CN102803676B - 用于使由燃气运行的内燃机起动的方法 - Google Patents

用于使由燃气运行的内燃机起动的方法 Download PDF

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CN102803676B
CN102803676B CN201080026171.1A CN201080026171A CN102803676B CN 102803676 B CN102803676 B CN 102803676B CN 201080026171 A CN201080026171 A CN 201080026171A CN 102803676 B CN102803676 B CN 102803676B
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M·伯格
T·鲍菲尔德
H·莫尔
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Abstract

一种用于使由燃气运行的、具有内燃系统的内燃机(ICE),特别是大型气体发动机起动的方法,其中,可燃烧的气体/空气-混合气在进气系统(I)内,特别在增压器(7)上游的气体混合器(9)内形成,其中,在起动阶段,压缩空气至少短暂地吹入至少一组(B)气缸(1,4,5)的气缸室内。为了能够使内燃机可靠地冷起动,执行下述步骤:将至少第一组气缸的预燃室预加热到定义的预热温度;当到达定义转速(n1)时,将待自燃的引燃燃料送入至少一组(A)气缸(2,3,6)的预燃室中,并借助于待自燃的引燃燃料在这些气缸的气缸室中点燃气体/空气-混合气;在点燃吹入气缸室内的气体/空气-混合气之后停止向各个气缸输送压缩空气。

Description

用于使由燃气运行的内燃机起动的方法
本发明涉及一种用于使由燃气运行的、具有内燃系统的内燃机,特别是大型气体发动机起动的方法,其中,可燃烧的气体/空气-混合气在进气系统中、特别是在位于增压器上游的气体混合器中形成,该内燃机具有第一组和第二组气缸,其中在起动阶段,第一组气缸至少短暂地点火运行,而压缩空气至少短暂地吹入第二组气缸的气缸室内。
由JP0620057539A已知一种具有两个V形布置的气缸座的大型气体发动机,其中,在起动阶段,第一气缸座点火运行,而第二气缸座不点火运行。在此,第二气缸座与燃料供给装置分离并与压缩空气供给装置连接。
在大型气体发动机中,通常直接在进气系统中或在废气涡轮增压机上游的中央气体混合器中形成混合气。混合气在废气涡轮增压机中被压缩,并且在经过增压空气冷却器之后经由充入混合气管路(Ladegemischleitung)输送到各个气缸。在用压缩空气来起动时,气体/空气-混合气通过压缩空气如此变稀,以使内燃机不点火且由此也不起动。
本发明任务是避免这些缺点并且对于用燃气来运行的内燃机,即使在低温时也能可靠地起动。
根据本发明,这通过执行如下步骤来实现:
将至少第一组气缸的预燃室预热到定义的预热温度;
当达到定义的转速时,将待自燃的引燃燃料送入至少一组气缸的预燃室中,并借助于待自燃的引燃燃料使气体/空气-混合气在这些气缸的气缸室中点燃;
在点燃吹入气缸室内的气体/空气-混合气之后停止向各个气缸输送压缩空气。
为了在预燃室和/或气缸室的壁温较低时能够点燃喷入的引燃燃料和气体/空气-混合气,有利的是,经由冷却循环回路将预燃室较佳地电预加热到约80℃至100℃,特别较佳地是在预热阶段中绕过冷却循环回路的换热器。此外可设置,在使发动机起动前借助于预热泵和/或预润滑泵将内燃机较佳地预加热到40℃至60℃。
此时特别有利的是,在起动过程开始时,只要内燃机的转速低于定义的起动转速,就将压缩空气吹入第一组和第二组气缸的所有气缸内,而在超过起动转速时不将压缩空气输送到第一组气缸,其中较佳地,起动转速(Losbrechdrehzahl)等于约50%的起步转速。
较佳地设置,在由曲轴预先给定的点火顺序中,气缸交替地属于一组和另一组。
因此,起初所有气缸都加载有压缩空气,以克服起动力矩并实现先前确定的起动转速。在达到起动转速时,在由曲轴预先给定的点火顺序中,在一半的气缸中,即在每隔一个气缸中,借助于压缩空气输送管路中的压缩空气阀来中断至这些气缸的起动空气输送。在与起动空气供给装置分离的气缸中,经由预燃室送入第一组气缸的气缸室内的引燃燃料的吸入的气体/空气-混合气进行燃烧,由此使发动机起动。在达到发动机特定的起步转速时,也停止对其余气缸输送压缩空气,以使即便在这些气缸中也可通过借助于送入第二组气缸的气缸室内的待自燃的引燃燃料点燃吹入第二组气缸的气缸室内的气体/空气-混合气的方式开始燃烧。在此,引燃燃料通过喷嘴孔从预燃室送入由气缸室构成的主燃烧室中。
为了加速高负荷运转(Hochfahren)的过程,还可设置,至少短暂在起动过程中,压缩空气在涡轮机和/或在废气涡轮增压机的增压器之前被吹入。一旦气体/空气-混合气在气缸的气缸室内点燃,就再次停止压缩空气在涡轮机和/或在增压器之前的吹入过程。
下面根据附图进一步阐述本发明。
附图示出具有成排布置的气缸1至6的内燃机,其中,气缸2、3和6属于第一组A,而气缸2、4和6属于第二组B。内燃机ICE具有进气系统I和排气系统E。可燃烧的气体/空气-混合气在废气涡轮增压机8的增压器7上游、在气体混合器9中形成,其中,输送的空气用附图标记10、送入的燃气用附图标记11并且气体/空气-混合气用附图标记12来表示。气体/空气-混合气12经由增压器7和增压空气冷却器13输送到各气缸1至6。为了在运行过程中点燃气体/空气-混合气12,设置用于喷入待自燃的引燃燃料的共轨系统14,其中,对于每个气缸1至6,引燃燃料分别被喷入通入气缸室的预燃室15,这些预燃室15经由喷射孔与由气缸室构成的主燃室流动连接。例如由柴油构成的引燃燃料经由喷嘴孔到达主燃室并在那里点燃气体/空气-混合气。
为了使内燃机ICE起动,压缩空气系统16设置有压缩空气源17,该压缩空气源经由压缩空气供给管路18和压缩空气输送管路19与各个气缸1至6流动连接。此时在压缩空气输送管路19中分别设置例如由磁阀构成的压缩空气阀20和止回阀21,其中,压缩空气输送管路19通入每个气缸1至6的各气缸室。
由于借助于引燃燃料喷射的气体燃烧过程(微引燃过程)在起动时由于预燃室15中的壁温较低而不能或仅不可靠地起作用,所以设计了下述起动流程:
●借助于具有预热泵的气缸冷却水回路和借助于具有预润滑泵(润滑油)的润滑回路将内燃机ICE电预加热到约45℃至50℃(未示出);
●经由冷却循环回路23将预燃室15电预加热到约90℃至100℃,其中,绕过低温冷却系统的未进一步示出的换热器;
●进气系统E中的节气门24完全打开,增压器7的旁通管26的截止阀25保持关闭;
●释放并打开空气输送10,气体混合器9处的燃气11的输送保持关闭;
●断开预润滑阀,冷却水预热泵保持接通;
●接通主润滑油泵,气缸冷却水泵保持切断;
●起初为所有气缸1至6从压缩空气系统16中释放压缩空气(起动空气),在超过起动转速n1时,仅再为第二组B气缸1、4、5(释放压缩空气);此时,第一组A气缸2、3、6已点火运行,其中,将可能的最大量引燃燃料喷入第一组的预燃室15中;
●在到达起步转速n2时,为所有气缸1至6释放可能的最大量引燃燃料;
●同时,输送阀27打开到预定的额定值;
●此时,同时也为废气涡轮增压机8的压缩空气辅助的涡轮机侧的开动装置(Anfahreinrichtung)28从压缩空气源17释放空气(选择性地也可以为了将气体/空气-混合气运送到气缸1至6中而在增压器7上游进行附加地辅助);
●在气缸1至6中点燃和开始高负荷运转之后,其余气缸1、4、5的压缩空气的输送也通过压缩空气阀20关闭,且借助于阀29中断至开动装置28的压缩空气输送;
●在到达稳定转速时,预燃室冷却循环回路转换到低温换热器,且引燃燃料量减小到约1%的标准值;
●气缸冷却水主泵工作,而冷却水预热泵不工作;
●气体输送阀27和节气门24根据运行要求转换到正常运转;
●内燃机ICE加速到同步转速
●在同步之后,根据负载曲线来承受负载并使内燃机高负荷运转。
为了使内燃机ICE可靠地起动,在起动过程开始时的暖机过程中,对于静止的曲轴,所有气缸1至6都加载有压缩空气,以克服起动力矩并达到先前确定的起动转速n1,该起动转速是典型的起步转速n2的例如50%。在达到起动转速n1时,第一组A的气缸2、3和6借助于压缩空气阀20与压缩空气供给装置分离,由此在气缸室内,被送入的气体/空气-混合气通过压缩空气停止稀薄化并由此产生可点燃的气体/空气-混合气。通过将引燃燃料喷入预燃室15,吸入的气体/空气-混合气在第一组A的气缸2、3和6中燃烧并由此起动内燃机ICE。从超过发动机特定的起步转速n2开始,停止将压缩空气输送到其余的第二组B气缸1、4、5,以使在这些气缸内也可通过喷入和点燃引燃燃料而开始燃烧。在暖机之后并在内燃机ICE开始承受负载之后,引燃燃料喷入量、空气/气体-混合气和冷却都调节到适宜运行的正常值。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于使由燃气运行的、具有内燃系统的内燃机(ICE)起动的方法,其中,可燃烧的气体/空气-混合气在进气系统(I)内形成,其中,在起动阶段,压缩空气至少短暂地吹入至少一组气缸(1,4,5)的气缸室内,其中,执行如下步骤:
-将至少第一组气缸的预燃室预加热到定义的预热温度;
-在起动过程开始时,只要所述内燃机(ICE)的转速低于定义的起动转速(n1),压缩空气就被吹入第一组和第二组(A,B)气缸(1,2,3,4,5,6)的所有气缸内,而在所述内燃机(ICE)的转速超过所述起动转速(n1)时,压缩空气不输送到第一组(A)气缸(2,3,6);
-当达到起动转速时,将待自燃的引燃燃料送入至少一组气缸(1,2,3,4,5,6)的预燃室中,并借助于所述待自燃的引燃燃料在这些气缸的气缸室中点燃所述气体/空气-混合气,其中,首先仅第一组(A)气缸(2,3,6)点火运行,而压缩空气被继续吹入第二组(B)气缸(1,4,5)中;
-当达到定义的起步转速(n2)时,将待自燃的引燃燃料也送入所述第二组(B)气缸(1,4,5)的预燃室中,并借助于所述待自燃的引燃燃料在这些气缸的气缸室中点燃所述气体/空气-混合气,其中,在所述气缸室内点燃吹入的所述气体/空气-混合气之后,停止对各个气缸输送压缩空气。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述起动转速(n1)等于所述起步转速(n2)的50%。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在由曲轴预先给定的点火顺序中,所述气缸交替地属于第一组(A)和第二组(B)。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,至少短暂地在起动过程中,压缩空气在涡轮机上游和/或在废气涡轮增压机(8)的增压器(7)上游被吹入。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预燃室(15)经由冷却循环回路(23)来电预加热。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在使发动机起动之前借助于预热泵和/或预润滑泵将所述内燃机(ICE)的气缸室预加热。
7.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,一旦所述气体/空气-混合气在所述气缸(1,2,3,4,5,6)的气缸室内点燃,就停止吹入压缩空气。
8.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预燃室(15)经由冷却循环回路(23)电预加热到80℃至100℃。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,在预加热阶段中绕过所述冷却循环回路(23)的换热器。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述内燃机(ICE)的气缸室预加热到40℃至60℃。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述内燃机是大型气体发动机。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,可燃烧的气体/空气-混合气在增压器(7)上游的气体混合器(9)内形成。
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