CN1028257C - Method for nondestructive testing of residual stress - Google Patents
Method for nondestructive testing of residual stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN1028257C CN1028257C CN 92103202 CN92103202A CN1028257C CN 1028257 C CN1028257 C CN 1028257C CN 92103202 CN92103202 CN 92103202 CN 92103202 A CN92103202 A CN 92103202A CN 1028257 C CN1028257 C CN 1028257C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for the nondestructive measurement of residual stress. By the residual stress thermal analysis principle, through the laser infrared temperature measurement technique, namely that equal energy is injected to the surface of a member with laser beams transmitted by a laser transmitter, and radiation infrared rays generated by a temperature rise are received by an infrared receiving instrument, a temperature distribution curve is measured and recorded; further, the residual stress distribution curve of the measured member is calibrated. The present invention can overcome the defects of a plurality of measuring methods in the prior art, and thus, the present invention is a relatively satisfactory and perfect novel method.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of method of nondestructive testing of residual stress, say definitely, is a kind of method that adopts the laser infrared temperature-test technology to measure unrelieved stress, belongs to the method and technology field of testing by means of the physical property of measuring material.
At present, there is several different methods can measure the unrelieved stress of member, as photoelastic method, electrical measuring method, method of magnetic, ultrasonic method, x-ray method etc., being applied in of these methods solved many engineering problems to a certain extent, but these methods also far are not a kind of perfect, gratifying methods, because: photoelastic method, electrical measuring method need to hole on material, method of magnetic is only limited to magnetic material, can only the fathom skin stress of about 0.01mm of x-ray method, other nuclear radiation method fathoms darker, but security and rodability are relatively poor.In recent years, abroad the someone has proposed " unrelieved stress heat is analyzed " principle of a kind of being called, the basis of this principle is: the specific heat at constant pressure of heated air is always greater than specific heat at constant volume, therefore injecting under the identical situation to gas, the gas caused temperature rise of the some point that specific heat of combustion is lower less than pressure is higher that specific heat of combustion is higher in that pressure is lower, because it is continuous that specific heat of combustion changes, so injecting the caused temperature rise of identical energy is directly proportional with the pressure of gas, and, situation is very similar in the solid, stress and pressure are with a kind of physical phenomenon, reason out " unrelieved stress heat is analyzed " principle thus, that is: owing to inject certain energy with producing a temperature rise difference relevant,, just can obtain an object temperature rise curve relevant with stress if can enough accurately measure the every bit temperature rise of component surface with stress to object.If use the method that this principle proposes a kind of new measurement unrelieved stress, will be a kind of very promising method, but show still do not have the method for the measurement unrelieved stress under " unrelieved stress heat is analyzed " guidance of principle through domestic and external retrieval.
In addition, the EP-0250194 patent has been announced a kind of measurement strain and method of temperature, its essence is and utilize laser generator to produce the light pulse signal of two different wave lengths, this light signal transmits on Fibre Optical Sensor, and transmission quantity is the function of temperature, strain, wavelength.But,, can make transmission quantity be independent of strain or temperature by selecting the parameter of relevant optical fiber transmission device.Like this, measure the light signal that transmits between the stamen line, again through handling temperature or the strain that to determine measured piece.
In above-mentioned contrast patent, laser is to occur as the carrier light signal of measuring strain, and the strain of measured piece is to calculate out by the numerical value of output optical transmission in the survey sensor.
The objective of the invention is to provide at above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art a kind of method of nondestructive testing of residual stress, it is a kind of new method under " unrelieved stress heat is analyzed " guidance of principle, and should be more satisfactory and perfect new method.
The objective of the invention is to realize as follows:
With a LASER Light Source as heating source, measured point with the tested component surface of laser beam irradiation of firm power, measure the equilibrium temperature of this point with infrared receiving instrument, unrelieved stress-equilibrium temperature the curve of this temperature with the standard element that obtains by identical parameters contrasted, can try to achieve the unrelieved stress of this point of tested component surface.
Another method is, still use a LASER Light Source as heating source, surface with the tested member of laser beam uniform speed scanning of firm power, measure the real-time temperature of measured point with infrared receiving instrument, unrelieved stress-equilibrium temperature the curve of this temperature with the standard element that obtains by identical parameters contrasted, can try to achieve the unrelieved stress of this point of tested member.
Adopting scheme provided by the invention, when measuring the member unrelieved stress, its key is to guarantee to inject identical energy to measured component surface every bit, and the temperature rise of enough accurately measuring every bit.The present invention is by means of generating laser and infrared receiving instrument, adopt the laser infrared temperature-test technology, inject identical energy with generating laser emitted laser bundle to the every bit of measured component surface, the unrelieved stress position will cause the temperature rise difference relevant with its stress distribution, receive the infrared radiation of this temperature rise with infrared receiving instrument, enough accurately determine temperature required, and record, thereby draw out the temperature distribution history of measured member, use the same method and draw out a known residual stress distribution curve, it is the temperature distribution history of standard element, go out the unrelieved stress-temperature curve of standard element again with two curve plottings, and demarcate with unrelieved stress-temperature curve of the temperature distribution history and the standard element of measured member, draw out the residual stress distribution curve of measured member.
One of concrete method is at first to debug generating laser to steady state (SS), it is its laser beam that can launch firm power continuously, use again the measured component surface of laser beam irradiation a bit, can choose in the scope of unrelieved stress position or near any point, irradiation reaches equilibrium temperature until this point, after the energy that i.e. irradiation is injected and the energy of loss reach mobile equilibrium, the equilibrium temperature that reaches.The temperature rise of irradiation reaches equilibrium temperature, causes infrared radiation thereupon, and said irradiation means the delay of certain hour, but does not have concrete time restriction, as long as can reach equilibrium temperature.Utilize the characteristics such as characteristic, firm power and equilibrium temperature of laser beam itself, to guarantee injecting identical energy to measured component surface every bit.In irradiation, receive the infrared radiation of this point of measured component surface with infrared receiving instrument, the infrared radiation that comes down to utilize the temperature rise of equilibrium temperature to cause, determine the equilibrium temperature of this point by infrared receiving instrument, write down this equilibrium temperature, these can utilize existing equipment to reach enough accurately reaching comprehensively.Repeat above work, power, irradiation situation that promptly keeps laser beam etc. is constant, with identical step, measures, writes down the equilibrium temperature of some other points, until the equilibrium temperature that obtains enough some points, can draw out the equilibrium temperature profile curve of measured member.Repeat above job step, the power that promptly keeps laser beam, the irradiation situation, get distribute etc. constant, still use above method and step, draw out a known residual stress distribution curve, it is the equilibrium temperature profile curve of standard element, equilibrium temperature profile curve and residual stress distribution curve with standard element, drawing out with the unrelieved stress amount is ordinate, with the equilibrium temperature amount is the unrelieved stress-equilibrium temperature curve of the standard element of horizontal ordinate, use the unrelieved stress-equilibrium temperature calibration curve of the equilibrium temperature profile curve and the standard element of measured member again, said demarcation is a conventional method, the identical equilibrium temperature amount of measured member and standard element of promptly getting is on the unrelieved stress-equilibrium temperature curve of standard element, pairing unrelieved stress amount just can be drawn out the residual stress distribution curve of measured member.
Two of concrete method is at first to debug generating laser to steady state (SS), it is its laser beam that can launch firm power continuously, use the measured component surface of laser beam uniform speed scanning again, can select in the scope of unrelieved stress position or near scanning, said at the uniform velocity do not have a concrete restriction, as long as can make the sweep test of measured component surface can cause instant temperature rise, cause infrared radiation thereupon.Utilize the characteristics such as characteristic, firm power, uniform speed scanning of laser beam itself, to guarantee injecting identical energy to measured component surface every bit.In scanning, receive the infrared radiation of measured component surface with infrared receiving instrument, the infrared radiation that comes down to utilize the temperature rise of real-time temperature to cause, determine whole audience real-time temperature in the sweep limit by infrared receiving instrument, record whole audience real-time temperature, these can utilize existing equipment to reach enough accurately reaching comprehensively, can draw out the real-time temperature distribution curve of measured member thus.Repeat above job step, the power that promptly keeps laser beam, uniform speed scanning situations etc. are constant, still use above method and step, draw out a known residual stress distribution curve, it is the real-time temperature distribution curve of standard element, real-time temperature distribution curve and residual stress distribution curve with standard element, drawing out with the unrelieved stress amount is ordinate, with the real-time temperature amount is the unrelieved stress-real-time temperature curve of the standard element of horizontal ordinate, use the unrelieved stress-real-time temperature calibration curve of the real-time temperature distribution curve and the standard element of measured member again, said demarcation is a conventional method, the identical real-time temperature amount of measured member and standard element of promptly getting is on the unrelieved stress-real-time temperature curve of standard element, pairing unrelieved stress amount just can be drawn out the residual stress distribution curve of measured member.
In method one, two, said equilibrium temperature, real-time temperature distribution curve, be meant along crossing the length distribution curve at measured member unrelieved stress position, be that ordinate is the temperature amount, horizontal ordinate is the length amount of crossing measured member unrelieved stress position, corresponding, the residual stress distribution curve of measured member, standard element, be meant that also identical edge crosses the length distribution curve at measured member, standard element unrelieved stress position, simultaneously, the irradiation moving direction of laser beam, scanning moving direction all can be by this length direction.In addition, the operating mode of said accurate member is beneficial to measurement conveniently, accurately with close with measured member operating mode as far as possible or similar to well.
In method one, two, the emissive power of said generating laser is 50-150 watt, not damage the surface of measured member, can reach the requirement that is easy to accurately measure temperature rise again.Said generating laser emitted laser Shu Bochang is 10.8 μ m, the reception wavelength of infrared receiving instrument is 2-6 μ m, two wavelength are inequality, and, laser beam should be avoided vertical irradiation or scan measured member, standard element surface, avoiding infrared receiving instrument to receive the laser beam of identical wavelength or to receive laser beam fully, and influence measuring accuracy.
Said generating laser can adopt LASER HEATING system of the prior art or laser instrument among the present invention, and infrared receiving instrument can adopt infrared thermography, can adopt monitor and magnetic disc storage analyser during record, all can reach measurement requirement and precision.In addition, can between generating laser and infrared receiving instrument, add synchronizing linkage,, measure, write down temperature, also we can say to carrying out synchronously with in irradiation or scanning.
The present invention compares with multiple measuring method of the prior art, have following advantage: 1, it is a kind of nondestructive measurement, can avoid needing on material, to hole as photoelastic method, electrical measuring method, and material itself is caused the problem of damage, 2, it is applicable to the measurement of various materials such as metal, nonmetal, magnetic material, 3, into x-ray method 100 times fathom, can reach the millimeter magnitude, 4, its security and rodability are stronger, are applicable to the measurement of various occasions, and 5, improved measuring accuracy.In sum, the present invention has overcome the deficiency of multiple measuring method of the prior art, is a kind of more satisfactory and perfect new method.
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the equilibrium temperature profile curve of embodiment one measured member.
Fig. 3 is the equilibrium temperature profile curve of embodiment one standard element.
Fig. 4 is the residual stress distribution curve of embodiment one standard element.
Fig. 5 is the unrelieved stress-equilibrium temperature curve of embodiment one standard element.
Fig. 6 is the residual stress distribution curve of embodiment one measured member.
Fig. 7 is the real-time temperature distribution curve of embodiment two measured members.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment is described in detail.
In the embodiments of the invention, measured member 1 adopts the 16Mn steel plate of 300mm * 120mm * 5mm, and the groove of 12mm * 60mm is opened at the center along its length, carries out 650 ℃, 2 hours stress relief annealings behind the fluting, carries out grinding after the J507 welding rod built-up welding with φ 2.5mm.Standard element 2 is close with measured member 1 operating mode, adopt the 16Mn steel plate of 300mm * 120mm * 8mm, the groove of 12mm * 60mm is opened at the center along its length, carries out 650 ℃, 2 hours stress relief annealings behind the fluting, carries out grinding after the J507 welding rod built-up welding with φ 2.5mm.The generating laser that is adopted is the GJ-II-SJ-III of Beijing Electromechanical Research Inst production, the LASER HEATING system 3 that emissive power is 50-150 watt, it is debugged to steady state (SS), make it launch 80 watts firm power laser beam, and laser beam wavelength is 10.8 μ m, thermometric adopts TVS3500 infrared thermography 4 produced in USA, it receives wavelength is 2-6 μ m, and writing down used is common homemade monitor 5 and magnetic disc storage analyser 6.
Embodiment one is near measured member 1 weld seam of LASER HEATING system 3 irradiations or certain some certain hour in the scope, determine this equilibrium temperature with infrared thermography 4 simultaneously, with monitor 5 these equilibrium temperatures of record, length direction along transverse welds moves the laser beam of LASER HEATING system 3 to descending a bit, repeat above work, draw out the equilibrium temperature profile curve (Fig. 2) of measured member 1, promptly along transverse welds length distribution curve.Repeat above step, still adopt above method, draw out the equilibrium temperature profile curve (Fig. 3) of standard element 2, with known residual stress distribution curve (Fig. 4) and equilibrium temperature profile curve (Fig. 3), draw out the unrelieved stress-equilibrium temperature curve (Fig. 5) of standard element, use the unrelieved stress-equilibrium temperature curve (Fig. 5) of equilibrium temperature profile curve (Fig. 2) Yu the standard element of measured member to demarcate again, draw out the residual stress distribution curve (Fig. 6) of measured member 1 along transverse welds length.
Embodiment two is that LASER HEATING system 3 is along the measured member 1 of transverse welds direction uniform speed scanning, use the real-time temperature of the measured member 1 of infrared thermography 4 whole audience The real time measure simultaneously, and with the some width of cloth whole audience temperature patterns of magnetic disc storage analyser 6 record, with monitor 5 each width of cloth whole audience temperature pattern of playback, draw out the real-time temperature distribution curve (Fig. 7) of measured member 1, promptly along transverse welds length distribution curve.
From Fig. 6 and Fig. 4 results of comparison, reflected the unrelieved stress variation tendency fully, from Fig. 7 and Fig. 4 results of comparison, reflected the unrelieved stress variation tendency basically.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of method of measuring unrelieved stress, it uses a LASER Light Source, it is characterized in that, with LASER Light Source as heating source, with the tested component surface of firm power laser beam irradiation a bit, measure the equilibrium temperature of this point with infrared receiving instrument, the unrelieved stress-equilibrium temperature curve of this temperature with the standard element that obtains by identical parameters contrasted, can try to achieve this unrelieved stress of tested member.
2, a kind of method of measuring unrelieved stress, it uses a LASER Light Source, it is characterized in that, with LASER Light Source as heating source, surface with the tested member of laser beam uniform speed scanning of firm power, measure the real-time temperature of measured point with infrared receiving instrument, the unrelieved stress-equilibrium temperature curve of this temperature with the standard element that obtains by identical parameters contrasted, can try to achieve the unrelieved stress of this point of tested member.
3, the method for measurement unrelieved stress according to claim 1 and 2, the emissive power that it is characterized in that said generating laser is 50-150 watt.
4, the method for measurement unrelieved stress according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that said generating laser emitted laser Shu Bochang is 10.8 μ m, and the reception wavelength of infrared receiving instrument is 2-6 μ m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92103202 CN1028257C (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1992-04-30 | Method for nondestructive testing of residual stress |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92103202 CN1028257C (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1992-04-30 | Method for nondestructive testing of residual stress |
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| CN1065931A CN1065931A (en) | 1992-11-04 |
| CN1028257C true CN1028257C (en) | 1995-04-19 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 92103202 Expired - Fee Related CN1028257C (en) | 1992-04-30 | 1992-04-30 | Method for nondestructive testing of residual stress |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102155931B (en) * | 2010-12-02 | 2012-09-05 | 西安交通大学 | Sub-surface damage detection method based on temperature field finite element analysis and simulation |
| CN102419224B (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2013-09-25 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Local thermal disturbance method for residual stress test analysis |
| CN102620868B (en) * | 2012-03-10 | 2013-12-11 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Thin film stress measuring device with vertical optical path structure and application thereof |
| CN102636302A (en) * | 2012-03-10 | 2012-08-15 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Light beam array membrane stress measuring device |
| CN102967397A (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-03-13 | 辽宁省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Device and method for measuring residual stress of welding seam of welding structure by ultrasonic waves |
| TWI475202B (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2015-03-01 | Nat Univ Tsing Hua | The stress detection method and system on small areas |
| CN105424243B (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2019-06-18 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of torsion residual stress supersonic damage-free detection method |
| CN109254012A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2019-01-22 | 中北大学 | A kind of cracks of metal surface detection device and method based on semiconductor laser |
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- 1992-04-30 CN CN 92103202 patent/CN1028257C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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