CN102818756A - Method and device for determination of PM2.5 particles based on laser energy trap method - Google Patents
Method and device for determination of PM2.5 particles based on laser energy trap method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102818756A CN102818756A CN2012102755670A CN201210275567A CN102818756A CN 102818756 A CN102818756 A CN 102818756A CN 2012102755670 A CN2012102755670 A CN 2012102755670A CN 201210275567 A CN201210275567 A CN 201210275567A CN 102818756 A CN102818756 A CN 102818756A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for determination of a particle concentration in gas. The method and the device are especially suitable for determination of a PM2.5 particle concentration. Parallel laser beams emitted by a laser device are scattered by a light scatterer and then are emitted into a determination chamber by a light gathering device, wherein the interior of the determination chamber forms a spatial speckle field; or the parallel laser beams are gathered by a planoconvex lens and then is irradiated on a cross-grating so that zero-order diffraction light and first-order diffraction light are gathered in the determination chamber by a first objective lens and spatial optical lattices are formed. The spatial speckle field or the spatial optical lattices comprise energy traps and through adjustment, sizes of the energy traps are in a particle size peak value range in a required bound particle region. Through a calibration method, a particle concentration of a selected particle size region of gas needing to be detected is determined. The device provided by the invention has a simple structure and a low cost and can realize determination of particles having different sizes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ambient atmosphere collection and monitoring technical field, be specifically related to the assay method and the device of PM2.5 particle.The present invention can be multiple field of analytic instrument PM2.5 is provided analytic sample, can realize the on-line monitoring of PM2.5 simultaneously.
Background technology
Atmospheric environment has fundamental influence to people's health, and the pellet in the atmosphere is the emphasis of atmosphere environment supervision always.The PM2.5 particle is meant that diameter is less than or equal to 2.5 microns particle in the atmosphere, also claims to go into the lung particle.Because its particle diameter is little; Therefore be very easy to carry objectionable impuritiess such as a large amount of virus, bacterium, and be not easy deposition, the residence time is long in air; Fed distance is far away; Can directly get into bronchus after being inhaled into human body, disturb the gas exchange of lung, cause the disease that comprises aspects such as asthma, bronchitis and cardiovascular disease.
PM2.5 measures and promptly is meant the mensuration for the concentration of the PM2.5 particle in the atmosphere.Present existing PM2.5 assay method mainly contains methods such as gravimetric method, β rays method and trace vibration sedimentation balance method.Gravimetric method is that the PM2.5 particle directly is trapped on the filter membrane, weighs in the balance then heavily.Whether accurately gravimetric method is method the most reliably, be checking additive method mark post, still, needs manual work to weigh, and program is loaded down with trivial details time-consuming.The β rays method is that the PM2.5 particle is collected on the filter paper; Shine a branch of β ray then, decay owing to being scattered when the β ray passes filter paper and particle, the degree of decay and the weight of PM2.5 are directly proportional; Just can calculate the weight of PM2.5 particle according to ray attenuation, thus the concentration of calculating.The sampling membrane band homogeneous of this method hypothesis instrument and the PM2.5 practical physical character homogeneous of collection, and it leads identical to Beta-ray strength retrogression.But in the reality, this hypothesis often is false, so data generally also are considered to exist deviation, and this method is high in moist high-temperature area failure rate.Trace vibration sedimentation balance method is used a pluckings thin hollow glass tube, and thick head is fixing, and carefully head is equipped with filter core.Atmospheric sample advances and goes out from thin head from thick head, and PM2.5 just is trapped within on the filter core.Under effect of electric field, thin head is with the certain frequency vibration, and the square root of this frequency and thin nose heave amount is inversely proportional to.So, according to the variation of oscillation frequency, just can calculate the weight of the PM2.5 that collects, thus the concentration of calculating.When adopting this method, sample volatility and half volatile material have loss, need install film dynamic measurement system (FDMS) additional and calibrate, and need to change the FDMS water permeable membrane, and material cost is expensive, and need the professional and technical personnel to be operated to not a half day time.
These methods all need with the particle section of diameter greater than 2.5 μ m, make diameter can pass through less than the particle of 2.5 μ m with atmospheric samples to be measured earlier through the PM2.5 sampling cutter, this gas are measured again.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that (one) will solve
Technical matters to be solved by this invention proposes a kind of sampling and monitoring method and device of the PM2.5 particle based on the laser energy trapping method; With the sampling that solves existing P M2.5 particle and monitoring method and device must be earlier with gas through the PM2.5 sampling cutter, and device structure is complicated, cost is high, need the problem of replacing filter paper, complex operation.
(2) technical scheme
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention proposes the determinator of the granule density in a kind of measurement gas, is used for measuring the concentration of the interval particle of gas predetermined particle diameter to be measured, and this device comprises laser instrument, diffuser, optical concentrator and test chamber, and,
Said laser instrument is used to launch a collimated laser beam, and this collimated laser beam incides said test chamber via said optical concentrator again after said diffuser scattering, in said test chamber, forms the space speckle field, and this space speckle field comprises energy trapping,
Said test chamber is used to hold gas to be measured; And be positioned on the picture plane of said optical concentrator; Part particle in the said gas to be measured is fettered by said energy trapping; This bound particle grain size distribution and said energy trapping be relevant perpendicular to the size on the direction of propagation of said laser beam, can measure the concentration of the interval particle of predetermined particle diameter in the said gas to be measured according to the quantity of the particle of this size in bond and size distribution.
The present invention also proposes the multi-channel measuring device of the granule density in a kind of measurement gas; Be used for measuring the concentration of the interval particle of a plurality of predetermined particle diameter of gas to be measured; Comprise a plurality of sub-devices, each sub-device comprises laser instrument, diffuser, optical concentrator, the shared test chamber of a plurality of sub-devices; And
The laser instrument of said each sub-device is used to launch a collimated laser beam; This collimated laser beam incides said test chamber via the optical concentrator of this sub-device again after the diffuser scattering of this sub-device; In said test chamber, form a plurality of spaces speckle field; Said space speckle field comprises energy trapping
Said test chamber is used to hold gas to be measured; Its horizontal direction be centered close to said each sub- device optical concentrator the picture plane on; Particle diameter in the said gas to be measured is in that said a plurality of energy trapping size determined can bound particle grain size distribution peak region particle fettered by the energy trapping of each space speckle field; The quantity of the particle of these a plurality of sizes in bond and particle diameter distribute can be measured to measure the concentration of the particle in a plurality of predetermined particle diameter interval in the said gas to be measured
Wherein, The distance between the optical maser wavelength of said each sub-device, optical concentrator and the said picture plane and the aperture scale of this optical concentrator can be regulated, so that required particle grain size distribution in bond can particle grain size distribution peak region in bond what determined by the energy trapping size.
The present invention also proposes the determinator of the granule density in a kind of measurement gas, is used for measuring the concentration of the interval particle of gas predetermined particle diameter to be measured, it is characterized in that, comprises laser instrument, test chamber, plano-convex lens, orthogonal grating and first object lens,
Said laser instrument is used to launch a collimated laser beam; Said laser beam shines on the said orthogonal grating after said plano-convex lens is assembled; Produce 0 grade converges to the interior zone of said test chamber with 1 order diffraction light through said first object lens, and formation spatial light lattice comprises energy trapping in this spatial light lattice; This energy trapping can fetter the part particle; This bound particle grain size distribution is relevant with the size of said energy trapping, can measure the concentration of the interval particle of predetermined particle diameter in the said gas to be measured according to the quantity of the particle of this size in bond and size distribution
Said test chamber is used to hold said gas to be measured; Its horizontal direction is centered close on the picture plane of said first object lens; Said optical maser wavelength, first-order diffraction light can be regulated to distance, first-order diffraction light beam waist radius and first-order diffraction optical axis and the x axial rake parameter of x axle; So that required particle grain size distribution in bond can particle grain size distribution peak region in bond what determined by the energy trapping size, wherein the x direction of principal axis is the direction of propagation of the laser beam of said a plurality of sub-devices.
The present invention also proposes the multi-channel measuring device of the granule density in a kind of measurement gas; Be used for measuring the concentration of the interval particle of a plurality of predetermined particle diameter of gas to be measured; Comprise a plurality of sub-devices; Each sub-device comprises laser instrument, plano-convex lens, orthogonal grating and first object lens, the shared test chamber of a plurality of sub-devices, and
The laser instrument of said each sub-device is used to launch a collimated laser beam; Said laser beam shines on the orthogonal grating of this sub-device after the plano-convex lens of this sub-device is assembled; Produce 0 grade first object lens that passes through this sub-device with 1 order diffraction light converge to the interior zone of said test chamber, form a plurality of spatial light lattices, comprise energy trapping in this spatial light lattice; This energy trapping can fetter the part particle; This bound particle grain size distribution is relevant with the size of said energy trapping, the concentration that can measure the interval particle of predetermined particle diameter described in the said gas to be measured according to the quantity and the size distribution of the particle of this size in bond
Said test chamber is used to hold said gas to be measured; And be positioned at said each sub-device first object lens the picture plane on; The optical maser wavelength of said each sub-device, first-order diffraction light can be conditioned to distance, first-order diffraction light beam waist radius and first-order diffraction optical axis and the x axial rake parameter of x axle; So that required particle grain size distribution in bond can particle grain size distribution peak region in bond what determined by the energy trapping size, wherein the x direction of principal axis is the direction of propagation of the laser beam of said a plurality of sub-devices.
The present invention also proposes the multi-channel measuring device of the granule density in a kind of measurement gas, is used for measuring the concentration of the interval particle of a plurality of predetermined particle diameter of gas to be measured, it is characterized in that; Comprise at least one first sub-device and at least one second sub-device, wherein, the first sub-device comprises laser instrument, diffuser, optical concentrator; The second sub-device comprises laser instrument, plano-convex lens, orthogonal grating and first object lens; The shared test chamber of the said first sub-device and the second sub-device, and
Said test chamber is used to hold gas to be measured, its horizontal direction be centered close to the said first sub-device optical concentrator the picture plane on, and be positioned at the said second sub-device first object lens the picture plane on,
The laser instrument of the said first sub-device is used to launch a collimated laser beam; This collimated laser beam incides said test chamber via the optical concentrator of this first sub-device again after the diffuser scattering of this first sub-device; In said test chamber, form the space speckle field; This space speckle field comprises energy trapping, and the part particle in the said gas to be measured is fettered by said energy trapping, and this bound particle grain size distribution and said energy trapping are relevant perpendicular to the size on the direction of propagation of said laser beam; Can measure the concentration of the interval particle of predetermined particle diameter in the said gas to be measured according to the quantity of the particle of this size in bond and size distribution
The aperture scale as the distance between the plane and this optical concentrator of the optical maser wavelength of the said first sub-device, optical concentrator and the first sub-device can be regulated, so that said particle in bond is of a size of a plurality of said predetermined particle diameter interval,
The laser instrument of the said second sub-device is used to launch a collimated laser beam; Said laser beam shines on the orthogonal grating of the said second sub-device after the plano-convex lens of the said second sub-device is assembled; Produce 0 grade first object lens that passes through the said second sub-device with 1 order diffraction light converge to the interior zone of said test chamber; Form the spatial light lattice; Comprise energy trapping in this spatial light lattice, this energy trapping can fetter the part particle, and this bound particle grain size distribution is relevant with the size of said energy trapping; The concentration that can measure the interval particle of predetermined particle diameter described in the said gas to be measured according to the quantity and the size distribution of the particle of this size in bond
The optical maser wavelength of the said second sub-device, optical lattice place first-order diffraction light can be regulated to distance, first-order diffraction light beam waist radius and first-order diffraction optical axis and the x axial rake parameter of x axle; So that required particle grain size distribution in bond can particle grain size distribution peak region in bond what determined by the energy trapping size, wherein the x direction of principal axis is the direction of propagation of the laser beam of said a plurality of sub-devices.
The present invention also proposes the assay method of the granule density in a kind of measurement gas, is used for measuring the concentration of the interval particle of gas predetermined particle diameter to be measured, comprises the steps:
Launch a collimated laser beam; Make this collimated laser beam through after assembling, inciding a test chamber again after the diffuser scattering; In said test chamber, form the space speckle field; This space speckle field comprises energy trapping, and the part particle in the said gas to be measured is fettered by said space speckle field
Measure the quantity and the size distribution of this bound particle, thereby measure the concentration of the particle of the distribution of predetermined particle diameter described in the said gas to be measured.
The present invention also proposes the assay method of the granule density in a kind of measurement gas, is used for measuring the concentration of the interval particle of gas predetermined particle diameter to be measured, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Launch a collimated laser beam, this laser beam is shone after assembling produce 0 grade and 1 order diffraction light on the orthogonal grating, make this diffraction light converge to the interior zone of a test chamber again; Form the spatial light lattice; Comprise energy trapping in this spatial light lattice, can fetter the part particle
Quantity and the size distribution of measuring this bound particle is with the concentration of the particle measuring predetermined particle diameter described in the said gas to be measured and distribute.
(3) beneficial effect
The present invention need not just can directly sample to the PM2.5 particle and measure through the PM2.5 sampling cutter, and method is simply efficient, need not change filter paper.Specifically, many luminous energy trap constraint PM2.5 particles that the present invention utilizes space speckle field or spatial light lattice to form, with respect to existing PM2.5 determinator, its advantage has: the detection light channel structure of (1) device of the present invention is simple, realizes easily; (2) each ingredient of device of the present invention is cheap, so cost is lower; (3) the present invention can realize the mensuration to different size particles through each component parameters in the light path system; (4) the present invention need not change filter membrane, reduces the manually-operated amount; (5) PM2.5 determinator volume of the present invention is little, in light weight, easy to carry; (6) apparatus and method of the present invention can realize that the hyperchannel classification monitors in real time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the design sketch of laser speckle field;
Fig. 2 is the spatial intensity distribution synoptic diagram of the observed optical lattice of different angles;
Fig. 3 is based on the image of spatial light lattice energy trap constraint particle;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the device of the PM2.5 particle being measured based on laser speckle field of embodiments of the invention 1;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation based on the determinator of the hyperchannel classification The real time measure PM2.5 particle of laser speckle field energy trapping of embodiments of the invention 2;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation based on the PM2.5 particle determinator of the spatial light lattice energy trap that orthogonal grating produced of embodiments of the invention 3;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation based on the determinator of the hyperchannel classification The real time measure PM2.5 particle of spatial light lattice energy trap of embodiments of the invention 4;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation based on the determinator of the hyperchannel classification The real time measure PM2.5 particle of space speckle field and spatial light lattice energy trap combination of embodiments of the invention 5.
Embodiment
What the present invention proposed is a kind of PM2.5 assay method and device of innovation.The present invention based on principle be, through regulating the light field energy distribution that continuous laser beam produces, be formed with the 3D grid of a plurality of light field energy trappings, the same as a large amount of light bottles, can fetter the particle of a large amount of micron dimensions in the sample gas.It is interval to change required constraint particle grain size through the size of regulating energy trapping, realizes the sampling to PM2.5 particle in the sample gas.The quantity and the size distribution of the particle that can be bound to through the CCD observed and recorded simultaneously obtain the distribution measuring value of particle diameter in the sample gas.Confirm constraint quantity and relationship between quality through demarcating in advance, thereby draw PM2.5 concentration in the sample gas.
For realizing having the 3 d light fields of a plurality of light field energy trappings to distribute, the present invention adopts laser speckle field method and orthogonal grid raster method.At first introduce the principle of these two kinds of methods and the basic structure of device below:
One, laser speckle field method
(the emission Wavelength of Laser is λ by laser instrument; Width of light beam is D) send continuous laser beam irradiation ground glass scatterer
inch; 1500 sand; 6 ° of the angles of divergence) after after optical concentrator (focal length the is f) convergence, form a stable space speckle field on the picture plane.The space speckle field contains a plurality of energy trappings, and as many small light bottles, optionally the particle with the certain size size is strapped in the light bottle; And other big or small particles can flow out, thereby realize the PM2.5 particle is measured (Vladlen G.Shvedov, Andrei V.Rode; Yana V.Izdebskaya, Anton S.Desyatnikov, Wieslaw Krolikowski and Yuri S.Kivshar; " Selective trapping of multiple particles by volume speckle field ", OPTICS EXPRESS, Vol.18; 3137,2010).
During with height coherent light (like laser) irradiation diffuse reflection surface or non-homogeneous transparent medium; Utilize imaging len that illuminated diffusion object (comprising diffuse reflection and transmission) is formed images; In the space of lens back, will form the speckle field of stochastic distribution, this speckle field is called subjective speckle.Though the structure of speckle is at random, for non-homogeneous transparent medium of confirming and the laser illuminator light source of confirming, its corresponding speckle field is also confirmed.As being respectively perpendicular to light ray propagation direction and the size that is parallel to the speckle particle of light ray propagation direction on the plane:
Wherein λ is an optical maser wavelength, and Za is the distance that lens arrive the picture plane, and Da is lens stop size (J.W.Goodman, Speckle Phenomena in Optics (Ben Roberts and Co., CO, 2007).The distance between said optical maser wavelength, lens and the said picture plane and the aperture scale of said lens can be regulated, so that said particle in bond is of a size of the predetermined particle diameter interval.
Fig. 1 is the design sketch of laser speckle field in the space.As shown in Figure 1, bar-shaped object is represented speckle particle, and the spherical object representative is bound in the particle in the energy trapping.Through CCD the laser speckle field in this space is carried out real time record, and recorded information is input in the computer.The light of particle scattering in bond forms images on the CCD target surface, and the image that CCD receives is handled quantity and the size distribution that obtains particle in bond, thereby draws the concentration of the particle of said predetermined particle diameter distribution.
Based on the formed energy trapping of laser speckle field the particle diameter of the molecule that fettered is had selectivity, its constraint molecule principle is following:
The three dimensions speckle particle is separated by a lot of black regions, and these black regions are exactly many luminous energy traps.The luminous energy trap is just as small one by one light bottle, can with in the gas to be measured the constraint of part particle, relevant between bound particle grain size peak region with the size of energy trapping on the vertical direction of the laser beam direction of propagation.Through regulating the size of energy trapping on the vertical direction of the laser beam direction of propagation, can regulate between bound particle grain size distribution peak region.Owing to laser wavelength lambda, all be adjustable to the value apart from the aperture size Da of Za and lens of lens,, can control between particle grain size distribution peak region in bond through the value of adjusting λ, Za and Da as the plane.And, therefore can realize the mensuration of the concentration of the interval particle of predetermined particle diameter through demarcation to determinator because the concentration of particle grain size distribution in bond and its particle in predetermined particle diameter interval in gas to be measured has correlativity.Because when the received image of CCD is handled, can the particle data of particle diameter greater than 2.5 μ m be neglected, only handle the particle of particle diameter, so this device is used for PM2 less than 2.5 μ m, need before monitoring system, not add the PM2.5 cutter during 5 monitorings.
Two, orthogonal grid raster method
The parallel beam that laser instrument produces converges on the cross diffraction grating through plano-convex lens, and 0 grade and 1 order diffraction light transmission Amici prism of generation converge to certain zone through an image-forming objective lens again; Form optical lattice, produce the lot of energy trap, can fetter the particle of certain size size; Thereby realize to the PM2.5 particle sampling (referring to Vladlen G.Shvedov, Cyril Hnatovsky, Natalia Shostka; Andrei V.Rode and Wieslaw Krolikowski, " Optical manipul ation of particle ensemble s in air ", OPTICS LETTERS; Vol.37,1934,2012).
Fig. 2 is the spatial intensity distribution synoptic diagram of the observed optical lattice of different angles.As shown in Figure 2, white arrow is the laser propagation direction, and wherein: (a) figure of Fig. 2 is the particle along the three-dimensional branch of the light intensity territory that direction of beam propagation is observed, just Butut; (b) figure is the light intensity three-dimensional distribution map of observing in face of direction of beam propagation; (c) figure is the light intensity three-dimensional distribution map that side surface direction is observed.Visible by Fig. 2, the space distribution of optical lattice many dark spaces, forms energy trapping, can with in the gas to be measured the constraint of part particle, the size of bound particle is relevant with the size of energy trapping.Through regulating the size of energy trapping on the vertical direction of the laser beam direction of propagation, can regulate bound particle grain size distribution interval.In Fig. 2, the bigger zone of light intensity is represented in the clear zone, and the dark space between the clear zone is the lower energy trapping of light intensity energy.The light that another bundle white light source sends reflects on Amici prism, gets into first image-forming objective lens then, and the illumination constraint is distinguished in observing particle.Need to place a wave filter with the identical wavelength of laser instrument behind second image-forming objective lens, it can weaken the light intensity of laser, shines the regional white light of optical lattice and can see through optical filter, and received by CCD.Through the peaceful shifted raster of simple rotation, can reach the effect of corresponding rotation and translation particle.The received image of CCD is handled quantity and the size distribution that obtains particle in bond, thereby can calculate the concentration of particle in bond.Through regulating optical wavelength, first-order diffraction light distance, first-order diffraction light beam waist radius and first-order diffraction optical axis and x axial rake parameter to the x axle; Can control between particle grain size distribution peak region in bond, wherein the x direction is the direction of propagation of the laser beam of said a plurality of sub-devices.And, therefore can realize the mensuration of the concentration of the interval particle of predetermined particle diameter through demarcation to determinator because the concentration of particle grain size distribution in bond and its particle in predetermined particle diameter interval in gas to be measured has correlativity.
Based on the formed luminous energy trap of spatial light lattice the particle diameter of the molecule that fettered is had selectivity, principle of its constraint molecule is following:
The spatial light lattice is separated by a lot of black regions, and these black regions are exactly many luminous energy traps.The luminous energy trap can fetter the part particle in the gas to be measured just as small one by one light bottle, and is relevant with the size of energy trapping on the vertical direction of the laser beam direction of propagation between particle grain size peak region in bond.Through regulating the energy trapping size, can regulate between bound particle grain size distribution peak region.Because luminous energy trap size and optical maser wavelength, first-order diffraction light are to distance, first-order diffraction light beam waist radius and first-order diffraction optical axis and the x axial rake relating to parameters of x axle; Through regulating optical maser wavelength, first-order diffraction light distance, first-order diffraction light beam waist radius and first-order diffraction optical axis and x axial rake parameter to the x axle; Can control between particle grain size distribution peak region in bond, wherein the x direction of principal axis is the laser propagation direction.Because particle grain size distribution in bond and its concentration of in gas to be measured, subscribing the particle of size have correlativity, so can pass through demarcation, realize subscribing the mensuration of the concentration of sized particles determinator.Owing to when the received image of CCD is handled, can the particle data of particle diameter greater than 2.5 μ m be neglected, only handle the particle of particle diameter, so this device is used for need before monitoring system, not adding the PM2.5 cutter when PM2.5 monitors less than 2.5 μ m.
Fig. 3 is based on the image of spatial light lattice energy trap constraint particle.(1), (2), (3) figure are for being rotated counterclockwise orthogonal grating, the also corresponding rotation of the optical lattice space distribution of generation, the also corresponding thereupon rotation of the particle that is fettered (black round dot) among Fig. 3; (4), (5), (6) figure are the translation grating; The also corresponding translation of optical lattice space distribution that produces; The also corresponding thereupon translation of the particle that is fettered (black round dot); This shows that the optical lattice that is produced by orthogonal grating has the constraint effect to the particle of some size, can be used to realize sampling and the monitoring of PM2.5.
For making the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer,, and, the present invention is done further detailed description with reference to accompanying drawing below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1: based on the PM2.5 particle determinator and the assay method thereof of laser speckle field energy trapping
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the device of the PM2.5 particle being measured based on laser speckle field of embodiments of the invention 1.As shown in Figure 4; The inventive system comprises laser instrument 1, diffuser 2, optical concentrator 3, test chamber 4, imaging len 5 and CCD 6, wherein laser instrument 1 is used to launch a collimated laser beam, and the direction of propagation of laser beam is the x direction among the figure; In this embodiment, the x direction is a horizontal direction; The flow direction of gas to be measured is the y direction among the figure, and in this embodiment, the y direction is a vertical direction, and is vertical with the x direction.Laser instrument 1 emitted light beams incides test chamber 4 via an optical concentrator 3 after through a diffuser 2 again.2 pairs of laser instrument emitted laser of diffuser are carried out scattering; Laser through scattering incides test chamber 4 through optical concentrator 3; Test chamber 4 is used to hold gas to be measured; Its horizontal direction is centered close on the picture plane of said optical concentrator 3, so-called as the plane be meant optical concentrator for diffuser on the imaging plane of laser of scattering.After laser got into said test chamber 4, the particle that meets the aforementioned dimensions condition in the gas to be measured was in bond, and the light of the surface scattering of bound particle is received by CCD 6 behind imaging len 5.
Among the embodiment as shown in Figure 4, imaging len 5 is that its axis is vertical with the xy plane that the y direction constitutes with the x direction with the CCD6 modes of emplacement.
Among the embodiment as shown in Figure 4, laser instrument 1 adopts semiconductor laser, and its wavelength X is 532nm, and width of light beam D is 2.6mm, and it sends continuous laser beam.Diffuser 2 is that its scattering angle of frosted glass diffusion sheet is 6 °.Optical concentrator 3 is to be made up of lens, and its focal distance f is 25mm, and laser is forming stable space speckle field as plane domain after assembling.
Among the embodiment as shown in Figure 4, between diffusion sheet 2 and the lens 3 is 140mm apart from Zo, to as the plane be 30.4mm apart from Za, image width degree Db is 570 μ m, lens stop Da is 23mm.Speckle is along the size ε that is parallel to the laser propagation direction
||With the size ε of edge perpendicular to the laser propagation direction
⊥Be respectively:
Thus, through the distance between adjusting optical maser wavelength, said optical concentrator 3 and the said picture plane and the aperture scale of said optical concentrator 3, can make said particle grain size distribution in bond and ε
⊥The relation of exist confirming, this relation for example are with near ε
⊥Similar normal state distribution relation for central peak.
And, therefore can realize the mensuration of the concentration of the interval particle of predetermined particle diameter through demarcation to determinator because the concentration of particle grain size distribution in bond and its particle in predetermined particle diameter interval in gas to be measured also has correlativity.Among the embodiment as shown in Figure 4, when using device of the present invention, gas to be measured is sent into test chamber 4, test chamber 4 comprises gas access and gas vent, is respectively applied for to send into and discharge gas.The shell of test chamber can be made up of the good glass of light transmission, and is coated with the anti-reflection film identical with optical maser wavelength, so that the transmission of laser beam and CCD receive the light of particle scattering.
The image that CCD received is input in the computing machine, discerns the size and the quantity of bound particle through specific control program, thereby can add up the quantity of particles with different sizes, obtains particle grain size distribution.The pairing quality of individual particle of known different sizes multiply by corresponding quantity with this quality, can obtain the quality of different-grain diameter particle.Because the particle of not all size is all in bond; Bound particle is similar normal state near the center that is of a size of with the luminous energy trap and distributes; Therefore need to draw the weight of the particle of particle grain size distribution in bond and each size then, compare with each dimensional weight of the gas that feeds through feeding the particles of different sizes of definite quality; The particle in bond that draws each size accounts for the number percent that feeds this size in the gas, realizes the demarcation to device.Adopt determinator of the present invention; Through regulating optical maser wavelength, optical concentrator to the distance on picture plane and the aperture scale of optical concentrator; Obtain suitable luminous energy trap, make the normal distribution peak value of size of bound particle, and calculate each sized particles quantity that size in the particle of constraint is less than or equal to 2.5 μ m near 2.5 μ m; Multiply by the weight of corresponding size individual particle and remove the number percent that is captured in this size, can obtain feeding the weight of each size in the gas.With the weight addition of each sized particles, obtain feeding the general assembly (TW) of PM2.5 in the gas, divided by feeding gas volume, can obtain PM2.5 concentration.
Among the embodiment as shown in Figure 4, after sampling a period of time, stop to feed gas, close laser instrument, make that the binding force to the particle that has been bound to disappears, do not have particle this moment in bond, can catch particle again.So recycle, need not change filter paper.
Embodiment 2: based on the determinator and the assay method thereof of the hyperchannel classification The real time measure PM2.5 particle of laser speckle field energy trapping
Fig. 5 is the structural representation based on the determinator of the hyperchannel classification The real time measure molecule of laser speckle field energy trapping of embodiments of the invention 2.As shown in Figure 5; Two devices as shown in Figure 4 are integrated together as sub-device; The picture plane that makes them is on same plane; The energy trapping size of each sub-device is different, the speckle field at air flow inlet place produce the energy trapping size maximum, the energy trapping size from the air flow inlet to the air flow outlet reduces successively.But, the invention is not restricted to the situation of two sub-means as shown in Figure 5, as required, also can this embodiment be expanded into the device that passes through more than two sub-means more.
As shown in Figure 5, wherein test chamber 4, imaging len 5 and CCD 6 are shared, and laser instrument 1, frosted glass diffusion sheet 2 and optical concentrator 3 are that each device all needs to use separately.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, imaging len 5 is that its axis is vertical with the xy plane with the CCD6 modes of emplacement.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 5, the laser beam sent of the laser instrument 1,1 ' of each sub-device through light diffusion sheet 2,2 ' after optical concentrator 3,3 ' arrives test chamber 4.Because wavelength X, Da (aperture size of optical concentrator) and the Za of each sub-device (optical concentrator is to the distance on picture plane) difference, resulting energy trapping size is also different, can fetter the interval particle of different size.Regulate different sub-devices, make the picture plane of a few height devices on same plane, can be public imaging len 5 carry out IMAQ with CCD6.
When gas to be measured flows in the test chamber; The formed luminous energy trap of the speckle field of porch is maximum; The interval peak value of the size distribution of the particle in bond of this energy trapping size decision is maximum; The particle that meets the demands is prone in bond, fails bound particle to continue to flow forward, gets into next speckle field.So; Satisfy the interval particle of different-grain diameter respectively test chamber different regional in bond firmly; Calibration value through being done with embodiment 1 compares, and can obtain the quantity and the size distribution of zones of different particle in bond respectively, thereby obtain the granule density in the gas to be measured.
Among the embodiment as shown in Figure 5, after sampling a period of time, stop to feed gas, close laser instrument, make that the binding force to the particle that has been bound to disappears, do not have particle this moment in bond, can catch particle again.So recycle, need not change filter paper.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation based on the PM2.5 particle determinator of the spatial light lattice energy trap that orthogonal grating produced of embodiments of the invention 3.As shown in Figure 6, the device of this embodiment 3 comprises laser instrument 1, test chamber 4, CCD 6, plano-convex lens 7, orthogonal grating 8, beam splitter 9, white light source 10, first object lens 11, second object lens 12, optical filter 13.
Among the embodiment as shown in Figure 6, laser instrument 1 is used to launch a collimated laser beam, and the direction of propagation of this laser beam is defined as the x direction, and in this embodiment, the x direction is a horizontal direction; Gas flow to be measured is the y direction, and in this embodiment, the y direction is a vertical direction, and is vertical with the x direction.Laser instrument 1 emitted laser bundle shines on the orthogonal grating 8 after plano-convex lens 7 is assembled; Produce diffraction light, said beam splitter is between said orthogonal grating 8 and said first object lens 11, and produced by orthogonal grating 80 grade and the said beam splitter 9 of 1 order diffraction light transmission incide said first object lens 11; Converge to test chamber 4 interior zones through first object lens 11 again; Form the spatial light lattice, wherein comprise the lot of energy trap, can fetter the particle of part.Said test chamber 4 is used to hold gas to be measured, and its horizontal direction is centered close on the picture plane of said first object lens 11.
Said white light source 10 is used to launch an illumination light, and these illumination light process beam splitter 9 reflection backs see through first object lens 11, shine spatial light lattice zone, and the light after the transmission is received by CCD6 behind second object lens 12 and optical filter 13.
Among the embodiment as shown in Figure 6, laser instrument 1 adopts semiconductor laser, and its wavelength X is 532nm, and width of light beam D is 2.6mm, and it sends continuous laser beam.The spacing of orthogonal grating 8 is 20 μ m, and laser is through producing diffraction light behind the orthogonal grating, and the upper diffraction light is dispersed, and 0 grade and 1 order diffraction light transmission Amici prism form the spatial light lattice after first object lens 11 are assembled, wherein contain a lot of energy trappings.
Among the embodiment as shown in Figure 6, the modes of emplacement of second lens 12, optical filter 13 and CCD 6 is that its axis overlaps with the x axle, and the x axle is the laser propagation direction.Wherein optical filter 13 is used to filter most of light that is sent by laser instrument between second lens 12 and CCD 6.
Among the embodiment as shown in Figure 6; Because energy trapping size and optical maser wavelength, first-order diffraction light are to distance, first-order diffraction light beam waist radius and first-order diffraction optical axis and the x axial rake relating to parameters of x axle; Through regulating optical maser wavelength, first-order diffraction light distance, first-order diffraction light beam waist radius and first-order diffraction optical axis and x axial rake parameter, can obtain required energy trapping size to the x axle.
Among the embodiment as shown in Figure 6; The gas that will contain the particle (0.1 μ m～10 μ m) that size do not wait is sent in the test chamber; As shown in Figure 6; The particle that spatial light lattice zone at picture plane place, particle diameter are positioned at the grain diameter peak region in bond of energy trapping decision is prone in bond, and the particle of other sizes is not easy in bond and flows out.Bound image is received by CCD.The image that CCD received is input in the computing machine, discerns the size and the quantity of bound particle through specific written program, from but can add up the quantity of particles with different sizes, obtain particle grain size distribution.The pairing quality of individual particle of known different sizes multiply by corresponding quantity with this quality, can obtain the quality of different-grain diameter particle.Because the particle of not all size is all in bond; Bound particle is similar normal state near the center that is of a size of with the luminous energy trap and distributes; Therefore need to draw the weight of the particle of particle grain size distribution in bond and each size then, compare with each dimensional weight of the gas that feeds through feeding the particles of different sizes of definite quality; The particle in bond that draws each size accounts for the number percent that feeds this size in the gas, realizes the demarcation to device.
Adopt device of the present invention; Luminous energy trap size and optical maser wavelength, first-order diffraction light are to distance, first-order diffraction light beam waist radius and first-order diffraction optical axis and the x axial rake relating to parameters of x axle; Through regulating optical maser wavelength, first-order diffraction light distance, first-order diffraction light beam waist radius and first-order diffraction optical axis and x axial rake parameter to the x axle; Obtain suitable luminous energy trap; Make the normal distribution peak value of size of bound particle near 2.5 μ m; And calculate the amounts of particles that size in the particle of constraint is less than or equal to 2.5 μ m, and multiply by the weight of corresponding size individual particle and remove the number percent that is captured in this size, can obtain feeding the weight of each size in the gas.With the weight addition of each sized particles, obtain feeding the general assembly (TW) of PM2.5 in the gas, divided by feeding gas volume, can obtain PM2.5 concentration.
Among the embodiment as shown in Figure 6, after sampling a period of time, stop to feed gas, close laser instrument, make that the binding force to the particle that has been bound to disappears, do not have particle this moment in bond, can catch particle again.So recycle, need not change filter paper.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation based on the determinator of the hyperchannel classification The real time measure molecule of spatial light lattice energy trap of the embodiment of the invention 4.Be integrated together as sub-device overlapping device shown in Figure 6 more; The optical lattice energy trapping size of each sub-device is different; As shown in Figure 7, the spatial light lattice that every cover system produces all is positioned at test chamber 4, and the size of the energy trapping of every covering device is different; The energy trapping size that the speckle field at air flow inlet place produces is maximum, and the energy trapping size from the air flow inlet to the air flow outlet reduces successively.Wherein test chamber 4 is shared, and laser instrument 1, CCD6, plano-convex lens 7, cross diffraction grating 8, light beam splitter 9, white light source 10, first object lens 11, second object lens 12 and optical filter 13 are that every cover system all needs to use separately.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 7; The laser beam that the laser instrument 1 of each sub-device sends shines on the orthogonal grating 8 after assembling through plano-convex lens 7; 0 grade and 1 order diffraction light transmission beam splitter 9 producing are converging to test chamber 4 interior zones through first object lens 11, form optical lattice; Produce a large amount of luminous energy traps, can fetter the interval particle of certain size.White light source 10 illumination light process beam splitter 9 reflection backs see through first object lens 11, shine the optical lattice zone, and the light of optical lattice zone transmission is received by CCD6 behind second object lens 12 and optical filter 13.
Among the embodiment as shown in Figure 7; The different sub device adopts different laser wavelength, first-order diffraction light distance, first-order diffraction light beam waist radius and first-order diffraction optical axis and the x axial rake parameter to the x axle; The energy trapping size that produces is also different; Can fetter the interval particle of different size, wherein the x direction of principal axis is the laser propagation direction.When gas to be measured flows in the test chamber; The formed luminous energy trap of the spatial light lattice size of porch is maximum; The interval peak value of the size distribution of the particle in bond of this energy trapping size decision is maximum, and the particle that meets the demands is prone in bond, fails bound particle to continue to flow forward; Get into next spatial light crystal field.So; Satisfy the interval particle of different-grain diameter respectively test chamber different regional in bond firmly; Calibration value through being done with embodiment 3 compares, and can obtain the quantity and the size distribution of zones of different particle in bond respectively, thereby obtain the granule density in the gas to be measured.
Among the embodiment as shown in Figure 7, after sampling a period of time, stop to feed gas, close laser instrument, make that the binding force to the particle that has been bound to disappears, do not have particle this moment in bond, can catch particle again.So recycle, need not change filter paper.
Fig. 8 is the structural representation based on the determinator of the hyperchannel classification The real time measure molecule of space speckle field and spatial light lattice energy trap combination of the embodiment of the invention 5.A plurality of Fig. 4 and device shown in Figure 6 are integrated together (being called the first sub-device and the second sub-device respectively) as sub-device; The energy trapping size that each sub-device produced is different; As shown in Figure 8, space speckle field and spatial light lattice all are positioned at test chamber 4, and the size of the energy trapping of each sub-device is different; The energy trapping size at air flow inlet place is maximum, and the energy trapping size from the air flow inlet to the air flow outlet reduces successively.Wherein test chamber 4 is public; The imaging len 5 and the CCD 6 of a plurality of sub-devices as shown in Figure 4 is public; A plurality of laser instrument as shown in Figure 41, frosted glass diffusion sheet 2, optical concentrator 3 are that each sub-device all needs to use separately, and the laser instrument 1 ' of a plurality of sub-devices as shown in Figure 6, plano-convex lens 7, orthogonal grating 8, light beam splitter 9, white light source 10, first object lens 11, second object lens 12, optical filter 13 and CCD 6 ' also are that each sub-device all needs use separately.Be that test chamber 4 is used to hold gas to be measured, its horizontal direction be centered close to the said first sub-device optical concentrator the picture plane on, and be positioned at the said second sub-device first object lens the picture plane on,
In the embodiment shown in fig. 8, each laser beam of sending based on laser instrument 1 in the first sub-device of space speckle field generation luminous energy trap is recorded a demerit light diffusion sheet 2 after optical concentrator 3 arrives test chambers 4.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 8; After assembling through plano-convex lens 7, each laser beam of sending based on laser instrument 1 ' in the second sub-device of spatial light lattice generation luminous energy trap shines on the orthogonal grating 8; 0 grade and 1 order diffraction light transmission beam splitter 9 producing are converging to test chamber 4 interior zones through first object lens 11, form optical lattice; Produce a large amount of luminous energy traps, can fetter the interval particle of certain grain size.White light source 10 illumination light process beam splitter 9 reflection backs see through first object lens 11, shine the optical lattice zone, and the light in optical lattice zone is received by CCD6 ' behind second object lens 12 and optical filter 13.
Among the embodiment as shown in Figure 8, the luminous energy trap size that each sub-device produces is different, and size reduces from the air flow inlet to the air flow outlet successively.When gas to be measured flows in the test chamber; The luminous energy trap size of porch is maximum; The interval peak value of the size distribution of the particle in bond of this energy trapping size decision is maximum; The particle that meets the demands is prone in bond, fails bound particle to continue to flow forward, gets into next energy trapping field.So, satisfy the interval particle of different-grain diameter and firmly compare different regional in bond of test chamber respectively through the calibration value of being done with embodiment 3, can obtain the weight of zones of different particle in bond respectively.
Among the embodiment as shown in Figure 8, after sampling a period of time, stop to feed gas, close laser instrument, make that the binding force to the particle that has been bound to disappears, do not have particle this moment in bond, can catch particle again.So recycle, need not change filter paper.
Above-described specific embodiment; The object of the invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect have been carried out further explain, it should be understood that the above is merely specific embodiment of the present invention; Be not limited to the present invention; All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being made, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (24)
1. the determinator of the granule density in the measurement gas is used for measuring the concentration of the interval particle of gas predetermined particle diameter to be measured, it is characterized in that this device comprises laser instrument (1), diffuser (2), optical concentrator (3) and test chamber (4), and,
Said laser instrument is used to launch a collimated laser beam, and this collimated laser beam incides said test chamber via said optical concentrator again after said diffuser scattering, in said test chamber, forms the space speckle field, and this space speckle field comprises energy trapping,
Said test chamber is used to hold gas to be measured; And be positioned on the picture plane of said optical concentrator; Part particle in the said gas to be measured is fettered by said energy trapping; This bound particle grain size distribution and said energy trapping be relevant perpendicular to the size on the direction of propagation of said laser beam, can measure the concentration of the interval particle of predetermined particle diameter in the said gas to be measured according to the quantity of the particle of this size in bond and size distribution.
2. the determinator of the granule density in the measurement gas as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; The distance between wavelength, said optical concentrator and the said picture plane of said laser instrument institute emitted laser bundle and the aperture scale of said optical concentrator can be regulated, so that required particle grain size distribution in bond can particle grain size distribution peak region in bond what determined by the energy trapping size.
3. the determinator of the granule density in the measurement gas as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, said predetermined particle diameter interval is that diameter is less than or equal to 2.5 microns.
4. the determinator of the granule density in the measurement gas as claimed in claim 3; It is characterized in that the value that aperture scale Da satisfies
apart from Za and said optical concentrator between said laser wavelength lambda, optical concentrator and the said picture plane is in the interval peak region of required size up.
5. the determinator of the granule density in the measurement gas as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Also comprise imaging len (5) and CCD (6); The light of the surface scattering of said bound particle is received by said CCD behind said imaging len, through the received image of CCD is handled quantity and the size distribution that obtains particle in bond, can calculate the concentration of the interval particle of said predetermined particle diameter.
6. the determinator of the granule density in the measurement gas as claimed in claim 5; It is characterized in that; Said imaging len is that its axis is vertical with the xy plane that the y direction constitutes with the x direction with the CCD modes of emplacement; Wherein the x direction is the direction of propagation of said laser beam, and said y direction is gas flow to be measured.
7. the multi-channel measuring device of the granule density in the measurement gas is used for measuring the concentration of the interval particle of a plurality of predetermined particle diameter of gas to be measured, it is characterized in that; Comprise a plurality of sub-devices, each sub-device comprises laser instrument (1,1 '), diffuser (2; 2 '), optical concentrator (3,3 '), the shared test chambers of a plurality of sub-devices (4); And
The laser instrument of said each sub-device is used to launch a collimated laser beam; This collimated laser beam incides said test chamber via the optical concentrator of this sub-device again after the diffuser scattering of this sub-device; In said test chamber, form a plurality of spaces speckle field; Said space speckle field comprises energy trapping
Said test chamber is used to hold gas to be measured; Its horizontal direction be centered close to said each sub- device optical concentrator the picture plane on; Particle diameter in the said gas to be measured is in that said a plurality of energy trapping size determined can bound particle grain size distribution peak region particle fettered by the energy trapping of each space speckle field; The quantity of the particle of these a plurality of sizes in bond and particle diameter distribute can be measured to measure the concentration of the particle in a plurality of predetermined particle diameter interval in the said gas to be measured
Wherein, The distance between the optical maser wavelength of said each sub-device, optical concentrator and the said picture plane and the aperture scale of this optical concentrator can be regulated, so that required particle grain size distribution in bond can particle grain size distribution peak region in bond what determined by the energy trapping size.
8. the multi-channel measuring device of the granule density in the measurement gas as claimed in claim 7; It is characterized in that; Also comprise imaging len (5) and CCD (6); The light of the surface scattering of the particle of said bound a plurality of sizes is received by said CCD behind said imaging len, through the received image of CCD is handled quantity and the size distribution that obtains particle in bond, thereby calculates the concentration of the particle that said a plurality of predetermined particle diameter distributes.
9. the multi-channel measuring device of the granule density in the measurement gas as claimed in claim 8; It is characterized in that; The modes of emplacement of said imaging len and CCD is that its axis is vertical with the xy plane that the y direction constitutes with the x direction; Wherein the x direction is the direction of propagation of the laser beam of said a plurality of sub-devices, and said y direction is gas flow to be measured.
10. the determinator of the granule density in the measurement gas is used for measuring the concentration of the interval particle of gas predetermined particle diameter to be measured, it is characterized in that, comprises laser instrument (1), test chamber (4), plano-convex lens (7), orthogonal grating (8) and first object lens (11),
Said laser instrument is used to launch a collimated laser beam; Said laser beam shines on the said orthogonal grating after said plano-convex lens is assembled; Produce 0 grade converges to the interior zone of said test chamber with 1 order diffraction light through said first object lens, and formation spatial light lattice comprises energy trapping in this spatial light lattice; This energy trapping can fetter the part particle; This bound particle grain size distribution is relevant with the size of said energy trapping, can measure the concentration of the interval particle of predetermined particle diameter in the said gas to be measured according to the quantity of the particle of this size in bond and size distribution
Said test chamber is used to hold said gas to be measured; Its horizontal direction is centered close on the picture plane of said first object lens; Said optical maser wavelength, first-order diffraction light can be regulated to distance, first-order diffraction light beam waist radius and first-order diffraction optical axis and the x axial rake parameter of x axle; So that required particle grain size distribution in bond can particle grain size distribution peak region in bond what determined by the energy trapping size, wherein the x direction of principal axis is the direction of propagation of the laser beam of said a plurality of sub-devices.
11. the determinator of the granule density in the measurement gas as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, also comprises beam splitter (9), white light source (10), second object lens (12) and CCD (6),
Said beam splitter (9) is positioned between said orthogonal grating (8) and said first object lens (11), and produced by orthogonal grating (8) 0 grade and the said beam splitter of 1 order diffraction light transmission (9) incide said first object lens (11),
Said white light source (10) is used to launch an illumination light; This illumination light sees through first object lens (11) through said beam splitter (9) reflection back; Shine said spatial light lattice zone; Transmitted light is received by said CCD behind said second object lens, through the received image of CCD is handled quantity and the size distribution that obtains particle in bond, thereby calculates the concentration of the particle that said predetermined particle diameter distributes.
12. the determinator of the granule density in the measurement gas as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, also comprises an optical filter (13) with the identical wavelength of laser instrument, it is used to filter the light that is sent by laser instrument between said second lens and CCD.
13. the multi-channel measuring device of the granule density in the measurement gas; Be used for measuring the concentration of the interval particle of a plurality of predetermined particle diameter of gas to be measured; It is characterized in that, comprise a plurality of sub-devices, each sub-device comprises laser instrument (1), plano-convex lens (7), orthogonal grating (8) and first object lens (11); The shared test chambers of a plurality of sub-devices (4), and
The laser instrument of said each sub-device is used to launch a collimated laser beam; Said laser beam shines on the orthogonal grating of this sub-device after the plano-convex lens of this sub-device is assembled; Produce 0 grade first object lens that passes through this sub-device with 1 order diffraction light converge to the interior zone of said test chamber, form a plurality of spatial light lattices, comprise energy trapping in this spatial light lattice; This energy trapping can fetter the part particle; This bound particle grain size distribution is relevant with the size of said energy trapping, the concentration that can measure the interval particle of predetermined particle diameter described in the said gas to be measured according to the quantity and the size distribution of the particle of this size in bond
Said test chamber is used to hold said gas to be measured; And be positioned at said each sub-device first object lens the picture plane on; The optical maser wavelength of said each sub-device, first-order diffraction light can be conditioned to distance, first-order diffraction light beam waist radius and first-order diffraction optical axis and the x axial rake parameter of x axle; So that required particle grain size distribution in bond can particle grain size distribution peak region in bond what determined by the energy trapping size, wherein the x direction of principal axis is the direction of propagation of the laser beam of said a plurality of sub-devices.
14. the multi-channel measuring device of the granule density in the measurement gas as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, each sub-device also comprises beam splitter (9), white light source (10), second object lens (12) and optical filter (13) and CCD (6),
Said beam splitter (9) is positioned between first object lens (11) of orthogonal grating (8) and this sub-device of this sub-device, and produced by this orthogonal grating (8) 0 grade and the said beam splitter of 1 order diffraction light transmission (9) incide first object lens (11) of this sub-device,
Said white light source (10) is used to launch an illumination light; This illumination light sees through first object lens (11) of this sub-device through beam splitter (9) the reflection back of this sub-device; Shine said spatial light lattice zone; Transmitted light is received by the CCD of this sub-device behind said second object lens, through the received image of said CCD is handled quantity and the size distribution that obtains particle in bond, thereby calculates the concentration of the particle that said a plurality of predetermined particle diameter distributes.
15. the multi-channel measuring device of the granule density in the measurement gas as claimed in claim 14; It is characterized in that; Each sub-device also comprises an optical filter (13) with the identical wavelength of laser instrument; It is used to filter most of light that is sent by laser instrument between second lens and CCD of this sub-device.
16. the multi-channel measuring device of the granule density in the measurement gas; Be used for measuring the concentration of the interval particle of a plurality of predetermined particle diameter of gas to be measured, it is characterized in that, comprise at least one first sub-device and at least one second sub-device; Wherein, The first sub-device comprises laser instrument (1), diffuser (2), optical concentrator (3), and the second sub-device comprises laser instrument (1), plano-convex lens (7), orthogonal grating (8) and first object lens (11), the said first sub-device and the shared test chamber of the second sub-device (4); And
Said test chamber is used to hold gas to be measured, its horizontal direction be centered close to the said first sub-device optical concentrator the picture plane on, and be positioned at the said second sub-device first object lens the picture plane on,
The laser instrument of the said first sub-device is used to launch a collimated laser beam; This collimated laser beam incides said test chamber via the optical concentrator of this first sub-device again after the diffuser scattering of this first sub-device; In said test chamber, form the space speckle field; This space speckle field comprises energy trapping, and the part particle in the said gas to be measured is fettered by said energy trapping, and this bound particle grain size distribution and said energy trapping are relevant perpendicular to the size on the direction of propagation of said laser beam; Can measure the concentration of the interval particle of predetermined particle diameter in the said gas to be measured according to the quantity of the particle of this size in bond and size distribution
The aperture scale as the distance between the plane and this optical concentrator of the optical maser wavelength of the said first sub-device, optical concentrator and the first sub-device can be regulated, so that said particle in bond is of a size of a plurality of said predetermined particle diameter interval,
The laser instrument of the said second sub-device is used to launch a collimated laser beam; Said laser beam shines on the orthogonal grating of the said second sub-device after the plano-convex lens of the said second sub-device is assembled; Produce 0 grade first object lens that passes through the said second sub-device with 1 order diffraction light converge to the interior zone of said test chamber; Form the spatial light lattice; Comprise energy trapping in this spatial light lattice, this energy trapping can fetter the part particle, and this bound particle grain size distribution is relevant with the size of said energy trapping; The concentration that can measure the interval particle of predetermined particle diameter described in the said gas to be measured according to the quantity and the size distribution of the particle of this size in bond
The optical maser wavelength of the said second sub-device, optical lattice place first-order diffraction light can be regulated to distance, first-order diffraction light beam waist radius and first-order diffraction optical axis and the x axial rake parameter of x axle; So that required particle grain size distribution in bond can particle grain size distribution peak region in bond what determined by the energy trapping size, wherein the x direction of principal axis is the direction of propagation of the laser beam of said a plurality of sub-devices.
17. the multi-channel measuring device of the granule density in the measurement gas as claimed in claim 16; It is characterized in that; The said first sub-device also comprises imaging len (5) and CCD (6); The light of the surface scattering of said bound particle is received by said CCD behind said imaging len, through the received image of said CCD is handled quantity and the size distribution that obtains particle in bond, thereby calculates the concentration of the particle that said a plurality of predetermined particle diameter distributes.
18. the multi-channel measuring device of the granule density in the measurement gas as claimed in claim 17; It is characterized in that; Said imaging len is that its axis is vertical with the xy plane that the y direction constitutes with the x direction with the CCD modes of emplacement; Wherein the x direction is the direction of propagation of said laser beam, and said y direction is gas flow to be measured.
19. the multi-channel measuring device of the granule density in the measurement gas as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, the said second sub-device also comprises beam splitter (9), white light source (10), second object lens (12) and optical filter (13) and CCD (6),
Said beam splitter (9) is positioned between said orthogonal grating (8) and said first object lens (11), and produced by orthogonal grating (8) 0 grade and the said beam splitter of 1 order diffraction light transmission (9) incide said first object lens (11),
Said white light source (10) is used to launch an illumination light; This illumination light sees through first object lens (11) through said beam splitter (9) reflection back; Shine said spatial light lattice zone; Transmitted light is received by said CCD behind said second object lens, through the received image of said CCD is handled quantity and the size distribution that obtains particle in bond, thereby calculates the concentration of the particle that said a plurality of predetermined particle diameter distributes.
20. the multi-channel measuring device of the granule density in the measurement gas as claimed in claim 19; It is characterized in that; Also comprise an optical filter (13) with the identical wavelength of laser instrument, it is used to filter most of light that is sent by laser instrument between said second lens and CCD.
21. the assay method of the granule density in the measurement gas is used for measuring the concentration of the interval particle of gas predetermined particle diameter to be measured, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Launch a collimated laser beam; Make this collimated laser beam through after assembling, inciding a test chamber again after the diffuser scattering; In said test chamber, form the space speckle field; This space speckle field comprises energy trapping, and the part particle in the said gas to be measured is fettered by said space speckle field
Measure the quantity and the size distribution of this bound particle, thereby measure the concentration of the particle of the distribution of predetermined particle diameter described in the said gas to be measured.
22. the assay method of the granule density in the measurement gas as claimed in claim 21; It is characterized in that; Also comprise step: the light of surface scattering that receives the particle of said bound a plurality of sizes through a CCD; Through the received image of said CCD is handled quantity and the size distribution that obtains particle in bond, thereby calculate the concentration of the particle that said predetermined particle diameter distributes.
23. the assay method of the granule density in the measurement gas is used for measuring the concentration of the interval particle of gas predetermined particle diameter to be measured, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Launch a collimated laser beam, this laser beam is shone after assembling produce 0 grade and 1 order diffraction light on the orthogonal grating, make this diffraction light converge to the interior zone of a test chamber again; Form the spatial light lattice; Comprise energy trapping in this spatial light lattice, can fetter the part particle
Quantity and the size distribution of measuring this bound particle is with the concentration of the particle measuring predetermined particle diameter described in the said gas to be measured and distribute.
24. the assay method of the granule density in the measurement gas as claimed in claim 22; It is characterized in that; Also comprise illumination light of step emission, this illumination light shines said spatial light lattice zone, receives the light by said spatial light lattice zone transmission through a CCD; Through the received image of said CCD is handled quantity and the size distribution that obtains particle in bond, thereby calculate the concentration of the particle that said predetermined particle diameter distributes.
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| CN201210275567.0A CN102818756B (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2012-08-03 | Based on assay method and the device of the PM2.5 particle of laser energy trapping method |
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| CN103868834A (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2014-06-18 | 江苏华力智能科技有限公司 | Indoor-outdoor PM2.5 environment monitoring collector |
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