CN102844264B - 热化学过程的诱导及相关系统和方法 - Google Patents
热化学过程的诱导及相关系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及热化学过程的诱导及相关的系统和方法。根据特定实施方案的方法包括在反应器中设置第一和第二基底,各基底具有彼此面对的表面。方法可进一步包括将前体气体导入反应器并激活接近基底的相对表面的感应线圈以解离前体气体。将前体气体的成分沉积在第一和第二表面上,且由每个表面和/或沉积在该表面上的成分辐射的热在另一表面和/或沉积在另一表面上的成分处被接收。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2010年2月13日提交的待审美国临时申请61/304,403的优先权。本申请也是2010年8月16日提交的标题为“GASHYDRATECONVERSIONSYSTEMFORHARVESTINGHYDROCARBONHYDRATEDEPOSITS”的第12/857,228号美国专利申请的部分继续申请,而该申请要求2010年2月13日提交的标题为“FULLSPECTRUMENERGYANDRESOURCEINDEPENDENCE”的第61/304,403号美国临时申请的优先权和权益。第12/857,228号美国专利申请是以下各申请的部分继续申请:2010年2月17日提交的标题为“ELECTROLYTICCELLANDMETHODOFUSETHEREOF”的第12/707,651号美国专利申请;2010年2月17日提交的标题为“ELECTROLYTICCELLANDMETHODOFUSETHEREOF”的第PCT/US10/24497号PCT申请;2010年2月17日提交的标题为“APPARATUSANDMETHODFORCONTROLLINGNUCLEATIONDURINGELECTROLYSIS”的第12/707,653号美国专利申请;2010年2月17日提交的标题为“APPARATUSANDMETHODFORCONTROLLINGNUCLEATIONDURINGELECTROLYSIS”的第PCT/US10/24498号PCT申请;2010年2月17日提交的标题为“APPARATUSANDMETHODFORGASCAPTUREDURINGELECTROLYSIS”的第12/707,656号美国专利申请;和2010年2月17日提交的标题为“APPARATUSANDMETHODFORCONTROLLINGNUCLEATIONDURINGELECTROLYSIS”的第PCT/US10/24499号PCT申请;上述每个要求以下申请的优先权及权益:2009年2月17日提交的标题为“FULLSPECTRUMENERGY”的第61/153,253号美国临时专利申请;2009年8月27日提交的标题为“ELECTROLYZERANDENERGYINDEPENDENCETECHNOLOGIES”的第61/237,476号美国临时专利申请;2010年2月13日提交的标题为“FULLSPECTRUMENERGYANDRESOURCEINDEPENDENCE”的第61/304,403号美国临时申请。这些申请中的每一个以引用的方式全文并入。在以引用的方式并入本文的前述申请和/或任何其它材料的范围内与本文公开的内容有冲突的情况下,以本文中的公开内容为准。
技术领域
本技术通常涉及热化学过程的诱导及相关的系统和方法。在特定的实施方案中,诱导技术可用于将烃解离成氢和碳,碳沉积在基底上形成有用的耐久品,氢则被移出用作燃料。
背景技术
诸如太阳能、风能、波能、瀑布能和基于生物质的能源的可再生能源有作为重要能源的巨大潜力,但目前存在多种问题使之得不到广泛的采用。例如,在电力生产中使用可再生能源取决于能源的可利用性,所述能源可能是间歇性的。太阳能受限于太阳的可利用性(即,仅能利用白天),风能受限于风的变化性,瀑布能受限于干旱,而生物质能受限于季节性差异,等等。由于这些及其它因素的结果,无论是获取的还是未获取的可再生能源中的大部分能量往往都被浪费掉。
对于世界上的许多地区来说,与获取能量及节能相关的前述低效限制了可再生能源的增长,使之难以提供可行的能量,因为它们往往会导致高产能成本。因此,世界上仍然依赖石油及其它化石燃料作为主要能源,这至少部分是因为政府补贴及其它支持与化石燃料相关的技术开发的项目使得使用这种燃料貌似方便和看似便宜。同时,消耗资源的更新成本及环境恶化、健康影响和化石燃料使用的其它副产品的成本还没有包括在由这些燃料产生的能量的购买价格中。
鉴于目前与可持续地生产可再生能源相关的前述及其它缺点,现仍然需要提高用这种能源生产产品和燃料的效率及商业可行性。
附图说明
图1是根据本文公开的技术的实施方案具有反应器的系统的部分示意图,所述反应器带有相对的基底,用于以间歇的模式运行。
图2是根据本文公开的技术的另一实施方案具有反应器的系统的部分示意图,所述反应器带有相对的基底,被构造成以连续的方式运行。
发明详述
1.概述
下面描述在化学反应器中对成分进行诱导处理的设备、系统和方法的若干实施例。这种过程及相关的反应器可用于生产氢燃料和/或其它有用的终端产品。因此,反应器可生产清洁燃烧的燃料,并且可以改变碳和/或其它成分的用途以用于耐久品,包括聚合物和碳复合材料。虽然下面的描述按足以使相关领域技术人员能够实施、制造和使用的方式提供了以下实施例的许多具体的细节,但下面描述的若干细节和优点对实施某些技术实施例来说可能不是必需的。此外,该技术可包括在权利要求范围内但未在本文中详细描述的其它实施例。
本说明书通篇中提到的“一个实施例”、“实施例”、“一个实施方案”或“实施方案”意指结合该实施例描述的特定的特点、结构、过程或特征包括在本技术的至少一个实施例中。因此,在本说明书通篇的不同位置出现的用语“在一个实施例中”、“在实施例中”、“一个实施方案”或“实施方案”并不一定都指同一实施例。此外,特定的特点、结构、程序、步骤或特征在一个或多个技术实施例中可以按任意合适的方式结合。本文中提供的标题仅为方便起见,并不旨在限制或解释请求保护的技术的范围或含义。
下文描述的技术的某些实施方案可采取计算机可执行指令的形式,包括由可编程计算机或控制器执行的程序。相关领域技术人员会意识到,该技术可以在下文所示和描述以外的计算机或控制器系统上实施。该技术可以在专用计算机、控制器或数据处理器上具体实施,这些专用计算机、控制器或数据处理器经具体地编程、配置或构造以完成下文描述的一项或多项计算机可执行指令。因此,本文中一般使用的术语“计算机”和“控制器”是指任何数据处理器,可以包括互联网设备、手持设备、多处理器系统、可编程的消费类电子产品、网络计算机、微型计算机等。该技术也可在分布式环境中实施,其中由通过通信网络连接的远程处理设备执行任务或模块。下文描述的技术方面可存储或分布在计算机可读介质上,包括磁性或光学可读的或可移动的计算机磁盘以及以电子方式分布在网络上的介质。在特定的实施方案中,该技术方面所特有的数据结构和数据的传输也包括在本技术的范围内。本技术包括对执行特定步骤的计算机可读介质进行编程以及执行步骤的方法。
按特定的实施方案形成材料的方法包括在反应器中设置第一基底,第一基底具有暴露的第一表面。所述方法可进一步包括在反应器中设置第二基底,第二基底具有面向第一表面的暴露的第二表面。将前体气体导入反应器,并通过激活感应线圈进行解离。所述方法进一步包括将前体气体的成分沉积在第一和第二表面上。所述方法还可进一步包括在第二表面和/或沉积在第二表面上的成分处接收由第一表面和/或沉积在第一表面上的成分辐射的热。由第二表面和/或沉积在第二表面上的成分辐射的热在第一表面和/或沉积在第一表面上的成分处被接收。此配置可节省通过当形成第二产品时在第二产品处接收当形成第一产品时由第一产品辐射的能量实施所述过程所需的能量。
根据特定技术实施方案的反应器包括具有反应区的反应器容器、围绕反应区布置的感应线圈和以流体连通的方式与反应区连接的反应物供给装置。反应器进一步包括接近反应区布置以支承第一基底的第一基底支承件和接近反应区布置以支承第二基底的第二基底支承件,后者的取向面向第一基底支承件。因此,反应器可促进沉积过程,其中由一个支承件所带的产品发出的辐射被另一支承件所带的产品接收。
2.代表性反应器及相关的方法
图1是具有按本文公开的技术实施方案构造的反应器110的系统100的部分示意性局部截面图。在此实施方案的一个方面中,反应器110包括具有由感应线圈120加热的反应或感应区123的反应器容器111。感应线圈120可以是耦合到合适电源121的液冷式高频交流线圈。反应器容器111可进一步包括连接到前体气源101以接收合适的前体气体的入口112和布置为从容器111中移出废气和/或其它成分的出口113。在特定的实施方案中,前体气源101载有烃气体(例如甲烷),其在感应区123解离成碳和氢。然后碳沉积在基底上形成产品,如下文进一步描述的那样,氢和/或其它成分被移出以进行进一步的处理,也如下文进一步描述的那样。
反应容器111容纳具有第一支承表面115a的第一支承件114a和具有面向第一支承表面115a的第二支承表面115b的第二支承件114b。支承件114a、114b每个可带有其上沉积前体气体的一种或多种成分的基底。例如,第一支承件114a可带有第一基底130a,第二支承件114b可带有第二基底130b。在选择前体气体以沉积碳的代表性实施方案中,第一和第二物质130a、130b也可以包括碳,例如形式为石墨或钢的成分。当前体气体包括不同的沉积元素(例如氮和/或硼)时,第一和第二基底130a、130b的组成可以不同。基底130a、130b每个可具有初始的暴露表面,它们彼此面对着。因此,第一基底130a可具有暴露的第一表面131a,其面向第二基底130b的第二暴露表面131b。可以将基底130a、130b每个的剩余表面隔热以防止或在很大程度上限制自这些表面的辐射损失。支承件114a、114b可以将基底130a、130b每个的至少一个表面隔热。可以由相应的隔热体132保护另外的表面(除了暴露的第一和第二基底131a、131b)。隔热体132可由合适的高温陶瓷或其它材料形成。
系统100可进一步包括控制器190,其接收来自各种传感器、转换器和/或系统100的其它元件任一者的输入信号191,并响应自这些元件收到的信息发送控制信号192以调整系统100的运行参数。这些参数可以包括对反应器容器111提供气体成分和/或从反应器容器111中移出气体成分的压力和流速、感应线圈120和相关电源121的操作及分离器103的操作(下文描述)等等。
在操作中,前体气源101对感应区123供气,激活感应线圈120,前体气体解离成沉积到第一和第二基底130a、130b上面的至少一种成分(例如,碳)。可以在外延过程中沉积该成分,该过程保持相应基底130a、130b的晶粒取向。因此,沉积的成分也可具有晶体和/或其它自组织结构。随着成分的沉积,其在第一基底130a处形成第一成形结构或产品140a,并在第二基底130b处形成第二成形结构或产品140b。第一和第二成形结构140a、140b每个具有相应的暴露表面141a、141b,它们彼此面对。结构140a、140b可以具有相同或不同的截面形状和/或面积,和/或可以具有非晶、单晶或多晶组织,这取决于选定的实施方案。由第一基底130a的第一暴露表面131a和/或由第一成形结构140a的第一暴露表面141a发出的辐射(总体以箭头R1表示)在第二成形结构140b的第二暴露表面141b和/或第二基底130b的第二暴露表面131b处被接收。类似地,由第二成形结构140b的第二暴露表面141b和/或第二基底130b的第二暴露表面131b发出的辐射(总体以箭头R2表示)在第一成形结构140a和/或第一基底130a处被接收。
随着成形结构140a、140b的增长,出口113提供使来自解离的前体气体的残留成分和/或未解离的前体气体量能够通过的开口。这些成分被导向收集系统102,所述收集系统102可以包括被构造成将所述成分分离成两个或更多个流动料流的分离器103。例如,分离器103可以将一个成分流导向第一产品收集器104a,并将第二个成分流导向第二产品收集器104b。在特定的实施方案中,第一产品收集器104a可收集纯或基本上纯的氢,其可被输送至基于氢的燃料电池105或需要相对高纯度水平氢的其它设备。导向第二产品收集器104b的第二成分流可包括混以其它元素或化合物的氢。这种元素或化合物可以包括甲烷或别的未解离的前体气体和/或没有在第一基底130a或第二基底130b上沉积的碳(或旨在沉积的别的元素或化合物)。可以将这些成分导向发动机106,例如涡轮发动机或可燃烧氢与其它成分的混合物的别的类型的内燃机。发动机106和/或燃料电池105可为任意数目的设备提供动力,包括用于电感线圈120的电源121。在此实施方案的另一方面中,可以经由入口112将在第二收集器104b处接收的至少一些成分(例如,未解离的前体气体)导回到反应器110当中。
前述配置的优点是,可以通过布置多个基底来避免在化学气相沉积装置中通常会遇到的辐射损失,所述布置的方式使得由一个表面发出的辐射能够被也旨在用于沉积的另一表面所接收。在图1所示的特定实施方案中示出两个基底,每个具有单一的暴露表面,它们彼此面对。在其它实施方案中,可以布置另外的基底(例如,在垂直于图1平面向内和/或向外延伸的平面中),以使得成形产品另外的暴露表面能对其它成形产品的相应表面辐射热。
前述配置的另一优点是,其可用于产生结构性组块和/或建构物以及由氢供体产生清洁燃烧的氢燃料。当前体气体包括烃时,建构物可以包括石墨烯和/或别的含碳材料,例如可进一步处理以形成碳基复合材料或碳基聚合物的材料。在其它实施方案中,前体气体可以包括其它元素(例如,硼、氮、硫、硅和/或过渡金属),这些其它元素也可用于形成含有所述元素的结构性组块和/或由所述组块形成的建构物。合适的方法及代表性建构物进一步描述在以下共同待审的美国专利申请中,所有下述申请均与本申请同时提交,并以引用的方式并入本申请:申请号______标题为“CHEMICALPROCESSESANDREACTORSFOREFFICIENTLYPRODUCINGHYDROGENFUELSANDSTRUCTURALMATERIALS,ANDASSOCIATEDSYSTEMSANDMETHODS”(律师文案号69545.8601US);申请号______标题为“ARCHITECTURALCONSTRUCTHAVINGFOREXAMPLEAPLURALITYOFARCHITECTURALCRYSTALS”(律师文案号69545.8701US);和申请号_______标题为“CARBON-BASEDDURABLEGOODSANDRENEWABLEFUELFROMBIOMASSWASTEDISSOCIATION”(律师文案号69545.9002US)。
上文参考图1描述的实施方案的一个特征是,其可以按间歇过程来实施。例如,可以使第一和第二成形结构140a、140b每一个增长特定的量,然后从反应容器111中移出。在下文参考图2描述的另一实施方案中,可以按连续的方式形成产品,而不需要使反应停止以移出产品。
图2示出包括反应器210的系统200,反应器210具有被构造成按照所公开技术的另一实施方案以连续流动方式运行的反应器容器211。在此实施方案的一个方面中,反应器210具有带第一基底230a(例如,圆柱形基底)的第一基底支承件214a和带第二基底230b的第二基底支承件214b。基底230a、230b每个具有相应的(初始)暴露表面231a、231b,它们彼此面对着。暴露表面231a、231b被布置在由相应的感应线圈220(截面在图2中可见)加热的感应区223中。在一些情况下可由另外的热源222(例如燃烧器)补充感应线圈220的供热。随着解离成分(例如,碳)在基底230a、230b的暴露表面231a、231b上沉积,其形成相应的产品240a、240b,各自具有相应的暴露表面241a、241b,它们可延伸到相应基底230a、230b的外周边。在相反的方向上从感应区223中取出基底230a、230b,如箭头A1和A2所示。这使得能够在基底230a、230b在感应区223处所带的产品240a、240b的新形成的暴露表面241a、241b上形成另外的产品。为方便此操作,反应器210可以包括相应的密封件280a、280b,它们各自布置在基底230a、230b相应一个的周围。密封件280a、280b使得能够从反应器容器211中取出基底230a、230b和基底所带的相应产品240a、240b,而不会使存在于反应器容器211中的气体有显著的损失。在代表性实施方案中,密封件280a、280b可包括高温迷宫型密封件,在其它实施方案中可包括其它构型。
系统200还可以包括再利用反应器210内所产生的热的装置。例如,系统200可以包括一个或多个换热器250(图2中显示有三个,为第一换热器250a、第二换热器250b和第三换热器250c),所述换热器250从移出反应器容器211的产品和成分中获取热量,并将该热量返给进入反应容器211的前体气体。此配置减少了感应线圈220加热感应区223所需的能量。在特定的实施方案中,第一和第二换热器250a、250b各自的布置与基底230a、230b和形成在这些基底端部的产品240a、240b中相应的一个紧密热联通。第一和第二换热器250a、250b每个可包括运载换热器流体的相应换热器线圈251(截面在图2中可见)。通过一个或多个泵255围绕流体路径252运送换热器流体。在特定的实施方案中,换热器流体可以包括水/蒸汽,在其它实施方案中可以包括其它合适的传热介质。换热器流体流过在第一和第二换热器250a、250b处的线圈251,在那些处被基底230a、230b及相关产品240a、240b加热,并将此热量提供给第三换热器250c。在第三换热器250c处,随着气体沿前体气体流径253从前体气源201前行到容器211的入口212,由围绕流体路径252前行的换热器流体提供的热量被传递至前体气体。这种配置以更新的方式将前体气体加热到温度接近于解离温度。然后通过容器211中的感应加热提供另外的解离热。
如上所述,解离和沉积过程可产生气体产物、残留和未用的反应物及其它成分。这些受热成分经由出口213离开反应器容器211,并沿产品流径254运送通过第三换热器250c。在第三换热器250c处,产品流径254的布置与前体流径253紧密热联通,以将热量传递给进入反应容器211的前体气体。
离开第三换热器250c后,移出反应器容器211的产品进入可包括分离器203的收集系统202。分离器203可以将产品气体分离成例如传送到第一产品收集器204a的第一产品和传送到第二产品收集器204b的第二产品。在特定的实施例中,当前体气体包括甲烷时,第一产品收集器204a可收集纯氢,第二产品收集器204b可收集氢、未解离的甲烷和/或未沉积的碳的混合物。纯氢可供要求特定氢纯度水平的发电机使用,例如燃料电池,如上所述。可将第二产品(例如,氢和甲烷的混合物)传送至不要求同样纯度水平的其它发电机。这种发电机可以包括涡轮发动机和/或内燃机,也如上所述。在特定的实施方案中,经由阀207将至少一些含甲烷的产品返运回到前体气源201,用于在反应器210处解离。
若干前述实施方案的一个特点是,它们包括节能配置和/或再循环成分。例如,如上所述,支承件的相对表面和支承件所带的沉积产品减少了系统中总的辐射热损失。换热器可补充或代替前述特点而将由产品形成过程所产生的热返给进来的反应物,再次减少了系统消耗的总能量。除了耐久品以外的产品或用于在反应器处形成耐久品的元素可再用于其它目的,例如用于电发目的。
从前述内容可意识到,本文中已经为示例的目的描述了具体的技术实施方案,但在不与所述技术有所偏离的情况下可以做出各种修改。例如,在其它实施方案中,传送到反应器的前体气体可以包括甲烷以外的烃化合物。这种化合物可以包括多种烃燃料和/或醇。还在进一步的实施方案中,前体可以包括没有氢的含碳供体,还在进一步的实施方案中,前体气体可以包括碳以外的供体。在这种情况下,前体气体可以包括含氮或其它化合物,以基于碳以外的元素形成耐久品或耐久品成分。
就特定实施方案所描述的某些技术方面在其它实施方案中可以结合起来或予以排除。例如,就上文图2所示的连续流动实施方案描述的换热器也可应用于上文参考图1描述的间歇流程。此外,虽然与所述技术的某些实施方案相关的优点已经就这些实施方案得到了描述,但其它的实施方案也可显示出这样的优点,并且不是所有的实施方案都需要显示出这样的优点才算是归属于本发明的范围以内。因此,本发明及相关技术可以包括本文中没有明确显示或描述的其它实施方案。
在未于先前以引用的方式并入本文的范围内,以下材料中每一者的主题全文以引用的方式并入本申请:第12/857,553号美国专利申请,提交于2010年8月16日,标题为“SUSTAINABLEECONOMICDEVELOPMENTTHROUGHINTEGRATEDPRODUCTIONOFRENEWABLEENERGY,MATERIALSRESOURCES,ANDNUTRIENTREGIMES”;第12/857,553号美国专利申请,提交于2010年8月16日,标题为“SYSTEMSANDMETHODSFORSUSTAINABLEECONOMICDEVELOPMENTTHROUGHINTEGRATEDFULLSPECTRUMPRODUCTIONOFRENEWABLEENERGY”;第12/857,554号美国专利申请,提交于2010年8月16日,标题为“SYSTEMSANDMETHODSFORSUSTAINABLEECONOMICDEVELOPMENTTHROUGHINTEGRATEDFULLSPECTRUMPRODUCTIONOFRENEWABLEMATERIALRESOURCESUSINGSOLARTHERMAL”;第12/857,502号美国专利申请,提交于2010年8月16日,标题为“ENERGYSYSTEMFORDWELLINGSUPPORT”;第69545-8505.US00号律师文案,提交于2011年2月14日,标题为“DELIVERYSYSTEMSWITHIN-LINESELECTIVEEXTRACTIONDEVICESANDASSOCIATEDMETHODSOFOPERATION”;第61/401,699号美国专利申请,提交于2010年8月16日,标题为“COMPREHENSIVECOSTMODELINGOFAUTOGENOUSSYSTEMSANDPROCESSESFORTHEPRODUCTIONOFENERGY,MATERIALRESOURCESANDNUTRIENTREGIMES”;第69545-8601.US00号律师文案,提交于2011年2月14日,标题为“CHEMICALPROCESSESANDREACTORSFOREFFICIENTLYPRODUCINGHYDROGENFUELSANDSTRUCTURALMATERIALS,ANDASSOCIATEDSYSTEMSANDMETHODS”;第69545-8602.US00号律师文案,提交于2011年2月14日,标题为“REACTORVESSELSWITHTRANSMISSIVESURFACESFORPRODUCINGHYDROGEN-BASEDFUELSANDSTRUCTURALELEMENTS,ANDASSOCIATEDSYSTEMSANDMETHODS”;第69545-8603.US00号律师文案,提交于2011年2月14日,标题为“CHEMICALREACTORSWITHRE-RADIATINGSURFACESANDASSOCIATEDSYSTEMSANDMETHODS”;第69545-8604.US00号律师文案,提交于2011年2月14日,标题为“THERMALTRANSFERDEVICEANDASSOCIATEDSYSTEMSANDMETHODS”;第69545-8605.US00号律师文案,提交于2011年2月14日,标题为“CHEMICALREACTORSWITHANNULARLYPOSITIONEDDELIVERYANDREMOVALDEVICES,ANDASSOCIATEDSYSTEMSANDMETHODS”;第69545-8606.US00号律师文案,提交于2011年2月14日,标题为“REACTORSFORCONDUCTINGTHERMOCHEMICALPROCESSESWITHSOLARHEATINPUT,ANDASSOCIATEDSYSTEMSANDMETHODS”;第69545-8611.US00号律师文案,提交于2011年2月14日,标题为“COUPLEDTHERMOCHEMICALREACTORSANDENGINES,ANDASSOCIATEDSYSTEMSANDMETHODS”;第61/385,508号美国专利申请,提交于2010年9月22日,标题为“REDUCINGANDHARVESTINGDRAGENERGYONMOBILEENGINESUSINGTHERMALCHEMICALREGENERATION”;第69545-8616.US00号律师文案,提交于2011年2月14日,标题为“REACTORVESSELSWITHPRESSUREANDHEATTRANSFERFEATURESFORPRODUCINGHYDROGEN-BASEDFUELSANDSTRUCTURALELEMENTS,ANDASSOCIATEDSYSTEMSANDMETHODS”;第69545-8701.US00号律师文案,提交于2011年2月14日,标题为“ARCHITECTURALCONSTRUCTHAVINGFOREXAMPLEAPLURALITYOFARCHITECTURALCRYSTALS”;第12/806,634号美国专利申请,提交于2010年8月16日,标题为“METHODSANDAPPARATUSESFORDETECTIONOFPROPERTIESOFFLUIDCONVEYANCESYSTEMS”;第69545-8801.US01号律师文案,提交于2011年2月14日,标题为“METHODS,DEVICES,ANDSYSTEMSFORDETECTINGPROPERTIESOFTARGETSAMPLES”;第69545-9002.US00号律师文案,提交于2011年2月14日,标题为“SYSTEMFORPROCESSINGBIOMASSINTOHYDROCARBONS,ALCOHOLVAPORS,HYDROGEN,CARBON,ETC.”;第69545-9004.US00号律师文案,提交于2011年2月14日,标题为“CARBONRECYCLINGANDREINVESTMENTUSINGTHERMOCHEMICALREGENERATION”;第69545-9006.US00号律师文案,提交于2011年2月14日,标题为“OXYGENATEDFUEL”;第61/237,419号美国专利申请,提交于2009年8月27日,标题为“CARBONSEQUESTRATION”;第61/237,425号美国专利申请,提交于2009年8月27日,标题为“OXYGENATEDFUELPRODUCTION”;第69545-9102.US00号律师文案,提交于2011年2月14日,标题为“MULTI-PURPOSERENEWABLEFUELFORISOLATINGCONTAMINANTSANDSTORINGENERGY”;第61/421,189号美国专利申请,提交于2010年12月8日,标题为“LIQUIDFUELSFROMHYDROGEN,OXIDESOFCARBON,AND/ORNITROGEN;ANDPRODUCTIONOFCARBONFORMANUFACTURINGDURABLEGOODS”;和第69545-9105.US00号律师文案,提交于2011年2月14日,标题为“ENGINEEREDFUELSTORAGE,RESPECIATIONANDTRANSPORT”。
Claims (17)
1.一种形成材料的方法,包括:
在反应器中设置第一基底,所述第一基底具有暴露的第一表面;
在所述反应器中设置第二基底,所述第二基底具有面向所述第一表面的暴露的第二表面;
将所述第一基底的不同于所述第一表面的另外的暴露表面隔热,以至少除了在所述第一表面处之外限制由所述第一基底的辐射;
将所述第二基底的不同于所述第二表面的另外的暴露表面隔热,以至少除了在所述第二表面处之外限制由所述第二基底的辐射;
将前体气体导入所述反应器;
激活接近所述第一和第二表面的感应线圈以解离所述前体气体;
将所述前体气体的成分沉积在所述第一和第二表面上;
在所述第二表面和沉积在所述第二表面上的成分中至少之一处接收由所述第一表面和沉积在所述第一表面上的成分中至少之一辐射的热;
在所述第一表面和沉积在所述第一表面上的成分中至少之一处接收由所述第二表面和沉积在所述第二表面上的成分中至少之一辐射的热;以及
以连续的方式在相反的方向上从所述反应器中取出所述第一和第二基底,同时将所述成分沉积在所述第一和第二基底上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述将前体气体导入所述反应器包括将甲烷导入所述反应器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中沉积成分包括沉积碳。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述前体气体包括氢化合物,且其中所述方法进一步包括从所述化合物中解离氢,且其中沉积成分包括沉积解离所述氢后剩下的所述化合物的成分。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,进一步包括从所述反应器中移出所述氢,并提供所述氢作为燃料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,进一步包括将所述氢分离成具有第一纯度水平的第一部分和具有第二纯度水平的第二部分,所述第二纯度水平低于所述第一纯度水平,且其中所述方法进一步包括:
用燃料电池以所述第一部分生产电能;以及
用发动机燃烧所述第二部分。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中取出包括通过所述反应器的第一密封件取出所述第一基底并通过所述反应器的第二密封件取出所述第二基底以至少限制气体逸出所述反应器。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:
停止沉积所述成分的过程;并
在停止沉积所述成分的过程的同时从所述反应器中移出所述第一和第二基底。
9.一种形成材料的方法,包括:
在反应器的感应区中设置第一石墨基底,所述第一石墨基底具有第一暴露表面;
在所述反应器的所述感应区中设置第二石墨基底,所述第二石墨基底具有面向所述第一表面的第二表面;
将甲烷导入所述感应区;
激活围绕所述感应区的感应线圈以将甲烷解离成碳和氢;
在所述第一和第二表面上外延生长碳;
通过以下方式使所述感应区内的热再循环:
在所述第二表面和生长在所述第二表面上的碳至少之一处接收由所述第一表面和生长在所述第一表面上的碳至少之一辐射的热;
在所述第一表面和生长在所述第一表面上的碳至少之一处接收由所述第二表面和生长在所述第二表面上的碳至少之一辐射的热;
至少限制由所述第一石墨基底除了所述第一表面外的任何表面的辐射;
至少限制由所述第二石墨基底除了所述第二表面外的任何表面的辐射;以及
以连续的方式在相反的方向上从所述反应器中取出所述第一和第二石墨基底及外延生长的碳,同时将碳沉积在所述第一和第二石墨基底上。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中,以连续的方式在相反的方向上从所述反应器中取出所述第一和第二石墨基底及外延生长的碳包括通过相应的第一和第二密封件在相反的方向上从所述反应器中取出所述第一和第二石墨基底及外延生长的碳以至少限制气体逸出所述反应器。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法,进一步包括:
接收来自所述第一石墨基底和生长在所述第一石墨基底上的碳至少之一的第一热量;
接收来自所述第二石墨基底和生长在所述第二石墨基底上的碳至少之一的第二热量;
从所述感应区中移出解离的氢;
接收来自移出所述感应区的氢的第三热量;
将所述第一、第二和第三热量的至少一部分传递给一定体积的甲烷;以及
将所述一定体积的甲烷导入所述感应区以进行解离。
12.一种用于形成材料的方法,包括:
在反应器中设置第一基底,所述第一基底具有暴露的第一表面;
在所述反应器中设置第二基底,所述第二基底具有面向所述第一表面的暴露的第二表面;
将前体气体导入所述反应器;
激活接近所述第一和第二表面的感应线圈以解离所述前体气体;
将所述前体气体的成分沉积在所述第一和第二表面上;
在所述第二表面和沉积在所述第二表面上的成分中至少之一处接收由所述第一表面和沉积在所述第一表面上的成分中至少之一辐射的热;以及
在所述第一表面和沉积在所述第一表面上的成分中至少之一处接收由所述第二表面和沉积在所述第二表面上的成分中至少之一辐射的热;以及
以连续的方式在相反的方向上从所述反应器中取出所述第一和第二基底,同时将所述成分沉积在所述第一和第二基底上。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,进一步包括:
将所述第一基底的不同于所述第一表面的另外的暴露表面隔热,以至少除了在所述第一表面处之外限制由所述第一基底的辐射;以及
将所述第二基底的不同于所述第二表面的另外的暴露表面隔热,以至少除了在所述第二表面处之外限制由所述第二基底的辐射。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述将前体气体导入所述反应器包括将甲烷导入所述反应器。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述前体气体包括氢化合物,且其中所述方法进一步包括从所述化合物中解离氢,且其中沉积成分包括沉积解离所述氢后剩下的所述化合物的成分。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,进一步包括从所述反应器中移出所述氢,并提供所述氢作为燃料。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法,进一步包括将所述氢分离成具有第一纯度水平的第一部分和具有第二纯度水平的第二部分,所述第二纯度水平低于所述第一纯度水平,且其中所述方法进一步包括:
用燃料电池以所述第一部分生产电能;以及
用发动机燃烧所述第二部分。
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CA2788429A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
KR101397751B1 (ko) | 2014-05-20 |
US8623107B2 (en) | 2014-01-07 |
EP2534094A4 (en) | 2014-01-01 |
US9394169B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 |
EP2534094A2 (en) | 2012-12-19 |
US20140120025A1 (en) | 2014-05-01 |
JP2013519621A (ja) | 2013-05-30 |
WO2011100722A3 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
CN102844264A (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
JP5406384B2 (ja) | 2014-02-05 |
AU2011216267B2 (en) | 2013-02-07 |
BR112012020275A2 (pt) | 2018-04-17 |
WO2011100722A2 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
US20110064644A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
CA2788429C (en) | 2014-05-20 |
KR20120125540A (ko) | 2012-11-15 |
AU2011216267A1 (en) | 2012-09-06 |
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