CN102782606B - 外壳功率控制器 - Google Patents

外壳功率控制器 Download PDF

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CN102782606B
CN102782606B CN200980159965.2A CN200980159965A CN102782606B CN 102782606 B CN102782606 B CN 102782606B CN 200980159965 A CN200980159965 A CN 200980159965A CN 102782606 B CN102782606 B CN 102782606B
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D.J.切普利斯
C.V.华
Y.Q.哈什曼尼
S.T.克里斯滕森
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Abstract

在此描述了一种用于控制功率消耗的系统和方法。一种计算机系统（100）包括外壳（118）。所述外壳（118）被配置为包含多个可移除计算节点（102-106）。所述外壳（118）包括：功率控制器（108），被配置为单独地控制所述多个可移除计算节点（102-106）中的每一个所消耗的功率量。所述功率控制器（108）提供多个功率控制信号。每个功率控制信号被提供给所述多个可移除计算节点（102-106）中的一个可移除计算节点并控制该可移除计算节点的功率消耗。

Description

外壳功率控制器
背景技术
功率管理是信息技术（“IT”）产业的重要问题。单个机壳可以容纳多个计算节点和各种外围设备（如存储和/或联网系统）。外壳中容纳的计算节点的数目和类型可以随着时间推移在节点被安装和移除时变化。这些设备可以由任何数目的不同制造商生产，并包括多种多样的功率管理能力。许多可用计算系统不包括功率计量或控制机制，并且因而从IT功率管理方案中排除。随着外壳中容纳的计算节点的密度和容量增大，功率消耗、冷却能力以及关联的能量成本和环境影响变为显著的问题。
附图说明
为了详细描述本发明的示例实施例，现在将参照附图，在附图中：
图1示出了根据各个实施例的包括集中式功率控制的计算机系统的框图；以及
图2示出了根据各个实施例的用于在多节点计算机系统中的集中式功率控制的方法的流程图。
符号和命名。
贯穿以下描述和权利要求，使用特定术语来指代特定系统组件。本领域技术人员将理解到，计算机公司可以利用不同名称来指代某一组件。本文并不意在对在名称上不同而不是在功能上不同的组件加以区分。在以下讨论和权利要求中，术语“包含”和“包括”是以开放的方式使用的，从而应当被解释为意味着“包括，但不限于……”。此外，术语“耦合”意在表示间接、直接、光或无线电连接。因此，如果第一设备耦合至第二设备，则该连接可以通过直接电连接、通过经由其他设备和连接的间接电连接、通过光电连接、或者通过无线电连接。此外，术语“软件”包括不论用于存储该软件的介质如何都能够在处理器上运行的任何可执行代码。因此，存储器（如非易失性存储器）中存储的代码（有时称作“嵌入式固件”）包括在软件的定义内。
具体实施方式
以下讨论涉及本发明的各个实施例。尽管可以优选这些实施例中的一个或多个，但是所公开的实施例不应被将解释为或以其他方式用作限制包括权利要求的本公开的范围。此外，本领域技术人员将理解，以下描述具有较宽的应用，并且任何实施例的讨论仅意在作为该实施例的示例，而不意在暗示包括权利要求的本公开的范围限于该实施例。
测量和控制计算系统的功率消耗包括多种不同类型的计算，并且，外围节点可能困难。许多可用计算设备缺乏功率计量或控制机制。可以从在计算系统中实现的任何功率管理方案中排除这样的设备。本公开的实施例提供了不依赖于单独计算节点中嵌入的功率测量和/或控制能力的集中式功率测量和控制系统。因此，实施例能够控制缺乏功率测量电路的计算节点的功率消耗。通过测量外壳内的计算节点和其他功率消耗设备的功率消耗并控制计算节点的功率消耗，本公开的实施例控制外壳内消耗的功率。此外，总体系统成本降低，这是由于计算节点不需要包括功率测量电路或功率控制软件。
图1示出了根据各个实施例的包括集中式功率控制的计算机系统100的框图。计算机系统100包括外壳118。外壳118被配置为容纳多个计算节点102、104、106、多个电源110、112、114和集中式功率控制系统108。计算机系统100的至少一些实施例还可以包括其他各种各样的设备116，例如风扇、联网设备（如网络交换机、路由器、集线器、网关等）以及其他共享资源（如数据/程序存储设备）。
外壳118可以是被配置为容纳计算节点102、104、106（如刀片计算机或其他基于计算机的设备）和其他计算机相关设备116（如联网和/或存储设备）的机壳。外壳118根据系统100和/或用户的需要，允许计算节点102至106安装和/或从外壳移除。外壳118的一些实施例可以是可安装的机架，并且，一些实施例可以是独立的。
电源110、112、114为外壳118中容纳的计算节点102至106以及其他组件供电。在至少一些实施例中，电源110至114是外壳118的组件（即，内置在外壳中），而在一些实施例中，电源可以以类似的方式安装至计算节点102至106和/或从计算节点102至106移除。电源110至114可以连接至交流电（“AC”）线路电源（如120或240VAC电源）。电源110至114将所提供的AC功率转换为直流电（“DC”）功率以供外壳118内的计算节点102至106和其他设备使用。电源110至114可以提供适于由计算节点102至106进一步调节的一个或多个DC电压。例如，电源110至114可以向计算节点102的功率组件提供48VDC，该48VDC在计算节点102处逐步下降至更低电压（如3V、1.8V等）。
外壳118可以包括：冷却系统，用于移除由外壳118中容纳的计算节点102至106和其他设备产生的热量。冷却系统可以包括：风扇，将较冷的空气引入外壳118和/或迫使较热的空气排出外壳118。
功率控制器108被配置为控制外壳118内消耗的功率量。在至少一些实施例中，功率控制器108是外壳118的组件。功率控制器118耦合至电源110至114、计算节点102至106以及外壳内的其他功率消耗设备（如风扇、联网设备、存储设备等）中的每一个。功率控制器的实施例可以包括处理器120、功率控制软件122和功率测量电路124。功率测量电路124测量外壳118内的每个功率消耗设备所消耗的功率。例如，功率测量电路124可以向功率控制器108提供表示被提供给计算节点102的电流和/或电压的信号。功率测量电流124可以在必要时位于外壳118内，以便于功率分配和测量。在至少一些实施例中，功率测量电路中的一些位于计算节点102上，并且，经由互连（例如，IC间总线（“I2C”）或者将节点102和功率控制器108相耦合的其他通信结构）将功率测量信息传送至功率控制器108。在其他实施例中，测量计算节点102所消耗的功率的功率控制电路124与计算节点102完全分离。
使用由功率测量电路124提供的功率消耗测量，功率控制器108确定在给定时间在外壳内消耗的总功率。如果所消耗的总功率超过预定最大功率量，则功率控制器18进行操作以降低外壳118内的功率消耗。
功率控制器108提供多个功率控制信号。每个计算节点102至106包括可以用于控制计算节点的功率消耗的功率控制输入。例如，如果计算节点102的功率控制输入被驱动至第一状态（例如，被驱动至逻辑“0”），则计算节点102可以进入低功率状态（例如，可以以较低频率对计算节点的处理器计时（clock））。在处于低功率状态时，计算节点102可以消耗比在节点的控制输入被驱动至第二状态（如逻辑“1”）时节点102所消耗的功率低得多的功率（如低50%的功率）。在一些实施例中，功率控制输入可以是例如PROCHOT或STPCLK输入。
由功率控制器108提供的多个功率控制信号中的每一个将功率控制器108连接至计算节点102至106之一的功率控制输入。功率控制器108使用该信号来控制所连接的计算节点的功率消耗。功率控制器108可以对功率控制信号进行调制以得到所期望的计算节点102功率消耗。例如，由功率控制器108以50%占空比驱动（即，在相等时间间隔内驱动至第一和第二状态）的功率控制信号可以将计算节点102的功率消耗降低25%，而以75%占空比驱动（即，在25%的时间内驱动至第一状态并在75%的时间内驱动至第二状态）的功率控制信号可以将计算节点102功率消耗降低12.5%。
在一些实施例中，功率控制器108可以以通信方式耦合至电源110至114。可以使用串行通信链路，如I2C或另一适当通信结构。电源110可以包括功率控制器108从电源110获取的信息，如效率信息。使用所获取的信息（如电源效率曲线）结合对由功率测量电路124提供的电源110输出功率的测量，功率控制器108可以估计被引入电源110的AC功率的量。基于被引入一个或多个电源的AC功率的量以及最大预定AC功率电平，功率控制器108可以如上所述对计算节点102至106进行节流以降低外壳118AC功率消耗。在一些实施例中，功率测量电路124可以测量电源110至114的AC功率消耗。在其他实施例中，电源110可以经由通信链路将AC功率消耗信息提供给功率控制器108。
功率控制器108可以基于控制回路来限制由计算节点102至106汲取的功率。例如，在一些实施例中，可以使用比例-积分-微分（“PID”）控制回路。PID控制算法包括多个常量（即，系数），例如比例增益K p 、积分增益K i 和微分增益K d 。使用PID算法或其他控制回路的功率控制器108的实施例可以基于外壳118中安装的计算节点102至106的数目来自动调整控制回路系数（如K p 和/或K d ）。因此，在被通知或检测到对计算节点102的移除或安装时，功率控制器108可以调整控制回路系数，以维持多个所安装的计算节点上的合适功率限制。
由于功率控制器108可以限制总外壳118功率消耗，所以即使当外壳118在最大功率消耗下进行操作时，也可以将计算节点102至106或其他功率消耗设备添加至外壳118。功率控制器108可以对计算节点102至106进行节流，以允许在不超过外壳118的功率界限的情况下添加节点。
在至少一些实施例中，处理器120可以经由对计算机可读介质中存储的功率控制软件122的执行来执行功率控制器108的各种功能。这样的功率控制功能可以包括：计算外壳功率消耗、对计算节点进行节流、确定AC功率消耗等。处理器120可以是例如通用处理器、微控制器、数字信号处理器等。存储功率控制软件122以供处理器120访问的计算机可读介质可以是半导体存储器（如随机存取存储器（“RAM”）、只读存储器（“ROM”）等）、磁存储器、光存储器等。在一些实施例中，功率控制功能可以由专用电路执行。
图2示出了根据各个实施例的用于在多节点计算机系统中的集中式功率控制的方法的流程图。尽管为了方便而顺序地示出，但是可以按照不同次序执行和/或并行执行所示的动作中的至少一些。此外，一些实施例可以仅执行所示的动作中的一些。所示的操作中的至少一些可以被实现为处理器120所执行的功率控制软件122中提供的指令。
在框202中，计算机系统100进行操作，并且功率控制器108确定外壳118中安装的计算节点102至106单独和/或总体消耗的功率量。功率测量电路124向功率控制器108提供表示每个计算节点102至106的功率消耗的信号。
类似地，在框204中，功率控制器108确定外壳118中安装的功率消耗设备116而不是计算节点102至106消耗多少功率。功率测量电路124向功率控制器108提供表示每个设备116的功率消耗的信号。基于外壳中的所有功率消耗设备的功率测量，功率控制器108确定在外壳118内消耗的总功率。
在框206中，功率控制器208确定电源110至114的容量。功率控制器108可以使总容量基于所确定的、每个单独电源的容量。在一些实施例中，功率控制器108经由将功率控制器108耦合至电源110的通信链路，从电源110获取电源110的容量。
在框208中，功率控制器108估计电源110至114所汲取的AC电流的量。一些实施例使该估计基于所测量的在外壳内消耗的DC功率的量以及从电源110至114获取的效率信息。在一些实施例中，功率测量电路124和/或电源110至114可以向功率控制器108提供AC功率测量。
在框210中，功率控制器108确定在外壳118内消耗的总功率和/或电流是否超过所确定的电源110至114的容量。如果外壳118内的总功率/电流消耗超过电源110至114的容量，则在框216中，功率控制器108对计算节点功率控制信号进行调制，从而使功率控制信号所连接的计算节点（如102）降低其功率消耗。通过降低计算节点102的功率消耗，可以将在外壳118内消耗的功率降低至小于电源110至114容量的量。
在框212中，功率控制器108确定在外壳118内消耗的总功率和/或电流是否超过预定最大功率。预定最大功率可以基于期望外壳118最大功率消耗、外壳118冷却能力等。如果外壳118内的总功率/电流消耗超过预定最大功率，则在框216中，功率控制器108对计算节点功率控制信号进行调制，使计算节点（如102）降低其功率消耗，并且从而将在外壳118内消耗的功率降低至小于预定最大量的量。
在框214中，功率控制器118确定电源110至114所汲取的总AC功率和/或AC电流是否超过预定最大AC功率/电流界限。如果电源110至114所汲取的总AC功率/电流超过预定最大AC功率/电流界限，则在框216中，功率控制器108对计算节点功率控制信号进行调制，使计算节点（如102）降低其功率消耗，并且从而将电源110至114所汲取的AC功率降低至小于预定最大AC功率/电流界限的量。
在框218中，功率控制器108监视计算节点102或其他功率消耗设备向外壳118的添加或从外壳118的移除。在至少一些实施例中，当外壳118中安装的计算节点102至106或其他功率消耗设备的数目改变时，在框220中，功率控制器108调整由功率控制器108执行的功率控制回路（如PID控制回路）的系数。
以上讨论意在示意本发明的原理和各个实施例。一旦完全理解了以上公开，对本领域技术人员来说，多种变型和修改就将变得显而易见。例如，尽管关于功率测量和控制讨论了实施例，但是本领域技术人员将理解，实施例同样适用于电流测量和控制。所附权利要求意在被解释为包含所有这样的变型和修改。

Claims (9)

1.一种计算机系统，包括：
外壳（118），被配置为包含多个可移除计算节点（102-106），所述外壳（118）包括：功率控制器（108），被配置为单独地控制所述多个可移除计算节点（102-106）中的每一个所消耗的功率量；
其中，所述功率控制器（108）提供多个功率控制信号，每个功率控制信号被提供给所述多个可移除计算节点（102-106）中的一个可移除计算节点并控制该可移除计算节点的功率消耗；
其中，所述功率控制器（108）包括与多个计算节点（102-106）分离的功率测量电路（124），所述功率测量电路（124）单独地测量所述多个计算节点（102-106）中的每一个所消耗的功率量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的计算机系统，其中，所述功率控制器（108）通过对提供给所述多个计算节点中的一个给定计算节点（102）的多个功率控制信号之一进行调制来控制所述给定计算节点（102）的功率消耗，其中，信号的第一状态将所述给定计算节点（102）配置为操作于降低功率状态，并且信号的第二状态将所述给定计算节点（102）配置为不操作于降低功率状态。
3.根据权利要求1所述的计算机系统，其中，所述功率控制器（108）被配置为基于所述外壳（118）中安装的计算节点（102-106）的数目，改变对计算节点（102-106）功率消耗进行控制的功率控制回路的系数。
4.根据权利要求1所述的计算机系统，其中，所述功率控制器（108）被配置为从与所述功率控制器（108）耦合的电源（110）获取电源效率数据，并基于所获取的效率数据来确定所述电源（110）所汲取的交流电“AC”功率的量。
5.一种用于在多节点计算机系统中的集中式功率控制的方法，包括：
由功率控制器（108）通过使用与外壳（118）中安装的多个计算节点（102-106）中的每一个分离的功率测量电路（124）来测量所述多个计算节点（102-106）中的每一个所消耗的功率量；
由所述功率控制器（108）确定在所述外壳（118）中消耗的功率总量是否超过预定界限；以及
由所述功率控制器（108）基于对所消耗的总功率的确定来降低所述多个计算节点（102-106）中的至少一个的功率消耗。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，还包括：由所述功率控制器（108）确定所述外壳（118）中安装的非计算节点设备（116）所消耗的功率量。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法，还包括：
由所述功率控制器（108）确定为所述外壳（118）供电的每个电源（110-114）的功率输出容量；
由所述功率控制器（108）基于对电源输出容量的确定来降低所述多个计算节点（102-106）中的至少一个的功率消耗。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法，还包括：
从为所述外壳（118）供电的电源（110）获取电源效率信息；
基于效率信息来确定所述电源（110）所汲取的交流电“AC”功率的量；以及
由所述功率控制器（108）基于对所述电源（110）所汲取的AC功率的确定来降低所述多个计算节点（102-106）中的至少一个的功率消耗。
9.根据权利要求5所述的方法，还包括：由所述功率控制器（108）响应于所述外壳（118）中安装的计算节点（102-106）的数目的变化而改变功率控制系数。
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