CN85109253A - Double beam mutual-detection dust concentration method and device thereof - Google Patents

Double beam mutual-detection dust concentration method and device thereof Download PDF

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CN85109253A
CN85109253A CN 85109253 CN85109253A CN85109253A CN 85109253 A CN85109253 A CN 85109253A CN 85109253 CN85109253 CN 85109253 CN 85109253 A CN85109253 A CN 85109253A CN 85109253 A CN85109253 A CN 85109253A
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dense
survey
dust
light
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CN85109253B (en
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王泽章
孔庆林
岳建华
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Inst Of Electric Power Testing & Research Inner Mongolia
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of optical instrument, be used for the concentration of various material dust is carried out automatically and continuous monitoring.Its feature: A, selected transmitting illuminant are two laser instruments; B, used detection method be with this two laser respectively two groups by synchronization action by optical sampler, photoelectric detector, the photo-translating system that prime amplifier constitutes, successively finish to its intensity of light source before seeing through dust self check and see through dust after to surveying; C, and data processing adopts microcomputer to carry out.Thereby the present invention surveys dense precision height, and composition error is low, and test result is not subjected to the influence of extraneous multifactor variation, and not high to the stability requirement of component parameter, maintenance workload is few.

Description

Double beam mutual-detection dust concentration method and device thereof
The present invention relates to a kind of optical instrument, is about various material dust concentrations being carried out automatically and the method and the device thereof of continuous monitoring.
Invent this monitoring method and device thereof, be intended at domestic and international measuring method and the device recognized at present about the material dust concentration, no matter on precision, still on the principle that adopts, such-and-such deficiency even shortcoming are all arranged, directly have influence on the measurement accuracy of gas, fixed double phase flow dust concentration, and method therefor is very unreliable, thereby developed the measuring technology of double beam mutual-detection method, and made the intelligent laser dust concentration meter with this.
Blanket numerous in the world measuring method that monitoring device adopted is at present divided basically and is made two classes: sedimentation and non-sedimentation.The advantage of sedimentation is directly to measure the mass concentration of dust, but shortcoming generally can not be accomplished continuously and automatically, precision is not high yet, and with regard to the present isokinetic sampling's methods that adopt, ballistic method, impaction, static method of trapping etc. more.Its sampling, measurement, calculating all strict program is in accordance with regulations carried out, amount of calculation is big, long, trivial operations of time require operating mode also must stablize for a long time, thereby its use has significant limitation; As for non-sedimentation, be a kind of mensuration that does not directly contact dust, though can accomplish to measure continuously and automatically, but in the present prior art, because of the X factor that influences test result that wherein comprises too many, so make precision also and not really high, nature, accuracy also are difficult to guarantee.
Though the present invention also is a kind of dense device of survey that adopts the non-sedimentation of optical principle, because of having adopted three following technical pattern features, thereby improved measuring accuracy, simplified the measurement formality, guaranteed measuring reliability.
At first, the present invention adopts the lasing light emitter of monochrome, concentration of energy, good directionality, and the introducing of laser has improved the resolution of instrument and surveyed dense sensitivity.And avoided the near-infrared region because of selected wavelength, and thereby overcome in the dust moisture content to the influence of indicating value, also overcome because of optical source wavelength and changed influence indicating accuracy.
Secondly, the present invention has adopted the design feature of double beam mutual-detection method.This structure is compared with monochromatic light breakdown mensuration with existing single beam mensuration, improved measuring accuracy, enlarged and surveyed dense scope, and overcome the influence of photoelectricity testing part performance change, the variation of amplifier parameter, mains fluctuations, luminescent device aging and optical element pollution etc.
Once more, the present invention has adopted microcomputer to carry out data processing, has avoided common analogue instrument way, has realized rapid, accurate, the continuous calculation process of signal and directly shown printing each step operation result.
Thereby the inventive method is a more advanced technical conceive, and apparatus of the present invention are the dense devices of more satisfactory survey, has realized smart, accurate, fast measurement of concetration, has realized automatic and continuous technical requirement.
According to the dense device of survey provided by the invention, it comprises luminescent detection system and a single board signals disposal system of two structure basically identicals, its structural principle block diagram as shown in Figure 1, among the figure, 1,1 ' be generating laser, 2,2 ' be beam expander, 3,3 ' be optical sampler, 4,4 ' be purification plant, 5,5 ' be photoelectric detector, 11 is the synchronous motor power supply, 6,6 ' be prime amplifier, more than constitute two luminescent detection systems of first, second respectively.And microcomputer 7, printer 8, index gauge record table 9 and power supply 10 have been formed the single card microcomputer signal processing system.
Described generating laser 1,1 ', get helium, neon laser, its watt level can be arbitrarily with surveying dense scope, its laser beam trend can straight line, also can transfer with prism.This device has adopted back a kind of form.
Described beam expander 2,2 ', be an inverted parallel light tube, constitute by a meniscus lens group and a biconcave lens, be for the expansion of laser light bundle in order to overcome dust size dispersion degree broad to surveying the influence of dense precision, enlarge the ubiquity and the representativeness of tested dust concentration.The present invention is that the laser beam with φ 1mm has expanded φ 5mm to.
Described optical sampler 3,3 ', be the optical rolling disc of two special constructions, the shape of this two rotating disk is provided by Fig. 3, like the disk cover of a band handle.On the oblique sidewall of dish, respectively open three holes by 90 ° of intervals, two hole a(a ' on the diametric(al)) and C, (C '), beam diameter was led directly to, and directly vertical therewith another hole b(b ' of the garden of the mistake heart), can make light beam enter the optical rolling disc inwall by offside polishing minute surface M(M ') reflection.Two optical samplers split in the first and second two luminescent detection systems, are driven and interoperation by synchronous device, can finish two self checks, two sampling tasks to surveying in succession in a measuring period.
Described photoelectric detector 5(comprises 18,19,20) and 5 ' (comprise 18 ', 19 ', 20 ') structure provide by Fig. 4.It mainly includes, and can change the conversion dial 18(18 ' that surveys dense scope), on open four symmetrical holes folded light beam accept cap 19(19 ') and light signal is changed into the light activated element 20(20 ' of electric signal).The selected light activated element of the present invention is that Japan produces A5 type selenium cell, also available common homemade silicon photocell.
Described prime amplifier 6,6 ', select operational amplifier for use, for single board computer interface, the present invention adopts the voltage output form, accepts the voltage signal of photoelectric source output, its enlargement ratio is adjustable with tested dust concentration.For guaranteeing the safe in utilization of single card microcomputer and interface chip, on front panel, also be provided with amplitude limit, protection loop.
Above laser instrument, beam expander, prism have been formed luminous transmission system, and optical sampler, photo-translating system has been formed in photoelectric detector (comprise and accept cap, conversion dial and light activated element), prime amplifier and protection loop.
Described purification plant 4, (4 ') are the light hurdle passages of two horn-like center drillings of multilayer, generally all are loaded on the optical channel of tested dust pipeline, and be used to reduce pressure tested dust and its malleation of partition are outwards sprayed and let out.
Power supply 11 is used for synchronous motor.This device is with a synchronous motor, drives an emission selsyn and two by it and accepts selsyn.Power supply and motor can be put wherein in any luminescence detection apparatus.Power supply 10 is used for single card microcomputer.
Described single card microcomputer signal processing system, it can be various ways, this device main frame is selected TP-801B type microcomputer for use, the TP-801A/D change-over panel that the A/D converter of peripheral interface adopts " Beijing Polytechnical University " to produce, digital to analog converter is selected the some of TP-801A/D plate for use, output device adopts six LED digital indicators on this single card microcomputer, and be furnished with screen display interface and display, or be with an indication record sheet and TPMP of adapted or TP-801P little shape printer timed print or transfer and beat instantaneous value by A/D.Its software function, detection and operation program have used the Z-80 assembly language, and for improving precision, operation program is worked out with floating-point 24 (three bytes).The about 3K of program committed memory solidifies in EPROM, and other has the RAM of hundreds of byte to use as data buffering and storehouse.
This device is used the 1mW laser instrument through inside actual measurement evaluation, and when light path was 3Cm, can survey upper limit of concentration was 3.6mg/Cm 3When light path was 400Cm, can survey upper limit of concentration was 0.027mg/Cm 3And precision, complete machine composition error<± 3%, reproducibility error<0.5%, and when photoelectric parameter changes composition error<± 3%.
The dense cycle of the survey of instrument is treated as the step motor speed calmly, and this device selects 60 rev/mins of synchronous motors, so test period is 1 second, adopts the 220V single phase poaer supply.Because test process belongs to non-cpntact measurement, thereby to no particular restriction such as the temperature of medium, pressure.
This device can be monitored the dust concentration in gas, the fixed double phase flow medium continuously, automatically and in time, exactly, can be used for accurately estimating efficient, dust emission quantity and the environmental pollution degree of various cleaners; Can be in order to study the optimal operating condition in the various dust technological processes; Can in research work,, carry out appropriate design and deeply grasp gas, fixed double phase flow attitude, means of testing is provided for the distributed data of dust concentration field is provided.
Description of drawings of apparatus of the present invention and use-case.
Fig. 2 is the mechanical-optical setup figure of this device, and Fig. 3~4 are its partial enlarged drawing, and what do not add ", " on the number in the figure is first survey densimeter, and what add ", " is second survey densimeter.
Open first and second liang of generating lasers 1 and 1 ', all launching diameter is that 1mm, wavelength are 6328
Figure 85109253_IMG2
Helium, Ne laser bundle, the Laser emission power of this densimeter is 2mW.Surveying dense scope is 0-27g/m 3, the power of two laser can be not consistent.
The two bundle laser of φ 1mm are respectively through first side prism 12-1, and 12-2 and second are surveyed prism 12 '-1,12 '-2 make two secondary reflections after, direction all changes 180 °, passes beam expander 2 and 2 ' expand as φ 5mm, each corresponding optical sampler 3 and 3 of directive '.
Start synchronous motor 13, drive emission selsyn 14 and the first and second two accept selsyn 15 and 15 ' and first and second liang of optical samplers 3 and 3 ', by the Program Synchronization action of compiling and editing, can in a measuring period, finish four following measuring abilities:
(1) the intensity self check of first side generating laser 1.Its process is in 1/4 cycle, to expand the laser beam I after restrainting 1By reflecting on second the same sampler of hole b directive opposite inwall minute surface M on the optical sampler 3, the Guang Lan hole that corresponding aperture through surveying dense conversion rotating disk 18 and reflected light are accepted cap 19 is incided on the light activated element 20, produce a photoelectromotive force, after prime amplifier 6 amplifies, get a first side output voltage signal E again 1This moment second side generating laser 1 ' expanded laser beam I behind the bundle 2Direct puncture sampler 3 ' a ', C ' hole, wear again clarifier 4 ' and 4 and tested dust be mapped on the first side sampler 3, but stopped by the back wall of M reflection face.
(2) second side generating laser 1 ' the intensity self check.The course of work promptly in 1/2 cycle, expands the laser beam I after restrainting with (1) 2By sampler 3 ' second hole b ', reflect on the M ' minute surface of directive self sampler opposite inwall, through conversion rotating disk 18 ' the Guang Lan hole and accept cap 19 ' corresponding aperture incide light activated element 20 ' on, produce another photoelectromotive force and must second side output voltage signal E after prime amplifier 6 ' amplifications 2, the quilt of first side laser amplifier 1 expands the laser beam I after restrainting at this moment 1The ac hole of direct puncture sampler 3, wear again clarifier 4 and 4 ' and tested dust direct projection to second side sampler 3 ' M ' minute surface back wall, but also be blocked.
(3) laser of second side generating laser 1 sees through intensity behind the dust to surveying.When entering in cycle of 3/4, the first sidelight is learned sampler 3 and is forwarded to and move (1) opposite position, and the second sidelight is learned sampler 3 ' then forward to can make laser beam I 2Position by C ', a ' hole.This moment, the first side was penetrated next I 1The sampled device 3 of laser beam ' stop, and the I of second side 2Laser beam then pass C ', a ' hole directive clarifier 4 ', seeing through tested dust comes out through clarifier 4 again, go into the b hole of first side sampler 3, be mapped on the M minute surface on opposite, be reflected to and produce another photoelectromotive force in the photoelectric detector 5, again after prime amplifier 6 amplifies, one after being attenuated by the emission of second side, the first side joint be subjected to surveying dust voltage signal E 1'.
(4) laser of first side laser reflector 1 sees through intensity behind the dust to surveying.The course of work is with (3).Promptly when entering one-period, optical sampler 3 ' forwarded to and action (2) opposite position, and optical sampler 3 has forwarded to and can make laser beam I 1The c that passes through, a hole site.At this moment, penetrate next second side I 2The sampled device 3 of laser beam ' stop, first side I 1Laser beam is then passed C, clarifier 4 is injected in a hole, see through tested dust again through clarifier 4 ' come out, wear sampler 3 ' b ' hole, M ' the mirror surface on its opposite of directive, be reflected to photoelectric detector 5 ' in, the photoelectromotive force of generation through then must be subjected to after prime amplifier 6 ' amplification by first side emission, second side joint be attenuated after E ' 2Output voltage signal.
Above four voltage signals in this work period are by computing formula
Figure 85109253_IMG3
The program of compiling and editing is sent in the single card microcomputer in succession, then can obtain the transmittance T of tested airflow dust.With this result, press ln 1/ (T)=kql formula programming computing again, get final product the indicated value of dust concentration.
When synchronous motor enters second period, can repeat the measurement result that above-mentioned testing process obtains second round.So repeat down again and again, can realize continuously, automatically monitor.
When considering that laser beam enters the hole of sampler, illuminating area has one from less to more, change procedure from more to less again, this will have influence on the precision of computer sampling, for this reason, and before each hole, a little photoelectric commutator 16 all is set in addition, as the synchronous sampling signal of computing machine, the light signal of this converter can be introduced leading in time E with a little strip total reflective mirror refraction 1, E 2Several milliseconds, can reach like this for the purpose of computing machine to the synchronous identification and the preparation sampling of measured waveform.
Survey four corresponding apertures on the dense conversion dial, have two adjacent holes to be used for surveying, this two hole does not add any color filter; Two adjacent holes then are used for self check in addition, and one of them does not add color filter, and one adds color filter.Effect is to come conversion to survey dense scope according to dust concentration.Conversion is by mechanical way, and handle is put on the device panel.
Measuring period, can select for use the synchronous motor of different rotating speeds to determine as required.
The present invention has been owing to adopted the double beam mutual-detection method, so eliminated the several main factors that the single beam absorption process influences measuring accuracy.Make the variation of the intensity of light source, the fluctuation of supply voltage, the variation of optoelectronic receiver electric parameter, and the pollution of optical element, all measurement result there is not influence.Change light source and also need not recalibrate.
The present invention has improved the resolution and the sensitivity of instrument greatly owing to adopted lasing light emitter.Adopt 1mW He-Ne Lasers source speech with regard to this device model machine, can measure light path is that 4 meters wide upper limit of concentration are 27g/m 3Air flue soot dust concentration, and use incandescent lamp as light source, the required incandescent lamp power of dust concentration that desire is surveyed same light path is more than the 800W.In addition, the utilization of lasing light emitter has also reduced in the air-flow moisture content to the influence of measuring accuracy.
The present invention makes whole device because the above-mentioned way of employing and cooperation are for data processing with computer, and other has the following advantage:
(1) precision height is not subjected to the impact of extraneous multifactor variation. The complete machine precision is better than ± and 3%, repeatability is better than 0.5%.
(2) the comprehensive error of light, mechanical, electrical and computer is low. The application specific standard sample that this device is demarcated by country metering institute is done standard and is carried out static demarcating, when both sides light intensity and multiplication factor are identical, and maximum error≤± 2.5%, maximum repeated error<0.5%, both sides light intensity and multiplication factor Maximum error≤± 2% when asymmetric, light intensity identical and photoelectric conversion factors in both sides differs 30%(and comprises power supply, voltage pulsation, Photoelectric Detection device performance variation, amplifier element aging, variation of ambient temperature etc.) maximum error≤2.05%; Photoelectric conversion factors identical and light intensity in both sides differs 33%(and comprises mains voltage variations, and the laser pipe is changed and Laser Power Devices change optics element pollution etc.) maximum error≤1.7%.
(3) structure of whole sampling system and software are compact to design, and is less demanding to the photoelectric component Parameter stability, is convenient to adjust, simple to operate, easy to use, safeguards that workload is few.
The present invention can be used for the environment concentration that dust emission is arranged of various industries is carried out automatic continuous monitoring. Also can be used for laboratory to the research of Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid, new monitoring means is being provided aspect environmental protection and the air monitoring.
The used synchronous optical sampling of the present invention device, the available light electric switch replaces. This kind photoelectricity switch is a kind of special photoelectricity element, namely just produces a voltage signal when illumination, and the size of this voltage signal is with the variation that is directly proportional of illumination intensity. Illumination this voltage that disappears also returns zero immediately. As having adopted this photoelectric conversion technique that structure will be simplified greatly, maintenance is littler.

Claims (16)

1, a kind of optical instrument manufacturing process and device that is used to monitor various material dust concentrations is characterized in that: A, selected transmitting illuminant are two laser instruments, B, adopting detection method is the double beam mutual-detection concentration method, C, and the processing of gained data adopts microcomputer to carry out.
2, by the dense device of survey of claim item 1 manufacturing, wherein used two laser emitting sources are helium, neon monochromatic source.Wavelength-modulated is being avoided the near-infrared region scope, emissive power look the concentration range of surveying fixed, two intensities of light source can be not consistent.
3, by the dense device of claim item 2 described surveys, wherein the wavelength after the Laser Modulation is 6328
Figure 85109253_IMG1
, emissive power is at 0-27g/m 3The dense scope of survey in select 2mW.
4, by the dense device of survey of claim item 1 manufacturing, wherein laser beam can be a straight line from being transmitted into the light path of detection, also can be to transfer with prism.
5, by the dense device of claim item 4 described surveys,, all adopt two prisms to transfer on each laser optical path, make former direction change 180 ° for making compact in design.
6, by claim item 1-5 described any one survey dense device, it is characterized in that on the passage of laser beam before detection, other is provided with the beam expander that its beam diameter is enlarged, and this beam expander is an inverted parallel light tube, is made of one a group of concave-convex lens group and a biconcave lens.
7, press the dense device of survey of claim item 1 manufacturing, it is characterized in that two bundle laser are two groups of photo-translating systems that are made of optical sampler, photoelectric detector and prime amplifier by synchronization action, come successively to finish to its intensity before passing through dust self check and pass through dust after to survey.
8, by the dense device of claim item 7 described surveys, two optical samplers wherein, it is the optical rolling disc of two special constructions, this two rotating disk is like the disk cover of a band handle, respectively open two holes by 90 ° of intervals on the oblique sidewall of dish, two holes on the diametric(al) can make light beam enter the polishing minute surface of dish inwall offside.
9, by the dense device of claim item 8 described surveys, wherein two photoelectric detectors mainly are by all opening four symmetrical holes last, can change the conversion dial of surveying dense scope and folded light beam is accepted cap and light activated element is formed.Survey four holes on the dense conversion dial, it is to be used for surveying that two adjacent holes are arranged, and this two hole does not add any color filter, two adjacent holes are to be used for self check in addition, wherein have one will install color filter additional, and light activated element select for use Japan to produce A5 type selenium cell, also available common homemade silicon photocell.
10, by claim item 8 and the dense device of 9 described surveys, the wherein alternately self check of two optical samplers and be to rely on synchronous motor to drive the emission selsyn and the synchronization action of accepting selsyn is realized to survey.
11, by the dense device of claim item 7 described surveys, wherein in order to accept the photoelectric source signal and and the prime amplifier of computer interface adopt the voltage output form of computing amplification, it is adjustable that its enlargement ratio is looked tested dust concentration.
12,, protection single card microcomputer and interface chip limited amplitude protection loop safe in utilization are housed also in the preamplification board road wherein by the dense device of claim item 1 described survey.
13,, it is characterized in that all amplification voltage signals that obtain through the photo-translating system conversion are to have adopted microcomputer to be for data processing by the dense device of survey of claim item 1 manufacturing.This microcomputer can be a various ways, and software function can be used multiple program language.
14, by the dense device of claim item 13 described surveys, it is characterized in that all installing a little shape photoelectric commutator of making synchronized sampling for computer Recognition and preparation additional before each sampling hole, the light signal of this converter can be introduced with common total reflective mirror, and leading measured signal is several milliseconds on the time.
15,, it is characterized in that decompression being housed and cutting off the dust malleation on the both sides light path of tested dust pipeline spraying the purification plant of usefulness outward by claim item 1~14 described any apparatus and method.This purification plant is that the horn-like light of perforate blocks passage in the multilayer, and is general discrete with the dense main frame of survey.
16, by claim item dense method of 1 described survey and device, its synchronous optical sampler available light electric switch replaces.This optoelectronic switch is a kind of special photovalve, has illumination that voltage signal is promptly arranged, and this voltage signal is with the intensity of illumination variation that is directly proportional.
CN85109253A 1985-12-20 1985-12-20 Method and device of measuring powder concentration by dual light beams in opposite direction Expired CN85109253B (en)

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CN85109253A CN85109253B (en) 1985-12-20 1985-12-20 Method and device of measuring powder concentration by dual light beams in opposite direction

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CN1038614C (en) * 1994-08-05 1998-06-03 电力工业部南京电力环境保护科学研究所 In-line monitoring method of gas turbidity and dusty concentration and its monitor
CN102818756A (en) * 2012-08-03 2012-12-12 中国科学技术大学 Method and device for determination of PM2.5 particles based on laser energy trap method
CN103439233A (en) * 2013-08-30 2013-12-11 苏州奥德克光电有限公司 Flue dust concentration detection system
CN103969161A (en) * 2014-04-11 2014-08-06 苏州宏瑞净化科技有限公司 Double-channel large-flow dust particle sensor
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CN105699275A (en) * 2014-11-24 2016-06-22 新乡天翼过滤技术检测有限公司 Microparticle counting system using laser imaging and projection
CN107228814A (en) * 2017-07-18 2017-10-03 苏州奥特福环境科技有限公司 It is a kind of can accurate adjustment light path dust instrument and its adjusting method
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CN1038614C (en) * 1994-08-05 1998-06-03 电力工业部南京电力环境保护科学研究所 In-line monitoring method of gas turbidity and dusty concentration and its monitor
CN102818756B (en) * 2012-08-03 2016-01-20 中国科学技术大学 Based on assay method and the device of the PM2.5 particle of laser energy trapping method
CN102818756A (en) * 2012-08-03 2012-12-12 中国科学技术大学 Method and device for determination of PM2.5 particles based on laser energy trap method
CN104215588A (en) * 2013-05-30 2014-12-17 上海勇规分析仪器有限公司 Titration apparatus capable of adjusting titration and color inspection condition
CN103439233A (en) * 2013-08-30 2013-12-11 苏州奥德克光电有限公司 Flue dust concentration detection system
CN103439233B (en) * 2013-08-30 2015-10-28 苏州奥德克光电有限公司 Flue dust concentration detection system
CN103969161A (en) * 2014-04-11 2014-08-06 苏州宏瑞净化科技有限公司 Double-channel large-flow dust particle sensor
CN103969161B (en) * 2014-04-11 2016-07-06 苏州宏瑞净化科技有限公司 A kind of dual pathways high-flux dust particle sensor
CN105699275A (en) * 2014-11-24 2016-06-22 新乡天翼过滤技术检测有限公司 Microparticle counting system using laser imaging and projection
CN107228814A (en) * 2017-07-18 2017-10-03 苏州奥特福环境科技有限公司 It is a kind of can accurate adjustment light path dust instrument and its adjusting method
CN107228814B (en) * 2017-07-18 2023-07-14 苏州奥特福环境科技有限公司 Dust meter capable of accurately adjusting light path and adjusting method thereof
CN108519312A (en) * 2018-03-30 2018-09-11 重庆山楂树科技有限公司 Device for detection gas particle
CN108519312B (en) * 2018-03-30 2020-06-02 重庆山楂树科技有限公司 Device for detecting gas particles
CN109883906A (en) * 2019-02-21 2019-06-14 浙江大学 A kind of nano metal two-phase fluid stability measurement method
CN109884120A (en) * 2019-04-03 2019-06-14 哈尔滨商业大学 A kind of device and method of femtosecond laser excitation infrared thermal wave NDT titanium-aluminium alloy defect

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