CN102824346B - 使用10-炔丙基-10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤治疗t细胞淋巴瘤 - Google Patents
使用10-炔丙基-10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤治疗t细胞淋巴瘤 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
通过给患有T细胞淋巴瘤的病人服用治疗性有效量的10-炔丙基-10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤(deazaaminopterin)来治疗T细胞淋巴瘤。以低至30mg/m2的每周给药剂量水平,即使是耐药的T细胞淋巴瘤,也在人类病人中观察到症状缓解。通常,所述10-炔丙基-10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤被以每剂30-275mg/m2的量给药。
Description
本申请是申请日为2005年5月31日、发明名称为“使用10-炔丙基-10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤治疗T细胞淋巴瘤”的PCT/US2005/019169的发明专利申请的分案申请,原申请的中国专利申请号为200580017316.0。
本申请要求申请于2004年5月30日的美国临时申请号60/521,593的优先权,在此引入该申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及10-炔丙基-10-去氮杂氨基(deazaamino)-蝶呤的组合应用及在治疗T细胞淋巴瘤中的应用。
背景技术
10-炔丙基-10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤(“PDX”或“10-炔丙基-10dAM”)是已经被试验过的并在一些情况下发现其对肿瘤治疗有益的一大类化合物之一。该化合物,具有图1所示结构,已经由DeGraw等人在“10-炔丙基-10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤的合成及抗肿瘤活性”J.MedicalChem.36:2228-2231(1993)一文中公开,并显示了其在鼠L1210细胞株中作为生长抑制剂以及较少程度地抑制化学酶二氢叶酸还原酶(“DHFR”)活性。另外,已经使用E0771鼠乳腺肿瘤模型给出所述化合物的抗肿瘤性质的一些结果。由于在试验中所使用的小白鼠的数量少(每剂量3个)、缺少量化该数据可靠性的标准偏差信息、以及所使用的最高剂量对所述小白鼠实际上是有毒的的事实,因而该数据是不可靠的。尽管如此,假定该数据对于药物在治疗人类肿瘤中的效果具有一些预示价值,它最多预见药物,以同等水平的耐受量,其具有可与氨甲喋呤相比的性质抑或稍微比氨甲喋呤好的性质。
PCT公开号WO98/02163公开了令人惊讶的观察结果,即当在异种移植模型中试验它们抗人类肿瘤的效果时,更高纯化的PDX组合物目前已被证明是远胜于氨甲喋呤(“MTX”)而且甚至优于更新的临床候选药依达曲沙(edatrexate,“ETX”)。此外,10-炔丙基-10-dAM显示出对于治疗肿瘤的令人惊讶的能力,即在治疗停止之后数周也没有肿瘤生长的迹象。因此,可以根据本发明使用含有10-炔丙基-10dAM的高纯化组合物来治疗肿瘤,所述肿瘤既包括实体肿瘤又包括白血病。针对在治疗人类乳腺瘤及人类肺癌中的应用,对所述组合物进行说明。
对于PDX的后续研究表明其自身及与其他治疗剂组合都是有用的。例如,Sirotnak等人在临床癌症研究(Clinical Cancer Research)第6卷,第3705-3712页(2000)报道了PDX与丙磺舒的共同给药,丙磺舒是一种cMOAT/MRP-类胞膜ATP酶抑制剂,大大增强了PDX在体内抗人类实体肿瘤的效果。PDX以及PDX与基于铂的化疗剂的组合已经被证明对于抗间皮瘤是有效的。(Khokar等人,Clin.CancerRes.7:3199-3205(2001)。
术语“淋巴瘤”是指多种疾病状态,包括非何杰金氏(Non-Hodgkins)淋巴瘤(NHL)、弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)、滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)、何杰金氏(Hodgkin′s)病、伯基特氏(Burkitt ′s)淋巴瘤、皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤、原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤以及淋巴瘤性转移。在大多数情况下,淋巴瘤以癌性B细胞的存在为特征。但是,在T细胞淋巴瘤中,所述疾病状态以癌性T淋巴细胞为特征。
发明内容
根据本发明,使用PDX治疗T细胞非何杰金氏淋巴瘤。因此,根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种治疗T细胞非何杰金氏淋巴瘤的方法,其包括给患有淋巴瘤的病人服用治疗有效量的PDX。对人的初步临床结果已经表明该治疗是显著有效的,甚至对于其他治疗方式难以治疗的淋巴瘤而言。
附图说明
图1给出PDX和氨甲喋呤的结构;
图2给出根据现有技术制备的不纯的10-炔丙基-10dAM制剂的HPLC;
图3给出根据本发明的高纯化PDX制剂的HPLC;
图4给出在制备根据本发明的化合物中有用的合成路线图;以及
发明详述
本申请涉及10-炔丙基-10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤在治疗T细胞淋巴瘤中的应用。
T细胞淋巴瘤是其中病人的T细胞被确定是癌性的淋巴瘤。T细胞淋巴瘤包括多种情况,其包括但不限于:
(a)成淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤,其中恶性肿瘤出现于来自胸腺的原始淋巴前体;
(b)成熟的或周边T细胞肿瘤,包括T细胞原淋巴细胞性白血病(T cell prolymphocytic leukemia)、T细胞粒状淋巴细胞性白血病、侵蚀性NK-细胞白血病、皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤(蕈样肉芽肿病/西泽里综合征)、整形大细胞淋巴瘤、T细胞型、肠道病型T细胞淋巴瘤,成人T-细胞白血病/淋巴瘤、其包括那些与HTLV-1相联系的、血管免疫母细胞T细胞淋巴瘤以及皮下脂膜性T细胞淋巴瘤(subcutaneous panniculitic T cell lymphoma);以及
(c)周边T细胞淋巴瘤,其最初包括淋巴结淡色拟薄壁组织皮层并从不成长为真正的小囊类型。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述组合物包含“高纯化”PDX。如同本说明书及权利要求书在此所使用的,“高纯化”的组合物含有基本上不含其他叶酸衍生物,特别是10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤的PDX,它们能够干涉所述PDX的抗肿瘤活性。在本发明范围内的组合物可以包括用于将所述PDX配制为用于治疗应用的适宜剂量单位形式的载体或赋形剂,以及另外的,非叶酸治疗剂。
可以用上文的DeGraw论文中或者美国专利号5,354,751的实施例7中公开的方法合成PDX,其在此被引入作为参考。由该方法制备的所述产物的HPLC评价显示出杂质A以相当的量(-4.6%)存在(图2),其具有与10-去氮杂胺基-蝶呤一致的保留时间。因此,如果使用该合成方法,那么超出DeGraw等人的论文所公开的进一步纯化是必需的。这样的纯化可以通过另外的HPLC或结晶来进行从而去除所述10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤及其他可能存在的叶酸衍生物。
图3给出使用实施例1中所述方法制备的根据本发明的基本上由10-炔丙基-10dAM组成的高纯化制剂的HPLC。在这种情形中,PDX的量(当由HPLC峰面积确定时)接近98%,而且与10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤相对应的峰未被处理软件检出,尽管在该区域存在次要的基线波纹。
PDX已经被用于I/II期研究,其中有患有侵蚀性淋巴瘤的病人参加,包括三个患有耐药的T细胞淋巴瘤的病人。已经获得了以下病例摘要。每个病人还被用叶酸(每日1mg/m2,开始于用PDX治疗之前1周)及B12(每月1mg/m2)补充给药。
病人1.
诊断:周边T细胞淋巴瘤,IV期
人口资料:48岁男性
早先的治疗:CHOP×4疗程(2002年七月-2002年十一月)-难治疗的
ICE×4疗程(2002年十二月)-难治疗的
Campath(2003年三月-2003六月)-混合响应的
预治疗阶段:广泛性疾病皮肤疾病
研究治疗:PDX 135mg/m2×1剂量
毒性:3级口腔炎;3级中性白细胞减少;败血症
响应:通过PET扫描,基本上完全缓解
注解:该病人在从带有革兰氏阳性细菌的开放皮肤损害发展为菌血症及败血症后最终死去。
病人2.
诊断:成淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤,前体T细胞,IV阶段
人口资料:65岁女性
早先的治疗:L20-复合组合化学疗法,自从2002年五月,用药两年多。曾从2002五月到2004年二月服用MTX。2004年十二月复发。
预治疗阶段:广泛蔓延的复发
研究治疗:每4周,PDX 30mg/m2×3周。
至今完成3个疗程
毒性:无
反应:通过PET及CT扫描,完全缓解
注解:在一剂量PDX之后,患有具广泛性基于窦的疾病(extensivesinus based disease)的本质上耐氨甲喋呤的疾病的病人开始缓解。
病人3.
诊断:HTLV相关的T细胞淋巴瘤
人口资料:38岁男性
早先的治疗:EPOCH-infusional组合化学疗法
2003年十月-2004年二月。
预治疗阶段:留有腋下疾病
研究治疗:每周PDX 30mg/m2×每4周3次×2疗程
毒性:无
反应:完全缓解
注解:到第一疗程结束之时,临床上明显的疾病完全消失,耐受良好,没有毒性。
病人4:
诊断:脂膜性T细胞淋巴瘤
人口资料:25岁男性
早先的治疗:Ontak(难治疗的),9/02-11/02;Targretin及IFNα1/03-10/03
(持久的部份缓解);CHOP 4/04-6/04;ICE 6/04,
CyPen 7/04-8/04,Targretin/MTX 9/04-2/05
研究治疗:每周PDX 30mg/m2×4
反应:通过PET,临床完全缓解
毒性:无
注解:治愈皮下病变,以及难以计数的、大的溃疡性颗粒状病变
到目前为止,仅4例患有T细胞淋巴瘤的病人曾经用PDX治疗,而且所有4人均满足完全缓解标准,即使基于敏感的PET图像技术。有趣地,以135mg/m2治疗的病人仅仅接受对于治疗具有显著响应的单剂量药物,而其它的已经仅仅接受在每周计划表上的小的普通剂量。
对于本发明中的应用,PDX被有益地配制为药物制剂,其作为制剂的一部分。所述具体的剂型将取决于给药的方法,但可以包括片剂、胶囊、口服液以及用于静脉注射、肌肉注射或腹腔内给药的可注射溶液。一个适宜的给药剂量计划表包括每两周150mg/m2的给药。当然可以标明较低的剂量水平,这取决于单个病人的耐受量,或者是否采用更频繁的给药。例如,在体表面积的40-120mg/m2/日左右的剂量水平是合适的。在给药3周,每周30mg/m2的剂量之后停药1周,在每周30mg/m2×6周之后停药1周,或者在每周×6周的计划表上逐步增加PDX的剂量,这也是适宜的。如果采用较不频繁给药,那么可以使用更高的剂量水平。因此,在一般意义上,30-275mg/m2的剂量适用于各种给药剂量计划表,例如135-275mg/m2用于每两周的剂量,以及30-150mg/m2用于每周的剂量。所述适当的剂量的确定使用类似于美国专利号6,323,205中所描述的规程,其在此引入作为参考,是在所述领域的技术之内的。
PDX可以与其他细胞毒性的及抗肿瘤的化合物结合使用,包括长春花生物碱例如长春碱、诺维本(navclbine)以及去乙酰长春酰胺;丙磺舒、核苷酸类似物例如吉西他滨(gemcitabine)、5-氟尿嘧啶及阿糖胞苷;烷化剂例如环磷酰胺或异环磷酰胺(ifosfamide);顺氯氨铂或卡铂(carboplatin);亚叶酸;如紫杉醇或多西他赛(docetaxel)的紫杉烷类;抗-CD20单克隆抗体,有或者没有放射性同位素,以及抗生素例如阿霉素及丝裂霉素。还可以使用PDX与若干这些其他抗肿瘤剂或与生长因子抑制剂以及抗血管生成剂的组合。
PDX及其他药剂可以被同时给药或作为共同治疗用药法的部分以组合的方式使用,其中所述PDX和所述其他药剂不同时给药。例如,另一药剂可以在相对于所述PDX给药的之前、随即或一段时间(例如24小时)之后给药。因此,对于本申请的目的,除非另作说明,术语给药一般是指所述药物的同时给药或者顺序给药,以及在有或者没有所述药物之间的时间间隔下在平行治疗用药法中以任一顺序给药。
PDX适宜于与叶酸及维生素B12的补充给药结合使用以减小所述治疗的副作用。例如,可以以叶酸(每日1mg/m2,始于用PDX治疗之前1周)及B12(每月1mg/m2)治疗病人。
实施例1
图4给出根据本发明的在制备10-炔丙基-10-dAM中有用的合成路线图。将油分散体中的60%NaH(1.06g,26.5mmol)在18mL筛干燥的THF中的混合物冷却到0℃。将该冷的混合物用高对苯二甲酸二甲酯(5.0g,24mmol,图4中的化合物1)在干燥THF(7mL)中的溶液处理,并且将所述混合物在0℃搅拌1小时。加入溴丙炔(26.4mmol),并且将该混合物在0℃搅拌另外1小时,然后在室温下搅拌16小时。将所得到的混合物用2.4mL的50%乙酸处理,然后将其倒入240mL水中。用醚(2×150mL)提取所述混合物。将所述醚提取物合并,用Na2SO4干燥,并浓缩为橙黄色的油。通过以环己烷-EtOAc(8∶1)洗脱的硅胶(230-400目,600mL)色谱法得到白色固体状的α-炔丙基高对苯二甲酸二甲酯(化合物2)产物(4.66),其通过TLC(环己烷-EtOAe,3∶1)显现是单一的。但是,该产物的质谱数据显示其是所需的产物2和双炔丙基化化合物的混合物。没有检测到起始原料1。HPLC显示单-与双-炔丙基化产物的比例为大约3∶1。由于所述双炔丙基化产物,不同于化合物1,不能在所述反应的下一步中生成不需要的副产品,该原料适合于转化为化合物3。为了避免在将加载的物料转化为最终产物期间10-dAM的连续形成,在进行所述合成过程所使用的产物中没有原料化合物1是非常重要的,因为从10-炔丙基-1-dAM中完全除去10-dAM是非常困难的。
通过将0.36g油分散体中的60%NaH(9mmol)与10mL干燥的DMF混合形成混合物并将其冷却到0-5℃。以第一反应的产物(化合物2)(2.94g,12mmol)在10mL干燥DMF中的溶液滴加处理该冷的混合物,然后在0℃搅拌30分钟。在冷却到-25℃之后,滴加2,4,二氨基-6-(溴甲基)-蝶啶氢溴酸盐-0.2异丙醇(1.00g,2.9mmol)在10mL干燥DMF中的溶液,同时将温度保持在接近-25℃。在2小时内,允许所述搅拌的混合物升温至-10℃。在-10℃下的另外2小时后,允许所述温度升至20℃;在室温下继续搅拌2小时以上。然后通过添加固体CO2将所述反应调节到pH值为7,在真空浓缩去除溶剂之后,将所述残余物用二乙醚搅拌并收集不溶解于醚的物质,用水洗涤,并真空干燥从而得到1.49g的粗产物。将该粗产物溶于CHCl3-MeOH(10∶1)用于应用到硅胶柱。经过相同的溶剂体系洗脱得到10-炔丙基-10-甲酯基-4-脱氧-4-氨基-10-去氮杂蝶酸甲基酯(化合物3),对于TLC其是单一的,收率40%(485mg)。
将搅拌了的化合物3(400mg,0.95mmol)在2-甲氧基乙醇(5mL)中的混悬液用水(5mL)处理,然后用10%氢氧化钠溶液(3.9mL)处理。在室温下搅拌该混合物4小时,在此期间得到溶液。用乙酸调节该溶液pH值至8并在高真空下将其浓缩。将所得到残余物溶于15mL水并酸化至pH值5.5-5.8导致形成沉淀。收集所述沉淀,用水洗涤并真空干燥从而回收340mg化合物4(收获率91%)。HPLC分析表明产物纯度为90%。
通过在115-120℃、在15mL的DMSO中将化合物4(330mg)加热10分钟进行脱羧。在10分钟之后通过HPLC的试验证实所述转化基本上是完全的。通过在真空中(40℃恒温浴)蒸馏去除DMSO。将所述残余物用0.5N的NaOH搅拌从而得到一种透明溶液,用1NHCl酸化至pH值5.0得到黄色固体状的10-炔丙基-4-脱氧-4-氨基-10-去氮杂蝶酸(化合物5),收率70%。HPLC表明此阶段产物纯度在90%。
在含有三乙胺(148mg,1.46mmol)的DMF(10mL)中,使用BOP试剂(苯并三唑-1-基氧三(二甲基氨基)膦翁六氟磷酸盐(benzotriazole-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphoniumhexafluorophosphate,287mg,0.65mmol,Aldrich Chemical Co.)将化合物5(225mg,0.65mmol)与二甲基L-谷氨酸酯盐酸盐(137mg,0.65mmol)偶联。将该混合物在20-25℃搅拌3小时然后蒸干。将所述残余物用水搅拌,以及收集所述水不溶的粗产物并真空干燥。通过以含有三乙胺(0.25%,按体积)的CHCl3-MeOH(10∶1)洗脱的硅胶色谱法纯化该粗产物(350mg)从而回收165mg的10-炔丙基-10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤二甲酯(化合物6,50%收率),其对于TLC(CHCl3-MeOH 5∶1)是单一的。
将化合物6(165mg,0.326mmol)悬浮于10mL搅拌的MeOH中,该MeOH中被添加了0.72mL(0.72毫当量)1N的NaOH。在室温下继续搅拌直到数小时后得到溶液。将所述溶液保持在20-25℃持续8小时,然后用10mL水稀释。减压蒸发去除所述甲醇,并将所述浓缩了的含水溶液在20-25℃放置另外24小时。然后HPLC显示所述酯水解是完全的。将该透明含水溶液用乙酸酸化至pH值4.0从而沉淀浅黄固体状的10-炔丙基-10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤,所收集的、水洗涤了的并真空干燥了的产物重量为122mg(79%收率)。通过元素分析、质子NMR及质谱的评价试验都与所指定的结构完全一致。HPLC分析表明纯度为98%而且确定所述产物中无10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤。
Claims (7)
1.10-炔丙基-10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤在配制用于治疗T细胞淋巴瘤的药物中的应用,其中所述T细胞淋巴瘤是成熟或周边T细胞肿瘤。
2.根据权利要求1的应用,其中所述10-炔丙基-10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤基本上无10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤。
3. 权利要求1或2的应用,其中所述药物被配制用于以每剂30-275 mg/m2的量将10-炔丙基-10-去氮杂氨基蝶呤进行给药。
4.权利要求1-3任一项的应用,其中所述周边T细胞淋巴瘤是与HTLV相联系的T细胞淋巴瘤。
5.权利要求1-3任一项的应用,其中所述周边T细胞淋巴瘤是脂膜性T细胞淋巴瘤。
6.权利要求1-3中任一项的应用,其中所述药物被配制为用于治疗人类。
7.权利要求1-3中任一项的应用,其中所述药物被配制为口服液或可注射的溶液。
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US9901578B2 (en) | 2007-08-17 | 2018-02-27 | Allos Therapeutics, Inc. | Combination of 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin and erlotinib for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer |
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WO2010022277A2 (en) * | 2008-08-20 | 2010-02-25 | O'connor Owen A | Combination of 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin and bortezomib for the treatment of cancers |
WO2011096947A1 (en) | 2010-02-02 | 2011-08-11 | Allos Therapeutics, Inc. | Optically pure diastereomers of 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin and methods of using same |
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