CN102774471B - Single point anchor leg relaxation processing method - Google Patents
Single point anchor leg relaxation processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102774471B CN102774471B CN201210281820.3A CN201210281820A CN102774471B CN 102774471 B CN102774471 B CN 102774471B CN 201210281820 A CN201210281820 A CN 201210281820A CN 102774471 B CN102774471 B CN 102774471B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a single point anchor leg relaxation processing method which comprises the following operation steps: (1) arranging a plurality of limiting tugs at the periphery of a floating type producing, storing and unloading tanker, and controlling the heading of the marine floating type producing, storing and unloading tanker through the limiting tugs; (2) overtensioning the relaxed anchor leg; (3) cutting off the excess chain rings of a relaxed anchor chain section between two tensioning points; (4) arranging a safety belt between two ends of the anchor chain cut off; (5) connecting the anchor chain cut off by a diver; and (6) releasing a tensioner to make the anchor leg work normally. The single point anchor leg relaxation can be processed under the condition that the marine floating type producing, storing and unloading tanker is in service without stopping the marine floating type producing, storing and unloading tanker, thus a large amount of releasing and connecting work of the marine floating type producing, storing and unloading tanker is reduced. In addition, the construction cost is reduced greatly, and the work efficiency is improved. Furthermore, the construction risk can be reduced to a controllable range, and the orderly construction is guaranteed greatly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mooring system, particularly relate to the processing method that a kind of single-point anchor leg for inner cupola formula single buoy mooring system is lax, belong to Offshore Engineering field.
Background technology
The STP(Submerged Turret Production of APL company) inner cupola formula single buoy mooring system is the Single-point system that one is widely used in that oil tanker (FPSO) is unloaded in offshore floating type production storage.Affect by factors such as the installation error of single point mooring (SPM) and uses for many years, the indivedual anchor leg of Single-point system may produce relaxation, and anchor leg tension force reduces greatly, and tension force suffered by it will be transferred on other anchor legs.For 9 legs (being divided into 3 bunches) form inner cupola formula single buoy mooring system (STP), the load being in the two other anchor leg of same bunch with lax anchor leg will increase greatly, may exceed its design load value.Single-point system is when this operation, and anchor leg will be subject to great damage, and the anchor leg life-span significantly reduces, and the stability of Single-point system and safety also can not get ensureing.Therefore, when there is anchor leg relaxation cases, need process in time it.
At present, if oil tanker is unloaded in offshore floating type production storage carry out anchor leg relaxation processes, offshore floating type need be produced storage and unload oil tanker and free, seabed is sunk in the water filling of single-point floating drum, then, brachymemma process is carried out to anchor leg, finally carry out offshore floating type production storage and unload oil tanker and single-point tieback.Unload oil tanker free and tieback owing to relating to offshore floating type production storage, therefore, said method work capacity is huge, and needs to carry out in oil field stopping production situation, and production loss is serious.
In order to overcome the shortcoming that said method exists, in anchor leg under water tensioning tieback, at present, the method commonly used both at home and abroad is by mechanical tensioning instrument (Stevtensioner namely: " Steve " tensioner), it is connected with anchor chain to be tensioned, by lifting the working chain of tensioner, realize anchor chain tensioning; Then, the last tieback of cutting to chain link unnecessary on anchor leg and anchor leg is completed by diver.Although this anchor chain tensioning method technology maturation, high to operation boats and ships performance requriements, boats and ships need be equipped with large-scale crane (general more than 150T) or winch (general more than 150T).Thus, limited comparatively large in the selection of operation resources on board, vessel expenses is higher, and the method is by inside even from weather comparatively large (the high 1.5m of general comprehensive wave or following can enforcement lift), and construction speed is wayward.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is the above-mentioned shortcoming overcoming prior art existence, and the processing method that a kind of single-point anchor leg is lax is provided, its can Floating Production storage at sea unload oil tanker in-service when carry out the relaxation processes of single-point anchor leg, oil tanker is unloaded in offshore floating type production storage not to be needed to stop production, and decreases a large amount of offshore floating type production storage and unloads oil tanker and free and tieback work; And hydraulic tensioning equipment is used for underwater construction, broken away from traditional anchor leg tensioning method to the constraint of construction ship performance rigors, resources on board choice is large, greatly reduces executive cost, the short offshore construction time, improves work efficiency; Meanwhile, can construction risk be reduced in controlled range, ensure carrying out in order of construction dramatically.
The object of the invention is to be realized by following technical scheme:
1, the processing method that single-point anchor leg is lax, is characterized in that: adopt following control step:
The first step: unload several spacing tugboats of layout around oil tanker in Floating Production storage, produces storage by spacing tugboat to offshore floating type and unloads the bow of oil tanker to controlling;
Second step: lax anchor leg was tightened to tensioning state from relaxed state
(1) to be stored up installation hornwork on the wirerope unloading the single buoy mooring system anchor leg of oil tanker in Floating Production by diver, measure the angle of entrance degree of each anchor leg, to judge the relaxed state of anchor leg;
(2) underwater hydraulic tensioner is installed, lax anchor leg was tightened to tensioning state from relaxed state;
3rd step: after anchor leg is tensioned, between two tension points, lax chain segment cuts unnecessary chain link;
4th step: erection insurance band between the two ends of cut-off anchor chain;
5th step: the anchor chain after being cut by diver's tieback;
6th step: loosen tensioner and recover anchor leg to normal mode of operation.
In described second step, when the angle of entrance measuring each anchor leg is spent, for the measurement of multiple anchor leg, the same depth of water can be selected to measure, during measurement, general measure cluster anchor leg or adjacent several anchor legs; Meanwhile, being positioned at the depth of water and the position of rope socket or other significant components under anchor leg by diver's subsidiary, is also measure cluster anchor leg or adjacent several anchor legs.
In described second step, after underwater hydraulic tensioner is installed, in order to determine to tighten up length, when tightening up, adopt following steps:
1. the parameters of diver's test constantly anchor leg, generally often tightens up 0.5m and measures once, and record take off data each time;
2. contrast is with the Parameters variation relation between bunch anchor leg, and calculates length and the number of rings that need cut anchor chain; Finally determine Cutting Length and the number of rings of anchor chain chain link;
3., when same bunch 3 the anchor leg angle of entrance degree of measurement, the angle of entrance degree of synchronization 3 anchor legs is compared;
When 4. measuring, first removing attachment point place marine life, then on every bar anchor leg, two angle gages are installed, by reading the method for aviation value, choosing the aviation value of measurement;
Described underwater hydraulic tensioner major part comprises: oil cylinder, steel structure, pumping plant, end anchor, steel strand and oil pipe, and wherein, oil cylinder is fixed in steel structure, and one end of steel structure is connected with standing rigging, and the other end is without coupled condition; Steel strand one end is through oil cylinder, and the other end is connected with end anchor; End anchor is connected with standing rigging; Pumping plant is positioned on construction ship deck above water, by oil pipe by power transmission to oil cylinder.
Described steel structure is: tower structure.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention is owing to adopting technique scheme, its can Floating Production storage at sea unload oil tanker in-service when carry out the lax process of single-point anchor leg, oil tanker is unloaded in offshore floating type production storage not to be needed to stop production, and decreases a large amount of offshore floating type production storage and unloads oil tanker and free and tieback work; And hydraulic tensioning equipment is used for underwater construction, broken away from traditional anchor leg tensioning method to the constraint of construction ship performance rigors, resources on board choice is large, greatly reduces executive cost, the short offshore construction time, improves work efficiency; Meanwhile, can construction risk be reduced in controlled range, ensure carrying out in order of construction dramatically.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is that offshore floating type production storage of the present invention unloads oil tanker bow to control schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is anchor leg angle of entrance degree instrumentation plan of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is underwater hydraulic tension equipment oil cylinder schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the tensioning of anchor leg of the present invention and cutting schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that typhoon of the present invention is met an urgent need safety belt scheme of installation.
Major label description in figure:
1. lead spacing tugboat, 2. auxiliary stopper tugboat, 3. Floating Production storage and unload oil tanker, 4. construction ship, 5. angle gage, 6. air dive person, 7. oil cylinder, 8. steel structure, 9. pumping plant, 10. ship deck, 11. oil pipes, 12. standing riggings, 13. steel strand, 14. end anchors, 15. saturated divers, 16. anchor legs, 17. suspender belts, 18. shackles, 19. chain links.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention adopts following control step:
The first step: construction operation scene at sea-namely: several spacing tugboats of surrounding's layout of oil tanker 3 are unloaded in Floating Production storage, produce storage unload the bow of oil tanker 3 to controlling by spacing tugboat to offshore floating type;
As shown in Figure 1, construction operation scene at sea-namely: several spacing tugboats of surrounding's layout of oil tanker 3 are unloaded in Floating Production storage, the present embodiment: arrange a spacing tugboat 1 of master and two auxiliary stopper tugboats 2, the quantity of spacing tugboat and horsepower need store up the size of unloading oil tanker 3 according to offshore floating type production and determine, produce storage by spacing tugboat to offshore floating type to unload the spacing offshore floating type that limits of the hangover of oil tanker 3 and produce storage and unload the rotation of oil tanker 3 under the effect of wind, wave, stream, make its bow to being in a constant approximate angle, for the in-service construction of single-point creates conditions; Meanwhile, formulate spacing watchdog routine and expeditious measures safely and effectively, guarantee the safety of construction ship.
Second step: the angle of entrance degree measuring each anchor leg 16, judges anchor leg 16 relaxed condition, meanwhile, installs underwater hydraulic tensioner, lax anchor leg was tightened to tensioning state from relaxed state;
(1) as shown in Figure 2, to be stored up in Floating Production by air dive person 6 on the wirerope unloading the single buoy mooring system anchor leg 16 of oil tanker 3 and special angle gage 5 is installed, measure the angle of entrance degree of each anchor leg 16, to judge whether anchor leg 16 occurs abnormal relaxation state, wherein, when the angle of entrance measuring each anchor leg 16 is spent, for the measurement of multiple anchor leg 16, the same depth of water can be selected to measure, during measurement, general measure cluster anchor leg 16 or adjacent several anchor legs 16; Meanwhile, being positioned at the depth of water and the position of anchor leg 16 times rope sockets or other significant components by saturated diver 15 subsidiary, is also measure cluster anchor leg 16 or adjacent several anchor legs 16, in order to auxiliary judgment anchor leg relaxed condition;
(2) install underwater hydraulic tensioner, lax anchor leg was tightened to tensioning state from relaxed state after installing by underwater hydraulic tensioner, in order to determine to tighten up length, when tightening up, adopted following steps:
1. air dive person 6 and the parameters of saturated diver 15 test constantly anchor leg 16, generally often tighten up 0.5m and measure once, and record take off data each time;
2. contrast is with the Parameters variation relation between bunch anchor leg, and calculates length and the number of rings that need cut anchor chain; By the double verification of comparing result and result of calculation, finally determine Cutting Length and the number of rings of anchor chain chain link;
3. measure produce storage due to offshore floating type when difference unload the ballast of oil tanker with it should be noted that when bunch 3 anchor leg angle of entrance degree, drinking water situation is different, therefore, the angle of entrance degree comparing synchronization 3 anchor legs is just meaningful;
4. in addition, in order to improve anchor hawser angle of entrance accuracy of measurement, during measurement, first remove attachment point place marine life, then on every bar anchor leg 16, two angle gages 5 are installed, by reading the method for aviation value, choose the aviation value of measurement, the systematic error caused due to installation etc. with decrease hornwork 5;
Above-mentioned underwater hydraulic tensioner comes from the tensioning jack of land large-scale steel structure, bridge construction, by special transformation, makes it to be applicable to construction requirement (the current real work depth of water is 110m) under water.
As shown in Figure 3, underwater hydraulic tensioner major part comprises: oil cylinder 7, steel structure 8, pumping plant 9, end anchor 14, steel strand 13 and oil pipe 11, and wherein, oil cylinder 7 is fixed in steel structure 8, is integrated.One end of steel structure 8 is connected with standing rigging 12, and the other end is without coupled condition.Steel strand 13 one end is through oil cylinder 7, and the other end is connected with end anchor 14; End anchor 14 is connected with standing rigging 12; Pumping plant 9 is positioned on construction ship deck 10 above water, by oil pipe 11, by power transmission to oil cylinder 7; After starting pumping plant 9, oil cylinder 7 along steel strand 13 bidirectional-movement, can reach the object of tensioning or loose ends anchor leg 16.Steel strand 13 are in tensioning process, and the both sides having standing rigging 12 to connect one end from steel structure 8 skid off by its unnecessary steel strand 13.Above-mentioned steel structure 8 is that fixing lockset 12 form design be connected with two ends according to the shape of oil cylinder 7 becomes the tower structure that can be held into oil cylinder 7 and fixing lockset 12.
The principle of work of underwater hydraulic tensioner is: adopt large-tonnage suspender belt 17 or other riggings to be connected with two points of anchor chain respectively with end anchor 14 by the steel structure 8 be located at outside oil cylinder 7, then, starting the hydraulic power unit 9 be positioned on construction ship 4 drives oil cylinder 7 to start stroke by oil pipe 11.
3rd step: after anchor leg 16 is tensioned, between two tension points, lax chain segment cuts unnecessary chain link 19;
As shown in Figure 4, after anchor chain tensioning, use diamond Linear cut saw or under water electrical oxygen cutting, between two tension points, lax chain segment cuts unnecessary chain link 19, the number needs of excision chain link 19 calculates according to the stroke of tensioner oil cylinder when being tensioned to angle of entrance recovery normal value at lax anchor leg, and the length of tieback shackle 18 should be taken into account;
4th step: erection insurance band between the two ends of cut-off anchor chain;
As shown in Figure 5, after anchor chain is cut-off, the unnecessary excision of chain link 19, the tensioning of anchor chain and tieback need about 3 day time, if meet with typhoon during this, need process accordingly, with the safe operation of bonding dot system the anchor leg cut off.Between the two ends cutting off anchor chain, a safety belt (safety belt size need be determined according to the design conditions of each Single-point system) is installed, suitably loosen tensioner, make safety belt and tensioner simultaneously stressed, be generally this anchor leg and the tension force standard being not less than former design safety value is provided;
5th step: the anchor chain after being cut by saturated diver's tieback;
According to DNV(Det Norske Veritas) shape of code requirement and inner cupola formula single buoy mooring system single-point anchor chain, during as anchor chain centre portion must be cut, the combination of choice for use D type shackle+enlarged link+D type shackle has carried out the tieback of the rear anchor chain of cutting, and tieback work is under water undertaken by saturated diver;
6th step: loosen tensioner and recover anchor leg to normal mode of operation;
After the work of anchor leg tieback completes, loosen tensioner, anchor leg returns to normal mode of operation, and tensioner does not stress, and measures the anchor leg after relaxation processes and the parameter with bunch two other anchor leg, and compares, confirm the effect of anchor leg relaxation processes.
Above-mentioned angle gage, oil cylinder, pumping plant, standing rigging, steel strand, end anchor, anchor leg, suspender belt, shackle, chain link are commercially available prod or adopt prior art manufacture.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, every above embodiment is done according to technical spirit of the present invention any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the processing method that single-point anchor leg is lax, is characterized in that: adopt following control step:
The first step: unload several spacing tugboats of layout around oil tanker in Floating Production storage, produces storage by spacing tugboat to offshore floating type and unloads the bow of oil tanker to controlling;
Second step: lax anchor leg was tightened to tensioning state from relaxed state:
(1) to be stored up installation hornwork on the wirerope unloading the single buoy mooring system anchor leg of oil tanker in Floating Production by diver, measure the angle of entrance degree of each anchor leg, to judge the relaxed state of anchor leg;
(2) underwater hydraulic tensioner is installed, lax anchor leg was tightened to tensioning state from relaxed state;
In order to determine to tighten up length, when tightening up, adopt following steps:
1. the parameters of diver's test constantly anchor leg, generally often tightens up 0.5m and measures once, and record take off data each time;
2., when same bunch 3 the anchor leg angle of entrance degree of measurement, the angle of entrance degree of synchronization 3 anchor legs is compared;
When 3. measuring, first removing attachment point place marine life, then on every bar anchor leg, two angle gages are installed, by reading the method for aviation value, choosing the aviation value of measurement;
4. contrast is with the Parameters variation relation between bunch anchor leg, and calculates length and the number of rings that need cut anchor chain; Finally determine Cutting Length and the number of rings of anchor chain chain link;
3rd step: after anchor leg is tensioned, between two tension points, lax chain segment cuts unnecessary chain link;
4th step: erection insurance band between the two ends of cut-off anchor chain;
5th step: the anchor chain after being cut by diver's tieback;
6th step: loosen tensioner and recover anchor leg to normal mode of operation.
2. the processing method that single-point anchor leg according to claim 1 is lax, is characterized in that: in described second step, when the angle of entrance measuring each anchor leg is spent, for the measurement of multiple anchor leg, the same depth of water can be selected to measure, during measurement, general measure cluster anchor leg or adjacent several anchor legs; Meanwhile, being positioned at the depth of water and the position of rope socket under anchor leg by diver's subsidiary, is also measure cluster anchor leg or adjacent several anchor legs.
3. the processing method that single-point anchor leg according to claim 1 is lax, it is characterized in that: described underwater hydraulic tensioner major part comprises: oil cylinder, steel structure, pumping plant, end anchor, steel strand and oil pipe, wherein, oil cylinder is fixed in steel structure, one end of steel structure is connected with standing rigging, and the other end is without coupled condition; Steel strand one end is through oil cylinder, and the other end is connected with end anchor; End anchor is connected with standing rigging; Pumping plant is positioned on construction ship deck above water, by oil pipe by power transmission to oil cylinder.
4. the processing method that single-point anchor leg according to claim 3 is lax, is characterized in that: described steel structure is: tower structure.
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| CN201210281820.3A CN102774471B (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2012-08-09 | Single point anchor leg relaxation processing method |
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| CN201210281820.3A CN102774471B (en) | 2012-08-09 | 2012-08-09 | Single point anchor leg relaxation processing method |
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| CN102774471B true CN102774471B (en) | 2015-04-08 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103407548A (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2013-11-27 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Quick release method and device of anchor chain for permanently mooring on-water floating type platform |
| CN103738477B (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2017-02-08 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Method for replacing upper anchor cable of mooring anchor legs |
| CN105216972B (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-06-09 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | The control method and device of many ship integrations of operation of anchoring system |
| CN105197188B (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2017-08-29 | 中海石油（中国）有限公司番禺作业公司 | Mooring anchor leg hanging dynamic tie back tool and tieback method under water |
| CN110539848A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-12-06 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | method for replacing mooring anchor legs by lifting double ships |
| CN117576635B (en) * | 2024-01-17 | 2024-03-29 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 | Method for judging linear target tensioning state in video identification |
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| CN2227108Y (en) * | 1995-08-10 | 1996-05-15 | 电力工业部电力建设研究所 | Cable hydraulic lifting device |
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| US7421967B1 (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-09-09 | Sofec, Inc. | Mooring apparatus and method |
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| CN101687533A (en) * | 2007-05-16 | 2010-03-31 | Agr深水发展系统股份有限公司 | Pull in - pay out mooring system and method of using the same |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7823646B2 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2010-11-02 | Vetco Gray Inc. | Riser tensioner with lubricant reservoir |
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Patent Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2227108Y (en) * | 1995-08-10 | 1996-05-15 | 电力工业部电力建设研究所 | Cable hydraulic lifting device |
| GB2351724A (en) * | 1999-05-24 | 2001-01-10 | Kvaerner Oil & Gas Field Dev | Offshore oil loading |
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| US7421967B1 (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-09-09 | Sofec, Inc. | Mooring apparatus and method |
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Address after: 100010 Chaoyangmen North Street, Dongcheng District, Dongcheng District, Beijing Co-patentee after: Offshore Oil Engineering Co., Ltd. Patentee after: China Offshore Oil Group Co., Ltd. Co-patentee after: CNOOC Deepwater Development Limited Co-patentee after: Shenzhen Sea Oil Engineering Underwater Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100010 Chaoyangmen North Street, Dongcheng District, Dongcheng District, Beijing Co-patentee before: Offshore Oil Engineering Co., Ltd. Patentee before: China National Offshore Oil Corporation Co-patentee before: CNOOC Deepwater Development Limited Co-patentee before: Shenzhen Sea Oil Engineering Underwater Technology Co.,Ltd. |
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Granted publication date: 20150408 Termination date: 20200809 |
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