CN102811804A - 含用pDADMAC涂布的活性炭颗粒的过滤器及其制造方法 - Google Patents
含用pDADMAC涂布的活性炭颗粒的过滤器及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102811804A CN102811804A CN201080061503XA CN201080061503A CN102811804A CN 102811804 A CN102811804 A CN 102811804A CN 201080061503X A CN201080061503X A CN 201080061503XA CN 201080061503 A CN201080061503 A CN 201080061503A CN 102811804 A CN102811804 A CN 102811804A
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- Prior art keywords
- cationic polymer
- activated carbon
- filter
- coating
- carbon granule
- Prior art date
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Abstract
生产涂布的活性炭的体系与方法的实施方案包括下述步骤:提供粒度最多约100微米的活性炭颗粒,和通过喷洒阳离子聚合物溶液的液滴到活性炭颗粒表面上,其中阳离子聚合物溶液包括约1%-约15%重量的阳离子聚合物和液滴大小为约5微米-约100微米。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般地涉及水过滤器和生产可饮用水的方法,和具体地涉及含具有聚合物涂层的活性炭的水过滤器,及其制造方法。
背景技术
流体污染物,尤其在水中的污染物可包括各种元素和组合物,例如重金属(例如,铅),微生物(例如,细菌,病毒),酸(例如,腐殖酸)或在NSF/ANSI标准No.53中列出的任何污染物。此处所使用的术语“微生物”,“微生物有机物”,“微生物试剂”和“病原体”可互换使用。此处所使用的这些术语是指各类微生物,它们可表征为细菌,病毒,寄生虫,原生动物,和病原体微生物。在各种情况下,在水可被使用之前,必须除去以上列出的这些污染物。例如,在许多医疗应用中和在制造一些电子组件中,要求极纯的水。作为更加常见的实例,在水可饮用,即适合于消费之前,必须从水中除去任何有害的污染物。尽管在一些工业/城市水处理系统中进行了过滤,但这些过滤器可能不适合于和/或实现不了在消费者友好的水过滤应用中使用适合的或者所要求的除去性能,例如家用和个人使用过滤器应用,和/或生产可饮用水。结果,继续需要具有改进的污染物除去性能的过滤器。
发明概述
根据一个实施方案,提供生产涂布的活性炭的方法。该方法包括下述步骤:提供粒度最大约100微米的活性炭颗粒,和通过在活性炭颗粒表面上喷涂阳离子聚合物溶液的液滴来涂覆活性炭颗粒,其中该阳离子聚合物溶液包括约1-约15wt%阳离子聚合物,和液滴尺寸为约5微米-约100微米。
鉴于下述详细说明,结合附图,将更加充分地理解通过本发明的实施方案提供的这些和额外的目的与优点。
附图简述
当结合所包括的附图阅读时,可最好地理解本发明具体实施方案的下述详细说明。
图1A和1B是次级离子质谱法(SIMS)显微图,它分别描绘了碳颗粒离子和阳离子聚合物离子的位置,当在活性炭上喷涂液滴大小为80-120微米的12wt%pDADMAC溶液时;
图2A和2B是根据本发明的一个或更多个实施方案的SIMS显微图,它分别描绘了碳颗粒离子和阳离子聚合物离子的位置,当在活性炭上喷涂液滴大小为20微米的4wt%pDADMAC溶液时;
图3是根据本发明的一个或更多个实施方案,描绘生产阳离子涂布的活性炭颗粒的方法的流程图。
附图中列出的实施方案本质上是阐述性的,且不打算为限制要求保护的发明。而且,鉴于该详细说明,附图和本发明的单独的特征将更加充分地显而易见和得到理解。
详细说明
本发明公开内容的实施方案涉及活性炭过滤器,它包括在其上具有阳离子聚合物涂层的活性炭颗粒,和制造这些涂布的活性炭颗粒的方法。具体地,本发明公开的实施方案涉及施加阳离子聚合物涂层,其方式使得减少洗脱。此处所使用的“洗脱(elution)”是指当引入水时,洗涤掉在活性炭颗粒上的至少一部分阳离子聚合物。当期望生产纯化的可饮用水时,阳离子聚合物洗脱到待过滤的水内是非所需的。因此,本发明的方法优化涂层的均匀度和数量(quantity)以最小化洗脱,同时维持微生物的除去性能。
以下详细地描述的活性炭过滤器可独立地操作,从流体中除去污染物,例如重金属,腐殖酸,和/或微生物,或者可以一前一后地(intandem)使用,以便更加有效地和/或在增加的水平下除去这些污染物。例如,本发明的过滤器能满足针对微生物纯化器的EPA指南标准,该标准推荐细菌RT的6log下降,对MS2抗菌素显示出4log下降。可在工业和商业应用中以及个人消费应用中,例如家用和个人使用应用中,使用水过滤器。可操作水过滤器,与本领域技术人员熟悉的各种固定设备、用具或组件一起使用。
碳过滤器可包括活性炭颗粒,且可包括各种合适的组合物和结构。在一个实施方案中,碳过滤器可以是含活性炭颗粒或压缩到块结构内的粉末的过滤块。此处所使用的措辞“过滤块”拟指粘结到一起形成能过滤液体,例如水,空气,烃和类似物的结构的过滤器颗粒的混合物。这种过滤块可包括过滤器颗粒,粘合剂颗粒和除去特定污染物,例如铅,汞,砷等的其他颗粒或纤维。过滤块的几何形状和流动图案可以变化。许多当前予以考虑的过滤块制造方法之一是使用欧姆加热的单一腔室压模法。
或者,碳过滤器可包括有或无粘合剂的碳颗粒的松散床。在另一实施方案中,活性炭颗粒可浸渍在本领域技术人员熟悉的任何基底介质,例如非织造基底内。而且,本发明的过滤器也可包括其他过滤器系统,其中包括反向渗透系统,紫外光系统,臭氧系统,离子交换系统,电解水系统,和本领域技术人员已知的其他水处理系统。此外,本发明的过滤器可包括在过滤块周围包裹的预滤器,以防止过滤块被悬浮颗粒堵塞。此外,本发明的过滤器可包括指示器系统和/或切断(shut-off)系统,以指示消费者过滤器的剩余寿命/能力,并切断过滤器,每当过滤器的剩余寿命/能力为0时。
根据一些例举的实施方案,碳过滤器中的活性炭颗粒可包括各种来源的碳,例如木材基碳,椰子碳,或其结合物。本发明还考虑其他来源,例如合适的木质纤维素衍生的碳。在一些实施方案中,可期望使用碳颗粒的混合物,以实现所需的颗粒和孔径分布。例如,木材基碳(它主要是介孔的(mesoporous)(孔大小为2-50纳米))和椰子碳(它主要是微孔的(孔大小小于2纳米))可一起混合。这种活性炭颗粒结构和组合物的实例参见美国专利Nos.7,316,323,6,852,224,6,827,854,6,783,713,6,733,827,6,565,749,6,423,224,6,290,848,和美国公布Nos.20080015611,20070080103,20040159596,20040232065,20040129617和20040164018,所有在此通过参考全文引入。
此处所使用的措辞“中值粒度”是指其中50%颗粒的总体积在其下或其上的颗粒直径。这一中值粒径表示为Dv,0.50。尽管许多方法和设备是将颗粒分级成离散尺寸的领域的技术人员已知的,但筛分是最容易,最便宜和常见的测量粒度和粒度分布的方式之一。测定颗粒粒度分布的替代的优选方法是采用光散射。此外,措辞“颗粒跨度(particlespan)”是给定颗粒样品的统计表示且可如下所述计算。首先,如上所述计算中值粒径Dv,0.50。然后,通过类似的方法,测定在10wt%分级Dv,0.10下分离颗粒样品的颗粒大小,然后测定在90体积%分级Dv,0.90下分离颗粒样品的颗粒大小。颗粒跨度然后等于:(Dv,0.90-Dv,0.10)/Dv,0.50。在一个例举的实施方案中,碳过滤器可包括中值粒度小于约100微米,小于约50微米,小于约40微米,小于约37.5微米,或小于约35微米的活性炭过滤器颗粒。而且,过滤器颗粒可具有小于或等于约1.8,小于或等于约1.5,小于或等于约1.4和小于或等于约1.3的颗粒跨度。
另外,活性炭可显示出约0.5ml/gm-约0.7ml/gm的中孔体积,和约1ml/gm-约1.5ml/gm的总孔体积。而且,在一个例举的实施方案中,活性炭可包括孔径为约2nm-约50nm,粒度大小为直径约30微米,和跨度为约1-约1.6,或约1.3-约1.4的孔径。此处所使用的术语“中孔”拟指宽度或直径为2nm-50nm(或者,相当地,20埃-500埃)的颗粒内孔。此处所使用的措辞“中孔体积”是指所有中孔的体积。
根据一个或更多个实施方案,可用阳离子聚合物涂布活性炭颗粒。本发明中使用的例举的阳离子聚合物选自:聚(N-甲基乙烯基胺),聚烯丙基胺,聚烯丙基二甲基胺,聚二烯丙基甲基胺,聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(pDADMAC),聚二丙烯基二甲基三氟甲磺酸铵(pDADMAT),聚二丙烯基二甲基硝酸铵(pDADMAN),聚二丙烯基二甲基高氯酸铵(pDADMAP),聚乙烯基氯化吡啶聚(2-乙烯基吡啶),聚(4-乙烯基吡啶),聚乙烯基咪唑,聚(4-氨基甲基苯乙烯),聚(4-氨基苯乙烯),聚乙烯基(丙烯酰胺基-共-二甲基氨丙基丙烯酰胺),聚乙烯基(丙烯酰胺基-共-二甲基氨乙基甲基丙烯酸酯),聚乙烯亚胺,聚赖氨酸,DAB-Am和PAMAM枝状体,聚氨基酰胺,聚六亚甲基双胍,聚二甲基胺-表氯醇,氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,N-(2-氨乙基)-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷,N-三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵,双(三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺,壳聚糖,接枝淀粉,通过甲基氯从而烷化聚乙烯亚胺的产物,用表氯醇烷化聚氨基酰胺的产物,具有阳离子单体的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺,二甲基氨乙基丙烯酸酯甲基氯(AETAC),二甲基氨乙基甲基丙烯酸酯甲基氯(METAC),丙烯酰胺基丙基三甲基氯化铵(APTAC),甲基丙烯酰基酰胺基丙基三甲基氯化铵(MAPTAC),二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(DADMAC),紫罗烯,硅烷类及其混合物。优选地,阳离子聚合物选自:聚氨基酰胺,聚乙烯亚胺,聚乙烯基胺,聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(pDADMAC),聚二甲基胺-表氯醇,聚六亚甲基双胍,聚-[2-(2-乙氧基)-乙氧基乙基-胍]氯化物。
尽管许多阳离子聚合物考虑在涂料中使用,但在一个实施方案中,阳离子聚合物包括单独的聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(pDADMAC)或其与一种或更多种阳离子聚合物的结合物。阳离子聚合物溶液可包括约1%-约15wt%的阳离子聚合物,或约2%-约8wt%的阳离子聚合物,或具体地约2wt%的阳离子聚合物。在干燥之后,pDADMAC可包括约1%-约4wt%,或约2wt%pDADMAC涂布的碳。另外,还发现,pDADMAC聚合物的分子量部分依赖于DADMAC的聚合度,它会影响pDADMAC涂层的功效。例如,已发现,重均分子量(Mw)最多约200,000g/mol和数均分子量(Mn)最多约100,000g/mol的pDADMAC聚合物优于聚合物Mw为约300,000g/mol-约500,000g/mol和Mn为约150,000g/mol-约300,000g/mol的pDADMAC聚合物。在采用较大的聚合物链的情况下,更大的可能性是在碳颗粒表面上的pDADMAC罩面层,这可导致洗脱。
另外,碳过滤器可包括有机粘合剂,无机粘合剂,或其结合物。合适的粘合剂的一个实例是聚乙烯粘合剂。而且,尽管碳块过滤器有效地除去所有类型的流体污染物,但可期望使用额外的重金属除去组合物。例如,无定形硅酸钛(ATS)高度有效作为铅吸收剂。本发明考虑其他合适的重金属除去组分。还考虑使用额外的组分,例如离子交换树脂,额外的吸附剂,或其结合物。
例如,图3所示的进一步的实施方案涉及施加阳离子涂层到活性炭颗粒上的改进方法。如上所述,活性炭颗粒可包括各种大小,这取决于寻求除去的污染物。在一个实施方案中,活性炭颗粒包括最多约100微米,或20微米-80微米或约30微米-40微米的平均粒度。此处所使用的“平均粒度”是指颗粒总体积的平均直径。可通过在活性炭颗粒表面上喷涂阳离子聚合物溶液的液滴,涂布活性炭颗粒。液滴可包括约5微米-约100微米,或约15微米-约55微米,或约20微米-约30微米的大小。通过减小粒度,阳离子涂层更加均匀度和均一地分配在活性炭颗粒上,从而最小化阳离子聚合物的洗脱。
图1A-2B示出了涂布的活性炭颗粒的对比次级离子质谱(SIMS)图像。对于图1A-1B和2A-2B来说,活性炭颗粒分别包括36和35微米的中值粒度。图1A-2B示出了根据本发明的一个或更多个实施方案,借助80-120微米的液滴,通过喷涂12wt%pDADMAC溶液生产的涂布的活性炭颗粒(图1A和1B)和借助20微米的液滴,通过喷涂4wt%pDADMAC溶液生产的涂布的活性炭颗粒的图像(图2A和2B)。参考图1A和1B,左面的图像是对涂布的碳颗粒特异的C2离子的图型(map),和在右面的图型是对聚合物特异的氯离子的图型。如图1A-1B所示,碳颗粒的区域(field)(图1A)证明与聚合物的区域(图1B)非常小的一致性,这证明存在聚合物。相反,图2A和2B示出了碳(图2A)和聚合物(图2B)的位置之间紧密匹配。这两组图像表明视野为500×500微米的区域,且是这两个涂布碳样品拍摄的数个不同的图像的代表。阳离子聚合物溶液可包括本领域技术人员熟悉的任何合适的溶剂,例如水,烷基醇,或其结合物。通过在阳离子聚合物溶液内稀释一定量的阳离子聚合物,聚合物的迁移率增加,且它得到向外伸展的聚合物链空间,因此增强了阳离子聚合物和活性炭颗粒之间的粘结机构。稀释还增加喷涂时间,从而提供在混合器内较长的停留时间,于是最大化阳离子聚合物的连接。通过最大化阳离子聚合物的连接,减少阳离子聚合物的洗脱。
对于喷涂阳离子聚合物来说,各种装置和反应机理予以考虑。例如,可将碳颗粒置于任何合适的反应容器,例如梨片式混合器,静态或移动床反应器,流化床反应器等内。为了传输阳离子聚合物,反应容器必须连接到喷涂装置上或者与之连通。例如,反应容器可包括喷嘴端口,所述喷嘴端口允许喷雾传输阳离子涂料到反应容器内。喷涂时间范围可以是约30秒一直到数小时,这取决于传输的阳离子聚合物溶液量和在活性炭颗粒上所需的涂料量。一种合适的商业实施方案是具有喷嘴端口的Littleford FM-130梨片式混合器。尽管许多喷涂系统适合于连接到反应容器的喷嘴端口上,但一种合适的商业装置是由Spraying Systems生产的SUN13双流体喷嘴。其他合适的商业装置包括由Spraying Systems生产的SUE 15和SUE 25商业喷嘴。SUN 13是内部混合喷嘴,其中阳离子涂料溶液和剪切液体溶液生产液滴的空气在喷雾嘴内部混合。SUE 15和SUE 25商业喷嘴是外部混合喷嘴,其中空气和阳离子溶液在离开喷嘴之后混合。可在空气压力下,在约60psi-约90psi的喷嘴处进行涂布步骤。另外,可采用液体压力,在约20psi-约90psi的喷嘴处进行涂布步骤。在反应容器内的压力为或者接近于1atm。事实上,该容器可以是在喷雾传输过程中放空,以避免加压。
在涂布之后,可干燥涂布的活性炭颗粒。在一个实施方案中,涂布的活性炭颗粒可在与涂布所使用的系统反应容器内干燥。例如,梨片式混合器可加夹套,以便它适合于真空干燥。大气压或非真空烘箱,环形干燥器,或其他合适的实施方案也在本发明中予以考虑。各种干燥温度和干燥时间在本发明中予以考虑。例如,可在约50℃-约150℃,或70℃-约100℃,或约80℃的足以得到产品温度的温度下发生干燥。干燥时间可以变化,例如约30分钟-约4小时,或最多约3小时。在一个例举的实施方案中,可在约80℃的温度下进行干燥小于或等于约3小时的时间。正如发明人所发现的,若不控制干燥时间和温度,则该温度可引起季化聚合物还原成叔态,从而导致阳离子电荷降解且释放挥发性副产物,例如甲基氯。
如上所述,发明人意识到,pDADMAC在粒状碳上的吸收在主要疏水的表面上得到阳离子聚电解质,这可构成不稳定的状态,特别是在较高的温度下。结果,pDADMAC可重排,以消除电荷,从而从季化聚合物还原成叔聚合物并消除副产物,例如甲基氯。正如发明人所发现的,用非亲核抗衡离子替代pDADMAC中的氯离子可排除这一重排,并进而增加阳离子涂层的温度稳定性。尽管本发明予以考虑各种抗衡离子,例如硝酸根和高氯酸根,但在一个例举的实施方案中,抗衡离子可包括三氟甲磺酸盐替代氯化物。pDADMAT在高温下不那么可能从季型状态还原。
为了测试温度和电荷稳定性之间的关系,进行实验,以测量在碳上的电荷,这是由于通过反向离子交换HPLC-UV吸收的pDADMAC所致。碳颗粒包装在小的操作盒内,并作为柱子与规则的高压液相色谱(HPLC)柱相连。在pDADMAC中季氮的氯抗衡离子被溴替代,而溴本身被硫酸盐替代,并相对于标准溴化物分析。然后可使用以下所述的电荷当量%度量标准(metric),计算由pDADMAC贡献的电荷:
针对pDADMAC的电荷当量如下所述:
电荷当量%pDADMAC=[样品电荷响应/mg÷Std RF/mg]×%StdpDADMAC
其中来自所有标准注射的标准响应因子(Std RF)是
Std RF/mg=[UV峰值面积响应÷40](溴化物标准基于40mg当量涂布的碳)。样品电荷响应是:
样品电荷响应/mg=[UV峰值面积响应÷样品重量(mg)]
“%Std pDADMAC”的数值为或者2或者0.5,这分别取决于人们分析碳涂布的粉末还是含涂布的碳的过滤器。
在下表1所示的两个实验实例中,用pDADMAC涂布的碳样品在真空下,两次置于80℃,120℃和160℃下3小时。在目标2wt%的水平下,采用测量为约1.8wt%的实际样品涂布碳。然后通过InverseIE-HPLC,分析样品的电荷vs标准溴化物。以以上所示的%电荷当量pDADMAC形式计算所得电荷。如下表1中所示,对照物得到1.81的%电荷当量pDADMAC。再次参考表1,在80℃-120℃之间没有观察到显著的变化;然而,在约160℃下,观察到大于50%的电荷损失,分别在实验1和2中得到数值0.81和0.72。
表1
如上所述,当再润湿涂布碳时,一部分阳离子聚合物涂层可洗脱。测定到洗脱与涂料水平部分相关连,这是因为“罩面涂布”(即具有超过碳表面某一负载能力的聚合物量)的活性炭颗粒证明更多的洗脱。在阳离子聚合物溶液内稀释阳离子聚合物和最小化液滴尺寸将得到洗脱和涂布均一性的改进。例如,与其他常规的涂布方法相比,以上所述的施加阳离子涂层的方法最小化阳离子聚合物洗脱至少60%,和在进一步的实施方案中,最小化阳离子聚合物的洗脱至少90%。
实施例
以下所述的实验方法目标在于在RGC粒状活性炭上2.0wt% FL4440(pDADMAC)溶液的涂层,假设在原始FL 4440(pDADMAC)溶液内约36%的聚合物固体浓度。
表2
目标涂层wt% | FL 4440的质量(kg) | 水的质量(kg) | RGC的质量(kg) |
1.0 | 0.55 | 19.45 | 20.00 |
1.5 | 0.84 | 19.16 | 20.00 |
2.5 | 1.39 | 18.61 | 20.00 |
3.0 | 1.67 | 18.33 | 20.00 |
将原料加入到单独的容器内:将18.9kg USP水和1.1kg FloquatFL4440加入到混合罐内,并将20.0kg RGC粒状活性炭加入到Littleford FM-130D梨片式混合器内。混合聚合物溶液5分钟,然后加压到20-25psi,然后将聚合物溶液经单一SUE15双流体雾化喷嘴(它使用60-90psi的空气)输送到FM-130D混合器中。在这些喷雾参数下,SUE 15喷嘴以20微米的液滴输送该溶液。在室温下,在这一涂布段过程中,RGC粒状活性炭在约80RPM的心轴旋转速度下混合。一旦溶液输送完成,则在FM-130D混合器上施加真空,并施加加压蒸汽,加热混合器夹套到约140℃的温度,其中RGC继续混合通过干燥段,目标产物温度为约80℃。一旦产物温度表明产物干燥时,从混合器中排放产物,并可掺入到例如过滤块内。
在生产过滤块的例举的实施方案中,用由45%活性炭,36%获自SAIInc.的椰子活性炭和3%获自Calgon Carbon的ATS铅吸收剂和16%聚乙烯粘合剂组成的粉末共混物填充混合器。将这一混合物的一部分置于模具内,并通过电阻加热,在8000J下加热碳。所得块的压缩强度为166PSI。将所得块制成水过滤器操作盒,并相对于用于微生物纯化器的EPA指导标准物,进行测试。该块显示出细菌RT的7.05l og下降,对MS2噬菌体显示出4.79log下降。相反,当使用16000kJ能量时进行相同实验时,聚合物降解,并注意到所得MS2损失和细菌RT性能。具体地,平均log细菌RT下降为4.46,而MS2细菌下降到1.33。
进一步注意到,此处不使用术语,例如“优选”,“一般地”,“通常”,“所需地”,和“典型地”来限制要求保护的发明的范围或者暗含一些特征对于要求保护的发明的结构或者功能来说是关键的,基本的,或者甚至重要的。相反,这些术语仅仅拟强调可以或者可以不在本发明的特定实施方案中使用的替代或额外特征。
详细地并且通过参考本发明的具体实施方案描述了本发明,显而易见的是,在没有脱离所附权利要求定义的本发明的范围的情况下,变化和改性是可能的。更具体地,尽管本发明的一些方面在此处被鉴定为优选或尤其有利的,但认为本发明并不必然限制到本发明的这些优选方面上。
在本发明的详细说明中引证的所有文献的相关部分在此通过参考引入,任何文献的引证不要解释为承认相对于本发明,它是现有技术。在这一书面文献中一个术语的任何含义或定义与通过参考引入的文献中该术语的任何含义或定义相冲突时,在这一书面文献中该术语所指的含义或定义占主导。
尽管阐述并描述了本发明的特别的实施方案,但对本领域的技术人员来说,显而易见的是,可在没有脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,作出各种其他变化好改性。因此,拟打算在所附权利要求中覆盖落在本发明范围内的所有这些变化和改性。
Claims (20)
1.一种生产涂布的活性炭的方法,该方法包括:
提供平均粒度最多约100微米的活性炭颗粒,和
通过喷雾阳离子聚合物溶液的液滴到活性炭颗粒的表面上来涂布活性炭颗粒,其中阳离子聚合物溶液包含约1%-约15%重量的阳离子聚合物并且液滴大小为约5微米-约100微米。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中阳离子聚合物包括:
聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(pDADMAC),聚二烯丙基二甲基三氟甲磺酸铵(pDADMAT)或二者。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中pDADMAC聚合物包括最多约200,000g/mol的重均分子量(Mw)和最多约100,000g/mol的数均分子量(Mn)。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中阳离子聚合物溶液包括约2%-约8%重量的阳离子聚合物。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中阳离子聚合物溶液包括约2%-约4%重量的阳离子聚合物。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中在约20psi-约90psi的液体压力下进行涂布步骤。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中在约60psi-约90psi的空气压力下进行涂布步骤。
8.权利要求1的方法,其中阳离子聚合物溶液的液滴大小为约15-约55微米。
9.权利要求1的方法,其中阳离子聚合物溶液的液滴大小为约20-约30微米。
10.权利要求1的方法,其中阳离子聚合物溶液的涂布最小化阳离子聚合物的洗脱至少60%。
11.权利要求1的方法,其中阳离子聚合物溶液的涂布最小化阳离子聚合物的洗脱至少90%。
12.权利要求1的方法,进一步包括干燥涂布的活性炭颗粒。
13.权利要求12的方法,其中在约70℃-约100℃的温度下发生干燥。
14.通过权利要求1的方法生产的涂布的活性炭颗粒。
15.一种过滤器,它包括通过权利要求1的方法生产的涂布的活性炭颗粒。
16.权利要求15的过滤器,其中涂布的活性炭颗粒在炭块过滤器内。
17.权利要求15的过滤器,其中涂布的活性炭颗粒形成为碳过滤器床。
18.权利要求15的过滤器,其中过滤器显示出细菌RT的6log下降,对MS2噬菌体显示出4log下降。
19.权利要求13的过滤器,其中涂布的活性炭颗粒浸渍在基底介质内。
20.权利要求1的过滤器,其中活性炭颗粒包括小于约100微米的中值颗粒。
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- 2010-12-09 AU AU2010337175A patent/AU2010337175B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2010-12-09 US US12/963,720 patent/US20110139701A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-12-09 KR KR1020187011008A patent/KR20180042469A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-12-09 RU RU2012129514/05A patent/RU2572884C2/ru active
- 2010-12-09 BR BR112012014489A patent/BR112012014489A2/pt active Search and Examination
- 2010-12-09 CA CA2784325A patent/CA2784325C/en active Active
- 2010-12-09 CN CN201080061503.XA patent/CN102811804B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2010-12-09 EP EP10798657.2A patent/EP2512652B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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CN107666947B (zh) * | 2015-05-01 | 2020-09-25 | 特励达科学与成像有限责任公司 | 经涂布颗粒状过滤介质 |
CN105921133A (zh) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-09-07 | 江苏省海洋资源开发研究院 | 一种纳米型复合吸附材料及其制备方法 |
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CN102811804B (zh) | 2015-04-15 |
EP2512652A1 (en) | 2012-10-24 |
JP5944829B2 (ja) | 2016-07-05 |
BR112012014489A2 (pt) | 2016-08-16 |
RU2572884C2 (ru) | 2016-01-20 |
CL2012001608A1 (es) | 2013-10-18 |
KR102028887B1 (ko) | 2019-10-08 |
WO2011081820A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
KR20130021353A (ko) | 2013-03-05 |
MX2012006811A (es) | 2013-01-17 |
AU2010337175B2 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
US20110139701A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
RU2012129514A (ru) | 2014-01-27 |
MX351435B (es) | 2017-10-13 |
CA2784325C (en) | 2018-02-20 |
JP2013513480A (ja) | 2013-04-22 |
US20170144132A1 (en) | 2017-05-25 |
EP2512652B1 (en) | 2018-03-21 |
CA2784325A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
AU2010337175A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
KR20180042469A (ko) | 2018-04-25 |
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