CN102814843A - 硬木条产品及其制造方法 - Google Patents

硬木条产品及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN102814843A
CN102814843A CN2012102043676A CN201210204367A CN102814843A CN 102814843 A CN102814843 A CN 102814843A CN 2012102043676 A CN2012102043676 A CN 2012102043676A CN 201210204367 A CN201210204367 A CN 201210204367A CN 102814843 A CN102814843 A CN 102814843A
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P·E·伯顿
G·T·库尔撒德
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Lignor Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
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    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/02—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board the layer being formed of fibres, chips, or particles, e.g. MDF, HDF, OSB, chipboard, particle board, hardboard
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/13—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board all layers being exclusively wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/14—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood board or veneer
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Abstract

一种基于桉树种和异氰酸酯粘合剂如PMDI的条板或板材产品及其制造方法，所述方法包括：a）砍伐来自生长8-12年人造树林的桉树原木；b）由原木形成条板；c）将包含多亚甲基二异氰酸酯和蜡的粘合剂加入到条板中；d）由所述条板形成垫；e）使用压机挤压和加热所述垫，形成条板产品。

Description

硬木条产品及其制造方法
本申请是国际申请号为PCT/AU2004/001756，国际申请日为2004年12月15日的PCT国际申请进入中国国家阶段后申请号为200480040844.3，发明名称为“硬木条产品”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及硬木产品，具体不仅是由桉树加工的条板，还有桉树加工的板材。
背景技术
已知有许多人工制成的木材产品，包括刨花板(PB)、中密度纤维板(MDF)、胶合板、单板层积板(LVL)和定向纤维板(OSB)。
刨花板对大多数建筑用途而言其强度不足。胶合板需要来自较高级别原木的层积板(veneer sheet)。MDF产品具有多种用途，但是一般缺乏结构强度和抗湿性。OSB和LVL产品有广泛的用途，但是抗湿性相对较低。这些产品的结构强度以及扣件(fastening)的保持能力也是将来的发展方向。
LVL是对老的胶合板工业技术的改进，但同样依赖于树龄长的或大直径的树，通常为40年或以上，直径约为500mm的树。这使得由原木得到LVL产品的转化率相对较低。
层积条板(Laminated strand lumber)(LSL)是另一种人工制成的木材产品，但是使用软木如白杨和北美鹅掌秋(yellow poplar)制成。这些树种生长相对迅速，还发现这种产品可作为施工木材的商业用途。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种由一种或多种硬木制成的改进的条板或板材产品，或至少提供对现有产品的一种替代品。
本发明一个方面涉及条板或板材产品，这些产品包括用含异氰酸酯或酚醛树脂的粘合剂粘结在一起的一种或多种桉树树种的基本对齐的条板。
在一个优选实施方式中，桉树树种是蓝桉(Bluegum)(E.Globulus)、红桉(Karri)(E.Diversicolor)、柳窿桉(Sydney Bluegum)(E.Saligna)、美叶桉(Marri)(E.Calophylla)或加拉桉(Jarrah)(E.Marginata)，粘合剂包括多亚甲基二异氰酸酯(PMDI)树脂。粘合剂较好还包含蜡如石蜡乳液。
条板较好的平均长度为145-180mm，平均宽度约为10-25mm，平均厚度为0.5-1.5mm。较好的是至少70%的条板完全对齐。较好的是，所述产品的密度为600-850kg/m3。较好的是，所述产品的弹性模量大于等于14000N/mm2。
附图说明
参照附图说明本发明的优选实施方式，附图示意性显示制造条板产品的方法。
具体实施方式
参照附图，应理解本发明可以在目的范围的各种不同产品中进行实施。在此简要描述的方法是基于Siempelkamp ContiRollTM系统，并仅以举例的方式给出。制造条板或板材的其它方法也适用。
如该附图所示，该方法第一步是砍伐桉树属的原木和其它类似硬材原木10。优选的桉树树种是蓝桉(E.Globulus)、红桉(E.Diversicolor)、柳窿桉(E.Saligna)、美叶桉(E.Calophylla)或加拉桉(E.Marginata)。在人造树林如蓝桉(E.Globulus)和柳窿桉(E.Saligna)情况，这些树较好生长约8-12年，直径约150-200mm。在森林疏伐情况，如红桉(E.Diversicolor)、美叶桉(E.Calophylla)或加拉桉(E.Marginata)，这些树较好生长不到30年，直径小于400mm。在一特定产品中可以使用单一树种，或者组合多种树种。
原木在通过条板机(strander)12之前进行剥皮。通常使用环形条板机，将固定长度或任意长度的原木切割成特定长度、宽度和厚度的条板。这些条板的长度宜约为145-180mm，宽度约为10-25mm，厚度约为0.5-1.5mm。
条板在13干燥至水分较好小于5%，然后按照产品说明在筛14中进行分级。仓库16保存经干燥和分级的条板，直到需要时。
废树皮或不合格的条板以及细屑提供给加热装置15作为燃料，该装置产生干燥器和该方法的其它部件所用的热量。约70%初始的原木被用来制造产品。其余30％中大部分用于加热装置。
根据指令，条板从仓库16传送到树脂掺合机17，按照要求的比例，通常在该掺合机中加入分别约6-10%和2%的为干物质的树脂和蜡。混合后的条板树脂和蜡被称作“配料”，并保存在储存仓库18中。
优选的树脂是异氰酸酯粘合剂，如多亚甲基二异氰酸酯(PMDI)。也可以使用酚醛树脂或其它树脂，但是这些树脂的有利性质较低。优选的蜡是石蜡乳液，如MobilerTM(从Mobile Australia获得)，或从Dynea and Oest得到的类似产品。此时可加入其它添加剂如杀虫剂、杀真菌剂和阻燃剂，并进行混合，以确保均匀分布在整个成品产品的基质中。
将配料从仓库18供给成垫机(mat former)19，在该成垫机中条板进行对齐并堆积，形成所需量的垫。组合使用对齐和堆积来控制制成的垫的机械强度。形成的条板基本对齐或单向排列。通常至少70%的条板被对齐。某些板材产品还需要一个垂直于顶层和/或底层进行对齐的条板的中心层。
然后，该垫通过检测站20，检测重量、水分和基本特性。任何不合格的材料或作为废物传送到加热装置，或留下进行特殊加工。
通过检测站的垫先通过一个预热站，然后到连续压机21，形成短木段或木板，短木段的厚度通常约为30-90mm，木板的厚度约为8-30mm，它们的宽度都最大为2.7m，长15m。该压机加热木材至大于100℃，保持至少1分钟。短木段在22冷却，在23精整和/或在24锯成施工木材产品。
采用这种方法可以由桉树制造完全符合建筑评定等级，没有节疤、弓形、扭曲和翘板的产品。材料的密度分布也基本均匀。在木板产品情况，该产品适用作如地板、混凝土框架、棚板，在用于建筑木产品的木材情况，适用作例如梁和柱、帽木和过梁、搁栅和椽、壁、立柱和板以及木工产品。
已经证实这种产品与大多数其它软木和硬木产品相比具有许多优点。具有高表面致密性、抗湿性，并显示在水分存在下的低溶胀率。此外，锯和钉子的固定性能在所有平面都较高。
使用蓝桉(E.Globulus)原木和红桉(E.Diversicolor)(疏伐木)的测试产品具有下面特性：
1.弹性模量，对蓝桉约为14,000N/mm2，对红桉约为20,000N/mm2。
2.溶胀，在标准24小时溶胀测试中，两种产品的溶胀都小于2％。
3.内粘结强度为1.21N/mm2。
4.在所有平面上高的锯和插钉性能。
5.均匀的密度分布。
6.表面致密性为2.42N/mm2。
这 特性，尤其是弹性模量明显优于其它产品，如Radiata glulam,Douglas firglulam,Hyspan LVL和MGP12Pine，这些产品的模量例如分别约为12,500N/mm2、13,500N/mm2、13,500N/mm2和12,700N/mm2。
前面所述仅是有限的产品实施方式，可以在不偏离本发明范围下进行修改。

Claims (27)

1.一种制造硬木条板产品的方法，所述方法包括：
a）砍伐来自生长8-12年人造树林的桉树原木；
b）由原木形成条板；
c）将包含多亚甲基二异氰酸酯和蜡的粘合剂加入到条板中；
d）由所述条板形成垫；
e）使用压机挤压和加热所述垫，形成条板产品。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述人造树林是桉树树种，选自以下至少一种：
a）蓝桉(E.Globulus)；和
b）柳窿桉(E.Saligna)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，形成的条板具有以下至少一个：
平均长度为145-180mm；
平均宽度为10-25mm；和
平均厚度为0.5-1.5mm。
4.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括基本对齐所述条板。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，至少70％的条板完全对齐。
6.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，加入分别为6-10%和2%的为干物质的树脂和蜡。
7.如权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括将条板干燥至水分小于5%。
8.如权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括以下至少一个：
将原木剥皮，并将原木通过条板机形成条板；
将所述条板在筛中分级；
将干燥和分级的条板保存在仓库中，直到需要时；
根据指令，将条板从仓库传送到树脂掺合机中；
在掺合机中，按照所需的比例加入树脂和蜡，形成配料；
将所述配料供给成垫机，其中，所述条板对齐并堆积，形成所需量的垫；和
将所述垫通过预热站和连续压机，形成短木段或木板，所述压机加热木材至大于100℃，保持至少1分钟。
9.如权利要求1-8任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述短木段的厚度约为30-90mm，木板的厚度约为8-30mm。
10.如权利要求1-9任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括以下至少一个：
将垫通过检测站，所述监测站检测重量、水分和金属测定，将任何不合格的材料或作为废物传送到加热装置，或留下进行特殊加工；和
将废树皮或不合格的条板以及细屑提供给加热装置作为燃料，产生干燥器所用的热量。
11.如权利要求1-10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，形成的条板产品的密度为600-850kg/m3。
12.如权利要求1-11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述条板产品是木材或木板材。
13.如权利要求1-12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，形成的条板产品具有以下至少一个：
弹性模量至少为以下一个：
大于等于14,000N/mm2；和
对蓝桉(E.Globulus)原木约为14,000N/mm2；和
内粘结强度至少为以下一个：
大于等于1.21N/mm2；和
对蓝桉(E.Globulus)原木约为1.21N/mm2。
14.如权利要求1-13任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，砍伐直径为150-200mm的人造树林的原木。
15.如权利要求1-14任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：形成包括顶层、中心层和底层的垫，所述各层具有在各层中基本对齐的条板，其中，中心层的条板垂直于顶层和/或底层的条板进行对齐。
16.一种硬木条板产品，所述产品包括基本对齐的一种或多种桉树的条板，所述条板用包含多亚甲基二异氰酸酯和蜡的粘合剂粘合在一起。
17.如权利要求16所述的条板产品，其特征在于，所述桉树选自蓝桉(E.Globulus)、红桉(E.Diversicolor)、柳窿桉(E.Saligna)、美叶桉(E.Calophylla)或加拉桉(E.Marginata)的树种。
18.如权利要求16或17所述的条板产品，其特征在于，所述条板的平均长度为145-180mm。
19.如权利要求16-18任一项所述的条板产品，其特征在于，所述条板的平均宽度为10-25mm。
20.如权利要求16-19任一项所述的条板产品，其特征在于，所述条板的平均厚度为0.5-1.5mm。
21.如权利要求16-20任一项所述的条板产品，其特征在于，至少70%的条板完全对齐。
22.如权利要求16-21任一项所述的条板产品，其特征在于，所述条板产品的密度为600-850kg/m3。
23.如权利要求16-22任一项所述的条板产品，其特征在于，所述条板产品是木材产品。
24.如权利要求16-22任一项所述的条板产品，其特征在于，所述条板产品是木板材产品。
25.如权利要求16-24任一项所述的条板产品，其特征在于，所述条板产品的弹性模量大于等于14,000N/mm2。
26.如权利要求16-25任一项所述的条板产品，其特征在于，用于形成产品的条板干燥至水分小于5%。
27.如权利要求16-26任一项所述的条板产品，其特征在于，所述条板产品包括一种或多种生长8-12年桉树的基本对齐的条板。
CN2012102043676A 2004-01-27 2004-12-15 硬木条产品及其制造方法 Pending CN102814843A (zh)

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