CN102797970A - Energy storage and energy supply integrated system based on hydrogen energy - Google Patents
Energy storage and energy supply integrated system based on hydrogen energy Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C11/00—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
- F17C11/005—Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optimal energy utilization technology using a technology of storage of hydrogen energy and mutual transformation between the hydrogen energy and electrical energy as a core. An energy storage and energy supply integrated system based on hydrogen energy comprises a hydrogen production unit, a hydrogen storage unit and a fuel cell unit; the oxygen output port of the hydrogen production unit is communicated with the oxygen input port of the fuel cell unit by an oxygen pipe; and the water outlet of the fuel cell unit is communicated with the water inlet of the hydrogen production unit by a water pipe. The system is characterized in that the hydrogen output port of the hydrogen production unit is communicated with the hydrogen input port of the hydrogen storage unit by a first hydrogen pipe, and the hydrogen output port of the hydrogen storage unit is communicated with the hydrogen input port of the fuel cell unit by a second hydrogen pipe. The system has the characteristic of combination of manufacturing, storage and utilization processes of the hydrogen energy, and hydrogen, oxygen and water in the whole system are recycled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Hydrogen Energy utilization technology in clean energy resource and the new energy field.Particularly be that mutual transformation technology with the storage of Hydrogen Energy and Hydrogen Energy and electric energy is the energy source optimization utilization technology of core, be specifically related to a kind of energy storage energy supply integral system based on Hydrogen Energy.
Background technique
Growing along with the exhaustion of traditional fossil fuel and environmental protection demand, the new-type secondary energy that Hydrogen Energy is high as a kind of energy density, cleaning is harmless extremely people is paid close attention to, and Hydrogen Energy economy is also arisen at the historic moment.The utilization of Hydrogen Energy will be penetrated into the every aspect of economic life in the Hydrogen Energy economy.With hydrogen a series of links such as the production that then mainly comprises hydrogen of the energy system on basis, storage, transportation, Transformation Application.
Traditional hydrogen producing technology comprises hydro carbons vapor reforming hydrogen production method, heavy oil (or residual oil) partial oxidation reformation hydrogen production method and water electrolysis method.At present, be that the new preparation process of representative also receives the concern of various countries day by day with the biological hydrogen production, expect and will realize industrialized production mid-term 21 century, the technology of utilizing the hydrogen manufacturing of industrial or agricultural by-product is also in development.In addition, the technology of utilizing the alternate manner decomposition water to prepare hydrogen has also received widely to be paid attention to, as utilizes the thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production etc. of solar energy, geothermal power, nuclear energy.
The hydrogen storage problem relates to all links such as the production, transportation of hydrogen, final application.At present, the storage of hydrogen mainly contains three kinds of methods: high-pressure gaseous storage, the storage of low temperature liquid hydrogen and hydrogen storage material stores.The transportation of hydrogen and the storage mode of hydrogen are closely related, exist multiple means of transportation.Transporting of hydrogen can be the form of gaseous state, liquid state and hydride, and no matter which kind of state can use pipeline and vehicle to transport.
The Hydrogen Energy space that has a wide range of applications at aspects such as chemical industry, Aero-Space, communications and transportation, heat supply, power supplies.Hydrogen mainly contains the mode of two kinds of Transformation Application, promptly can in motor, use with the form of burning, also can (Fuel Cell uses in FC) at fuel cell with the form of chemical action.Wherein fuel cell has obtained people's extensive concern because of it is flexible and convenient to use.The fuel cell that with hydrogen is energy carrier mainly contains five types; Be respectively: alkaline electrolyte fuel cell (AFC), Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEM-FC), phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) and SOFC (SOFC), its difference is that mainly the electrolyte in the battery is different with operating temperature.Alkaline electrolyte fuel cell and SOFC are mainly used in space flight, submarine and military aspect at present, all are the alkaline electrolyte fuel cells like what use on american apollo airship, the space orbit station.But because they need use a large amount of platinum and operating conditions harshness, so application area is more limited; Phosphoric acid fuel cell is used more aspect big power station, generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems like the 11MW level PAFC electricity generating device of IFC, EPRI and the DOC cooperative development of the U.S. in 1991 at present; Molten carbonate fuel cell received extensive attention as the prospect of civilian power generation device, like the MCFC250kW power station by the common construction of Canadian Ballard company and O. S. Energy, Inc. (ERC) in 1997; Because Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells belongs to the low form fuel cell, insulation problem ratio is easier to solve, and it is shorter to start needed warm-up period; Adopt solid film to do the complexity that electrolyte has reduced structure; Simultaneously, when doing fuel with pure hydrogen, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells need not removed the auxiliary system of impurity; System architecture is simplified, and above-mentioned advantage makes it to become that present research is the most active, progress is the fastest, use maximum fuel cells on the car.
In view of the water hydrogen producing technology is that Conversion of energy is saved as Hydrogen Energy; And hydrogen fuel cell is a kind of good instrument that Hydrogen Energy is converted into electric energy; Existing related patent U.S. Patent No. combines both; Like publication number CN 101154740A patent water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogen fuel cell are combined, the combined unit of a kind of electric energy hydrogen manufacturing and hydrogen power generation is provided, thereby realize the conversion between electric energy-Hydrogen Energy-electric energy.Yet, the link that the combined unit no hydrogen of above-mentioned patent stores, the upright hydrogen fuel cell that is admitted to of the hydrogen that brine electrolysis makes.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of energy storage energy supply integral system based on Hydrogen Energy, this intrasystem hydrogen, oxygen, water are realized recycle.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the technological scheme that the present invention taked is: a kind of energy storage energy supply integral system based on Hydrogen Energy, and it comprises hydrogen manufacturing unit, cell of fuel cell; The oxygen delivery outlet of hydrogen manufacturing unit by oxygen hose and cell of fuel cell the oxygen inlet opening be connected, the water outlet of cell of fuel cell is connected by the water intake of water pipe with the hydrogen manufacturing unit; It is characterized in that: the hydrogen delivery outlet of hydrogen manufacturing unit is connected with the hydrogen inlet opening of hydrogen storing unit by the first hydrogen pipe, and the hydrogen delivery outlet of hydrogen storing unit is connected with the hydrogen inlet opening of cell of fuel cell by the second hydrogen pipe.
Said hydrogen manufacturing unit adopts the hydrogen manufacturing of water decomposition method.The hydrogen manufacturing of said water decomposition method is specially water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, photocatalytic hydrogen production by water decomposition technology or thermochemical cycles hydrogen production by water decomposition technology etc.
Said hydrogen storing unit is made up of hydrogen storage material and the hydrogen storing tank of placing hydrogen storage material, and hydrogen storing tank is provided with hydrogen inlet opening and hydrogen delivery outlet, and hydrogen storage material is positioned at hydrogen storing tank.
Said hydrogen storage material is physical absorption class hydrogen storage material, hydride hydrogen-storing material, chemical hydride hydrogen storage material or organic liquid hydrogen storage material.
Said physical absorption class hydrogen storage material is carbon-based material or inorganic porous material or metal organic frame.Said carbon-based material is graphite, active carbon, carbon nano-tube etc.; Inorganic porous material is a zeolite molecular sieve etc.; Metal organic frame (MOF) is Cu
2(L
2) (H
2O)
2, IRMOF-11 or IRMOF-20 etc.
Said hydride hydrogen-storing material is light metal hydride or senior alloy hydride.Light metal hydride is (like Mg base system row, being specially simple substance magnesium hydrogen storage material, Mg-based composite hydrogen storage material and magnesium base alloy hydrogen storage material) such as magnesium-base hydrogen storage materials; Senior alloy hydride is LaNi
5Or the TiFe alloy etc.
Said chemical hydride hydrogen storage material is sodium alanate, Li-Al hydrogen thing, calcium alanate, lithium nitrogen hydrogen system or ammonia borine etc.
Said organic liquid hydrogen storage material is benzene, toluene, naphthalene or fused heterocycle compounds.
Said cell of fuel cell is the low temperature hydrogen oxygen fuel cell.
Said low temperature hydrogen oxygen fuel cell is pem cell or alkaline fuel cell.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: this system has the manufacturing of Hydrogen Energy, stores, utilizes the characteristics of three processes associating, and the hydrogen in the whole system, oxygen, water are realized recycle.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structured flowchart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is structural representation of the present invention (is example with the water electrolysis hydrogen production).
Fig. 3 is the schematic representation of the hydrogen storing tank of physical absorption class hydrogen storage material.
Fig. 4 is the schematic representation of the hydrogen storing tank of hydride hydrogen-storing material.
Fig. 5 is the schematic representation of the hydrogen storing tank of organic liquid hydrogen storage material.
Among the figure: 1-hydrogen storing tank, 2-physical absorption class hydrogen storage material, 3-hydride hydrogen-storing material, 4-heater, 5-organic liquid hydrogen storage material, 6-catalyzer.
Embodiment
Like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, a kind of energy storage energy supply integral system based on Hydrogen Energy, it comprises hydrogen manufacturing unit, hydrogen storing unit, cell of fuel cell; The oxygen delivery outlet of hydrogen manufacturing unit by oxygen hose and cell of fuel cell the oxygen inlet opening be connected, the water outlet of cell of fuel cell is connected by the water intake of water pipe with the hydrogen manufacturing unit; The hydrogen delivery outlet of hydrogen manufacturing unit is connected with the hydrogen inlet opening of hydrogen storing unit by the first hydrogen pipe, and the hydrogen delivery outlet of hydrogen storing unit is connected with the hydrogen inlet opening of cell of fuel cell by the second hydrogen pipe.This intrasystem hydrogen, oxygen, water are realized recycle.
One) hydrogen manufacturing unit:
This unit hydrogen is made by water direct the decomposition, and can adopt multiple mode to realize: the hydrogen manufacturing of said water decomposition method is specially water electrolysis hydrogen production technology, photocatalytic hydrogen production by water decomposition technology or thermochemical cycles hydrogen production by water decomposition technology etc.Utilize the electric energy brine electrolysis to generate hydrogen and oxygen; Utilize the thermochemical cycles hydrogen production by water decomposition of solar energy, nuclear energy, wind energy, water ability, geothermal power; Utilize luminous energy to pass through the direct hydrogen production by water decomposition of catalyzer; Utilize biological hydrogen productions such as little algae.The hydrogen that makes gets into hydrogen storing unit and stores, and the oxygen that makes gets into hydrogen fuel cell unit recycle.Hydrogen is mainly produced by water decomposition, and mode of execution can be, but be not limited to photodissociation water, brine electrolysis, pyrolysis water etc.
Two) hydrogen storing unit:
The hydrogen manufacturing unit mainly is made up of hydrogen storage material and the hydrogen storing tank of placing hydrogen storage material, and hydrogen storing tank is provided with hydrogen inlet opening and hydrogen delivery outlet, and hydrogen storage material is positioned at hydrogen storing tank.The tank body material of hydrogen storing tank can be materials such as polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material, stainless steel, is characterized in high pressure resistant, impermeable, corrosion-resistant.
Hydrogen storage material mainly comprises following several types: 1, physical absorption class hydrogen storage material---be adsorbed on the high specific surface area porous material through physical mode of action, [metal organic frame (MOF) is Cu like carbon-based material (graphite, active carbon, carbon nano-tube) or inorganic porous material (like zeolite molecular sieve) and metal organic frame (MOF) etc. reversiblely
2(L
2) (H
2O)
2, IRMOF-11 or IRMOF-20 etc.].As shown in Figure 3.
2, hydride hydrogen-storing material---comprise that light metal hydride (like Mg base system row, being specially simple substance magnesium hydrogen storage material, Mg-based composite hydrogen storage material and magnesium base alloy hydrogen storage material) or senior alloy hydride are (like LaNi
5Or the TiFe alloy etc.).As shown in Figure 4.
3, chemical hydride hydrogen storage material---comprise sodium alanate, Li-Al hydrogen thing, calcium alanate, lithium nitrogen hydrogen system or ammonia borine etc.
4, organic liquid hydrogen storage material---comprise like aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, naphthalene and fused heterocycle compounds etc.As shown in Figure 5, catalyzer is noble metal catalyst, Ni catalyzer, homogeneous catalyst etc.
Carry the hydrogen come to store by the hydrogen manufacturing unit, when the external energy supply of system, hydrogen discharged simultaneously and be delivered to the hydrogen fuel cell unit at this.
Three) hydrogen fuel cell unit:
Mainly be the low temperature hydrogen oxygen fuel cell, like pem cell or alkaline fuel cell etc.The oxygen of being carried by the hydrogen manufacturing unit gets into the negative electrode of fuel cell, and the hydrogen of hydrogen storing unit gets into anode of fuel cell.The Conversion of energy that fuel cell will be stored in hydrogen is a utilization of power.The water that fuel cell produces recycles through pipeline input hydrogen manufacturing unit.
The present invention utilizes solar energy, nuclear energy, wind energy, water to split water into hydrogen and oxygen by homenergic.The hydrogen that makes gets into hydrogen storing unit through pipeline, and the negative electrode that the oxygen that makes gets into fuel cell is used.Hydrogen can store through four kinds of modes such as physical absorption class hydrogen storage material, hydride hydrogen-storing material, chemical hydride hydrogen storage material, organic liquid hydrogen storage materials after getting into hydrogen storing unit.When needs utilized energy, the hydrogen storage material release hydrogen of hydrogen storing unit was through the anode of line transportation to fuel cell.At cell of fuel cell, Hydrogen Energy is converted into electric energy, i.e. the process of energy supply part.
Claims (13)
1. energy storage energy supply integral system based on Hydrogen Energy, it comprises hydrogen manufacturing unit, cell of fuel cell; The oxygen delivery outlet of hydrogen manufacturing unit by oxygen hose and cell of fuel cell the oxygen inlet opening be connected, the water outlet of cell of fuel cell is connected by the water intake of water pipe with the hydrogen manufacturing unit; It is characterized in that: the hydrogen delivery outlet of hydrogen manufacturing unit is connected with the hydrogen inlet opening of hydrogen storing unit by the first hydrogen pipe, and the hydrogen delivery outlet of hydrogen storing unit is connected with the hydrogen inlet opening of cell of fuel cell by the second hydrogen pipe.
2. a kind of energy storage energy supply integral system based on Hydrogen Energy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said hydrogen manufacturing unit adopts the hydrogen manufacturing of water decomposition method.
3. a kind of energy storage energy supply integral system based on Hydrogen Energy according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the hydrogen manufacturing of said water decomposition method is specially water electrolysis hydrogen production, photocatalytic hydrogen production by water decomposition or thermochemical cycles hydrogen production by water decomposition.
4. a kind of energy storage energy supply integral system according to claim 1 based on Hydrogen Energy; It is characterized in that: said hydrogen storing unit is made up of hydrogen storage material and the hydrogen storing tank of placing hydrogen storage material; Hydrogen storing tank is provided with hydrogen inlet opening and hydrogen delivery outlet, and hydrogen storage material is positioned at hydrogen storing tank.
5. a kind of energy storage energy supply integral system based on Hydrogen Energy according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: said hydrogen storage material is physical absorption class hydrogen storage material, hydride hydrogen-storing material, chemical hydride hydrogen storage material or organic liquid hydrogen storage material.
6. a kind of energy storage energy supply integral system based on Hydrogen Energy according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: said physical absorption class hydrogen storage material is carbon-based material or inorganic porous material or metal organic frame.
7. a kind of energy storage energy supply integral system according to claim 6 based on Hydrogen Energy, it is characterized in that: said carbon-based material is graphite, active carbon, carbon nano-tube; Inorganic porous material is a zeolite molecular sieve; Metal organic frame is Cu
2(L
2) (H
2O)
2, IRMOF-11 or IRMOF-20.
8. a kind of energy storage energy supply integral system based on Hydrogen Energy according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: said hydride hydrogen-storing material is light metal hydride or senior alloy hydride.
9. a kind of energy storage energy supply integral system according to claim 8 based on Hydrogen Energy, it is characterized in that: light metal hydride is magnesium-base hydrogen storage material; Senior alloy hydride is LaNi
5Or TiFe alloy.
10. a kind of energy storage energy supply integral system based on Hydrogen Energy according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: said organic liquid hydrogen storage material is benzene, toluene, naphthalene or fused heterocycle compounds.
11. a kind of energy storage energy supply integral system based on Hydrogen Energy according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: said chemical hydride hydrogen storage material is sodium alanate, Li-Al hydrogen thing, calcium alanate, lithium nitrogen hydrogen system or ammonia borine.
12. a kind of energy storage energy supply integral system based on Hydrogen Energy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said cell of fuel cell is the low temperature hydrogen oxygen fuel cell.
13. a kind of energy storage energy supply integral system based on Hydrogen Energy according to claim 12, it is characterized in that: said low temperature hydrogen oxygen fuel cell is pem cell or alkaline fuel cell.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011101392001A CN102797970A (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2011-05-27 | Energy storage and energy supply integrated system based on hydrogen energy |
| PCT/CN2012/075626 WO2012163226A1 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-17 | Hydrogen energy-based integrated system for energy storage and energy supply |
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| CN2011101392001A CN102797970A (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2011-05-27 | Energy storage and energy supply integrated system based on hydrogen energy |
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