A kind of flow guide plate of fuel cell that is conducive to reduce cooling fluid flow resistance
Technical field
The present invention relates to fuel cell, relate in particular to a kind of flow guide plate of fuel cell that is conducive to reduce cooling fluid flow resistance.
Background technology
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells technology is the topmost key technology of 21 century human use Hydrogen Energy.A lot of countries have all given the attention of height and support energetically to Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells technology industrialization, and have obtained many substantial progress.Can predict, comprehensive industrialization of this technology will produce significant impact to future world energy supply and general layout.In modern society's life and economic construction, the importance of supply of electric power and guarantee is more and more important, improves constantly improving electrical production and service efficiency and the eco-friendly degree that requires simultaneously.Distributed power generation approach user, reduce electric power and carry at a distance, the advantage of adjusting flexibly according to need for electricity is more and more subject to the attention of various countries.
According to the operating temperature of proton exchange membrane, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) can be divided into two types of low temperature and high temperature.The operating temperature of low temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (LT-PEMFC) is not generally higher than 90 DEG C, have advantages of that startup is fast, power density is high, lightweight, volume is little, it requires very high to the hydrogen purity as fuel, be applicable to being connected with the regenerative resource such as solar energy, utilizing the high-purity hydrogen that brine electrolysis is produced is stable electric energy by unsettled renewable energy conversion, the operating temperature of high temperature proton exchange film fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) is at 120 DEG C to 180 DEG C, although compare the toggle speed slightly slow (needing preheating) of low temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (90 DEG C of working temperature <), power density is slightly low, but high temperature proton exchange film fuel cell (working temperature 120-180 DEG C) has very strong anti-CO poisoning capability, be applicable to by natural gas very much, piped gas, methyl alcohol, propane, or even the various ways such as rubbish landfill gas and biological energy source hydrogen making of reforming, greatly reduce the use threshold of fuel cell technology for power generation, and due to high-temperature fuel cell operation and more than 120 DEG C high temperature, pile generates water and all vaporizes, can not cause fuel cell pack inner flow passage water blockoff, the reliability of fuel cell improves greatly, service life exceeds more than 10 times than low-temperature fuel cell.In addition, the high temperature that high temperature proton exchange film fuel cell (working temperature 120-180 DEG C) operation produces is more easily recovered utilization, is integrated into cogeneration system (CHP) and further improves its capacity usage ratio.High temperature proton exchange film fuel cell has the advantages such as operation stability is high, system is simple, the life-span is long, and its application is very wide, from small-sized resident's home terminal cogeneration, to building, the distributed power generation of community, large-scale power station, center.
High temperature proton exchange film fuel cell (working temperature 120-180 DEG C) technology is as using solid-state proton exchange membrane as electrolytical one in fuel cell, the basic structure of its electrolytical key property, membrane electrode (membraneelectrode assembly MEA) and the working method of fuel cell are similar with low temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (90 DEG C of working temperature <): electrolyte is same is the conductor of proton, the insulator of electronics, and has low-down gas permeability; Membrane electrode MEA is its core component equally, and the bipolar plates of membrane electrode and its both sides has formed the elementary cell-fuel-cell single-cell of fuel cell; The basic structure of membrane electrode is also middle proton exchange membrane, and film both sides are respectively negative electrode and anode electrocatalyst, the outer attached gas diffusion layers of anode and cathode eelctro-catalyst; The course of work, hydrogen sees through porose gas diffusion layers to catalyst layer, hydrogen one side of fuel cell is anode, it is proton and electronics that catalyst makes Hydrogen Separation, proton reaches negative electrode (being oxygen one side) by electrolyte, electronics flows through an external circuit and arrives negative electrode, generates water at negative electrode proton, electronics and oxygen reaction.
The proton conduction mechanism of the high temperature proton exchange film that high temperature proton exchange film fuel cell (working temperature 120-180 DEG C) uses is completely different from the proton exchange membrane proton conduction mechanism that low temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (90 DEG C of working temperature <) uses.In low temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells running, proton must carry hydrone (at most time a proton need carry 14 hydrones) when the film, under the help of hydrone, could pass film, parch or the inadequate situation of humidity under proton can not or can pass on a small quantity film, thereby increase the resistance of film, cause reducing rapidly performance, reduce the life-span.The conduction mechanism of high temperature proton exchange film is: polybenzimidazoles (PBI) phosphate impregnation forms lattice, be equivalent to form dihydric phosphate, being equivalent to relay 150 DEG C of-200 DEG C of temperature range inner proton by the hydrogen bond grid of dihydric phosphate equally transmits, complete the process of proton through film, in this process, do not need to carry hydrone, but along with the reduction of temperature, the conductivity of film also will reduce.Therefore the service conditions of high temperature proton exchange film fuel cell is different from low temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells completely.
A typical battery stack generally includes: water conservancy diversion import and the flow-guiding channel of (1) fuel and oxidant gas, be distributed to fuel (hydrogen-rich gas obtaining after reforming as hydrogen, methyl alcohol or by methyl alcohol, natural gas, gasoline) and oxidant (being mainly oxygen or air) in the guiding gutter of each anode, cathode plane equably; (2) import and export and the flow-guiding channel of cooling fluid (as water), cooling fluid is evenly distributed in each battery pack inner cooling channel, dispels the heat by the heat absorption that in fuel cell, hydrogen, the exothermic reaction of oxygen electrochemistry generate and after taking battery pack out of; (3) outlet of fuel and oxidant gas and corresponding flow-guiding channel, fuel gas and oxidant gas are in the time discharging, and portability goes out the liquid generating in fuel cell, the water of steam state.Conventionally, the import and export of all fuel, oxidant, cooling fluid are all opened on an end plate of fuel cell unit or on two end plates.
Low-temperature fuel cell, generally adopts water as cooling heat dissipation fluid at present, but it easily meets with cold start-up problem, and as at-20 DEG C, water has been formed ice, cannot start.High-temperature fuel cell, operating temperature is 120-180 DEG C, water vapor, also cannot use.Therefore, need one can resist cold anti-low temperature to freeze, also can cooling heat dissipation fluid high temperature resistant, that can not vaporize, general employing containing fluorocarbon oil at present, or other artificial oil is as cooling heat dissipation fluid, once but these fluids are penetrated on battery lead plate, just horse back contaminated electrode, scraps whole fuel cell.The easy seepage of existing guide plate cooling fluid, contaminated electrode, and also cooling fluid flow resistance is large, easily stops up.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly to provide a kind of flow guide plate of fuel cell that is conducive to reduce cooling fluid flow resistance that can simultaneously be applicable to high-temperature fuel cell and low-temperature fuel cell in order to overcome the defect that above-mentioned prior art exists.
Object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of flow guide plate of fuel cell that is conducive to reduce cooling fluid flow resistance, this guide plate is flow-guide double-pole plate, described flow-guide double-pole plate is made up of the airflow guiding slot plate being bonded together and hydrogen flow guiding slot plate, in the middle of airflow guiding slot plate and hydrogen flow guiding slot plate, form and lead cooling fluid interlayer, described flow-guide double-pole plate is provided with the fluid bore that can supply turnover air, turnover hydrogen, turnover cooling fluid, and is connected in into and out of the guiding gutter between fluid bore, it is characterized in that, described flow-guide double-pole plate is cuboid, extend wing along the minor face both sides at the two ends, long limit of this cuboid flow-guide double-pole plate and protrude position, this wing is protruded position and is provided with air turnover fluid bore and hydrogen turnover fluid bore, the cooling fluid manhole appendix of flow-guide double-pole plate is arranged on the minor face edge at two ends, the long limit of flow-guide double-pole plate, but fluid slot is linearly to connect the conduction cooling of cooling fluid manhole appendix of flow-guide double-pole plate upper and lower side, to reduce resistance, described airflow guiding slot plate front is provided with air turnover fluid bore and air conducting groove, reverse side is provided with the air inlet approaching channel that connects air turnover fluid bore and air conducting groove, described hydrogen flow guiding slot plate front is provided with hydrogen turnover fluid bore and hydrogen flow guide groove, reverse side is provided with the air inlet approaching channel that connects hydrogen turnover fluid bore and hydrogen flow guide groove.
The minor face two flank shapes that described air turnover fluid bore and hydrogen turnover fluid bore are arranged on the two ends, long limit of flow-guide double-pole plate protrude on position, are positioned at the diagonal angle place at flow-guide double-pole plate two ends.
Described air conducting groove and hydrogen flow guide groove are serpentine.
The periphery of described cooling fluid manhole appendix is provided with screw rod perforation.
The air inlet approaching channel of described airflow guiding slot plate reverse side comprises the approaching channel and the hole of drawing that is connected front air conducting groove that connect air turnover fluid bore, described approaching channel and draw hole and interconnect, air enters from airflow guiding slot plate front air intlet, by its reverse side approaching channel guiding, enter and draw hole, return and be arranged on positive air conducting groove, guide to drawing hole, entering again the approaching channel of reverse side of air outlet slit place through air conducting groove, then again return to positive outflow by air outlet slit.
The air inlet approaching channel of described hydrogen flow guiding slot plate reverse side comprises the approaching channel and the hole of drawing that is connected front hydrogen flow guide groove that connect hydrogen turnover fluid bore, described approaching channel and draw hole and interconnect, hydrogen enters from hydrogen flow guiding slot plate front hydrogen inlet, by its reverse side approaching channel guiding, enter and draw hole, return and be arranged on positive hydrogen flow guide groove, guide to drawing hole, entering again the approaching channel of reverse side of hydrogen outlet place through hydrogen flow guide groove, then again return to positive outflow by hydrogen outlet.
Compared with prior art, feature of the present invention is:
1, general employing contains fluorocarbon oil at present, or other artificial oil is as resisting cold anti-low temperature to freeze, also can cooling heat dissipation fluid high temperature resistant, that can not vaporize, this cooling heat dissipation fluid flow resistance is large, easily stops up, and the present invention is straight-line groove at the conduction cooling of the flow-guide double-pole plate fluid slot that but dispels the heat, can reduce cooling heat dissipation fluid flow resistance, therefore, can adopt the many kinds of substances such as water, high temperature heat conductive oil or air as cooling fluid, be applicable to high-temperature fuel cell and low-temperature fuel cell simultaneously;
2, cooling heat dissipation fluid can be water, high temperature heat conductive oil or air etc.,
3, cooling fluid guiding gutter linearly, has reduced the power-assisted of cooling fluid, is conducive to heat radiation, reduces heat dissipation equipment as blower fan, and the power loss of water pump, improves system effectiveness;
3, air turnover fluid bore is not directly connected at the same plate face of air baffle (front) with air conducting groove, but connect by the air inlet approaching channel that is arranged on reverse side, this design can not altered air and hydrogen mutually, and air conducting groove is also difficult for stopping up, in like manner, hydrogen turnover fluid bore is not also directly connected at the same plate face of hydrogen flow guide plate (front) with hydrogen flow guide groove, but connects by the air inlet approaching channel that is arranged on reverse side.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the positive structural representation of airflow guiding slot plate in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the reverse side of airflow guiding slot plate in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the positive structural representation of hydrogen flow guiding slot plate in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the reverse side of hydrogen flow guiding slot plate in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of embodiment of the present invention flow-guide double-pole plate.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 1~5, a kind of flow guide plate of fuel cell that is conducive to reduce cooling fluid flow resistance, this guide plate is cuboid flow-guide double-pole plate, length is 400mm, width is 100mm, described flow-guide double-pole plate is made up of the airflow guiding slot plate 1 being bonded together and hydrogen flow guiding slot plate 2, in the middle of airflow guiding slot plate 1 and hydrogen flow guiding slot plate 2, form and lead cooling fluid interlayer, described flow-guide double-pole plate is provided with can be for turnover air, turnover hydrogen, the fluid bore of turnover cooling fluid: air turnover fluid bore 3, hydrogen turnover fluid bore 4, cooling fluid manhole appendix 5, connect the air conducting groove 6 of air turnover fluid bore 3, connect the hydrogen flow guide groove 7 of hydrogen turnover fluid bore 4, connect the cooling fluid guiding gutter 8 of cold air fluid turnover fluid bore 4, extend wing along the minor face both sides at the two ends, long limit of flow-guide double-pole plate and protrude position 9, the width that each flank shape protrudes position 9 is 15mm, it is one-body molded with flow-guide double-pole plate that wing is protruded position 9, cooling fluid manhole appendix 5 is arranged on the minor face edge at two ends, the long limit of flow-guide double-pole plate, be cuboid to cool stream body opening 5, the length of side of its length and minor face is suitable, but fluid slot 8 is linearly to connect the conduction cooling of cooling fluid manhole appendix 5 of flow-guide double-pole plate upper and lower side, resistance is little, cooling fluid manhole appendix 5 peripheries are provided with screw rod perforation 10, so that during with guide plate fuel cell stack assembly of the present invention, use by the fastening fuel cell pack of screw rod, described air turnover fluid bore 3 and hydrogen turnover fluid bore 4 are arranged on described wing and protrude on position 9, be positioned at the diagonal angle place at flow-guide double-pole plate two ends.The area of air turnover fluid bore 3 and hydrogen turnover fluid bore 4 is slightly smaller than wing and protrudes the area at position 9, the air conducting groove 6 that connects the air turnover fluid bore 3 on wing protrusion position 9, flow-guide double-pole plate upper and lower side diagonal angle place is serpentine, in like manner, hydrogen flow guide groove 7 is also serpentine.
Described airflow guiding slot plate 1 front is provided with air turnover fluid bore 3 and air conducting groove 6, reverse side is provided with the air inlet approaching channel 11 that connects air turnover fluid bore 3 and air conducting groove 6, this air inlet approaching channel 11 comprises the approaching channel and the hole of drawing that is connected front air conducting groove 6 that connect air turnover fluid bore 3, described approaching channel and draw hole and interconnect, air enters from airflow guiding slot plate 1 front air intlet, by its reverse side approaching channel guiding, enter and draw hole, return and be arranged on positive air conducting groove, guide to the hole of drawing at air outlet slit place through air conducting groove, enter again the approaching channel of reverse side, then again return to positive outflow by air outlet slit.
Described hydrogen flow guiding slot plate 2 fronts are provided with hydrogen turnover fluid bore 4 and hydrogen flow guide groove 7, reverse side is provided with the air inlet approaching channel 12 that connects hydrogen turnover fluid bore and hydrogen flow guide groove, this air inlet approaching channel 12 comprises the approaching channel and the hole of drawing that is connected front hydrogen flow guide groove 7 that connect hydrogen turnover fluid bore 4, described approaching channel and draw hole and interconnect, hydrogen enters from hydrogen flow guiding slot plate 2 front hydrogen inlets, by its reverse side approaching channel guiding, enter and draw hole, return and be arranged on positive hydrogen flow guide groove, guide to the hole of drawing at hydrogen outlet place through hydrogen flow guide groove, enter again the approaching channel of reverse side, then again return to positive outflow by hydrogen outlet.
This cooling fluid of leading that is conducive to the flow guide plate of fuel cell that reduces cooling fluid flow resistance can be water or air, or even the larger wet goods of flow resistance, but fluid slot 8 is linearly for conduction cooling, can reduce cooling heat dissipation fluid flow resistance, therefore, can adopt the many kinds of substances such as water, high temperature heat conductive oil or air as cooling fluid, so above-mentioned guide plate can be for high-temperature fuel cell, also can be for low-temperature fuel cell.
And air turnover fluid bore is not directly connected at the same plate face of air baffle (front) with air conducting groove, but connect by the air inlet approaching channel that is arranged on reverse side, this design can not altered air and hydrogen mutually, and air conducting groove is also difficult for stopping up, in like manner, hydrogen turnover fluid bore is not also directly connected at the same plate face of hydrogen flow guide plate (front) with hydrogen flow guide groove, but connects by the air inlet approaching channel that is arranged on reverse side.