CN102811680A - 三尖瓣环 - Google Patents

三尖瓣环 Download PDF

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CN102811680A
CN102811680A CN2011800151400A CN201180015140A CN102811680A CN 102811680 A CN102811680 A CN 102811680A CN 2011800151400 A CN2011800151400 A CN 2011800151400A CN 201180015140 A CN201180015140 A CN 201180015140A CN 102811680 A CN102811680 A CN 102811680A
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layer
plane
structural portion
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CN102811680B (zh
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W·C·布鲁奈特
A·S·柯蒂斯
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Edwards Lifesciences Corp
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

具有两个自由端的人工三尖瓣再造瓣膜形成术环,其可配置为在XY平面中是硬的并且沿着Z轴是相对柔性的。三尖瓣环可设置为在XY平面上基本上为椭圆形,并且在Z方向上为鞍状。公开的三尖瓣环可包括内核、弹性体界面和外织物覆盖物。在一些实施方式中,内核可包括多个不同材料的堆叠的层。在一些实施方式中,内核可由单个材料形成并特定调整大小以产生在XY平面中的刚度比沿Z轴大的三尖瓣环。

Description

三尖瓣环
相关申请
本申请在35U.S.C.§119下要求于2010年1月22日提交的美国临时申请号61/297,686的优先权,通过引用以其整体并入本文。
技术领域
一般而言,本发明涉及医疗器械,并具体地涉及三尖瓣瓣膜成形术(瓣环成形术)环。
背景技术
在脊椎动物中,心脏是具有四个泵送室(pumping chamber)——左心房和右心房以及左心室和右心室——的中空肌肉器官,每个泵送室都设有其自己的单向瓣膜。天然的心瓣膜被称为主动脉瓣、二尖瓣(mitral或bicuspid))、三尖瓣和肺动脉瓣,并且每个瓣膜位于环状部(annulus)中,所述环状部包括与心房肌肉纤维和心室肌肉纤维直接或间接附连的致密纤维环。每个环状部限定流动孔。
心瓣膜疾病是其中心脏的一个或多个瓣膜不能恰当地发挥功能的普遍状况。患病的心瓣膜可被分为狭窄和/或闭锁不全,在瓣膜狭窄的情况下,瓣膜不能充分张开以允许足够的血液向前流动通过瓣膜,在瓣膜闭锁不全的情况下,瓣膜不能完全闭合,导致当瓣膜关闭时过多血液逆向流动通过瓣膜(回流)。如果不加治疗,瓣膜疾病能够严重地使人虚弱和甚至致命。
健康的三尖瓣环状部(三尖瓣瓣膜环,tricuspid valve annulus)在XY平面是基本上卵形的,其在Z方向上具有双峰鞍状。患病的三尖瓣环状部在Z方向上通常是基本上平的,并且可在XY平面中经历严重的膨胀。在心动周期期间,健康的瓣膜环状部通常在XY方向上膨胀,以及在Z方向上稍微突出鞍。在患病的瓣膜中,通常抑制孔膨胀,以及在心动周期期间基本上没有鞍突出。
各种外科手术技术可被用于修复患病的或受损的瓣膜。在瓣膜置换手术中,受损的小叶被切除,环状部被造型以容纳置换瓣膜。治疗缺陷瓣膜的另一较温和的方法是通过修复或重建,其通常用在最低程度钙化的瓣膜上。一种修复技术是重塑瓣膜成形术,其中通过将人工瓣膜成形术修复段(segment)或环(ring)附连至瓣膜环状部使变形的瓣膜环状部再成形。瓣膜成形术环被设计为支撑在心动周期期间发生的功能性改变:保持接合和瓣膜的完整性以阻止逆流,同时允许向前流动期间良好的血液动力学。
瓣膜成形术环通常包括金属的内部基底如不锈钢或钛的杆状物或带状物,或者柔性材料如硅橡胶或涤纶绳(Dacron cordage),覆盖有生物相容的织物或布以允许环被缝合至纤维环状部组织。瓣膜成形术环可以是刚性的或柔性的、裂开的或连续的,并且可以具有各种形状,包括环形、D形、C形或肾形。例子见美国专利号:5,041,130、5,104,407、5,201,880、5,258,021、5,607,471、6,187,040和6,908,482。
图1显示心脏解剖学定位的示意性图示,其图解左前斜轴投影中的心脏内的房室(AV)交接处和身体。观察处于直立位置的身体并且身体具有3个正交轴:上下、前后和左右。
图2是心脏从前方的剖面视图,或者前透视图,其中大部分主要结构已标出。众所周知,血液在心脏中的路径是从右心房通过三尖瓣到右心室,到达肺并从肺和从左心房通过二尖瓣到左心室。尽管某些方面可用于修复其它心瓣膜,但是本申请与三尖瓣的修复具体相关,三尖瓣调节右心房和右心室之间的血液流动。三尖瓣和二尖瓣一起限定AV交接处。
如图2所示,心脏壁中包含的四个结构引导脉冲(搏动)通过心肌使心房首先收缩然后是心室收缩。这些结构是窦房结(SA结)、房室结(AV结)、房室束和浦肯野纤维。在右心房的后壁上是称为窦房结或SA结的几乎不可见的组织结。该微小的区域在心脏的起搏器机构的控制下。搏动传导通常始于SA结中。它在静卧的成人体内产生每分钟约72次的低强度的短电脉冲。从该点,脉冲传播遍及组成两个心房的组织片,随着其传播刺激肌肉纤维。这引起两心房的收缩并因此将血液推进空的心室。脉冲很快到达位于心房和心室之间的另一个小的特化的组织结,该组织结称为AV结。该结使脉冲延迟约0.07秒,这是使心房完成其收缩的足够精确的时间。当脉冲到达AV结时,其通过几个房室束和浦肯野纤维传递到心室,这使它们收缩。如本领域技术人员所已知的,心脏传导系统的完整性和适当功能对良好健康状况是关键的。
图3是从其流入侧(从右心房)可见的三尖瓣孔的示意图,外周标志标记为:前隔连合(antero septal commissure)、前小叶、后连合、后小叶、后隔连合(postero septal commissure)和隔叶。与传统的方位命名相反,三尖瓣几乎是垂直的,如这些部分标记所反应的。从相同的角度,三尖瓣外科地示出暴露于图4中,其具有环状部22和三个小叶24a、24b、24c向内延伸入流动孔。腱索26将小叶连接至位于右心室内的乳头肌以控制小叶的运动。三尖瓣环状部22是瓣膜底部的卵形纤维环,其不如二尖瓣环状部突出,但外周更大。
反映其真实的解剖学位置,图4中的三个小叶被确定为隔叶24a、前小叶24b和后小叶(或″壁侧瓣叶″)24c。小叶在并置的三个突出区域上结合在一起,这些区域的外周交点通常被描述为连合28。通过扇形腱索26,小叶24系链在连合28处,扇形腱索26起于在右心室中发源的突出的乳头肌。隔叶24a是附连至心脏内的纤维三角、纤维“骨骼”结构的位置。3个小叶中最大的前小叶24b常常具有凹口(notch)。3个小叶中最小的后小叶24c通常是圆齿状的。
右冠状窦的口30开入右心房,托达罗腱(tendon of Todaro)32延伸至其近处。AV结34和房室束36的始端位于三尖瓣周围的上隔区域(supero-septal region)。AV结34直接位于AV隔的肌肉部分中的中心纤维体的右心房侧上,刚好在冠状窦30的口30的上方和前方。测量约为1.0mm×3.0mm×6.0mm,结是扁平的和大体卵形的。AV结34位于Koch三角区38的顶点,Koch三角区38由三尖瓣环状部22、冠状窦的开口30和托达罗腱32形成。AV结34延伸至房室束36上,通常经过三尖瓣的隔叶24a和前小叶24b之间的连合28之下的路径;但是,三尖瓣近处的房室束36的精确路径可以发生改变。而且,从右心房的切图(resectedview)来看房室束36的位置可能并不特别明显,因为其位于环状部组织之下。
Koch三角区30和托达罗腱32在三尖瓣修复手术期间提供解剖学上的标记。在外科手术期间要考虑的主要因素是传导系统(AV结34和房室束36)与隔叶24a的接近。当然,外科医生必须避免放置缝合处太接近AV结34或置于AV结34内。C-形环对三尖瓣修复来说是很好的选择,因为其允许外科医生将环中的缺口邻近于AV结34放置,因此避免了在该位置进行缝合的需要。
一种现有技术的刚性C形环是Carpentier-Edwards
Figure BDA00002172583500041
三尖瓣瓣膜成形术环,由Edwards Lifesciences Corporation of Irvine,CA出售,见图5A和5B。尽管未显示,平面环40具有由硅氧烷和织物层覆盖的内部钛核。这些环的尺寸从26mm到36mm,以2mm的增量增加,其具有介于31.2-41.2mm之间的外径(OD)和介于24.3-34.3mm之间的内径(ID)。这些直径沿跨环最大长度的“直径”线选取,因为其是传统的测量尺寸(sizing)的参数。每个中自由端42a、42b之间的缺口G提供中断,以避免附连于AV结34上。缺口G的各种大小范围介于约5-8mm之间,或者介于标记尺寸的约19%-22%之间。如图6的植入视图可见,缺口G的尺寸刚好大于AV结34。环通常使用单环中断的缝合沿着环的外边缘附连至心脏。尽管环末端之间的缺口,但是一些外科医生仍然忧虑将缝合处如此接近于传导性AV结34,尤其是考虑到还得另外关注房室束36。
柔性C形环由Sorin Biomedica Cardio S.p.A.of Via Crescentino,Italy,以名称SoveringTM出售。所述SoveringTM由覆盖有编织的聚酯(PET)织物的不透射线的硅氧烷核制成,以使其完全是柔性的。这些环的尺寸从28mm到36mm,以2mm的增量增加,其具有介于33.8-41.8mm之间的外径(OD)和介于27.8-35.8mm之间的内径(ID)。与其它三尖瓣环一样,自由端之间的缺口提供中断以避免附连于AV结上。SoveringTM的各种尺寸范围的缺口的范围介于约18-24mm之间,或者介于标记尺寸的约60%-70%之间。尽管该缺口有助于避免使缝合处接近于传导性AV结34和房室束36,但该环被设计为附连在隔叶任一侧面上的连合处,因此在隔侧上没有提供支撑。
无论完全是柔性的、刚性的或半刚性的,瓣膜成形术环有些时候与某种程度的心律不齐有关。现有技术瓣膜成形术环与移植10年后环裂开和/或传导组织干扰的10%至15%的发生率有关。另外,现有技术瓣膜成形术环与移植后残留的三尖瓣回流有关。刚性瓣膜成形术环,比如
Figure BDA00002172583500051
三尖瓣瓣膜成形术环可在XY平面上再成形天然环状部并优化小叶接合,但是环的刚性促使环状部在Z方向上贴合环,从而增加天然瓣膜组织中的应力。柔性的瓣膜成形术环可以足够柔性以贴合瓣解剖结构,但是不利地不能再成形天然瓣膜解剖结构。因此,尽管目前可用或过去建议了许多设计,但是需要解决使用现有技术三尖瓣环的这些和其他问题的改进的人工三尖瓣环。
发明内容
公开的三尖瓣环的实施方式可至少部分恢复三尖瓣环状部和/或右心室的正确解剖结构。根据本公开的三尖瓣环可配置为在XY平面(例如,环状部的平面)是硬的或刚性的,沿着Z轴或在Z方向是半柔性的。在XY平面内的刚度可使得公开的三尖瓣环的实施方式调整天然瓣膜环状部的大小,比如通过再成形正回流的扩张的三尖瓣。沿着Z轴的半柔性可使得三尖瓣环的一些实施方式贴合天然环状部的自然形状,从而降低在缝合处的应力,确保三尖瓣环在适当的位置。在一些实施方式中,本公开的三尖瓣可从而降低裂开的可能性。
在瓣膜成形术手术中使用的三尖瓣环的一种实施方式可包括包含沿着Z轴堆叠的多个层的内核、至少部分覆盖内核的弹性体界面和至少部分覆盖弹性体界面的生物相容的柔性层。三尖瓣环可配置为在XY平面是刚性的并且沿着Z轴是柔性的。
在一些实施方式中,多个层可包括至少一个结构层和至少一个界面层。该结构层可包括选自下列的至少一种材料:Elgiloy、Nitinol(镍钛金属互化物)、钛、不锈钢、钴铬和其合金。该界面层可包括选自下列的至少一种材料:聚酯、PET、PEEK、PTFE、聚碳酸酯、聚砜和聚苯砜。
结构层和界面层可沿着Z轴交替堆叠排列。在具体的实施方式中,多个层可包括四个结构层和三个界面层,每个界面层排列在两结构层之间(例如,形成内核的堆叠可具有在顶部的结构层、接着界面层、第二结构层、第二界面层、第三结构层、第三界面层和在底部的第四结构层)。在其他实施方式中,更多或更少的层(例如,更多或更少的结构层和/或更多或更少的界面层)可包括在形成内核的堆叠中。
在一些实施方式中,多个层的每个可具有基本上相同的尺寸。在一些实施方式中,每个层可包括结构部和垫片部。结构部可包括选自下列的至少一种材料:Elgiloy、Nitinol、钛、不锈钢、钴铬和其合金。垫片部可包括选自下列的至少一种材料:聚酯、PET、PEEK、PTFE、聚碳酸酯、聚砜和聚苯砜。相邻层的结构部可排列为至少部分重叠。在一些实施方式中,任何给定层的结构部可排列为与相邻层的结构部的一部分重叠。
在一些实施方式中,任何给定层的结构部可比任何相邻层的垫片部大。在一些实施方式中,多个层可包括多对层,每对层包括第一层和第二层。第二层的结构部可比第一层的垫片部大,第一层的垫片部可比第一层的结构部大,并且第一层的结构部可比第二层的垫片部大。第一层的垫片部可排列为比第二层的结构部重叠更多的第二层的结构部。在一些实施方式中,任何给定层的垫片部和相邻层的垫片部不重叠。例如,在一些实施方式中,第一层的垫片部和第二层的垫片部不重叠。
弹性体界面可包括,例如,硅氧烷二次成型物(overmolding)和/或硅氧烷管(tubing)。生物相容的柔性层可包括织物或布,比如聚酯。在一些实施方式中,内核可包含在弹性体界面中,没有任何焊接点。在其他实施方式中,至少一个焊接点可将内核的层结合在一起。例如,在一些实施方式中,至少一个焊接点可提供在相邻层结构部的重叠部分。
三尖瓣环的一些实施方式可包括车鸡英(sewing cuff),其可有助于将三尖瓣环缝合在患者的天然瓣膜内适当的位置。
三尖瓣环的实施方式可这样配置,以便在第一自由端和第二自由端之间存在缺口,三尖瓣环具有鞍状(例如,双峰鞍状),具有至少一个高点和至少一个低点。
瓣膜成形术手术中使用的三尖瓣环的另一实施方式可包括内核,其具有厚度和宽度限定的矩形横截面;弹性体界面,其至少部分覆盖内核;和生物相容的柔性层,其至少部分覆盖弹性体界面。内核可如此配置,以便其宽度和厚度在XY平面中产生的刚度比沿着Z轴的刚度高介于约10倍和约100倍之间。例如,在一种实施方式中,XY平面中的刚度可为沿着Z轴刚度的约25倍或更高。因此,三尖瓣环可配置为在XY平面是刚性的并且沿着Z轴是柔性的。三尖瓣环可进一步包括车鸡英。
对于贯穿本公开使用的术语“三尖瓣环”,实施方式包括连续的、完整的环和不连续的环——具有被缺口分开的两个自由端——二者。
根据下面的详细描述本发明的前述和其他目的、特征和优势将变得显而易见,详细描述参考附图进行。
附图简述
图1是左前斜投影中的心脏内的AV交接处和身体的示意图。
图2是心脏从前方的剖面视图,或者前透视图。
图3是三尖瓣环状部的示意图,其具有从流入侧可见的标记的典型的定位方向。
图4是天然的三尖瓣以及流入侧围绕物解剖结构的平面图。
图5A和5B分别是现有技术的平面三尖瓣瓣膜成形术环的平面图和隔正视图。
图6是天然的三尖瓣以及植入图5A-5B的瓣膜成形术环的流入侧的围绕物解剖结构的平面图。
图7是根据本公开的三尖瓣环的一种实施方式的平面图。
图8是图7三尖瓣环的透视图。
图9是图7的三尖瓣环的另一透视图。
图10是根据本公开的三尖瓣环核的放大透视图。
图11是组装的图10的核的透视图。
图12是沿着图11中线12-12取的图11核的俯视横截面图。
图13是沿着图11中线13-13取的图11核的横截面图。
图14是根据本公开的三尖瓣环核的放大透视图。
图15是组装的图14的核的透视图。
图16是根据本公开的三尖瓣环核的另一实施方式的透视图。
图17是沿着图16中线17-17取的图16核的横截面图。
图18显示三尖瓣环的一种实施方式的平面图。
图19显示图18的三尖瓣环的侧视图。
图20显示图18的三尖瓣环的侧视图。
图21显示图18的三尖瓣环的透视图。
发明详述
根据本公开的三尖瓣环的实施方式可至少部分恢复三尖瓣环状部和/或右心室的正确解剖结构。根据本公开的三尖瓣环可配置为在XY平面(例如,环状部平面)是硬的或刚性的,并沿着Z轴是半柔性的。XY平面中的刚度可使得公开的三尖瓣环的实施方式调整天然瓣膜环状部的大小,比如通过再成形正回流的扩张的三尖瓣。沿着Z轴的半柔性可使得三尖瓣环的一些实施方式贴合天然环状部的自然形状,从而降低在缝合处的应力,确保三尖瓣环在适当的位置。在一些实施方式中,本公开的三尖瓣环可从而降低裂开的可能性。
术语“Z轴”指在平面图观察时,基本垂直于环、通过环的面积质心的线。“轴向”或“沿着Z轴”或“在Z轴方向上”也可视为与瓣膜孔内的血流方向平行,因而当在其中植入时是与环内的血流方向平行。以另一方式陈述,植入的三尖瓣环定位在围绕沿着通过三尖瓣环状部的血流的平均方向排列的中心流动轴。
根据本公开的三尖瓣环700的一种实施方式显示在图7-13中。图7以平面图显示三尖瓣环700,并且图8-9图解三尖瓣环700的透视图。三尖瓣环700在XY平面中可为大体C-形的,具有被缺口703分开的两个自由端702、704,如图7中可见。缺口703的长度范围可为三尖瓣环标记尺寸的约10%至约60%。在一些实施方式中,缺口703的长度可为三尖瓣环标记尺寸的约40%至约50%。
在一些实施方式中,三尖瓣环可在XY平面中是基本上平的(例如,基本上环的所有点可位于Z轴的相同高度处)。在其他实施方式中,如图8-9中可见的,三尖瓣环700在Z轴可具有鞍状或双峰鞍状,具有至少一个高点706和至少一个低点708。使用术语“高”和“低”,以方便图8所见的方位。在图9中可见的方位中,“高”点706可见位于“低”点708的下方。具有鞍状的三尖瓣环700的实施方式可配置为贴合天然瓣膜环状部的自然(例如,未患病的)形状。
一般而言,本公开的三尖瓣可由用材料比如硅氧烷二次成型(overmold)的内核形成。在一些实施方式中,三尖瓣环可进一步被生物相容的柔性层覆盖。例如,生物相容的柔性层可以是织物层,比如聚酯织物或绒垫。三尖瓣环的一些实施方式可包括由弹性体界面和外织物覆盖物封装的内核。内核可基本上围绕环主体的整个外围延伸,并可包括材料,比如不锈钢、钛、Elgiloy(主要包括Ni、Co和Cr的合金)、钴铬合金(例如,MP-35)、Nitinol、聚酯(例如,Mylar)、聚合物、PET、PEEK、聚碳酸酯、PTFE、聚砜、聚苯砜和/或其组合。可使用适合支撑环状部同时允许XY平面中为刚性并且沿着Z轴为半刚性的任何材料。
在一些实施方式中,核可包括通过二次成型材料保持在一起的多个层。例如,图10显示三尖瓣环700的核710的放大视图,其包括多个(例如,一堆)层712、714,其沿着Z轴彼此邻近堆叠。在一些实施方式中,三尖瓣环的核710可包括多个带或层712,在每个层712之间,或在选择数量的层712之间具有界面层714。在一些实施方式中,层712可包括一种或多种上面列举的金属或金属合金,而界面层714可包括一种或多种上面列举的聚合材料。例如,在一些实施方式中,核710可包括多个Elgiloy层712,在每两个Elgiloy层712之间具有相对薄的聚酯层714,Elgiloy形成核170的顶层716和底层718。在其他实施方式中,界面层714可形成堆叠的顶层和/或底层。
图11显示三尖瓣环700组装的核710。而图10和13显示七层形成核710(例如,四层712和三层714),可使用更多或更少层。
在一些实施方式中,界面层714可减轻层712之间的磨损。除了界面层714或代替界面层714,至少一个层712也可用润滑聚合物(例如,PTFE)涂覆在一层或多层712表面的至少一部分上。例如,在具体的实施方式中,层712可用润滑聚合物涂覆在邻近其他层712的表面上,而顶层716的顶表面720和底层718的底表面722可保持不含这种润滑聚合物涂层。在其他实施方式中,基本上遍布每层712的整个表面的润滑聚合物涂层可替换界面层714。
由在Z方向上堆叠的多个层形成核710可提供沿着Z轴的更大的柔性并在XY平面中也提供足够的刚性。在一些具体的实施方式中,层712、714的每个可具有基本上相同的厚度(图13中“t”指示的)。在一些实施方式中,层712、714的每个可小于约0.1英寸厚。在一些实施方式中,层712、714的每个可小于约0.01英寸厚。在一种具体的实施方式中,层712、714的每个可为约0.009英寸厚。在一些实施方式中,层712、714的每个的宽度(图13中“w”指示的)可小于约0.1英寸。在一种具体的实施方式中,层712、714的每个的宽度可为约0.070英寸。
在一些实施方式中,核710可以用弹性体界面724二次成型,如图12-13中可见。图12显示顶层716的横截面,Elgiloy层712被弹性体界面724比如硅氧烷二次成型物或硅氧烷管包裹。弹性体界面724可以是围绕核模制的或类似手段的硅氧烷橡胶。弹性体界面724可给环提供体积(bulk),以容易处理和移植,并可有助于缝合的通过。如图13中可见,弹性体界面724可有助于将三尖瓣环700的核710的层712、714保持在一起。例如,在一些实施方式中,弹性体界面724可将核的层712、714保持在一起,而不需要焊接或粘合剂。在一些实施方式中,粘合剂可任选地提供在相邻的层712、714之间以有助于保持堆叠在一起。尽管硅氧烷为弹性体界面724提供示例性材料,但是可以使用具有足够低刚度(例如,约60Shore A或更少)以便不明显影响核710的柔性。
在一些实施方式中,如在图13中可见,弹性体界面724可由形成车鸡英726(未显示在图7-12中)的向内延伸的径向法兰形成,所述车鸡英726可配置为帮助将三尖瓣环700缝合在天然瓣膜中的适当位置。
三尖瓣环700也可包括外织物或布覆盖物728,其封装弹性体界面724和核710。织物覆盖物728可以是任何生物相容的材料,比如,例如,
Figure BDA00002172583500101
(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)。
根据本公开,图14-15图解三尖瓣环核1400的另一实施方式,其可配置为提供XY平面中的刚性和沿着Z轴的柔性。如在图14中最佳可见的,核1400可包括多个层1402(例如,堆叠)。每层1402可包括结构部1404(包括,例如Elgiloy)和垫片部1406(包括,例如聚酯)。结构部1404可包括,例如,适合三尖瓣环710的层712的上述任何材料。类似地,垫片部1406可包括,例如,适合三尖瓣环710的界面层714的上述任何材料。结构部1404可赋予三尖瓣环结构和机械性能(例如,XY平面中的刚度),而垫片部1406可用于增加层712或结构部1404之间的润滑性,从而有助于沿着Z轴的柔性。
如图15中所显示,层1402可彼此堆叠以形成核1400。层1402可焊接在一起,比如通过点焊或电阻焊接。其他合适的技术也可用于将层保持在一起。作为一个例子,图15显示焊接点1408,其将顶层的结构部1404固定至下面下一层的结构部1410。
相邻层1402可相对于彼此不同地定向和/或在相邻层1402中的结构部1404和垫片部1406可为不同尺寸。例如,核1400的顶层1414可被配置以便垫片部1406在左边并且结构部1404在右边,而第二层1416可刚好相反配置,以便垫片部1412在右边并且结构部1410在左边。
进一步,任何给定层的结构部1404可比任何相邻层的垫片部1406大。例如,顶层1414的结构部1404可设定大小,以便其小于第二层1416的结构部1410并大于第二层1416的垫片部1412。顶层1414的垫片部1406可设定大小,以便其小于第二层1416的结构部1410并大于第二层1416的垫片部1412。以该方式,相邻层的结构部,例如,层1414、1416(等,堆叠下方)可重叠。因此,任何给定层的结构部1404可排列以重叠任何相邻层的结构部1404的一部分。例如,顶层1414的结构部1404的一部分可与第二层1416的结构部1410的一部分重叠并接触。在一些实施方式中,任何给定层的垫片部1406和任何相邻层的垫片部1406不重叠。例如,顶层1414的垫片部1406不重叠第二层1416的垫片部1412。焊接点1408可位于相邻结构部之间的重叠区域中。第三层1418可设定大小和方位,基本上与顶层1414相同,并且第四层1420可设定大小和方位,基本上与第二层1416相同。对于核1400中剩余的层1402,层1402可以以该模式交替。虽然图14显示八个层1402形成核1400,但可使用更多或更少的层。
图16-17图解根据本公开的三尖瓣环核1600的另一实施方式,其可配置为在XY平面中提供刚性并且沿着Z轴提供柔性。图16显示核1600的透视图,而图17显示沿着图16中线17-17取的三尖瓣环的横截面图。
核1600可包括固体材料层(例如,单片核),比如钛。核1600可包括任何生物相容的金属和/或塑料。核1600可配置为具有基本上矩形的横截面,具有相对大的宽度(“w”指示的)和相对小的厚度(“t”指示的)。核1600的厚度和/或宽度可被变化,以改变三尖瓣环的刚度,根据具体应用的需要。例如,XY平面中的刚度是横截面面积惯性矩(area momentof inertia)的函数。根据下列方程,XY平面面积惯性矩与所显示的矩形横截面的厚度t和宽度w的立方成比例:
Ixy=(l/12)*t*w3
沿着Z轴的刚度也是横截面的面积惯性矩的函数。根据下列方程,Z方向的面积惯性矩与所显示的矩形横截面的宽度w和厚度t的立方成比例:
Iz=(l/12)*w*t3
因此,相对于厚度增加核的宽度可相对于沿着Z轴的刚度增加XY平面中的刚度。类似地,相对于厚度减小核的宽度可相对于沿着Z轴的刚度降低XY平面中的刚度。
在一些实施方式中,XY平面中的刚度可比沿着Z轴的刚度更大。例如,XY平面中的刚度可以比沿着Z轴的刚度大大约10倍到大约100倍。在一种具体的实施方式中,XY平面中的刚度可以比沿着Z轴的刚度大大约25倍。例如,三尖瓣环核1600的一种实施方式可具有约0.100英寸的宽度和约0.020英寸的厚度。在该实施方式中,XY平面中的面积惯性矩为约1.67×10-6和在Z方向上的面积惯性矩为约6.67×10-8。因此,XY平面中的刚度可以比Z方向上的刚度大大约25倍。
核1600也可设置有不同形状的横截面,其具有参数比如宽度和厚度,其被改变以赋予XY平面中和/或沿Z轴的期望刚度。
如图17中所见,核1600用弹性体界面层1602(例如,硅氧烷二次成型物)和织物覆盖物1604(例如,
Figure BDA00002172583500121
)覆盖——为了清楚其未在图16的核1600上示出,以形成三尖瓣环1606。上面描述了弹性体界面层1602和织物覆盖物1604的合适的材料。三尖瓣环1606可任选地包括车鸡英1608,用于将三尖瓣环固定在患者天然瓣膜中的适当的位置。
图18-21图解了根据本公开的具有鞍状的三尖瓣环1800的多张图,所述三尖瓣环包括至少一个高点1802和至少一个低点1804和两个自由端1806、1808。可改变环的尺寸以制造不同尺寸的一组环。例如,尺寸A范围可为从约0.5英寸至约2英寸。尺寸B范围可为从约0.5英寸至约1.5英寸。尺寸C范围可为从约0.05英寸至约0.25英寸。角度D范围可为从约15度至约35度。尺寸E范围可为从约0.25英寸至约1英寸。尺寸F范围可为从约0.05英寸至约0.25英寸。曲率半径G范围可为从约0.5英寸至约2英寸。曲率半径H和L范围可为从约0.25英寸至约1.5英寸。尺寸I范围可为从约0.1英寸至约1英寸。尺寸J范围可为从约0.1英寸至约0.3英寸。尺寸K范围可为从约0.25英寸至约1.5英寸。提供的范围仅仅是示例性的实施方式,并在其他实施方式中可增加或减小。
公开的三尖瓣环围绕其外围可具有不同的柔性。例如,环邻近第一自由端可比邻近第二自由端更硬,并对于其间的至少一部分可具有逐渐变化程度的柔性。例如,环邻近第一自由端可相对硬,而环主体的剩余部分可从环的剩余部分朝着第二自由端逐渐变得更柔软。
应当理解,本三尖瓣环的特征也可适用于其他的心脏环状部,比如二尖瓣环状部的环并且是有益的。
鉴于本公开发明的原理可应用的任何可能的实施方式,应当认识到阐明的实施方式仅仅是本发明的优选实例,而不应当认为限制本发明的范围。相反地,本发明的范围由所附权利要求限定。因此,我们要求我们的发明为与这些权利要求的范围和精神一致的所有发明。

Claims (27)

1.瓣膜成形术手术中使用的三尖瓣环,其包括:
内核,其包括沿着Z轴堆叠的多个层;
弹性体界面,其至少部分覆盖所述内核;和
生物相容的柔性层,其至少部分覆盖所述弹性体界面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述三尖瓣环配置为在XY平面中是刚性的并且沿着所述Z轴是柔性的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述多个层包括
至少一个结构层和至少一个界面层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述结构层包括选自下列的至少一种材料:Elgiloy、Nitinol、钛、不锈钢、钴铬和其合金。
5.根据权利要求3所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述界面层包括选自下列的至少一种材料:聚酯、PET、PEEK、PTFE、聚碳酸酯、聚砜和聚苯砜。
6.根据权利要求3所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述结构层和所述界面层沿着所述Z轴交替堆叠布置。
7.根据权利要求3所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述多个层包括四个结构层和三个界面层,每个所述界面层布置在两个结构层之间。
8.根据权利要求3所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述多个层的每个基本上具有相同大小。
9.根据权利要求1所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述层的每个包括结构部和垫片部。
10.根据权利要求9所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述结构部包括选自下列的至少一种材料:Elgiloy、Nitinol、钛、不锈钢、钴铬和其合金。
11.根据权利要求9所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述垫片部包括选自下列的至少一种材料:聚酯、PET、PEEK、PTFE、聚碳酸酯、聚砜和聚苯砜。
12.根据权利要求9所述的三尖瓣环,其中相邻层的所述结构部布置为至少部分重叠。
13.根据权利要求9所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述多个层包括多对层,每对层包括第一层和第二层。
14.根据权利要求13所述的三尖瓣环,其中任何层的结构部比任何相邻层的垫片部更大。
15.根据权利要求14所述的三尖瓣环,其中任何层的结构部布置为重叠任何相邻层的结构部的一部分。
16.根据权利要求15所述的三尖瓣环,其中任何层的垫片部和任何相邻层的垫片部不重叠。
17.根据权利要求1所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述弹性体界面包括硅氧烷二次成型物和/或硅氧烷管。
18.根据权利要求1所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述生物相容的柔性层包括织物或布。
19.根据权利要求18所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述生物相容的柔性层包括聚酯。
20.根据权利要求1所述的三尖瓣环,进一步包括车鸡英。
21.根据权利要求1所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述三尖瓣环被配置以便在第一自由端和第二自由端之间存在缺口,所述三尖瓣环具有鞍状形状,具有至少一个高点和至少一个低点。
22.根据权利要求1所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述内核包含在所述弹性体界面内,没有任何焊接点。
23.根据权利要求1所述的三尖瓣环,其中至少一个焊接点将所述内核的层结合在一起。
24.瓣膜成形术手术中使用的三尖瓣环,包括:
内核,其具有由厚度和宽度限定的基本上矩形的横截面;
弹性体界面,其至少部分覆盖所述内核;和
生物相容的柔性层,其至少部分覆盖所述弹性体界面,
其中所述内核被配置,以便其宽度和厚度在XY平面中产生的刚度是沿着Z轴的刚度的约25倍或更大。
25.根据权利要求24所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述三尖瓣环被配置为在XY平面中是刚性的并且沿着Z轴是柔性的。
26.根据权利要求24所述的三尖瓣环,其中所述三尖瓣环进一步包括车鸡英。
27.瓣膜成形术手术中使用的三尖瓣环,其包括沿着Z轴堆叠的至少两个金属层。
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