CN102777181B - A kind of fully mechanized coal face reclaims the method for top coal in advance - Google Patents
A kind of fully mechanized coal face reclaims the method for top coal in advance Download PDFInfo
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- CN102777181B CN102777181B CN201210280247.4A CN201210280247A CN102777181B CN 102777181 B CN102777181 B CN 102777181B CN 201210280247 A CN201210280247 A CN 201210280247A CN 102777181 B CN102777181 B CN 102777181B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to top coal recovery technology, specifically a kind of fully mechanized coal face reclaims the method for top coal in advance.The invention solves the problem that the longwall top-coal caving rate of recovery is low.Fully mechanized coal face reclaims a method for top coal in advance, and the method adopts following steps to realize: a., after fully mechanized coal face open-off cut has been arranged, is drilled with tier hole along open-off cut axis direction; B. be drilled with after big gun hole completes, carry out back production; After back production 1-2 cutter, in big gun hole, load explosive and ignite, by explosive, explosion being carried out to base object model; C., after explosion completes, back production is proceeded; After being caving by the base object model of explosion, start to reclaim top coal.The present invention efficiently solves the low problem of the longwall top-coal caving rate of recovery, is applicable to the exploitation of high seam.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to top coal recovery technology, specifically a kind of fully mechanized coal face reclaims the method for top coal in advance.
Background technology
At present, the exploitation of high seam mainly adopts mining height workface and longwall top coal caving two kinds of methods.Wherein, the advantage of mining height workface is that resource recovery is high, and shortcoming is that equipment up-front investment is large, and due to mining height large, easily there is wall caving in rib, and then may cause the roof fall of fully mechanized coal face top board.Compared to mining height workface, the advantage of longwall top coal caving is that equipment up-front investment is little, but its shortcoming to be top-coal recovery rate low.Specifically, the top coal losses of longwall top coal caving mainly comprise at the beginning of fully mechanized coal face adopt, the top coal losses of Mo Cai and fully mechanized coal face two ends.Wherein, the top coal losses adopted at the beginning of fully mechanized coal face refers to: at the beginning of fully mechanized coal face back production, if (top coal is caving) just starts to reclaim top coal before base object model first weighting, support can be caused not connect top, pushing and sliding, moving difficulty, particularly when base object model first weighting, the equipment such as support are threatened larger, and large area roof caving very easily causes, and goaf pernicious gas is extruded suddenly, Gas Full-Mechanized Caving Face transfinites.Therefore in order to prevent base object model first weighting from threatening to fully mechanized coal face; only back production is carried out at the beginning of fully mechanized coal face back production; and do not reclaim top coal, advance a segment distance (generally after base object model first weighting) until fully mechanized coal face, just start normal recovery and push up coal.Under normal circumstances, fully mechanized coal face base object model First Weighting Interval of Main is generally about 30-40m (press manifest strong top board reach more than 50m), namely fully mechanized coal face advance 30-40m just start later reclaim top coal, cause thus top coal losses large, top-coal recovery rate is low.Be necessary to invent a kind of top coal recovery method completely newly, to solve the low problem of the longwall top-coal caving rate of recovery for this reason.
Summary of the invention
The present invention, in order to solve the low problem of the longwall top-coal caving rate of recovery, provides a kind of method that fully mechanized coal face reclaims top coal in advance.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: a kind of fully mechanized coal face reclaims the method for top coal in advance, and the method adopts following steps to realize: a., after fully mechanized coal face open-off cut has been arranged, is drilled with tier hole along open-off cut axis direction; B. be drilled with after big gun hole completes, carry out back production; After back production 1-2 cutter, in big gun hole, load explosive and ignite, by explosive, explosion being carried out to base object model; C., after explosion completes, back production is proceeded; After being caving by the base object model of explosion, start to reclaim top coal.
A kind of fully mechanized coal face of the present invention reclaims the method for top coal in advance by carrying out deep hole blasting before adopting at the beginning of fully mechanized coal face, destroy the integrality of open-off cut base object model rock stratum, shorten base object model First Weighting Interval of Main (shortening 1/2-1/3), achieve and reclaim top coal in advance, improve top-coal recovery rate, and the hidden danger preventing from or reduce top board large area to press, a kind of fully mechanized coal face of the present invention reclaims the method for pushing up coal in advance and efficiently solves the low problem of the longwall top-coal caving rate of recovery thus, achieves the safety and high efficiency of high seam.
By following experiment, can verify above-mentioned beneficial effect of the present invention further: coal seam, No. 3, certain ore deposit, coal seam average thickness is 5.6m, and seam hardness is f=1.2, is flat seam.Immediate roof is Sandy Silt, and hardness is f=4.2, and average thickness is 2m.Base object model is canescence medium sandstone, and sandstone densification is hard, and hardness is f=6.9, and average thickness is 8.0m.The length of fully mechanized coal face open-off cut is 137m, and wide is 7.0m.Coal-winning machine coal cutting is highly 3.0m, and Sub-Level Caving height is 2.6m.Experimental procedure is as follows: after fully mechanized coal face open-off cut has been arranged, is drilled with tier hole amounts to 19 along open-off cut axis direction.Big gun hole and open-off cut help outward between distance be 0.5m, the angle in big gun hole is 29-57 °, and the diameter in big gun hole is 75mm, and the tilt length in big gun hole is 15-28m, and the total length in big gun hole is 458.4m.Be drilled with after big gun hole completes, carry out back production.After coal-winning machine coal cutting 2 cutter, adopt continuously not coupled modes to load explosive in big gun hole and adopt double detonator and two detonating fuse to ignite.The powder stick specification of explosive is Φ 60 × 400mm, 1.35 ± 0.1kg/ volume.The loaded length in big gun hole is 9.49-16.96m, and the powder charge total length in big gun hole is 280.98m, and the powder charge gross weight in big gun hole is 948.3kg, and the sealing clay length in big gun hole is greater than 25% of big gun hole length.Ignition order is: divide along the air return way of open-off cut to haulage gate direction and be assembled into explosive, gradation ignition.After explosion completes, proceed back production.When shearer gearhead advances 4m, during tail propelling 6.4m, top coal is all caving, and working resistance of support continues to increase.When shearer gearhead advances 9.2m, during tail propelling 12.0m, working resistance of support reaches maximum value.Afterwards, working resistance of support reduces to some extent, in conjunction with on-the-spot macroscopic view observation, is judged to be that base object model is caving.Now start to organize Sub-Level Caving, see the basic rock of canescence.Experimental result shows: after adopting a kind of fully mechanized coal face of the present invention to reclaim the method for top coal in advance, base object model First Weighting Interval of Main shortens about 15m, reclaims top coal 15m in advance, and top coal yield adds 6937.2t.
The present invention efficiently solves the low problem of the longwall top-coal caving rate of recovery, is applicable to the exploitation of high seam.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is method schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is I-I sectional view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is II-II sectional view of Fig. 1.
In figure: 1-air return way, 2-haulage gate, 3-open-off cut, 4-open-off cut is helped outward, and side in 5-open-off cut, 6-big gun hole, 7-pushes up coal, 8-immediate roof, 9-base object model.
Detailed description of the invention
embodiment one
Fully mechanized coal face reclaims a method for top coal in advance, and the method adopts following steps to realize:
A., after fully mechanized coal face open-off cut 3 has been arranged, tier hole 6 is drilled with along open-off cut 3 axis direction;
B. be drilled with after big gun hole completes, carry out back production; After back production 1 cutter, in big gun hole 6, load explosive and ignite, by explosive, explosion being carried out to base object model 9;
C., after explosion completes, back production is proceeded; After being caving by the base object model 9 of explosion, start to reclaim top coal 7;
In described step a, big gun hole 6 and open-off cut help the distance between 4 to be 0.3m outward;
In described step a, the angle in big gun hole 6 is 25 °;
In described step a, the diameter in big gun hole 6 is 75mm;
In described step a, the vertical depth in big gun hole 6 is determined by following formula:
；
In above formula:
for the vertical depth in big gun hole;
for the thickness of open-off cut top coal;
for the thickness of immediate roof;
for the thickness of base object model;
In described step a, the spacing in big gun hole 6 is determined by following formula:
；
；
；
；
；
；
In various above:
for the spacing in big gun hole;
for Fractured zone radius after explosive blasting;
the dynamic compressive strength of single shaft for coal and rock;
the dynamic tensile strength of single shaft for coal and rock;
for the density of explosive;
for the explosion velocity of explosive;
for pressure increase coefficient during explosive charge product expansion collision big gun hole wall;
the radial uncouple coefficient of powder charge for big gun hole;
for the expansion specific heat ratio of detonation products;
for the powder charge axial factor in big gun hole;
for load propagation attenuation index;
for lateral stress coefficient;
for the radius in big gun hole;
for the radius of explosive cartridge bag;
for the dynamic Poisson's ratio of coal and rock;
In described step b, not coupled modes are adopted to load explosive in big gun hole 6; The loaded length in big gun hole is not more than the degree of depth of big gun hole in base object model; The sealing clay length in big gun hole is not less than 25% of big gun hole length; Double detonator and two detonating fuse is adopted to ignite; Ignition order is: divide along the air return way 1 of open-off cut 3 to haulage gate 2 direction and be assembled into explosive, gradation ignition; Explosive adopts emulsion explosive for coal mine.
embodiment two
Fully mechanized coal face reclaims a method for top coal in advance, and the method adopts following steps to realize:
A., after fully mechanized coal face open-off cut 3 has been arranged, tier hole 6 is drilled with along open-off cut 3 axis direction;
B. be drilled with after big gun hole completes, carry out back production; After back production 2 cutter, in big gun hole 6, load explosive and ignite, by explosive, explosion being carried out to base object model 9;
C., after explosion completes, back production is proceeded; After being caving by the base object model 9 of explosion, start to reclaim top coal 7;
In described step a, big gun hole 6 and open-off cut help the distance between 4 to be 0.7m outward;
In described step a, the angle in big gun hole 6 is 60 °;
In described step a, the diameter in big gun hole 6 is 75mm;
In described step a, the vertical depth in big gun hole 6 is determined by following formula:
；
In above formula:
for the vertical depth in big gun hole;
for the thickness of open-off cut top coal;
for the thickness of immediate roof;
for the thickness of base object model;
In described step a, the spacing in big gun hole 6 is determined by following formula:
；
；
；
；
；
；
In various above:
for the spacing in big gun hole;
for Fractured zone radius after explosive blasting;
the dynamic compressive strength of single shaft for coal and rock;
the dynamic tensile strength of single shaft for coal and rock;
for the density of explosive;
for the explosion velocity of explosive;
for pressure increase coefficient during explosive charge product expansion collision big gun hole wall;
the radial uncouple coefficient of powder charge for big gun hole;
for the expansion specific heat ratio of detonation products;
for the powder charge axial factor in big gun hole;
for load propagation attenuation index;
for lateral stress coefficient;
for the radius in big gun hole;
for the radius of explosive cartridge bag;
for the dynamic Poisson's ratio of coal and rock;
In described step b, not coupled modes are adopted to load explosive in big gun hole 6; The loaded length in big gun hole is not more than the degree of depth of big gun hole in base object model; The sealing clay length in big gun hole is not less than 25% of big gun hole length; Double detonator and two detonating fuse is adopted to ignite; Ignition order is: divide along the air return way 1 of open-off cut 3 to haulage gate 2 direction and be assembled into explosive, gradation ignition; Explosive adopts emulsion explosive for coal mine.
embodiment three
Fully mechanized coal face reclaims a method for top coal in advance, and the method adopts following steps to realize:
A., after fully mechanized coal face open-off cut 3 has been arranged, tier hole 6 is drilled with along open-off cut 3 axis direction;
B. be drilled with after big gun hole completes, carry out back production; After back production 1 cutter, in big gun hole 6, load explosive and ignite, by explosive, explosion being carried out to base object model 9;
C., after explosion completes, back production is proceeded; After being caving by the base object model 9 of explosion, start to reclaim top coal 7;
In described step a, big gun hole 6 and open-off cut help the distance between 4 to be 0.5m outward;
In described step a, the angle in big gun hole 6 is 45 °;
In described step a, the diameter in big gun hole 6 is 75mm;
In described step a, the vertical depth in big gun hole 6 is determined by following formula:
；
In above formula:
for the vertical depth in big gun hole;
for the thickness of open-off cut top coal;
for the thickness of immediate roof;
for the thickness of base object model;
In described step a, the spacing in big gun hole 6 is determined by following formula:
；
；
；
；
；
；
In various above:
for the spacing in big gun hole;
for Fractured zone radius after explosive blasting;
the dynamic compressive strength of single shaft for coal and rock;
the dynamic tensile strength of single shaft for coal and rock;
for the density of explosive;
for the explosion velocity of explosive;
for pressure increase coefficient during explosive charge product expansion collision big gun hole wall;
the radial uncouple coefficient of powder charge for big gun hole;
for the expansion specific heat ratio of detonation products;
for the powder charge axial factor in big gun hole;
for load propagation attenuation index;
for lateral stress coefficient;
for the radius in big gun hole;
for the radius of explosive cartridge bag;
for the dynamic Poisson's ratio of coal and rock;
In described step b, not coupled modes are adopted to load explosive in big gun hole 6; The loaded length in big gun hole is not more than the degree of depth of big gun hole in base object model; The sealing clay length in big gun hole is not less than 25% of big gun hole length; Double detonator and two detonating fuse is adopted to ignite; Ignition order is: divide along the air return way 1 of open-off cut 3 to haulage gate 2 direction and be assembled into explosive, gradation ignition; Explosive adopts emulsion explosive for coal mine.
Claims (7)
1. fully mechanized coal face reclaims a method for top coal in advance, it is characterized in that: the method adopts following steps to realize:
A., after fully mechanized coal face open-off cut (3) has been arranged, tier hole (6) is drilled with along open-off cut (3) axis direction;
B. be drilled with after big gun hole completes, carry out back production; After back production 1-2 cutter, in big gun hole (6), load explosive and ignite, by explosive, explosion being carried out to base object model (9);
C., after explosion completes, back production is proceeded; After being caving by the base object model of explosion (9), start to reclaim top coal (7).
2. a kind of fully mechanized coal face according to claim 1 reclaims the method for top coal in advance, and it is characterized in that: in described step a, big gun hole (6) and open-off cut help the distance between (4) to be 0.3-0.7m outward.
3. a kind of fully mechanized coal face according to claim 1 reclaims the method for top coal in advance, and it is characterized in that: in described step a, the angle of big gun hole (6) is 25-60 °.
4. a kind of fully mechanized coal face according to claim 1 reclaims the method for top coal in advance, and it is characterized in that: in described step a, the diameter of big gun hole (6) is 75mm.
5. a kind of fully mechanized coal face according to claim 1 reclaims the method for top coal in advance, and it is characterized in that: in described step a, the vertical depth of big gun hole (6) is determined by following formula:
；
In above formula:
for the vertical depth in big gun hole;
for the thickness of open-off cut top coal;
for the thickness of immediate roof;
for the thickness of base object model.
6. a kind of fully mechanized coal face according to claim 1 reclaims the method for top coal in advance, and it is characterized in that: in described step a, the spacing of big gun hole (6) is determined by following formula:
；
；
；
；
；
；
In various above:
for the spacing in big gun hole;
for Fractured zone radius after explosive blasting;
the dynamic compressive strength of single shaft for coal and rock;
the dynamic tensile strength of single shaft for coal and rock;
for the density of explosive;
for the explosion velocity of explosive;
for pressure increase coefficient during explosive charge product expansion collision big gun hole wall;
the radial uncouple coefficient of powder charge for big gun hole;
for the expansion specific heat ratio of detonation products;
for the powder charge axial factor in big gun hole;
for load propagation attenuation index;
for lateral stress coefficient;
for the radius in big gun hole;
for the radius of explosive cartridge bag;
for the dynamic Poisson's ratio of coal and rock.
7. a kind of fully mechanized coal face according to claim 1 reclaims the method for top coal in advance, it is characterized in that: in described step b, adopts not coupled modes to load explosive in big gun hole (6); The loaded length in big gun hole is not more than the degree of depth of big gun hole in base object model; The sealing clay length in big gun hole is not less than 25% of big gun hole length; Double detonator and two detonating fuse is adopted to ignite; Ignition order is: divide along the air return way (1) of open-off cut (3) to haulage gate (2) direction and be assembled into explosive, gradation ignition; Explosive adopts emulsion explosive for coal mine.
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Families Citing this family (8)
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| CN103244180B (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2015-04-22 | 山西潞安环保能源开发股份有限公司 | Gob-side entry driving surrounding rock control method using remaining small pillars |
| CN106499394A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-03-15 | 山东鲁泰控股集团有限公司 | A kind of machine gun is closed adopts the coal winning technology for improving lump coal rate |
| CN108798670B (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2021-03-23 | 山西西山晋兴能源有限责任公司斜沟煤矿 | Method for improving recovery rate of primary coal mining carbon of fully mechanized caving face of extra-thick coal seam |
| CN110553558A (en) * | 2019-07-21 | 2019-12-10 | 西山煤电(集团)有限责任公司 | Deep hole presplitting blasting method during initial mining and initial setting period of working face of extra-thick coal seam |
| CN111237006A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-06-05 | 中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司 | Method for preventing and controlling rock burst and gas emission in linkage manner of high-length and short-distance drilling |
| CN111964545A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-11-20 | 安徽理工大学 | Rock roadway deep hole loosening blasting method based on axial multipoint simultaneous detonation |
| CN112179228B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-08-16 | 太原理工大学 | Deep hole subsection blasting joint cutting control top plate overall collapse method |
| CN113669062B (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2023-11-03 | 重庆大学 | Fault activated rock burst control method based on ground pressure blasting |
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