4.92 |
| Nominal frequency (MHz) | 15 | 10 | 5 |
| Relative bandwidth | 109.35% | 55.94% | 24.49% |
| Sensitivity (dB) | -55.04 | -34.58 | -51.94 |
The echo shape of the probe of this example presents unimodality as shown in Table 1; The pulse width of probe A, B only has 76ns and 148ns much smaller than the pulse width 692ns of ordinary ultrasonic probe C; And relative bandwidth has 109.35% and 55.94%, far is wider than 24.49% of ordinary ultrasonic probe C relative bandwidth; The probe that possesses this characteristic more is conducive to distinguish interface echo and flaw echo, has effectively improved resolution, sensitivity and the noise of this ultrasonic testing system, can show outstanding flaw detection resolution and the reproduction of data in detection.
Owing to the clutch plate thin thickness, the easy aliasing of interface echo and flaw echo is so that defective is difficult to identification in reality detects.In order to improve range resolution, the duration of ultrasonic pulse should be more short better, and the pulse width of oscillography screen display should be less than the path difference of two defectives at the oscillography screen, and obviously the range resolution of high-frequency narrow-pulse probe is higher.
The ultrasonic pulse frequency of probe emission is not single, but has certain bandwidth.By Fourier analysis as can be known, the harmonic wave that pulse is equivalent to unlimited a plurality of different frequency, infinite duration was formed by stacking within the duration of pulse, and cancelled each other out outside the duration, and the duration of pulse is shorter, and the harmonic frequency that comprises is wider.The different frequency harmonic wave that burst pulse comprises has the acoustic pressure regularity of distribution on oneself near field, far field and the axis, when the acoustic pressure of different frequency harmonic wave superposes in the near field region, peak-to-valley value is cancelled out each other, so that the Sheng Ya – distance Curve of near field region is smooth-out, is very beneficial for the detection of near field region.In actual the detection, the detection of burst pulse probe is all carried out in the near field region, can effectively reduce the blind area, improve resolving power.And each harmonic wave in the flaw echo changes and will cause the variation of frequency spectrum, thereby the information of more judgement defect size, orientation and character is provided.So from the frequency characteristic of probe as can be known high-frequency narrow-pulse probe be more suitable for thin slice annular high energy beam weld defect (the electron beam weld defects detection of clutch plate) and detect.
Special-purpose high-frequency narrow-pulse probe is applied in the actual detection of slice work-piece annular high energy beam weld defect (clutch driven plate), testing result shows that the high-frequency narrow-pulse probe can effectively detect equivalent size and be about 0.4mm and the above tiny flaw of 0.5mm, satisfies testing requirement.And ordinary ultrasonic probe upper and lower interface reflection wave aliasing occurs when detecting, and interface echo and flaw echo are difficult to the phenomenons such as identification, and only can detect equivalent size is the above open defect of 1.5mm.Obvious high-frequency narrow-pulse probe performance of the present invention is good, and it is strong to detect the tiny flaw ability, is more suitable in the ultrasonic automatic detection of slice work-piece annular high energy beam weld seam.
Above-described embodiment only is the specific case that purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described, and the present invention is defined in this.All any modifications of within scope of disclosure of the present invention, making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all be included within protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN114813954A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-07-29 | 广东汕头超声电子股份有限公司 | Full-automatic wheel hub welding seam phased array detecting system |
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