CN102818468A - Solid heat storage device - Google Patents
Solid heat storage device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102818468A CN102818468A CN2011101564135A CN201110156413A CN102818468A CN 102818468 A CN102818468 A CN 102818468A CN 2011101564135 A CN2011101564135 A CN 2011101564135A CN 201110156413 A CN201110156413 A CN 201110156413A CN 102818468 A CN102818468 A CN 102818468A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0056—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using solid heat storage material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/14—Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
- F28D20/0039—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material with stratification of the heat storage material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
- F28D2020/0082—Multiple tanks arrangements, e.g. adjacent tanks, tank in tank
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2270/00—Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention provides a solid heat storage device which is formed by combining at least one heat storage unit in series and/or parallel. The heat storage unit comprises a casing, a solid heat storage medium arranged in the casing and a heat insulation layer arranged outside the casing. The outer surface of the solid heat storage medium is a heat exchange interface. Heat insulation layers are regularly arranged in the heat storage unit, an inclined temperature layer is arranged in the axial direction, and a layering control system is arranged in the heat storage unit to ensure high grade storage and output of heat. The heat storage unit of an array can be vertically arranged and can also be horizontally arranged with a certain inclined angle. The solid heat storage medium utilizes solid sensible heat to store heat, and is safe in running, simple to process and low in cost. The surface of the solid heat storage medium has good heat exchange efficiency and good heat storage performance and can be widely applied to various heat storage applications, especially a solar photo-thermal utilization system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of solid-state heat-storing device, the heat-storing device in the particularly a kind of solar energy heat utilization system.
Background technology
Solar energy is more satisfactory clean energy resource, but has ageing problem on utilizing, and the energy of being accepted between sunshine period surpasses required, but can't play a role after the sunset.Thereby unnecessary energy stores during how at sunshine, to be used for the continuous service of post sunset system, promptly gets and has a surplus with tonifying for the deficiency, becomes and realizes the solar energy heat utilization device key issue of operation continuously.
In the existing storage of solar energy technology, report is arranged or used multiple heat-storage medium.In recent years have to be reported in and obtain in the laboratory to make the composite phase-change material (shaping phase-change material) that matrix supports with certain material; In order to store heat; But there is the low shortcoming of thermal conductivity factor in it; And phase-change material undergoes phase transition in the heat accumulation process, because the hidden danger of revealing takes place to leak easily in the variation of volume.In addition, the ternary aluminum alloy of use is also arranged in the industry, repeatedly recycle for heat accumulation property in order to as the phase transformation storage material
Can, for example parameters such as the temperature of phase-change thermal storage, life-span have negative effect, because heat accumulating itself carries out solid-liquid phase change repeatedly in the course of the work, impurity element will influence its serviceability and service life.Existing industrialized solar energy thermal-power-generating unit utilizes inorganic salts to do heat accumulating more at present; But the shortcoming that inorganic salts existed cold-peace to be separated in phase transition process; Influenced heat storage capacity, and its setting temperature is too high, causes do not solidify the exterior line insulation cycling hot of carrying out and lose bigger night for guaranteeing it; In case system occurs disposing difficulty after the freezing point, has potential safety hazard; The pump that uses in the fused salt system pipeline, valve cost an arm and a leg and service life also shorter, and inorganic salts have certain toxicity, and leak breaking out of fire easily, leaking can pollution on the environment.Solid-state heat accumulation scheme has concrete, cobblestone heat accumulation etc., and at inside concrete pouring heat exchanging pipe, cost is higher, and the coefficient of heat transfer is very low or the like; The sandstone heat accumulation, though low price, thermal conductivity is low, the heat exchange difficulty, the self-supporting of can not finalizing the design, influence is used; And existing solid heat accumulation scheme is that heat exchange pipeline is arranged in solid heat accumulating inside; The heat transmission is accomplished in the heat conduction between solid through pipeline or fin surface and heat accumulating surface and solid, because mostly the contact between the solid is incomplete contact, and the heat conductivility of solid heat accumulating own is bad; Moreover the heat transfer area between the solid is limited; Cause overall heat transfer efficiency low, thereby be difficult to satisfy the input power requirement of store heat, more susceptible condition is that the heat of heat transfer medium is not released to before the solid heat reservoir fully; Just flow out, can't accomplish function satisfactorily by power demand to solid heat reservoir heat accumulation from the solid heat reservoir.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the problems referred to above that exist in the prior art; Provide a kind of interface that utilizes solid heat-storage medium itself as heat exchange interface; Adopt heat transfer medium directly to contact the solid heat-storing method of accomplishing interfacial heat exchange with the heat-storage medium surface; It is big to have the heat transfer interface area, the remarkable advantage that heat exchange efficiency is high; Solid heat-storage medium separation reduces the heat transmission speed on the length direction (or axially), forms the mesolimnion layout structure, obtains the output of high-grade temperature; Whole with low cost,
Heat exchange is fast, and thermal capacitance is big, and thermal storage performance is good, can be applicable to the solid heat-storing device of multi-field heat accumulation.
The invention provides a kind of solid heat-storing device, said solid heat-storing device is combined by at least one heat storage units series connection and/or parallel connection; This heat storage units comprises solid heat-storage medium and the outside heat-insulation layer that shell, enclosure are arranged; Outer surface with the solid heat-storage medium is a heat exchange interface, directly contacts the generation heat exchange with the heat transfer medium of this device of flowing through; Said heat storage units interior reservoir thermal medium forms the mesolimnion layout structure along being provided with on the length axial direction.
Further, said heat storage units is vertically arranged.
Further, said heat storage units horizontal arrangement.
Preferably, said heat storage units has ground, certain angle of inclination horizontal arrangement (following general designation horizontal arrangement) relatively.
Further; Said heat storage units comprises the heat accumulation district of a plurality of series connection; Integral body have bigger draw ratio or length-width ratio (as more than the 10:1 to 500:1), (promptly axially on) heat transmission speed is less in the longitudinal direction between the solid heat-storage medium, constitutes stable natural mesolimnion structure.
Further, said heat storage units further reduces the heat exchange between the different heat accumulations district through the interval Design on thermal insulation of a plurality of heat accumulations, forms better mesolimnion structure.
Further, the Design on thermal insulation of said heat storage units is the space between the adjacent heat accumulation district heat-storage medium.
Further, the Design on thermal insulation of said heat storage units is the interval heat-barrier material of arranging of adjacent heat accumulation.
Further, said heat-barrier material has the effect that the heat transfer medium water conservancy diversion is arranged simultaneously concurrently.
Further; The material that constitutes said solid heat-storage medium is that high density, high specific heat capacity, heat conduction are good, the material of stable in properties, for example is wherein a kind of or at least two kinds mixture such as refractory brick, rock, pottery, glass, graphite, coal, amorphous graphite, metal, ore, slag, concrete.
Preferably; The material of said solid heat-storage medium is the refractory material of brick fuel, compound brick fuel class; Because good, the specific heat capacity of heat conduction is big, porosity is low, density is high, stable in properties, material source extensively, cost is lower; Be particularly suitable for preferably as heat-storage medium, for example magnesia carbon brick, alumina carbon brick etc.
Further, the structure of said solid heat-storage medium is the solid heat accumulation piece with different size and shape, for example rectangle block, cylindrical tube block, fan-shaped column.
Further, said solid heat accumulation piece is for adopting motlten metal with solid heat-storage medium material or the casting of its mixture, and condensation cured becomes the whole solid heat-storage medium with self-supporting strength that forms.
Preferably, the outer surface of said solid heat accumulation piece has confining bed, reduces heat transfer medium to the inner infiltration of solid heat accumulation piece.
Preferably, the interior mixed-arrangement of packing material that constitutes said solid heat accumulation piece has the heat conduction reinforcing material, like wire, sheet metal, graphite, metal slag etc., to improve the capacity of heat transmission of material internal.
Further, said solid heat accumulation piece outer surface is provided with guiding gutter and/or fin etc., to obtain bigger heat exchange area.
Further, the guiding gutter of said two solid heat accumulation piece adjacent external surfaces and/or the arranged direction of fin are not parallel, have certain angle, thereby make heat transferring medium on flow path, form the intersection mixing point, to strengthen the heat exchange effect.
Further, said solid heat accumulation block structure is fine and close, porosity is low, heat transfer medium is absorbed few.Such as porosity less than 20%, preferably less than 10%.
Further, said solid heat accumulation piece comprises envelope sealed and closely is filled in the solid heat-storage medium material of the enclosure of sealing that integral body has solid shape and self-supporting ability.
Preferably, said sealing shell is glass, ceramic material, like glass tube, and earthenware, glass, ceramic hollow ball etc.
Preferably, said sealing shell is a metal material, like metal tube, metal hollow ball, metal-back etc.
Preferably, said metal enclosed sheathing material is a stainless steel.
The heat storage phase-changing material that phase transformation is arranged in all or part of filling certain temperature range of said sealing enclosure further.
Further, said heat storage units is upright layout or relative horizontal arrangement, and high-temperature area is positioned at the high end position of heat storage units, low-temperature region is positioned at the heat storage units lower position, with the samming trend of avoiding convection current to cause; Heat storage units forms mesolimnion on length is axial; And according to the diverse location on the length direction, implement heat accumulation input grading control and heat exchange output grading control respectively, with input and the output of the most high-grade heat that obtains maximum heat.
Further, said heat storage units diverse location is implemented the hierarchical control that the different temperatures grade inputs or outputs, and inputs or outputs heat to utilize the most efficiently.
Further, said heat transfer medium is gas, liquid, steam or phase change medium; Like air, nitrogen, inert gas, conduction oil, fuse salt, steam and liquid-gas phase transition medium etc.
Further, said heat-insulation layer is arranged in the outside of shell, is chosen as the material of low heat conductivity, for example heat preservation rock or the like.
Further, said shell adopts vaccum thermal insulation technique to be incubated.
Further; Said heat storage units shell be relative thin-walled design (material select the thickness standard design thickness required for use with respect to corresponding working pressure; Attenuate is more than 30%); And through increasing the ability that the external reinforcing flange strengthens thin-wall shell opposing internal pressure, the thermal conductive resin that exists in the axial direction to reduce because than extended envelope is avoided constituting the thermograde effect of mesolimnion layout structure because of the shell more destruction of conducting heat.
Further, the thermal insulation layer that placed in close contacts between said reinforcing flange and thin-wall shell wall further increases the thermal resistance in the shell mechanism.
Solid heat-storing device of the present invention can be applicable to solar energy heat utilization system.
Solid heat-storage medium of the present invention does not have flowability, and heat accumulation utilizes solid state heat accumulation, security of operation; The solid heat-storage medium is piled up according to certain rules; Partly or entirely surperficial direct and heat transfer medium contact heat-exchanging; Do not avoid the solid affixed heat transfer defective of touching the interface thereby need not increase the pipeline transition, had huge heat exchange interface area and solid-liquid or solid vapour contact heat-exchanging is good, can make things convenient for inputing or outputing of completion heat at a high speed; Strengthened the heat transfer rate (power promptly conducts heat) between solid heat-storage medium and the heat transfer medium in a large number, made heat-storing device have the good whole heat exchange property; Simultaneously, because actual internal area is big, the heat transfer medium flows resistance is little, and droop loss is little, can reduce system's operation energy consumption.It is less that fine and close material that solid heat accumulation piece has or surficial sealing layer design or the design of confining bed shell make it absorb heat transfer medium, and cost is low, and material lifetime is longer.The inner heat-storage medium thermal conductivity of heat storage units is higher, radially or width conduct heat very fast, but high power heat absorption and heat release, can try one's best stores and extracts heat with the mode of approaching former temperature grade; On axial or length direction; Because size is big or have Design on thermal insulation, heat transfer rate is slower, can keep certain thermograde for a long time; Help avoiding high-grade (temperature) thermal source guaranteeing the heat output quality because the samming trend of high low-temperature region causes grade (temperature) to descend as far as possible; The heat transfer medium of diversion Design guiding simultaneously more helps the good heat exchange effect of heat transfer medium at the inner rule flow path of heat storage units; Implement heat accumulation input grading control and heat exchange output grading control between certain heat accumulation district of heat storage units respectively, and the heat accumulation input that can also implement the different temperatures grade controls with heat exchange output, can improve greatly and store up and the high-grade more of the heat that swaps out.
The unit-combination type structure is flexible configuration as required, and convenient and reliable cost is low.The overall cost of this solid heat-storing device is low, heat conduction good, thermal capacitance is big, can be applicable to various heat accumulations and uses, particularly solar energy heat utilization system.
Description of drawings
With reference to the accompanying drawings specific embodiments of the present invention is carried out detailed explanation, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is a solid heat-storing device embodiment overall structure sketch map of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the hierarchical control unit of heat storage units of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the heat transfer control and the heat exchange control module of the different temperatures grade of heat storage units of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is first kind of heat storage units structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a solid heat accumulation block structure sketch map of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is second kind of heat storage units structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a heat storage tube structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the third heat storage units of the present invention embodiment overall structure sketch map;
Fig. 9 is the inner solid heat accumulation block structure sketch map of Fig. 8 heat storage units;
Figure 10 is another example structure sketch map of solid heat accumulation piece of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the shell example structure sketch map of heat storage units of the present invention;
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Fig. 1 is a solid heat-storing device embodiment overall structure sketch map of the present invention; This solid heat-storing device is by a plurality of heat storage units, and for example heat storage units 1-1 and heat storage units 1-3 array are formed; As shown in Figure 1, the heat storage units 1-1 of array vertically stands on ground configuration; Each heat storage units 1-1 comprises the solid heat-storage medium 3 of shell 2, shell 2 internal placement and the heat-insulation layer 10 of shell 2 disposed outside; These solid heat-storage medium 3 outer surfaces are the heat exchange interface of heat transfer medium, and solid heat-storage medium 3 is a dense material, and voidage is less than 10%; Optimally, solid heat-storage medium 3 surfaces have confined layer, further reduce the infiltration of heat transfer medium.The shell 2 of this solid heat-storing device is preferably the certain thickness steel, has the required for example ability of 2 Mpa pressure of anti-heat transfer medium; Outside heat-insulation layer 10 selects to have the materials such as rock wool of low heat conductivity, coats, and also can use vacuum technique that it is incubated, and reduces the loss of the heat of solid thermal device to greatest extent.The circulating line interface is also arranged in solid heat-storing device outside, a plurality of heat storage units connection in series-parallel arranged in arrays, the mutual series and parallel of circulating line; Converge at the global cycle pipeline at last, heat transfer medium is from thermal source 18, after for example the solar energy mirror field receives heat; Part longshore current is through direction A directly flow through heat-exchanger rig or acting device 19, for example heat exchanger, steam turbine, and unnecessary heat transfer medium part longshore current flows into the for example surface of 1-1 and the solid heat-storage medium 3 of 1-3 inside of a plurality of heat storage units through direction B direction; Heat is conducted to solid heat-storage medium 3; After accomplishing the conveying of heat, be delivered to the global cycle pipeline from another interface, longshore current is accomplished the conveying of overall heat through direction C; When thermal field 18 can not continue directly heat to be provided; Begin to launch the inner heat that has stored of heat storage tube, heat transfer medium gets into for example 1-1 of heat storage units along the E direction, and longshore current is through direction D behind the completion heat accumulation; Get into outside acting device 19 through the A direction again, the input of heat is provided constantly; This heat transfer medium can be gas, liquid, steam or other phase change medium.This solid heat-storing device can be used in the field of any heat utilization, is particularly suitable for the heat reservoir of extensive high-grade solar thermal utilization.
Fig. 2 is the hierarchical control unit of heat storage units of the present invention; As shown in Figure 2, heat storage units is made up of a plurality of different heat accumulation district arrays, and specific heat accumulation district implements different hierarchical controls, and for example the heat accumulation input circulatory system comprises heat accumulation district 4-1, the layering heat transfer control module that 4-2 and 4-3 form; The heat exchange output circulatory system comprises heat accumulation district 4-7, and 4-8 and 4-9 form layering heat exchange output control unit, and the heat accumulation district in each control module is equipped with a control valve, and the control valve that for example heat accumulation district 4-1 is corresponding is A, and the control valve that heat accumulation district 4-9 is corresponding is I; In the heat transfer cycle system, heat transfer medium is from the top of heat-storing device, promptly in the 4-9 in the heat accumulation space process that begins to flow downward to the heat-storage medium transfer heat, temperature reduces gradually, flows out heat-storing device at last, receives thermal cycle again.Because heat-storage medium heat conduction is better, the heat-storage medium of heat accumulation district 4-9 part reaches the temperature close with heat transfer medium very soon; In heat transfer process after this, heat transfer medium does not have the heat release cooling basically when flowing through heat accumulation district 4-9 part, keep original high temperature to flow to heat accumulation district 4-8 part, to lowering the temperature after the heat exchange of heat accumulation district 4-8 part, continues descending.By that analogy, 4-9 begins from the heat accumulation district, and along with the heat exchange process continues, 4-9 begins from high temperature section, has more heat-storage medium part to be deposited in high temperature heat gradually.Heat transfer medium is through after the heat exchange, and the temperature that flows out heat-storing device reduces, and is better utilization heat energy grade, and heat accumulation input is carried out hierarchical control: at first control valve C opens in the layering heat accumulation Input Control Element, and control valve B and A are closed; When the corresponding heat accumulation district 4-3 of control valve C arrive saturated critical when importing duty into (when 4-3 outlet temperature in heat accumulation district reaches or when allowing heat transfer medium outflow maximum temperature limit, closed control valve C, opening controlling valve B, control valve A still remains closed; When the corresponding heat accumulation district 4-2 of control valve B arrive saturated critical when importing duty into (when heat accumulation district 4-2 outlet temperature reach or when allowing heat transfer medium outflow maximum temperature limit); Closed control valve B; Opening controlling valve A, and control valve C remains closed accomplishes heat accumulation (be last heat accumulation district outlet temperature reach or when allowing heat transfer medium to flow out the maximum temperature limit) up to whole heat accumulation district; Layering heat accumulation input control finishes, and thinks that the heat energy storage is full this moment.
In the heat exchange output circulatory system, heat transferring medium is from the bottom of solid heat storage units, and promptly heat accumulation district 4-1 begins upwards in the process of flowing heat-storing device heat exchange quantity of heat given up, and temperature raises gradually, flows out heat-storing device at last, gets into the external system cooling, again circulation.Because heat-storage medium heat conduction is better, heat transferring medium reaches the low slightly temperature of heat-storage medium very soon through the heat-storage medium of heat accumulation district 4-1 part; In heat transfer process after this, heat transfer medium is when flowing through heat accumulation district 4-1 part, and heat absorption does not heat up basically, keeps original temperature to flow to heat accumulation district 4-2 part, heats up after the heat exchange of absorption heat accumulation district 4-2 part, continues up.By that analogy, 4-1 begins from the heat accumulation district, along with the heat exchange process continues, has more heat transferring medium partly to be heated to the condition of high temperature gradually.Heat transferring medium is through after the heat exchange, and the temperature that flows out heat-storing device is very high, is better utilization heat energy grade; Heat accumulation input is carried out hierarchical control:, begin the heat exchange hierarchical control during heat transferring medium process layering heat exchange output control unit, control valve G opens in the layering heat exchange output control unit of this moment; Control valve H and I are closed, and the heat of heat exchange output is through externally do work device, for example heat exchanger or steam turbine; After the cool cycles, the bottom of heat storage units is got back in cooling; When the corresponding heat accumulation district 4-7 of control valve G arrives critical swapping out (when the temperature of heat accumulation district 4-7 delivery outlet thermal store is close with the minimum output temperature limit of required heat transfer medium) during duty, closed control valve G, opening controlling valve H, control valve I remains closed; When the corresponding heat accumulation district 4-8 of control valve H arrives critical swap out (when the minimum output temperature limit of the thermal store temperature of heat accumulation district 4-8 delivery outlet and required heat transfer medium is close) during duty; Closed control valve H; Opening controlling valve I; Control valve G remains closed; Heat in whole heat storage units is accomplished heat output when close with the minimum output temperature limit of required heat transfer medium (be the thermal store temperature of maximum temperature heat accumulation district outlet), and layering heat accumulation input control finishes, and thinks that heat energy gets sky at this moment.So use layering heat accumulation input control system and heat exchange to store up out the control system,, improve the efficient utilization of heat to obtain high-grade storage and release heat.
Fig. 3 is the heat accumulation input control and the heat exchange output control unit of the different temperatures grade of heat storage units of the present invention; The heat storage units heat accumulation input system of present embodiment and heat exchange output system are implemented the heat accumulation input control and the heat exchange output control of different temperatures grade respectively.Heat accumulation input control or heat exchange output are controlled at identical or approaching Position Design independently a gateway or a shared gateway separately.Heat storage units as shown in Figure 3 is made up of the heat accumulation district of a plurality of temperature grades, specifically is made up of high-temperature heat-storage district I, middle temperature heat accumulation district II and low temperature heat accumulation district III, and it is whole that the heat accumulation district series connection of a plurality of different temperatures gradients forms heat storage units; In order to describe the heat accumulation input in the heat-storing device, the control of heat exchange output operational mode; Hereinafter is mainly with high-temperature heat-storage district I and the middle temperature heat accumulation district II description of giving an example; Heat transfer medium that it is corresponding or heat transferring medium are in high-temperature grade I and middle temperature grade II respectively; This heat accumulation input control has identical control valve with heat exchange output control, and identical control valve is respectively input control valve or output control valve in the different moment.
Heat accumulation input operational mode is: the heat transfer medium of high-temperature grade I (for example temperature is 550 ℃) is selected from getting near the heat transfer intake line inlet of the heat accumulation of the low temperature slightly zone position of I temperature grade; For example import from control valve a; Preferentially its heat that carries is saved as high temperature condition as far as possible; Continue the heat that downward one deck heat accumulation space layer deposits lower temperature in then, the rest may be inferred, flows out from outlet the most nearby up to arriving the minimum temperature point back that allows; Meanwhile; The heat transfer medium (for example temperature is 350 ℃) that heat storage units carries out temperature grade II in another road imports into; Its heat transfer medium is selected from getting near the heat transfer intake line inlet of the heat accumulation of the low temperature slightly zone position of II temperature grade; For example, preferential with its heat that carries from control valve d input
Save as high temperature condition as far as possible, continue the heat that downward one deck heat accumulation district deposits lower temperature in then, the rest may be inferred, flows out from outlet the most nearby up to arriving the minimum temperature point back that allows; The heat transfer intake line of the heat transfer medium process of I, two kinds of temperature grades of II can partially overlap or be independent separately.This mode can make this storage device receive the heat that stores the various grades in various sources simultaneously with optimum way, has the scope of application more widely, and is practical more economically.
Heat exchange output operational mode is: the heat transmission heat transferring medium of high-temperature grade I is selected from flowing out near the heat exchanging pipe outlet of the zone position of high-temperature heat-storage slightly of I temperature grade; For example flow out (temperature is higher than 435 ℃, is applied to steam turbine power generation) from control valve b; Preferentially using as far as possible, the heat energy of low temperature state carries out preheating; When treating that this heat accumulation district temperature can't satisfy the output temperature condition, continue to extract the heat of higher temperature again, for example flow out from control valve a to last layer heat accumulation district; The rest may be inferred, temperature required up to arriving; Meanwhile, the heat that heat storage units carries out the middle temperature grade II on another road swaps out, and its heat exchange heat transmission medium also selects the heat exchanging pipe outlet of the zone position of high-temperature heat-storage slightly of temperature grade II from the most approaching to flow out; For example flow out (about 200 ℃ of temperature from control valve e; Be applied to industrial steam), preferentially use the heat energy of low temperature state as far as possible, when treating that this heat accumulation district temperature can't satisfy the output temperature condition; Continue the heat that a heat accumulation space cell upwards extracts higher temperature again; For example flow out from control valve d, the rest may be inferred, temperature required up to arriving; The heat exchanging pipe of the heat transferring medium process of I, two kinds of temperature grades of II can partially overlap or be independent separately.This mode can make this heat-storing device that the heat output of various grades can be provided with optimum way simultaneously, has the scope of application more widely, and is practical more economically.
Fig. 4 is first kind of heat storage units structural representation of the present invention; This heat storage units 1 inner solid heat accumulation district is cylindric, a plurality of heat accumulations district, and for example 4-1 or 4-3 are composed in series the thermal store of heat storage units, and arrange thermal insulation layer 5 between each inside, heat accumulation district and the heat accumulation district, and this thermal insulation layer is the heat insulation layer with low heat conductivity.This heat accumulation district comprises the solid heat accumulation piece 6 and some solids heat accumulation piece 6 separation thermal insulation layers 5 of arranged in arrays; Solid heat accumulation piece 6 rules arrange that annular array as shown in the figure arranges that the gap between each solid heat accumulation piece 6 is the circulation passage of heat transfer medium; And thermal insulation layer 5 distinguishes heat accumulation; With the remarkable thermograde on the zones of different that forms solid heat storage units 1, guaranteed the storage of heat storage units inside and the heat high-grade of output well, thermal insulation layer 5 has the function of heat transfer medium water conservancy diversion layer simultaneously; With gap between the heat transfer medium process solid heat accumulation piece 6 of arranged in arrays; Under the guiding of thermal insulation layer 5, accomplish control transfer of heat regularly, for example thermal insulation layer 5 is with the first edge that extremely descends the heat accumulation district of one deck from the centre position drainage in heat accumulation district of heat transfer medium; To the centre position of more descending one deck heat accumulation district, so heat transfer medium is carried out the transmission of heat with maximum contact face and solid heat-storage medium again.Preferably, this thermal insulation layer 5 has bearing capacity, further improves the structural strength of heat storage units 1.The material of solid heat-storage medium is high density, high specific heat capacity material, for example is wherein a kind of or at least two kinds mixture such as refractory brick, rock, pottery, glass, graphite, metal, concrete or magnesia carbon brick; Solid heat-storage medium structure is the fan-shaped solid heat accumulation piece 6 of array, and this solid heat accumulation piece is whole fine and close, has less porosity, and for example porosity is less than 10% of volume; Preferably, solid heat accumulation piece 6 surfaces are provided with confining bed, further reduce immersion absorption and the destruction of heat transfer medium long-time running to solid heat accumulation piece 6.Preferably, said confining bed is ceramic glaze, glass glaze, metal level, graphite linings etc.; The outside of this solid heat storage units has insulation material, or with vacuum technique it is incubated processing.
Fig. 5 is a solid heat accumulation block structure sketch map of the present invention; Solid heat accumulation piece 6 has self-supporting strength, adopts motlten metal with undersized solid heat-storage medium material or the casting of its mixture, and condensation cured becomes integral body to form; As shown in Figure 5; This solid heat accumulation piece 6 comprises the material of multiple shape or size, and The optimum layout metal level 20 between each material bonds together through the heat accumulation piece of motlten metal with various material; Form solid heat accumulation piece 6 integral body after the condensation cured; Use this method can obtain the solid heat accumulation piece of required size than big and given shape, preferably, the interior mixed-arrangement of packing material that constitutes the solid heat-storage medium has the heat conduction reinforcing material; Like wire, sheet metal, graphite, metal slag etc., to improve the capacity of heat transmission of material internal.In some cases; Heat-storage medium material itself just possesses densification, stable, characteristics such as thermal conductivity is high, specific heat capacity is big, intensity height simultaneously; Can directly use this kind material to constitute the heat accumulation piece, for example some metals, graphite, refractory brick are (like carbon brick, magnesia carbon brick, magnalium carbon
Brick etc.), glass, pottery etc.
In order to improve the heat exchange surface area of solid heat-storage medium and heat transfer medium, in solid heat accumulation piece 6 forming processes, fin or groove are set.In addition, solid heat accumulation piece 6 surfaces are provided with confining bed 7, reduce the infiltration of soaking that solid heat accumulation piece 6 receives heat transfer medium, the structural deterioration that causes.This confining bed 7 is preferably ceramic glaze, glass glaze, metal level, graphite linings etc.
Fig. 6 is second kind of heat storage units structural representation of the present invention; As shown in Figure 6, the heat accumulation district that this heat storage units 1 comprises a plurality of series connection is 4-1 and 4-3 for example, and arranges thermal insulation layer between each heat accumulation district; This heat accumulation district for example 4-1 comprises the solid heat accumulation piece that a plurality of rules are arranged, this solid heat accumulation piece is the cylindrical tube block, and the outside is a can, and internal placement has granular solids heat-storage medium material, forms the solid heat accumulation piece with solid shape and self-supporting ability; The sealing shell is a metal material, like can, metal tube, metal hollow ball or metal-back; This solid heat accumulation piece of Fig. 6 signal is a heat storage tube 8, these heat storage tube 8 sealed at both ends; This heat storage tube 8 is a straight tube, highly is the axial length of this heat accumulation district 4-1, and a plurality of heat storage tube 8 tight rules are arranged in the heat accumulation district 4-1, each heat storage tube close arrangement, between the space be the passage of heat transfer medium.
Fig. 7 is a heat storage tube structural representation of the present invention; As shown in Figure 7, this heat storage tube 8 comprises can 9 and can 9 interior solid heat-storage medium materials of filling; This solid heat-storage medium material dense packing is in can 9 inside; For further improving the capacity of heat transmission that solid heat-storage medium material makes progress in can 9 inner footpaths, preferably at can 9 separation metal fins.Stay pipe can be metal tube, glass tube or bellows in the heat storage tube 8; The material of solid heat-storage medium material is attached most importance to and is burnt magnesia, yellow ground, coal or graphite etc., is preferably coal, the bulk density 2400kg/m3 of coal, the about 2.2KJ/kgK of specific heat capacity.
Fig. 8 is the third heat storage units of the utility model embodiment overall structure sketch map; Heat storage units 1 as shown in Figure 8 has certain inclination angle; Whole linear, become certain small angle inclination (this low-angle can also promptly be arranged to complete horizontal arrangement for zero) with ground; Heat storage units comprises the solid heat-storage medium that shell, enclosure are arranged, the heat-insulation layer of housing exterior; For example 4-1 and 4-3 form by a plurality of interconnective heat accumulations district in this heat storage units inside; Arrange the Design on thermal insulation structure between the heat accumulation district; This Design on thermal insulation structure is the space 15 between the adjacent heat accumulation district; Under another kind of situation, Design on thermal insulation also can be the interval stratiform heat-barrier material of arranging of adjacent heat accumulation.This solid heat-storage medium comprises that piling up layout by the solid heat accumulation piece 6 of polylith compact structure (for example refractory material magnesia carbon brick) forms; The outer surface of solid heat accumulation piece 6 is the heat exchange interface of heat transfer medium; The every groove that solid heat accumulation piece 6 surfaces have definite shape; Each piece is closely piled up each other each other, the guiding gutter that formation can circulate; Each solid heat-storage medium has good compactness, has very little voidage, and is optimum less than 10%; Each solid heat-storage medium surface of further optimizing has sealant, further reduces the phenomenon of osmosis of the heat transfer medium that self brings because of voidage.This heat storage units integral elongated, 600m for example, size is very big on axial direction, and simultaneously because the Design on thermal insulation axially, axial heat conduction speed is low, has good mesolimnion topology layout, can easily obtain storage, the input and output of high-grade thermal source; The position is high-end to be high-temperature heat-transfer medium heat accumulation input and heat exchange output, and the position low side is accomplished the output of heat accumulation and carried out the heat exchange input port for the cryogenic heat transfer medium.A plurality of this kind heat storage units arranged in arrays, integral level arrange that the solid heat-storing device that constitutes horizontal arrangement is whole.
Fig. 9 is the inner solid heat accumulation block structure sketch map of Fig. 8 heat storage units; As shown in Figure 9, single solid heat accumulation piece 6 surfaces are provided with the guiding gutter that the heat transfer medium water conservancy diversion is used, and this thermal trough solid heat accumulation piece 6 backs of adjacent close arrangement solid heat accumulation piece 6 of forming the airtight flow-guiding channel compact structure of cross section with it is close to and is arranged and form; The more traditional metal heat-conducting pipeline of this passage of heat has clear superiority; A plurality of passages of heat can be arranged in solid heat accumulation piece 6 surfaces, can obtain little cross-sectional area and big heat transfer sheet area, and reduce the cost of manufacture of metal heat-conducting pipeline; And heat transferring medium can directly directly contact with the solid heat-storage medium; Have high efficient heat exchanging efficient, integral body has the good coefficient of heat transfer, bigger heat exchange surface, has huge heat exchange power; Solid heat accumulation piece 6 is preferably magnesia carbon brick, bulk density 3000kg/m3, and the about 1.1KJ/kgK of specific heat capacity, and have good thermal conductivity, and voidage is very low, and stable in properties is good solid heat accumulating.
The heat storage units embodiment that above-mentioned solid heat accumulation piece 6 with guiding gutter is closely piled up: the axially long 200m of this heat storage units; Diameter 1.5m, horizontal arrangement is on ground, and integral body becomes horizontal solid heat-storing device; The external diameter 1560mm of shell; Wall thickness 30mm, solid heat accumulation piece 6 is a magnesia carbon brick, the hole of 500 perforations of whole heat-storing device internal placement; The adjacent guiding gutter that presses alignment forms airtight cross section, and this cross-sectional area 51.6mm2, girth are 34.2mm; This heat-storing device heat accumulation utilizes its sensible heat, and the serviceability temperature difference is 150 ℃, dynamic heat that approximately can heat accumulation 40MWh; Suppose that the heat transfer medium in each hole is a conduction oil; And the conduction oil intermediateness is 1.5MPa, 295 ℃, and 200 ℃ of input and output temperature differences (by 395 ℃ to 195 ℃); The flow velocity 0.8m/s that single hole is inner, then input power is greater than being 8MWt; Through calculating, the coefficient of heat transfer in the pipe approximately can reach 555W/ ㎡ k; The tube fluid and the tube wall temperature difference assumed average temperature difference are 5k, and then total heat exchange power is about and is to meet the demands 9.7MWt; Have good heat accumulation and heat exchange property.
Figure 10 is another example structure sketch map of solid heat accumulation piece of the present invention; Shown in figure 10; Solid heat accumulation piece 6 surfaces have oblique parallel slot, the non-parallel superimposed layout of solid heat accumulation piece 6 its surperficial guiding gutters of two overlapped layouts, and the contacted with it solid heat accumulation of guiding gutter piece 6 non-channel guide section divide the formation cross section airtight guiding gutter; Solid heat accumulation piece 6 guiding gutters that are in contact with one another with it are in contact with one another; Accomplish the contact of internal turbulence once more of heat transfer medium, be beneficial to the raising of the coefficient of heat transfer of heat transfer medium, whole heat exchange power is good.
Figure 11 is the shell example structure sketch map of heat storage units of the present invention; Above-described heat storage units shell needs for example 2.5MPa of pressure-bearing, for example 400 ℃ of heatproofs (the inside heat transfer medium of flowing through is 2.5MPa, 395 ℃), and shell all is designed to unified conventional pipelines, diameter 820mm for example, thickness is 15mm; And this shell 2 is a steel material, has good thermal conductivity factor, and this shell 2 receives the heat of fluid; Because of thickness own is thicker, have lower thermal resistance and good heat transfer performance, the heat that can will enter the mouth and receive; Reach the port of export of shell 2 apace along shell wall; Heating port of export heat transfer medium, thus the temperature of heat storage units low-temperature space is risen, destroy the mesolimnion structure of heat-storing device design; Therefore need to reduce the wall thickness of metal shell 2; Minimizing is passed to the heat-storage medium of low-temperature space through heat accumulation shell 2; Shown in figure 11, metal shell 2 adopts thin shell 2, and for example thickness is 8mm; The outer wall certain intervals location arrangements of metal shell has external reinforcing flange 12, and these reinforcing flange 12 cross sections are for falling T-shape; And each reinforcing flange 12 is arranged the thermal insulation layer 13 with low heat conductivity material, for example annular withstand voltage calcium silicate board with the junction of metal shell 2; The reduction of metal shell 2 wall thickness and the layout of insulating layer structure 13 have increased the thermal resistance to the low-temperature space dissipate heat, the thermoclinic stability that further guarantees, and the processing cost of reduction metal shell 2.
Solid heat-storage medium of the present invention does not have flowability, and heat accumulation utilizes solid state heat accumulation, security of operation; The solid heat-storage medium is piled up according to certain rules; Partly or entirely surperficial direct and heat transfer medium contact heat-exchanging; Need not increase the pipeline transition, have huge heat exchange interface area, also contact well, can make things convenient for inputing or outputing of completion heat at a high speed; Strengthened the heat transfer rate (power promptly conducts heat) between solid heat-storage medium and the heat transfer medium in a large number, made heat-storing device have the good whole heat exchange
Performance; Simultaneously, because cross section of fluid channel is long-pending big, the heat transfer medium flows resistance is little, and droop loss is little, can reduce system's operation energy consumption.Fine and close material that solid heat accumulation piece has or surficial sealing layer design or the design of confining bed shell make it absorb heat transfer medium
Few, cost is low, and material lifetime is longer.The inner heat-storage medium thermal conductivity of heat storage units is higher, radially or width conduct heat very fast, but high power heat absorption and heat release, can try one's best stores and extracts heat with the mode of approaching former temperature grade; On axial or length direction; Because size is big or have Design on thermal insulation, heat transfer rate is slower, can keep certain thermograde for a long time; Help avoiding high-grade (temperature) thermal source guaranteeing the heat output quality because the samming trend of high low-temperature region causes grade (temperature) to descend as far as possible; The heat transfer medium of diversion Design guiding simultaneously more helps the good heat exchange effect of heat transfer medium at the inner rule flow path of heat storage units; Implement heat accumulation input grading control and heat exchange output grading control between certain heat accumulation district of heat storage units respectively, and the heat accumulation input that can also implement the different temperatures grade controls with heat exchange output, can improve greatly and store up and the high-grade more of the heat that swaps out.The unit-combination type structure is flexible configuration as required, and convenient and reliable cost is low.The overall cost of this solid heat-storing device is low, heat conduction good, thermal capacitance is big, can be applicable to various heat accumulations and uses, particularly solar energy heat utilization system.
Obviously, under the prerequisite that does not depart from true spirit of the present invention and scope, the present invention described here can have many variations.Therefore, the change that all it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that all should be included within the scope that these claims contain.The present invention's scope required for protection is only limited described claims.
Claims (17)
1. a solid heat-storing device is characterized in that, said solid heat-storing device is combined by at least one heat storage units series connection and/or parallel connection; This heat storage units comprises solid heat-storage medium and the outside heat-insulation layer that shell, enclosure are arranged; With solid
The outer surface of body heat-storage medium is a heat exchange interface, directly contacts the generation heat exchange with heat transfer medium; Said heat storage units interior reservoir thermal medium is along being set to the mesolimnion layout structure on the length axial direction.
2. solid heat-storing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said heat storage units comprises that thermal insulation layer is set between the heat accumulation district of a plurality of series connection forms the mesolimnion structure.
3. solid heat-storing device according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said thermal insulation layer is the gap between the heat accumulation district.
4. solid heat-storing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the material of said solid heat-storage medium be refractory brick, rock, pottery, glass, graphite, coal, amorphous graphite, metal, ore, slag, concrete etc. wherein a kind of or
At least two kinds mixture.
5. solid heat-storing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said solid heat accumulation piece is brick fuel or magnesia carbon brick.
6. solid heat-storing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said solid heat-storage medium structure is a solid heat accumulation piece, and its dense materials has less than 10% voidage.
7. solid heat-storing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said solid heat accumulation piece surface has guiding gutter and/or fin as heat exchange interface.
8. solid heat-storing device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, said a plurality of solid heat accumulation pieces have cross one another heat exchange guiding gutter and/or fin between the surface.
9. solid heat-storing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said solid heat accumulation piece adopts motlten metal with solid heat-storage medium material or the casting of its mixture, and condensation cured becomes integral body to form.
10. solid heat-storing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said solid heat accumulation piece comprises the sealing shell and be filled in the solid heat-storage medium material of sealing enclosure that integral body has solid shape and self-supporting ability.
11. solid heat-storing device according to claim 10 is characterized in that, said sealing shell is a metal material, like can, metal tube, metal hollow ball, metal-back etc.
12. solid heat-storing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said heat storage units carries out heat accumulation input or heat exchange output grading control in specific heat accumulation district.
13. solid heat-storing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said heat storage units is implemented the multi-layer classification control of different temperatures grade.
14. solid heat-storing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the shell of said heat storage units is the relative thin wall metallic pipe, and strengthens voltage endurance capability through the external reinforcing flange.
15. solid heat-storing device according to claim 14 is characterized in that, the thermal insulation layer that placed in close contacts between said reinforcing flange and outer shell outer wall.
16. solid heat-storing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that said heat storage units is vertically arranged.
17. solid heat-storing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said heat storage units level or have ground, certain angle of inclination horizontal arrangement relatively.
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| PCT/CN2012/076420 WO2012171436A1 (en) | 2011-06-12 | 2012-06-04 | Solid heat storage device |
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