CN102784161A - Specific ear drops for treating acute/chronic tympanitis - Google Patents
Specific ear drops for treating acute/chronic tympanitis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102784161A CN102784161A CN2012102702673A CN201210270267A CN102784161A CN 102784161 A CN102784161 A CN 102784161A CN 2012102702673 A CN2012102702673 A CN 2012102702673A CN 201210270267 A CN201210270267 A CN 201210270267A CN 102784161 A CN102784161 A CN 102784161A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tympanitis
- otitis media
- drugs
- effect
- ear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Abstract
The invention discloses specific ear drops for treating acute/chronic tympanitis which is prepared from penicillin sodium, chloramphenicol and dexamethasone sodium phosphate. The invention provides a specific medicine which integrates effective methods and effective drugs of the traditional therapy, so that not only can the advantages are complemented, the curative effect is enhanced, but also the side effects of the three drugs can be offset to a certain degree, and then the side effects of the three drugs can be reduced; the specific ear drops not only can kill various germs but also can diminish inflammation and relieve pain, and can achieve a better curative effect than the effect when penicillin sodium, chloramphenicol or dexamethasone sodium phosphate is used separately; and the three drugs can act on nidus parts directly, better efficacy of the drugs can be achieved, and serious negative effects which are caused by side effects to patients due to vivo injection or large dose use can be avoided, the best curative effect can be brought to patients suffering from tympanitis, pains of patients suffering from tympanitis can be relieved effectively, the ill effect of hearing loss or even deafness caused by the reason that the patients suffering from tympanitis are not cured after being treated for a long time can be eliminated, and good news are brought to patients that suffer from tympanitis and are not cured after being treated for a long time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to treat the medicine of otitis media.
Background technology
Otitis media is ill extremely wide in China, and especially southern patient is a lot of, and otitis media is very harmful to the patient, is a kind of disease that heals than refractory.
Otitis media belongs to the middle ear film inflammation, and its sorting technique is a lot.By its onset emergency and clinical characters, can be divided into acute otitis media and chronic otitis media; Different phase by its inflammation development can be divided into non-suppurative otitis media and suppurative otitis media again.
Acute suppurative otitis media is fallen ill suddenly, develops soon, is suppurated, even the perforation of ear drum, sharp ache, and hearing loss is serious, even causes deafness.
The acute nonsuppurative otitis media characteristic of disease is slow slightly, is main with tinnitus, earplug, and wherein the otitis media symptom is than the lighter's otopiesis; Weight person's hydrotympanum because indoor fibroid exudate retains, causes in the tympanum to stick together; Otopiesis, the audition film coalescence causes dysacousis.The lighter causes auditory dysesthesia and even deafness, and weight person goes back entail dangers to life, is very important serious disease.
The Therapeutic Method of tradition otitis media mainly contains: 1. auripuncture extracts hydrotympanum; 2. remove middle ear effusion, improve the MEV drain; 3. tympanum cuts, the inner hydrops of sucking-off; 4. implement the tympanum tube placing operation,, make the pharyngotympanic tube restore funcitons to improve the ventilation drain; 5. adopt Herba Ephedrae alkali liquor or beclomethasone dipronionate Syray to replace collunarium, to keep nasal cavity and pharyngotympanic tube unobstructed; 7. adopt the pharyngotympanic tube catheterization device to be blown into the treatment of prednisolone dosage form; 6. adopt antibiotic therapies such as cefradine, the husky star of oxygen Buddhist, peace card XiLin, cephalosporin; 8. adopt hormone medicine to treat; 9. adopt Chinese medicine to treat.
Auripuncture drawing liquid wherein, tympanum cuts imbibition, and tympanum is put the treatment of pipe drawing liquid and has not only been killed not pathogenic bacteria, has eliminated not old complaint, but also can bring great misery to the patient; Use the doubly loose aerosol collunarium of rice of Herba Ephedrae alkali liquor or dipropionic acid, drug effect point is away from middle ear, not only acts on little and produce effects is slow, unsatisfactory curative effect; And tympanic canal to be blown into prednisolone no doubt be an effective treatment means that directly affacts affected area, but medicine is single after all, bactericidal effect is limited; Antibiotics such as oral cefradine, the husky star of oxygen Buddhist, ammonia card XiLin or amoxycillin XiLin, the U.S. special fat of cephalo, dexamethasone, prednisone though render a service greatly, act on slower; And its effect of treatment by Chinese herbs can be slower, and poor effect.
This shows that traditional otitis media treatment generally all exists drawbacks such as unsatisfactory curative effect, various limitation and imperfection property.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of specially good effect [of treating the acute and chronic otitis media, to overcome the drawback that prior art exists.
For realizing the object of the invention; The specially good effect [of this treatment acute and chronic otitis media is characterized in that it is formulated by each component of following ratio of weight and number: penicillin sodium 1～1.5; Chloromycetin 1.125～1.56, dexamethasone sodium phosphate 0.025～0.035, water 25～35.
Method for preparing of the present invention is that penicillin sodium, chloromycetin, dexamethasone sodium phosphate respectively with behind the water dissolution, are mixed getting final product again each other.
Why otitis media endangers middle ear is to invade middle ear and infected and cause dense swollen, the flow liquid of middle ear inflammation, suppurate owing to various pathogenic bacterias; The most outstanding is haemophilus and lung head streptococcus; And penicillin is destroy bacteria cell wall synthetic; The antibacterial interior is oozed break dead good medicine, its main effect is that staphylococcus, streptococcus, Diplococcus pneumoniae and GPC, Grain-positive bacillus and burgdorferi strain etc. are all had extremely strong decomposition killing action.
Chloromycetin is the active drug that acts on the antibacterial ribonucleoprotein, obstructs protein synthesis; It not only has stronger inhibitory action to the strong streptococcus of penicillin drug resistance, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Gram-positive bacillus and burgdorferi strain, and to intestinal bar section antibacterial such as escherichia coli produce enterobacteria, klebsiella, Salmonella and anthrax bacillus, generation property bacillus capsulatus, lactobacillus, Fusobacterium, Li Siteshi staphylococcus, chlamydia, upright can time body bacterium, anaerobe, tetanolysin, actinomycetes, typhus germ etc. all have very strong inhibition and killing action.
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate has the antianaphylactic effect of antiinflammatory, and its effect is stronger than general anti-inflammatory medicine, and side effect is littler, and it can suppress immune antibody and strengthen stress etc.It all has good treatment effect in treatments such as allergic inflammation, asthma, scytitis, ophthalmic inflammation.
Just because of penicillin can make one or two people produce anaphylaxis, and dexamethasone sodium phosphate has antianaphylactic therapeutic effect, and the two share and can significantly reduce irritated stress; Again just because of oral penicillin, dexamethasone can reduce the serious adverse effect, thereby take the Therapeutic Method of external; Just because of otitis media is the difficult and complicated illness that is caused by various pathogens,, can reduce the side effect of penicillin medication again so penicillin, chloromycetin, dexamethasone sodium phosphate triplicity both can suppress and kill various pathogenic bacterias in the otitis media.Directly administration acts on affected area, though dosage is little, both can reach treatment effect preferably, can avoid for a long time again, heavy dose of in three kinds of serious adverse consequencess that medicine brought.
This shows that penicillin, chloromycetin, dexamethasone sodium phosphate three medicines share, and are the pathological characteristics according to the acute and chronic otitis media; In conjunction with traditional treatment, medication characteristics; Further improved active drug combination is that the effective ways of collection traditional treatment, the otitis media that active drug is one are specially controlled medicine, can have complementary advantages, heighten the effect of a treatment; Can make three kinds of side effects of pharmaceutical drugs obtain certain counteracting again, thereby reduce this three kinds of side effects of pharmaceutical drugs.Not only can kill various pathogens, but but also antiinflammatory, pain relieving can be played better therapeutic outcome than single use penicillin, chloromycetin or dexamethasone sodium phosphate.Take external can make three kinds of medicines directly affact affected area; Make the performance of efficacy of a drug effect bigger; Can avoid again injecting in the body with heavy dose of the use and bring the serious adverse consequences of side effect to the patient, its combined therapy otitis media has been brought best therapeutic effect to the patient, also can effectively remove the hardship of otitis media patient's slight illness; Eliminate auditory dysesthesia even deaf disastrous effect that the otitis media patient causes because of obstinate; Also can reduce the patient and run to and fro, the hard work of seeking medical advice everywhere can also reduce on the one hand that the patient seeks medical advice for a long time and the economic cost that costs a lot of money again.Specially good effect, economy is for cureless otitis media patient has brought Gospel.
Another advantage of this [treatment otitis media is, it is different from powder, and in a single day it splash in the ear; Can cover affected area more effectively, more fully; Each corner during the messenger drug liquid stream is pleasant, thus the pathogenic bacteria of the infection face of making obtains removing, and finally more effectively treats the disease of otitis media.
For showing the therapeutic effect of the present invention to otitis media, the present invention selects to make a definite diagnosis otitis media patient 166 examples and is the clinical observation object.Concrete condition is following:
Wherein: male's 96 examples, women's 70 examples; Otitis media simplex 15, apyetous chronic otitis media 30 examples, suppurative acute otitis media 66 examples, caries type otitis media 40 examples, Cholesteatomatous Tympanitis 15 examples; 8～77 years old age, 81 examples of person below 8～30 years old wherein, 31～45 years old person's 39 example; 41～78 years old person's 46 examples; The course of disease 1～52 year, 1 year person's 57 example wherein, person's 109 examples more than 5 years.
Method for using: drip ear 2～3 times/day, used continuously 3～10 days.
Clinical treatment statistical result of the present invention such as following table.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: with North China Pharmaceutical Factory produce batch be the dissolved in distilled water dilution of 400,000 unit benzylpenicillin sodium for injection of x96082006d with 2.72ml after, again with Shanghai Modern Ha Sen pharmaceutcal corporation, Ltd production batch be 96120812 chloramphenicol inj (every 2ml injection chloromycetin content 0.25g) 2.08ml and the production of Tianjin Jin Jin pharmaceutcal corporation, Ltd batch be that 9581511 dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection (every milliliter of injection content determination of Dexamethasone Sodium 5mg) 1.2ml promptly can be used for external curing after mixing each other.More than three kinds of medicines products of arbitrary batch that also can adopt other his pharmaceutical factory to produce.
Before medication, should earlier the in ear empyema be cleaned with absorbent cotton, splash into several hydrogen peroxide then; After with absorbent cotton the in ear hydrogen peroxide being cleaned; Again specially good effect [of the present invention is splashed in ear number droplet, make medicinal liquid of the present invention after in ear keeps a few minutes, make it nature again and flow out and get final product.Every day 2～3 times, medication after 3～10 days otitis media can cure.
Other embodiment and embodiment 1 difference see the following form:
The clinical typical treatment case of the present invention is following:
1, Zhang, man, 58 years old; Hindered left in ear wall accidentally owing to picking one's ears with key before 15 years, caused to infect to have caused acute suppurative otitis media, in ear continues the pain of suppurating; Pus often flows out earhole, and Chang Yin suppurated pain and woke up night, seeks medical advice to cure and do not heal in many places; Once sought medical advice and to cure to provincial capital's large hospital, and formed the phenomenon that left ear is become deaf a bit.The specially good effect [of external in November, 1998 embodiment of the invention 1 (or arbitrary embodiment) preparation has only used two days later in ear just not suppurate, pain relief, medication after three days the used malaise symptoms of in ear disappear, do not see repeatedly so far.
2, Liu, the woman, 7 years old, once suffered from the apyetous chronic otitis media more than a year, there is in ear that hydrops, red and swollen, the Hiccough and deaf symptom of in ear are arranged.Once sought medical advice at county hospital, antibiotic medicine for oral administration was not seen obvious curative effects in more than ten day, sought medical advice in private clinic and must not cure yet in the back.Begin the specially good effect [of the external embodiment of the invention 2 (or arbitrary embodiment) preparation May calendar year 2001, medication is the minimizing of in ear hydrops during a couple of days, but in ear leaves deposit, medication in ear hydrops elimination after three days again, and clinical malaise symptoms disappears, the otitis media recovery from illness.
3, honest and just certain, the man, 55 years old, once suffered from acute suppurative otitis media in 2005, in ear is often suppurated, pain.Once injection penicillin treatment was not earlier felt any better after one week yet, and just pain is light slightly, but still was to suppurate incessantly.Adopt Chinese traditional treatment afterwards again in ear insufflation of powder drug powder, but just symptom light slightly but still the time when light the important place suppurate.The specially good effect [of the external embodiment of the invention 3 (or arbitrary embodiment) in 2008 preparation is treated, medication after three days purulent ear disappear, and used continuously two days later, the in ear inflammation is thoroughly eliminated, again then after the after treatment in three days, the otitis media recovery from illness.
4, Lee, the woman 46 years old, once suffered from one's early years acute otitis media; Treatment loses curative effect in the country, and is poor because of family, also do not arrived large hospital and cured, and finally causes tympanic member perforation; Become deaf in the left ear, the back forms Cholesteatomatous Tympanitis, and few for a long time when suppurating, paraesthesia is painful.The specially good effect [of the beginning external embodiment of the invention 4 (or arbitrary embodiment) in 2009 preparation; Medication after three days the external ear inflammation eliminate basically; Again medication after three days in discharging ear stop, and after continuous use carried out steadiness treatment in five days, otitis media was thoroughly cured.
5, Guo, the man, 16 years old, Ceng Yin on the limit, village swag play with water and cause water to advance in ear to cause slight otitis media, symptom is lighter during beginning, in ear is pain slightly, has purulent secretion acute suppurative otitis media to occur forming after several days.Once antibiotic therapy was also once injected in antibiotic medicine for oral administration, and cure to county institute of traditional Chinese medicine the back, through wiping pus, spray medicated powder, adding antibiotic medicine for oral administration treatment in addition, all can not get curing.The specially good effect [of external in February, 2010 embodiment of the invention 5 (or arbitrary embodiment) preparation, evident in efficacy during medication one, medication is the pain elimination after three days, and ear is not suppurated, and medication is thoroughly rehabilitation after five days, does not have any sequela.
6, poplar, the woman, 32 years old, once suffered from otitis media in 2006, cure in the commune hospital, village and do not heal, arrive county hospital again and cure.Once antibiotic medicine earlier for oral administration treatment, the state of an illness just has alleviation slightly after five days; Back infusion treatment, suppurating after ten days stops, and thinks healing.But the otitis media symptom increases the weight of after a period of time, treats its otitis media repeatedly and can not thoroughly cure for a long time.The specially good effect [of the external embodiment of the invention 6 (or arbitrary embodiment) in 2008 preparation; Pain relief during medication one, medication are suppurated two days later greatly and to be alleviated, medication after three days purulent ear eliminate basically; Again continuous use after three days the in ear inflammation thoroughly eliminate, do not see recurrence so far.
7, Lee, the man, 55 years old, suffered from chronic caries type otitis media in 2008, bad during fashion; Heavy when time thes be light, in ear continues the pain of suppurating when heavy, once arrives first city's hospital treatment, after arrive the treatment of the province Second Academy again; All be injection penicillin and antibiotic medicine for oral administration, medication alleviates, and hydrops reduces during mild symptoms, but in ear always occurs with fibrous exudation pus piece; Rubescent, turn to be yellow, be clamminess, tinnitus, otopiesis, and there is perforation at the tympanum edge, audition descends greatly.Begin the specially good effect [of the external embodiment of the invention 7 (or arbitrary embodiment) preparation in April, 2011, every day three, four times, medication after three days clinical symptoms alleviate greatly, medication clinical symptom disappearance after three or four days is not seen recurrence so far again.
8, Lee, the woman, 75 years old, once suffered from the simple type non-suppurative otitis media, in ear is felt more and is stopped up and normal a burst ofly have a pain, and the grume that often has reddish yellow to be clamminess occurs, and tympanum caves in, and audition descends greatly.Once cure in the clinic, street earlier, antibiotic medicine for oral administration is cured and was not felt any better in two, three days, after cooperate again and inject antibiotics, still do not feel any better.Began the specially good effect [of the external embodiment of the invention 10 (or arbitrary embodiment) preparation in summer in 2010; Medication in ear pain two days later obviously alleviates; Medication after five days in ear pain eliminate basically, the earhole endocrine disappears, and stops up sense and disappears; Recurrence is not seen in continuous use thoroughly recovery from illness back drug withdrawal in three days again so far.
Claims (2)
1. a specially good effect [of treating the acute and chronic otitis media is characterized in that it is formulated by each component of following ratio of weight and number: penicillin sodium 1～1.5, chloromycetin 1.125～1.56, dexamethasone sodium phosphate 0.025～0.035, water 25～35.
2. the specially good effect [of treatment acute and chronic otitis media according to claim 1 is characterized in that said each component ratio of weight and number is: penicillin 1, chloromycetin 1.3, dexamethasone sodium phosphate 0.03, water 30.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012102702673A CN102784161A (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2012-08-01 | Specific ear drops for treating acute/chronic tympanitis |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012102702673A CN102784161A (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2012-08-01 | Specific ear drops for treating acute/chronic tympanitis |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102784161A true CN102784161A (en) | 2012-11-21 |
Family
ID=47149882
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012102702673A Pending CN102784161A (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2012-08-01 | Specific ear drops for treating acute/chronic tympanitis |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102784161A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107737156A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-02-27 | 杭正达 | A kind of antiphlogistic and analgesic ointment |
| CN112274482A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-01-29 | 河北省眼科医院 | Compound eye drops containing chloramphenicol, dexamethasone and edetate disodium and preparation method of compound eye drops |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1038758A (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1990-01-17 | 白奥格子药物工厂 | Medicament composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN1761486A (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2006-04-19 | 法马西亚公司 | Dispersible pharmaceutical composition for treatment of mastitis and otic disorders |
| CN1829510A (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2006-09-06 | 法马西亚和厄普乔恩公司 | Dispersible formulation of an anti-inflammatory agent |
-
2012
- 2012-08-01 CN CN2012102702673A patent/CN102784161A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1038758A (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1990-01-17 | 白奥格子药物工厂 | Medicament composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN1761486A (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2006-04-19 | 法马西亚公司 | Dispersible pharmaceutical composition for treatment of mastitis and otic disorders |
| CN1829510A (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2006-09-06 | 法马西亚和厄普乔恩公司 | Dispersible formulation of an anti-inflammatory agent |
Non-Patent Citations (8)
| Title |
|---|
| 《中国社区医师》 20091231 李秀英 "地塞米松及氯霉素有效治疗化脓性中耳炎100例" 55 第11卷, 第6期 * |
| 《全球医院网http://www.qqyy.com/zhiliao/erbihouke/201005/3f9d.html》 20100508 责任编辑：罗小琴 "青霉素治化脓性中耳炎 八成可治愈" 1-4 , * |
| 《洛阳晚报http://lywb.lyd.com.cn/html/2007-07/28/content_269894.htm》 20070728 记者 吴彬 "青霉素针剂，治好中耳炎" , * |
| 《百度百科http://baike.baidu.com/history/id=5013606》 20081114 月樵 "曲安奈德氯霉素溶液" , * |
| 月樵: ""曲安奈德氯霉素溶液"", 《百度百科HTTP://BAIKE.BAIDU.COM/HISTORY/ID=5013606》, 14 November 2008 (2008-11-14) * |
| 李秀英: ""地塞米松及氯霉素有效治疗化脓性中耳炎100例"", 《中国社区医师》, vol. 11, no. 6, 31 December 2009 (2009-12-31), pages 55 * |
| 记者 吴彬: ""青霉素针剂，治好中耳炎"", 《洛阳晚报HTTP://LYWB.LYD.COM.CN/HTML/2007-07/28/CONTENT_269894.HTM》, 28 July 2007 (2007-07-28) * |
| 责任编辑：罗小琴: ""青霉素治化脓性中耳炎 八成可治愈"", 《全球医院网HTTP://WWW.QQYY.COM/ZHILIAO/ERBIHOUKE/201005/3F9D.HTML》, 8 May 2010 (2010-05-08), pages 1 - 4 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107737156A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-02-27 | 杭正达 | A kind of antiphlogistic and analgesic ointment |
| CN112274482A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-01-29 | 河北省眼科医院 | Compound eye drops containing chloramphenicol, dexamethasone and edetate disodium and preparation method of compound eye drops |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103301254B (en) | Antibacterial liquid used for nasopharyal meatus and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102784161A (en) | Specific ear drops for treating acute/chronic tympanitis | |
| CN103877288B (en) | A kind of chitosan nasopharynx biological medicinal membrane and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108743827B (en) | Traditional Chinese medicine for treating acute pharyngolaryngitis and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111150738A (en) | External medicine for treating skin diseases | |
| CN108186944A (en) | A kind of hemorrhoid inject cream | |
| CN108524622A (en) | A kind of tapon for killing vagina mould | |
| CN104491462B (en) | A kind of pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of scald | |
| CN103893297B (en) | A kind of Chinese medicinal ointment for the treatment of sinusitis | |
| CN101978968B (en) | Medicament for treating tympanitis | |
| CN106138124A (en) | The new purposes method of Flos abelmoschi manihot total flavones treatment gynaecopathia (vaginitis, cervicitis, cervical erosion) | |
| CN107029072A (en) | A kind of Hibisci Paste with antiinflammatory action | |
| CN107095884A (en) | A kind of Eradicates necrotic tissue and promoting muscle growings cream | |
| CN102335412B (en) | Health-care product for otitis media | |
| CN104800279A (en) | Traditional Chinese medicine for treating pediatric acute otitis media | |
| CN104383274A (en) | Traditional Chinese medicine composition controlling hemorrhoid postoperation infection | |
| CN101185708A (en) | Powder agent medicine for treating acute otitis media suppurative | |
| CN104983975A (en) | Paste removing slough and promoting tissue regeneration | |
| CN103655745B (en) | A kind of pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of burn and scald | |
| CN105832909A (en) | Traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating necrotic ulcer of skin | |
| CN104208191A (en) | Traditional Chinese medicine for treating chronic suppurative otitis media | |
| CN108671184A (en) | Treat the plaster of flat conductor inflammation | |
| CN104547718B (en) | A kind of pharmaceutical composition preventing and treating fracture of children internal fixation postoperative infection | |
| CN102274281B (en) | Chinese medicine detoxifying powder for treating tympanitis | |
| CN115381870A (en) | Traditional Chinese medicine composition and medicament for treating rhinitis of children and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20121121 |