CN102793009A - Grain and plant food preservation method and device - Google Patents
Grain and plant food preservation method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102793009A CN102793009A CN201210274854XA CN201210274854A CN102793009A CN 102793009 A CN102793009 A CN 102793009A CN 201210274854X A CN201210274854X A CN 201210274854XA CN 201210274854 A CN201210274854 A CN 201210274854A CN 102793009 A CN102793009 A CN 102793009A
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Abstract
The invention provides a grain and plant food preservation method and device. The method comprises the following steps of: performing vacuum pretreatment on the grain and plant food and storing the grain and plant food in an anaerobic sterile dark normal-pressure space. The device stores the grain and plant food according to the method. The technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps of: performing vacuum drying and pre-cold treatment on the plant food in a box or a sealing container with other shape for storing grain so as to eliminate the field heat moisture and enter a weak breathing and even dormant state; consuming oxygen in air and sterilizing by roasting a solid reducing agent; and purifying the gas with oxygen consumed and filling an 'anaerobic sterile dark normal-pressure space' consisting of a non-transparent sealing box so as to effectively protect the plant food stored in the box.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant group food such as the grain accumulating field of guaranteeing the quality, particularly a kind of device that is used for storing the plant group foods such as grain that transportation fresh-retaining guarantees the quality, this device is full of in the casing of sealing through the clean gas after the deoxygenation sterilization.
Background technology
" bread is the staff of life ", plant group foods such as grain are the necessary food that people depend on for existence, and everybody must eat everyday, and demand is big, consumption is many.But these foods are gathered to from the field to eat and into will be passed through many protection links in the mouth, and each link all is easy to putrid and deteriorated can not eating, and causes very big loss.With the grain fruits and vegetables is example, and the relevant leader of (2012.7) national food portion points out in the recent period: because facility is simple and crude, method is original, technology is backward, the annual agricultural product post-harvest loss of China is surprising, and the grain loss rate surpasses 8%, up to 50,000,000,000 jin; Fruit 15-20%; The vegetables loss late surpasses 20%, has only the 60%--70% vegetables to be utilized effectively.The agricultural product post-harvest loss is converted to economic loss and reaches more than 3,000 hundred million yuan, and the input and the output that are equivalent to more than 100,000,000 mu of arable land are wasted, this surprising loss be cooperative society of peasant household in the ground to home preliminary working losses such as storage, fresh-keeping, drying.This is very surprising numeral really, and whole world astronomical figure especially is startling.For a long time, the preservation of grain mainly is the cool dry silo storage of shining, and it is that the daily life of a family makes meal that worm eats damaged by rats, and storage time has been grown seed rotten the scrapping of not germinateing; Vegetable melon and fruit all is edible in the short time, and the time has rotted into rubbish once long.Though occurred omnifarious guard method technology now; Aeration-drying low temperature controlled atmosphere method like grain depot; The film of fruits and vegetables is fresh-keeping, antistaling agent is fresh-keeping, controlled atmosphere, preservation by low temperature, vacuum pre-cooling, ozone sterilization, pressurization pressure-reducing fresh-keeping,,,,,, or the like; All can not reach fresh-keeping purpose let alone guarantee the quality, just prolong the time of obvious putrid and deteriorated phenomenon, in case see and putrid and deterioratedly just dare not eat.Higher plants such as grain vegetables and fruits, the putrid and deteriorated of them mainly caused by three kinds of factors: the ⑴ bacterial micro-organism pollutes, growth and breeding; ⑵ the oxidation of oxygen.Higher plant is natural to be exactly to pluck a large amount of ethene of generation under the mechanical damage situation such as colliding the transportation extruding; Ethene is to be formed by the methionine oxidation in the plant; Ethene is the gas hormone; Can make that the leaf flavescence comes off, rhizome chap, fruit break ripe overdonely etc., so grain vegetables fruit etc. must go bad; (3) breathing the heating enzymatic rots.Though grain vegetables and fruits potato medicinal material etc. is from plant or undergroundly gathers; But respiratory activity is arranged; Become respiration through enzymatic reaction having under preference temperature (generally be higher than 10 degree), oxygen, three conditions of water; Organic matter (stablizing chemical energy) is transformed into enlivens chemical energy and heating, grain etc. have just rotted.Existing method and technology is not all resolved putrid and deteriorated three kinds of factors such as grain vegetables melon and fruit, thus can not be fresh-keeping let alone guarantee the quality, and its basic reason is protective gas and protection environment defectiveness.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is to overcome environmental gap in the fresh-keeping processes of guaranteeing the quality of plant group food such as present grain; Providing a kind of elder generation that the plant group food is made vacuum drying precooling treatment (temperature reaches 0-3 degree in the plant table when vacuum 5 millimetress of mercury) makes it shallow breathing even gets into resting state; Utilize the clean gas that forms after the air roasting deoxygenation sterilization dust removal to be filled in the chest of sealing then, build " the aseptic unglazed normal pressure space of anaerobic " and protect.
The present invention in order to realize its goal of the invention institute employing method is: a kind of grain and plant group food keeping method may further comprise the steps:
A, grain and plant group food are carried out vacuum pre-treatment by following step;
A01, grain and plant group food are stored in the environment of a sealing;
A02, the air in the sealed environment is evacuated to the vacuum of agreement;
B, follow these steps to generate grain and plant group food protective gas and charge in the airtight container and keep in Dark Place, making the air pressure in the described airtight container is 1 atmospheric pressure;
B01, airborne oxygen removed produce oxygenless gas;
B02, oxygenless gas is carried out high-temperature sterilization sterilization;
B03, the impurity of removing in the oxygenless gas produce grain and plant group food protective gas.
Further; In above-mentioned grain and the plant group food keeping method: in the described steps A; In the described steps A, the vacuum of agreement is that
Pa is to 700Pa.
Further, in above-mentioned grain and the plant group food keeping method: be to remove airborne oxygen among the described step B, in combustion process, oxygenless gas carried out high-temperature sterilization simultaneously through the method for burning combustible consume oxygen.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of and has carried out the device that grain and plant group food are guaranteed the quality according to said method, comprises the container that is used to hold grain and plant group food, described seal of vessel lucifuge, and described container top is equipped with the gas laminar flow hood;
The firing chamber, cooling and dedusting kitchen sink, the moisture separator that also comprise sealing;
Solid reductant and heater are set respectively inside and outside described firing chamber; In described cooling and dedusting kitchen sink, inject clear water;
Described firing chamber, cooling and dedusting kitchen sink, moisture separator are communicated with through pipeline successively, and the outlet of described moisture separator is connected through pipeline with the inlet of described gas laminar flow hood; The pipeline that connects described firing chamber and described cooling and dedusting kitchen sink enters into the cooling and dedusting kitchen sink from the underwater of cooling and dedusting kitchen sink, connects the cooling and dedusting kitchen sink and exports from the water surface of cooling and dedusting kitchen sink to the pipeline of moisture separator;
Described container bottom is provided with vavuum pump, and the inlet of described vavuum pump is communicated with described internal tank, and described vacuum delivery side of pump communicates with described firing chamber and discharge duct respectively through threeway, and discharge duct is provided with the 3rd valve;
The inlet duct of described gas laminar flow hood is provided with second valve.
Further, in the device of above-mentioned grain and plant group food keeping method: be provided with outside the described firing chamber stainless steel or the pottery electric heating coil or electric hot plate, in solid reductant is set.
Further, in the device of above-mentioned grain and plant group food keeping method: described solid reductant is one or several mixing of carbon or iron, aluminium or they.
Further, in the device of above-mentioned grain and plant group food keeping method: between described vavuum pump and container, also be provided with first valve.
Further, in the device of above-mentioned grain and plant group food keeping method: described firing chamber is provided with and the extraneous equalizing main that communicates, and equalizing main is provided with check valve.
Further; In the device of above-mentioned grain and plant group food keeping method: described first valve, second valve and the 3rd valve are the electronics valve; Also comprise control device; Described control device comprises processor, and described processor links to each other with the control end of described vavuum pump, first valve, second valve, the 3rd valve respectively.
Container among the present invention be can independent separate, band iron chest or iron storehouse strongbox sealing, cuboid, Cylinder, removable transporting to (as with an automobile train steamer) distant place, or even many homogeneity chests are embarked on journey into row and are put bunker of composition.Can certainly be other shape, other material manufacturing, as being used for the ship storehouse of storage food on the warehouse of home storage grain or the boats and ships.
In the technical scheme of the present invention; The plant group food that holds in the airtight container that stores grain to warehouse or other shape earlier carries out the vacuum drying precooling treatment; Make it to eliminate field heat moisture and get into feeble respiration even resting state; Then through oxygen and sterilization in the roast solid reductant consumed cabin air; And form " the aseptic unglazed normal pressure space of anaerobic " in the opaque sealing chest to having consumed to be filled to after remaining gas purifies behind the oxygen, can the plant group food that leave in the chest be effectively protected.
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is product block diagram of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1, container, 2, vavuum pump, 3, the firing chamber, 4, the cooling and dedusting kitchen sink, 5, moisture separator; 6, gas laminar flow hood, 7, pipeline, 8, first valve, 9, second valve, 10, discharge duct; 11, the 3rd valve, 12, threeway, 13, check valve, 14, equalizing main.
The specific embodiment
The protective gas of protecting when the generation such as firing chamber 3, cooling and dedusting kitchen sink 4, moisture separator 5 that also comprises sealing in the device of present embodiment is preserved plant foods such as grains; Solid reductant and heater are set respectively inside and outside firing chamber 3; In cooling and dedusting kitchen sink 4, inject clear water; Firing chamber 3, cooling and dedusting kitchen sink 4, moisture separator 5 are communicated with through pipeline 7 successively, and the outlet of moisture separator 5 is connected through pipeline with the inlet of gas laminar flow hood 6; The pipeline of connection firing chamber 3 and cooling and dedusting kitchen sink 4 enters into cooling and dedusting kitchen sink 4 from the underwater of cooling and dedusting kitchen sink 4, connects cooling and dedusting kitchen sink 4 and exports from the water surface of cooling and dedusting kitchen sink 4 to the pipeline of moisture separator 5; The inlet duct 7 of gas laminar flow hood 6 is provided with second valve 9.Outer electric heating coil or the electric hot plates that stainless steel or pottery are set in firing chamber 3, in solid reductant is set, solid reductant is one or several mixing of carbon or iron, aluminium or they here.Firing chamber 3 is provided with and the extraneous equalizing main 14 that communicates; Equalizing main 14 is provided with check valve 13; When the air pressure in the whole device during less than an atmospheric pressure; Air can enter in the firing chamber 3 through equalizing main 14, but because check valve 13 controls are arranged, the air in the firing chamber 3 can not be discharged through equalizing main 14.
Present embodiment can be preserved the provide convenience preserving type of quick and low-carbon environment-friendly of food for one family or dining room; Preserve for the ease of carrying out food automatically; Present embodiment also comprises control device, in this control device processor is arranged, under the computer software control; Processor is controlled the work of valve and vavuum pump through the information of receiving sensor, uses very simple.Implementation step is:
At first; Vegetable foods such as grain are stored in the container 1 of sealing and carry out vacuum pre-treatment; Control vavuum pump 2 is evacuated to container 1
Pa to 700Pa (deciding vacuum by different foods); Stopping vavuum pump 2 reduces to about 10 ℃ the food temperature in the container; Field heat and latent heat are taken away discharge; The plant group food gets into feeble respiration even resting state, and the vacuum pre-treatment to food has been accomplished in expression, lasts 20-30 minute.At this moment, processor is controlled first valve 8, the 3rd valve 11 is closed, and second valve 9 is still closed, and is in condition of high vacuum degree in the airtight container 1.
Then, be to make grain and plant group food protective gas charges in the sealing warehouse, and to make the air pressure in the sealing warehouse be 1 atmospheric pressure.Process is following:
The 3 energising heating of processor control firing chamber; When being heated to the burning-point of carbon; Second valve 9 is opened, and fresh air enters into firing chamber 3 through equalizing main 14, consumes airborne oxygen and high-temperature sterilization through roasting; Get into airtight container 1 at last through kitchen sink moisture separator laminar flow hood, removed airtight container 1 interior condition of high vacuum degree and reached 1 atmospheric pressure.Open first valve 8 this moment, start vavuum pump 2, make flow circuit gas; Make gas feeding firing chamber 3 deoxygenations sterilization in the airtight container 1, enter into cooling and dedusting kitchen sink 4 dedustings etc. through underwater then, get into moisture separator 5 again and produce clean grain and plant group food protective gas from cooling and dedusting kitchen sink 4; Enter into the warehouse from gas laminar flow hood 6; It is 1 atmospheric pressure that oxygen in the warehouse is consumed most air pressure, and at this moment, vavuum pump quits work.
In the present embodiment, solid reductant and heater are set inside and outside firing chamber 3; Reducing agent mainly contains metal such as iron, aluminium or other reducing agent such as carbon etc., and activated carbon is used in the perhaps mixing of these reducing agents in the present embodiment, also can use aluminium, iron.Heater is heated to 350 degree, consume oxygen and thoroughly burn to death and annihilate bacterial micro-organism to greatest extent with the reducing agent activated carbon.The pipeline opening that cooling and dedusting kitchen sink 4 one ends are connected to firing chamber's 3 other ends is arranged in the water, is connected to moisture separator 5 and is arranged on the water surface; Through the gas temperature of firing chamber 3 than higher, after the washing cooling, with wherein dust fuse in the water with solable matter, temperature reduces to room temperature.In cooling and dedusting kitchen sink 4, can be added with The addition of C a (OH)
2, the excessive CO that neutralization reaction generates
2
Working. Step:
1. at first opening the first, the 3rd valve, close second valve;
2. the startup vavuum pump carries out the vacuum drying precooling treatment to grain in the chest etc.;
3, when reaching certain vacuum degree, grain etc. in the container and get into the feeble respiration resting state, stop vavuum pump, and close first valve and the 3rd valve; At this moment, in the chest still be condition of high vacuum degree.
4. energising preheating in firing chamber's gets into system gas duty.The firing chamber is a stainless steel tube, fills charcoal (deoxidier) in the pipe, and pipe is outer to have electric heater, is preheating to 350
0C;
5, open second valve, the air of outside enters into the firing chamber by equalizing main, through the roasting consume oxygen, enters into chest through cooling and dedusting kitchen sink 4, moisture separator 5, gas laminar flow hood 6 then and removes condition of high vacuum degree.
6. open first valve, start vavuum pump, make and circulate air-flow.Air becomes and is air flow in the air pump evacuation container, gets into the firing chamber and participates in roasting, and oxygen and impurity in the air flow are removed, and the while also is heated.High temperature residual gas after these deoxygenation removal of impurities; Move on; Get into the cooling and dedusting kitchen sink, the calorie of the high-temperature gas water that is cooled is taken away into room temperature, and reaction product, ashes, dust, acid, alkali (if having) just wait fuses in the water; The gas that from water, comes out also can be brought steam and the small water particle on the water surface of pond into, and this gas has not been dry gas.These room temperature air move on again; Feed moisture separator and remove moisture; Directly go into the gas laminar flow hood; Effect through the gas laminar flow hood; The aseptic dustless clean gas of anaerobic gets into chest with vertical mode from level to level; Drive in the chest not the roasting air and send into the firing chamber; Oxygen content in the chest is just fewer and feweri; When the micro amount of oxygen table shows less than 5ppm, illustrate to be equivalent to anaerobic state that air pump and firing chamber quit work; Close the one the second 2 valves; Device is accomplished once system " the aseptic unglazed normal pressure space of anaerobic " process, this moment separable unpacking son, independently chest is exactly the accumulating instrument that transports a distant place to or form the warehouse.The effect of check valve 13 once is described: when oxygen in the air becomes oxide and ashes, impurity etc. and fuses in water and in the chest after the dry precooling treatment of grain equal vacuum; Can cause chest negative pressure (less than 0.1MPa); Check valve 13 work this moment; Outside air gets into pipeline and participates in roasting, reaches internal and external pressure balance, and sealing system does not have pressure.
Claims (9)
1. grain and plant group food keeping method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
A, grain and plant group food are carried out vacuum pre-treatment by following step;
A01, grain and plant group food are stored in the environment of a sealing;
A02, the air in the sealed environment is evacuated to the vacuum of agreement;
B, follow these steps to generate grain and plant group food protective gas and charge in the airtight container and keep in Dark Place, making the air pressure in the described airtight container is 1 atmospheric pressure;
B01, airborne oxygen removed produce oxygenless gas;
B02, oxygenless gas is carried out high-temperature sterilization sterilization;
B03, the impurity of removing in the oxygenless gas produce grain and plant group food protective gas.
2. grain according to claim 1 and plant group food keeping method; It is characterized in that: in the described steps A, the vacuum of agreement is that
Pa is to 700Pa.
3. grain according to claim 1 and plant group food keeping method; It is characterized in that: be to remove airborne oxygen among the described step B, in combustion process, oxygenless gas carried out the high-temperature sterilization sterilization simultaneously through the method for baked solid reducing agent consume oxygen.
4. the device of grain according to claim 1 and plant group food keeping method; Comprise the container that is used to hold grain and plant group food; It is characterized in that: the sealing of described container (1) lucifuge, described container (1) top is equipped with gas laminar flow hood (6);
The firing chamber (3), cooling and dedusting kitchen sink (4), the moisture separator (5) that also comprise sealing;
Inside and outside described firing chamber (3), solid reductant and heater are set respectively; In described cooling and dedusting kitchen sink (4), inject clear water;
Described firing chamber (3), cooling and dedusting kitchen sink (4), moisture separator (5) are communicated with through pipeline (7) successively, and the gas vent of described moisture separator (5) is connected through pipeline with the inlet of described gas laminar flow hood (6); The pipeline that connects described firing chamber (3) and described cooling and dedusting kitchen sink (4) enters into cooling and dedusting kitchen sink (4) from the underwater of cooling and dedusting kitchen sink (4), connects cooling and dedusting kitchen sink (4) and exports from the water surface of cooling and dedusting kitchen sink (4) to the pipeline of moisture separator (5);
Described container (1) bottom is provided with vavuum pump (2); The inlet of described vavuum pump (2) and described container (1) internal communication; The outlet of described vavuum pump (2) communicates with described firing chamber (3) and discharge duct (10) respectively through threeway (12), and discharge duct (10) is provided with the 3rd valve (11);
The inlet duct (7) of described gas laminar flow hood (6) is provided with second valve (9).
5. the device of grain according to claim 4 and plant group food keeping method is characterized in that: described firing chamber (3) outer electric heating coil or electric hot plate that stainless steel or pottery are set, in solid reductant is set.
6. the device of grain according to claim 5 and plant group food keeping method is characterized in that: described solid reductant is one or several mixing of carbon or iron, aluminium or they.
7. the device of grain according to claim 6 and plant group food keeping method is characterized in that: between described vavuum pump (2) and container (1), also be provided with first valve (8).
8. the device of grain according to claim 6 and plant group food keeping method is characterized in that: described firing chamber (3) are provided with and the extraneous equalizing main (14) that communicates, and equalizing main (14) is provided with check valve.
9. according to the device of arbitrary described grain in the claim 4 to 8 and plant group food keeping method; It is characterized in that: described first valve (8), second valve (9) and the 3rd valve (11) are the electronics valve; Also comprise control device; Described control device comprises processor, and described processor links to each other with the control end of described vavuum pump (2), first valve (8), second valve (9), the 3rd valve (11) respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210274854XA CN102793009B (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2012-08-03 | Grain and plant food preservation method and device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210274854XA CN102793009B (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2012-08-03 | Grain and plant food preservation method and device |
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| CN102793009A true CN102793009A (en) | 2012-11-28 |
| CN102793009B CN102793009B (en) | 2013-11-27 |
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| CN201210274854XA Expired - Fee Related CN102793009B (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2012-08-03 | Grain and plant food preservation method and device |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN104082260A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-10-08 | 吴焕松 | Pollution-free disinsection method and device |
| CN107125308A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-09-05 | 合肥富通环保新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of method of the circulating stored dry of grain |
| CN107509800A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-12-26 | 广西加加汇软件技术有限公司 | Agricultural product deoxidation controlled atmosphere production technology scheme |
| CN111109999A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-05-08 | 浙江苏泊尔家电制造有限公司 | Cooking appliance and control method for cooking appliance |
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| CN107125308A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-09-05 | 合肥富通环保新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of method of the circulating stored dry of grain |
| CN107509800A (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-12-26 | 广西加加汇软件技术有限公司 | Agricultural product deoxidation controlled atmosphere production technology scheme |
| CN111109999A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-05-08 | 浙江苏泊尔家电制造有限公司 | Cooking appliance and control method for cooking appliance |
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| CN102793009B (en) | 2013-11-27 |
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