CN103738477B - Method for replacing upper anchor cable of mooring anchor legs - Google Patents
Method for replacing upper anchor cable of mooring anchor legs Download PDFInfo
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- CN103738477B CN103738477B CN201410036332.5A CN201410036332A CN103738477B CN 103738477 B CN103738477 B CN 103738477B CN 201410036332 A CN201410036332 A CN 201410036332A CN 103738477 B CN103738477 B CN 103738477B
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Abstract
Disclosed is a method for replacing an upper anchor cable of mooring anchor legs. The method includes 1), arranging a plurality of limiting tugs on the stem of a floating production storage and offloading oil tanker; 2), mounting protractors on the mooring anchor legs; 3), descending a tensioner to the sea floor and then tightening an anchor chain; 4), cutting a loosened anchor chain ring; 5), demounting the tensioner; 6), regulating heading of the oil tanker to be perpendicular to the anchor legs; 7), uplifting the upper anchor cable; 8), demounting an old upper anchor cable section head; 9), pulling a new upper anchor cable section head to the bottom of a single point; 10), mounting the new upper anchor cable section head; 11), connecting the new upper anchor cable section head with one section of the anchor chain to form a complete anchor leg; 12), releasing an underwater hydraulic tensioner steel strand to a natural state and demounting the same; 13), remeasuring water entry angle of the anchor legs and water depth and position of an lower anchor cable section head of the anchor legs. By the application of the method, all construction work like recycling the old anchor cable and mounting the new anchor cable are realized under the condition of not releasing the floating production storage and offloading oil tanker; therefore, production efficiency and reliability are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the replacing options of anchor hawser, the replacing options of anchor hawser on more particularly, to a kind of mooring anchor lower limb.Belong to sea
Foreign petroleum works field.
Background technology
At present, inner cupola formula single point mooring system is the single-point that one kind is widely used in that oil tanker (FPSO) is unloaded in Floating Production storage
Anchoring system.After field facility comes into operation, through operation for many years, damaging easily occurs in single point mooring's anchor lower limb.Mooring anchor lower limb
Each ingredient in, upper anchor hawser because be chronically at repeatedly shrink and stretching state, its damage probability very big.Fracture of wire and pine
Stock is the frequent damaged condition of upper anchor hawser, and when damage reaches to a certain degree, the maximum safety that upper anchor hawser can bear carries
Charge values will be less than required safe load value during single point mooring system design.If now meeting with violent typhoon or tropical storm being attacked
Hit, upper anchor hawser is possible to rupture, oil supply field production facility brings very big potential safety hazard.Therefore, once mooring anchor lower limb
When serious fracture of wire or other serious conditions in upper anchor hawser, anchoring system security evaluation need to be carried out, and decide whether to replace with anchor
Cable, to ensure the safe operation of single point mooring system and other field facilities.
STP type single point mooring system mostly is 9 lower limbs (be divided into 3 clusters, every 3 anchor lower limbs of cluster, be spaced 5 °, each cluster is spaced 120 °) form
Anchoring system.Every mooring anchor lower limb version is identical, including：An anchor hawser being directly connected with single-point floating drum, followed by
One section of anchor chain being mounted with balancing weight or counterweight chain, is followed by combining of anchor hawser and anchor chain, is finally anchoring pile.
Floating Production stores up the mode that on the APL type single point mooring anchor lower limb unloading when oil tanker (FPSO) normally produces, anchor hawser is changed
It is：Oil tanker (FPSO) is unloaded in Floating Production storage free, seabed is sunk in single-point floating drum water filling, then, remove old upper anchor hawser, pacify again
Fill new upper anchor hawser, finally, single-point is unloaded oil tanker (FPSO) tieback with Floating Production storage.Due to being related to Floating Production storage emptying
Wheel (FPSO) is freed and the work such as tieback, and therefore, its workload is huge, and need to carry out in the case that oil field stops production, and yield is damaged
Lose more serious.
Additionally, in terms of anchor lower limb under water tensioning tieback, at present, conventional method is made by mechanical tensioning instrument, by its with
Anchor chain to be tensioned connects, and the working chain by the mechanical tightener of lifting, realizes anchor lower limb tensioning；Then, then by saturation dive
Water person completes anchor lower limb tieback.But this anchor lower limb tensioning method, because the process of mechanical tensioning and tensioning degree are not easily controlled and right
Operation ship performance requirement is high, and ship need to be equipped with large-scale crane or winch (generally more than 150T).Thus, operation resources on board
Selection aspect limited by larger, vessel expenses is higher, and the method is subject to larger (the typically comprehensive unrestrained high 1.5m of inside even from weather
Or can implement to lift below), construction speed is wayward.
Content of the invention
Present invention is primarily targeted at overcoming the disadvantages mentioned above that prior art exists, and provide anchor on a kind of mooring anchor lower limb
The replacing options of cable, it can unload not freeing Floating Production storage in the case that oil tanker (FPSO) do not affect normally to produce, and realizes
Anchor lower limb tensioning and cutting, remove old anchor hawser socket end, reclaim old anchor hawser, new anchor hawser socket end be installed, lay new anchor hawser, anchor lower limb
Tieback etc. is all constructed；Greatly reduce Floating Production storage to unload oil tanker (FPSO) and free and the work such as tieback；Improve production effect
Rate and reliability.
The purpose of the present invention is realized by technical scheme below：
On a kind of mooring anchor lower limb anchor hawser replacing options it is characterised in that：Using following steps：
The first step：The stern unloading oil tanker 3 in Floating Production storage arranges several spacing tugboats, so that Floating Production is stored up and unloads oil tanker 3
Bow to being in a constant approximate angle；
Second step：Protractor is installed on the wirerope of the mooring anchor lower limb 18 of same depth of water by air dive person 6, to measure
The immersion angle degree of upper anchor hawser；
3rd step：Underwater hydraulic stretcher is transferred to seabed and is installed to the Counterweight anchor chain front end of pending anchor lower limb, so
Afterwards, start underwater hydraulic stretcher to tighten up anchor chain, tensioning anchor lower limb 18 simultaneously；
4th step：After anchor lower limb 18 tensioning, lax anchor chain chain link between two tension points is selected to be cut；
5th step：After the completion of cutting, discharge underwater hydraulic stretcher steel strand wires 13, make anchor lower limb be in the lax shape not stressed
State, is then removed the connection of underwater hydraulic stretcher and upper anchor hawser end anchor chain by saturated diver 15；
6th step：In old upper anchor hawser dismounting and new upper anchor hawser 30 installation process, oil tanker 3 is unloaded in adjustment Floating Production storage
Bow is to vertical with pending anchor lower limb；
7th step：Air dive supports that the port and starboard unloading oil tanker 3 is stored up in berthing in Floating Production respectively for ship 25 and paving cable ship, by
Air dive person 6 installs leading block and guide cable in single-point bottom, and upper anchor hawser is slightly up carried, and makes anchor hawser socket end 28
It is in the state of not stressing；
8th step：Socket end dismantling device 21 on special upper anchor hawser is transferred to single-point bottom, will be connected by air dive person 6
Connect structure division to be installed on socket end and fixing, then, remove old upper anchor hawser socket end using this instrument；
9th step：Using guide cable 32, new upper anchor hawser socket end 28 is drawn to single-point bottom；
Tenth step：The position of anchor hawser socket end 28 and angle in adjustment, install new upper anchor hawser socket end 28；
11st step：On the deck of paving cable ship, by socket end 27 under new anchor hawser and the shot shackle 34 salvaging
It is attached, the anchor chain with seabed is carried out tieback by this section of anchor chain 34, and forms a complete anchor lower limb；
12nd step：After the completion of new upper anchor hawser 30 lays, underwater hydraulic stretcher unclamps, and fully discharges steel strand wires,
Make the length of steel strand wires more than the distance between two anchor chains 34, then, respectively by underwater hydraulic stretcher steel construction and bottom anchor with
Two sections of anchor chains 34 connect, and start underwater hydraulic stretcher and draw two sections of anchor chains 34 over to one's side；By saturated diver 15 by two sections of anchor chains 34
Couple together, just complete anchor chain 34 tieback, and form a complete anchor lower limb, release underwater hydraulic stretcher steel strand wires are to nature
After state, remove；
13rd step：After the completion of anchor chain 34 is changed, remeasure the immersion angle degree of anchor lower limb 18 and socket end 27 under anchor hawser
The depth of water, position；Meanwhile, calculate angu-lar deviation, and with anchor chain 34 change before immersion angle degree and anchor hawser under socket end 27 water
Deep, position is compared, normal to guarantee single-point anchor lower limb structure.
In the described first step, during saturation diving operation, Floating Production storage unloads the bow of oil tanker 3 to just to pending anchor lower limb, and
Allow to fluctuate in the range of ± 20 °；Floating Production storage during air dive operation is unloaded the bow of oil tanker 3 and is become one to between pending anchor lower limb
Set angle, generally 90 ° of this set angle, and allow fluctuation in the range of ± 5 °.
In described 3rd step, underwater hydraulic stretcher includes：One oil cylinder 7, steel construction 8, pumping plant 9, bottom anchor 14, steel strand wires 13
With oil pipe 11, wherein, pumping plant 9 is located on construction ship deck 10, by oil pipe 11, delivers power to oil cylinder 7；Oil cylinder 7 is solid
In steel construction 8；One end of steel construction 8 is connected with standing rigging 12；One end of steel strand wires 13 passes through oil cylinder 7, steel strand wires
13 other end is connected with bottom anchor 14；Bottom anchor 14 is connected with standing rigging 12；After starting pumping plant 9, oil cylinder 7 can be along steel strand wires 13
Make bidirectional-movement.
In described 5th step, after saturated diver 15 removes underwater hydraulic stretcher and the connection of upper anchor hawser end anchor chain,
Saturation diving supports that ship 4 has two kinds of selections：One is：Only reclaim rigging in old upper anchor hawser end anchor chain installation underwater robot,
Old upper anchor hawser is voluntarily reclaimed by the paving cable ship 24 being loaded with underwater robot；Two be by saturation diving support ship 4 voluntarily reclaim old
Upper anchor hawser end, then by old upper anchor hawser end pass to paving cable ship 24, by paving cable ship 24 carry out further recovery operation.
In described 6th step, adjustment Floating Production storage unloads the bow of oil tanker 3 to vertical with pending anchor lower limb, and allows to float
Formula produces storage and unloads the bow of oil tanker 3 to fluctuation in the range of ± 5 °.
In described 8th step, on upper anchor hawser, socket end dismantling device 21 is mainly connected by hydraulic cylinder and attachment structure two parts
Connect composition；Concrete installation process is as follows：
(1) winch 33 steel wire rope on paving cable ship 24 is connected with upper anchor hawser；
(2) remove the insurance of socket end pin rod, start hydraulic cylinder and socket end pin rod is ejected, upper anchor hawser is separated with single-point；This
When, anchor hawser weight is transferred on paving cable ship 24 winch 33 steel wire rope, frees the anti-decable of fixation between old upper anchor hawser and single-point
Tool, the winch 33 of paving cable ship 24 starts to reclaim anchor hawser.
In described 9th step, in order to avoid new upper anchor hawser socket end 28 is in decentralization process, anchor hawser surpasses because of degree of crook
Cross setting and cause to damage, need first in new upper anchor hawser 30 decentralization process, the attitude in water is：Catenary enters action
State calculates；Then, instruct decentralization process with result of calculation, that is,：Anchor hawser lowering velocity and construction ship is controlled to move ship's speed degree, its
In, in decentralization process, anchor hawser need to be made with time shift ship to unfold away from single-point as far as possible, reduce degree of crook, make both form one
Best fit, anchor hawser degree of crook reaches minimum.
In described 11st step, during a shot shackle 34 cutting salvaging, the mid portion of anchor chain 34 uses D type shackle
The mode of+enlarged link+D type shackle combination 22 carries out tieback；Therefore, two chain links are cut on anchor chain 34 again；After cutting, then
One end that shackle is combined is connected with anchor chain 34, then, then lays new upper anchor hawser 30+ anchor chain 34+D type shackle combination 22.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
(1) replacing to upper anchor hawser, can unload in Floating Production storage and carry out under the in-service condition of production of oil tanker (FPSO), it is to avoid
Floating Production storage is unloaded oil tanker (FPSO) and is freed and the work such as tieback, and its workload greatly reduces, and now oil field is in normally
Production status, greatly reduces production loss and the quality loss in oil field.
(2) hydraulic tensioning is incorporated into underwater construction, the method having broken away from traditional anchor lower limb mechanical tensioning is to construction ship
The constraint of energy rigors, considerably increases resources on board choice, significantly reduces expense, meanwhile, improves production effect
Rate and reliability.
(3) the socket end hydraulic dismounting/mounting tool of the present invention, makes air dive person carry out anchor hawser socket end in single-point bottom
Remove and installation becomes convenience and high-efficiency, the time removing or installing a upper latching connector socket end is about one day.
(4) by entering to anchor hawser attitude (catenary) in water in the installation of socket end on new anchor hawser and anchor hawser laid course
Row calculates analysis, Calculation results is used for instructing anchor hawser decentralization process, so that anchor hawser will not be damaged because of overbending, protection
Anchor hawser.
(5) design of D type shackle+enlarged link+D type shackle combination and application, the code requirement both having met, meet again
The requirement of convenience for construction.
Brief description
When Fig. 1 cuts for anchor chain of the present invention, FPSO bow is to control schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is anchor lower limb immersion angle degree instrumentation plan of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is underwater hydraulic tension equipment schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is tensioning and the cutting schematic diagram of anchor lower limb of the present invention.
Fig. 5 separates schematic diagram for anchor hawser of the present invention with anchor chain.
Fig. 6 is recycled to deck schematic diagram for the present invention old anchor hawser end.
Fig. 7 is that on anchor hawser of the present invention, socket end is removed and installed accommodation schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is socket end dismounting schematic diagram on anchor hawser of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is that on the new anchor hawser of the present invention, socket end draws to single-point bottom schematic view.
Figure 10 is that D type shackle of the present invention connects two sections of anchor chain schematic diagrams.
In figure Major Symbol explanation：
1. main spacing tugboat, 2. auxiliary stopper tugboat, 3. Floating Production storage unload oil tanker, 4. saturation diving support ship, 5. measure
Angle device, 6. air dive person, 7. oil cylinder, 8. steel construction, 9. pumping plant, 10. construction ship deck, 11. oil pipes, 12. standing riggings,
13. steel strand wires, 14. bottom anchors, 15. saturated divers, 16. diving bells, 17.5T water wings, 18. anchor lower limbs, 19. rigging combinations, 20. anchors
Socket end dismantling device on lower limb balancing weight, 21. special upper anchor hawsers, 22.D type shackle combination, 23. cutter link, 24. paving cable ships,
25. air dives support ships, 26. fenders, socket end under 27. anchor hawsers, anchor hawser socket end on 28., 29. stern A to hang, 30. new
Upper anchor hawser, 31. leading blocks, 32. guide cables, 33. winches, 34. anchor chains.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Fig. 1 Figure 10, the present invention adopts following steps：
The first step：As shown in figure 1, the stern unloading oil tanker 3 in Floating Production storage arranges several spacing tugboats, limited by tugboat
Floating Production processed storage unloads rotation under wind, wave, stream effect for the oil tanker 3 so as to bow is to being in a constant approximate angle；Its
In, the quantity of spacing tugboat and horsepower need to unload the size of oil tanker 3, the impact of stormy waves stream, the impact of interior wave current, drag according to Floating Production storage
The wheel combined factors such as handling determine, are usually made up of with two auxiliary stopper tugboats 2 the spacing tugboat 1 of master；Floating is given birth to
The spacing work that oil tanker 3 is unloaded in product storage is broadly divided into two kinds：One is saturation diving construction operation, and two is on the upper anchor hawser of air dive
Latching connector dismounts construction operation；During saturation diving operation；
1. first, Floating Production storage is unloaded the bow of oil tanker 3 to controlling in the direction just to pending anchor lower limb, now, floating
Produce storage and unload oil tanker 3 and saturation diving support ship 4 formation maximum angle, be that saturated diver 15 cuts anchor chain creation the most under water
Safe accommodation condition；The bow that oil tanker 3 is unloaded in Floating Production storage fluctuates in the range of ± 20 ° to permission.
2. on the upper anchor hawser of air dive latching connector dismounting construction operation during, Floating Production storage unload oil tanker 3 bow to treat
Process and become a set angle between anchor lower limb, this set angle mainly considers to determine from the convenience of upper anchor hawser folding and unfolding, generally 90 °；
Floating Production storage unloads the bow of oil tanker 3 to allowing to fluctuate in the range of ± 5 °, and this selects and single for the quantity of spacing tugboat, horsepower
The handling of tugboat itself has the requirement of harshness.Either saturation diving operation or air dive operation, is both needed to formulate
Safely and effectively spacing monitoring programme and emergency measure, to guarantee the safety of construction ship.
Second step：As shown in Fig. 2 air dive person 6 install on the wirerope of the mooring anchor lower limb 18 at same depth of water special
Protractor 5.General measure cluster anchor lower limb；Meanwhile, saturated diver 15 swims out of from diving bell 16, and under measurement anchor lower limb, rope connects
The depth of water of head and position, generally：Measurement cluster anchor lower limb；Anchor hawser immersion angle degree before and after changing in order to anchor hawser in auxiliary judgment
Situation of change, the effect that in judge, anchor hawser is changed.
3rd step：As shown in figure 3, transfer underwater hydraulic stretcher to seabed and be installed to by rigging combination 19 treating
Anchor lower limb balancing weight 20 front end processing, installs 5T water wings 17 under water to offset its deadweight on hydraulic tensioner.Then, start water
Anchor chain is tightened up by lower hydraulic tensioner, be saturated diver 15 carry out anchor chain under water without power cutting create conditions；Meanwhile, tensioning
Anchor lower limb 18；Wherein, underwater hydraulic stretcher includes：Oil cylinder 7, steel construction 8, pumping plant 9, bottom anchor 14, steel strand wires 13 and oil pipe 11, pump
Stand on the 9 construction ship decks 10 more than the water surface, by oil pipe 11, deliver power to oil cylinder 7；Oil cylinder 7 is fixed on steel
In structure 8, it is integrated.One end of steel construction 8 is connected with standing rigging 12, and the other end of steel construction 8 is connectionless.Steel
One end of twisted wire 13 passes through oil cylinder 7, and the other end of steel strand wires 13 is connected with bottom anchor 14；Bottom anchor 14 is connected with standing rigging 12；Open
After dynamic pumping plant 9, oil cylinder 7 can make bidirectional-movement along steel strand wires 13, to reach the purpose of tensioning or loose ends anchor lower limb.In steel strand wires
During 13 tensionings, unnecessary steel strand wires 13 then have one end both sides that standing rigging 12 connects to skid off from steel construction 8.
The operation principle of underwater hydraulic stretcher is：The steel being located at outside oil cylinder 7 using large-tonnage suspender belt or other riggings
Structure 8 and bottom anchor 14 are attached with two points of anchor chain respectively, then, start the hydraulic power unit 9 being located on construction ship, lead to
Crossing oil pipe 11 drives oil cylinder 7 to start stroke.
4th step：As shown in figure 4, after anchor lower limb 18 tensioning, selecting lax anchor chain chain link between two tension points to be cut
Cut, during cutting, cut at cutter link 23 using diamond wire cutting saw or other cutting tools.Selecting cutting position
When, the frictional force between a shot shackle for the upper anchor hawser after need to considering to cut and end connection and sea bed, can be made it compared with short distance
The end anchor chain stopping upper anchor hawser from interior (less than underwater hydraulic stretcher maximal dilation length) bounces back and keeps poised state.
5th step：As shown in fig. 6, after the completion of cutting, discharging underwater hydraulic stretcher steel strand wires 13, so that anchor lower limb is in and be not subject to
The relaxed state of power, is then removed the connection of underwater hydraulic stretcher and upper anchor hawser end anchor chain by saturated diver 15, now,
Saturation diving supports that ship 4 can have two kinds of selections：One is only to reclaim in old upper anchor hawser end anchor chain installation underwater robot (ROV)
Rigging, voluntarily reclaims old upper anchor hawser by the paving cable ship 24 being loaded with underwater robot (ROV)；Two is to support ship 4 by saturation diving
Voluntarily reclaim old upper anchor hawser end, then pass it to spread cable ship 24, further recovery operation is carried out by paving cable ship 24.Two
The method of kind, determines according to practice of construction situation.
6th step：As shown in fig. 7, in old upper anchor hawser dismounting and new upper anchor hawser 30 installation process, floating need to be adjusted
Produce storage and unload oil tanker 3 bow to extremely vertical with pending anchor lower limb, now, spread cable ship 24, air dive supports ship 25 and single-point bottom
Portion position to be onstructed is all minimum distance.In order to prevent to collide, paving cable ship 24, air dive support ship 25 and single-point it
Between fender 26 is installed.In dismounting during anchor hawser socket end 28, air dive person 6 is in the operation of single-point bottom, and due to APL
The special construction of single-point, auxiliary dismounting rigging can be installed on the rotation of single-point structure and not rotational structure simultaneously；Now, in order to
Do not affect to construct, and ensure diver's safety, Floating Production storage unloads the bow of oil tanker 3 to should control in the range of ± 5 °.In addition, by
Lose the restraining ability to single-point floating drum after upper anchor hawser is removed, if now meeting with vile weather (generally typhoon), does not have
There is more preferable emergency measure can implement, single point mooring system there may be danger, therefore, before upper anchor hawser changes construction, need elder generation
Determine and can be constructed after on following 2-3 days time inland sea, weather is all right.
7th step：As shown in fig. 7, supporting that berthing unloads oil tanker in Floating Production storage respectively for ship 25 and paving cable ship by air dive
3 port and starboard, air dive person 6 installs leading block 31 and guide cable 32 in single-point bottom, and by guide cable, handss is pulled calabash
The instruments such as reed are transferred to single-point bottom；Single-point does not install anchor hawser anticreep rigging on rotational structure, and in single-point not rotational structure
With on rotational structure, guide chain is installed, upper anchor hawser is slightly up carried, to offset its gravity, makes at anchor hawser socket end 28, as far as possible
It is in the state of not stressing, be that the dismounting of upper anchor hawser socket end 28 creates favorable conditions.
8th step：Under leading block helps, socket end dismantling device 21 on special upper anchor hawser is transferred to single-point bottom,
Wherein, on upper anchor hawser, socket end dismantling device 21 is mainly made up of hydraulic cylinder and the connection of attachment structure two parts；By diver
Using guide chain, attachment structure part is installed on socket end and fixing, its concrete installation process is as follows：
(1) winch cable on paving cable ship is connected with upper anchor hawser, to prevent from removing after socket end, anchor hawser falls；
(2) remove the insurance of socket end pin rod, start hydraulic cylinder and socket end pin rod is ejected, upper anchor hawser is separated with single-point；This
When, anchor hawser weight is transferred on the steel wire rope of paving cable ship 24 winch 33, frees the fixing anticreep between old upper anchor hawser and single-point
Rigging, the winch 33 of paving cable ship 24 starts to reclaim anchor hawser.
9th step：As shown in figure 9, drawn new upper anchor hawser socket end 28 using guide cable 32 (going to sea to single-point bottom
Before construction, new upper anchor hawser 30 in advance disk enter to spread in the cylinder of cable ship 24).
1. in order to avoid new upper anchor hawser socket end 28 is in decentralization process, anchor hawser is made because degree of crook exceedes setting
Become to damage, need first in new upper anchor hawser 30 decentralization process, the attitude in water is：Catenary carries out dynamic calculation；
2. instruct decentralization process with result of calculation, that is,：Anchor hawser lowering velocity and construction ship is controlled to move ship's speed degree, wherein,
In decentralization process, anchor hawser need to be made with time shift ship to unfold away from single-point as far as possible, reduce degree of crook, make both form one most preferably
Cooperation, anchor hawser degree of crook reaches minimum；In addition, leading to the latching connector on anchor hawser cannot be with single-point bottom for preventing because anchor hawser reverses
The situation of portion's male centering occurs, and need to install a Universal rotary trochanter, tonnage root in the decentralization rigging of latching connector under anchor hawser 27 additional
Determine according to practical situation.
Tenth step：Using the upper anchor hawser socket end 28 of guide chain adjustment position and angle so as to accurate with single-point bottom male
Group is right, then, is fixed, and the pin rod of upper anchor hawser socket end 28 is put into pin-and-hole, using socket end on special upper anchor hawser
Dismantling device 21, pin rod is all headed into pin-and-hole installation insurance piece, just completes the installation of new upper anchor hawser socket end 28.
11st step：On the deck of paving cable ship, by socket end 27 under new anchor hawser and the shot shackle 34 salvaging
It is attached, the anchor chain with seabed is carried out tieback by this section of anchor chain 34, and forms a complete anchor lower limb.According to DNV (Norway's ship
Level society) specification and APL type single-point mooring line geometries, cutting anchor chain 34 mid portion need to use D type shackle+enlarged link+D type
The mode of shackle combination 22 carries out tieback.Therefore, do not change for anchor leg length before and after ensureing construction, need to be by D type shackle group
The length of conjunction 22 takes into account, and cuts two chain links (having cut a chain link under water) on anchor chain 34 again.After cutting, then by D
One end of type shackle combination 22 is connected with anchor chain 34, then, repaves and puts new upper anchor hawser 30+ anchor chain 34+D type shackle combination
22.During lay, equally to consider the catenary state of new upper anchor hawser 30, and hang 29 assistance using the stern A of paving cable ship 24 to wear
More lower water bridge.
12nd step：After the completion of new upper anchor hawser 30 lays, by saturated diver 15 check between two sections of anchor chains 34 away from
From.Underwater hydraulic stretcher unclamps, and fully discharge steel strand wires, the length making steel strand wires more than the distance between two anchor chains 34,
Then, respectively underwater hydraulic stretcher steel construction and bottom anchor are connected with two sections of anchor chains 34, start underwater hydraulic stretcher by two
Section anchor chain 34 is drawn over to one's side.Two sections of anchor chains 34 have been connected by saturated diver 15 with another D type shackle in D type shackle combination 22
Come, just complete anchor chain 34 tieback, and form a complete anchor lower limb, so far new upper anchor hawser 30 installation completes.Release water
Lower hydraulic tensioner steel strand wires, to naturalness, it are removed from anchor lower limb.
13rd step：After the completion of anchor hawser is changed, remeasure the immersion angle degree of anchor lower limb 18 and the water of socket end 27 under anchor lower limb
Deep, position, meanwhile, calculates angu-lar deviation, and the depth of water of socket end 27, position under the immersion angle degree before changing with anchor hawser and anchor lower limb
Put and be compared it is ensured that single-point anchor lower limb structure is normal.
Main spacing tugboat, auxiliary stopper tugboat, oil tanker is unloaded in Floating Production storage, ship is supported in saturation diving, protractor, oil cylinder,
Socket on pumping plant, oil pipe, standing rigging, steel strand wires, bottom anchor, diving bell, 5T water wings, anchor lower limb, anchor lower limb balancing weight, special upper anchor hawser
Head dismantling device, paving cable ship, air dive support socket end under ship, fender, anchor hawser, upper anchor hawser socket end, stern A to hang, anchor
Cable, leading block, guide cable, winch, anchor chain are prior art, and the technology of not specified (NS) is prior art.
The above, be only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not the present invention is made with any pro forma restriction, all
It is any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification above example made according to the technical spirit of the present invention, all still fall within
In the range of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. on a kind of mooring anchor lower limb anchor hawser replacing options it is characterised in that：Using following steps：
The first step：The stern unloading oil tanker (3) in Floating Production storage arranges several spacing tugboats, so that Floating Production is stored up and unloads oil tanker (3)
Bow to being in a constant approximate angle；
Second step：Protractor is installed on the wirerope of the mooring anchor lower limb (18) of same depth of water by air dive person (6), to measure
The immersion angle degree of upper anchor hawser；
3rd step：Underwater hydraulic stretcher is transferred to seabed and is installed to the Counterweight anchor chain front end of pending anchor lower limb, then,
Start underwater hydraulic stretcher to tighten up anchor chain, tensioning anchor lower limb (18) simultaneously；
4th step：After anchor lower limb (18) tensioning, lax anchor chain chain link between two tension points is selected to be cut；
5th step：After the completion of cutting, discharge underwater hydraulic stretcher steel strand wires (13), make anchor lower limb be in the lax shape not stressed
State, is then removed the connection of underwater hydraulic stretcher and upper anchor hawser end anchor chain by saturated diver (15)；
6th step：In old upper anchor hawser dismounting and new upper anchor hawser (30) installation process, oil tanker (3) is unloaded in adjustment Floating Production storage
Bow is to vertical with pending anchor lower limb；
7th step：Air dive supports that the port and starboard unloading oil tanker (3) is stored up in berthing in Floating Production respectively for ship (25) and paving cable ship, by
Air dive person (6) installs leading block and guide cable in single-point bottom, and upper anchor hawser is slightly up carried, and makes anchor hawser socket end
(28) it is in the state of not stressing；
8th step：Socket end dismantling device (21) on special upper anchor hawser is transferred to single-point bottom, will be connected by air dive person (6)
Connect structure division to be installed on socket end and fixing, then, remove old upper anchor hawser socket end using this instrument；
9th step：Using guide cable (32), new upper anchor hawser socket end (28) is drawn to single-point bottom；
Tenth step：The position of anchor hawser socket end (28) and angle in adjustment, install new upper anchor hawser socket end (28)；
11st step：On the deck of paving cable ship, by socket end (27) under new anchor hawser and the shot shackle (34) salvaging
It is attached, the anchor chain with seabed is carried out tieback by this section of anchor chain (34), and forms a complete anchor lower limb；
12nd step：After the completion of new upper anchor hawser (30) lays, underwater hydraulic stretcher unclamps, and fully discharges steel strand wires, makes
The length of steel strand wires more than the distance between two anchor chains (34), then, respectively by underwater hydraulic stretcher steel construction and bottom anchor with
Two sections of anchor chains (34) connect, and start underwater hydraulic stretcher and draw two sections of anchor chains (34) over to one's side；By saturated diver (15) by two sections
Anchor chain (34) couples together, and just completes anchor chain (34) tieback, and forms a complete anchor lower limb, discharges underwater hydraulic stretcher steel
Twisted wire, to naturalness, is removed；
13rd step：After the completion of anchor chain (34) is changed, remeasure socket end (27) under the immersion angle degree of anchor lower limb (18) and anchor hawser
The depth of water, position；Meanwhile, calculate angu-lar deviation, and with anchor hawser (35) change before immersion angle degree and anchor hawser under socket end
(27) the depth of water, position are compared, normal to guarantee single-point anchor lower limb structure.
2. on mooring anchor lower limb according to claim 1 anchor hawser replacing options it is characterised in that：In the described first step, satisfy
With during diving operation, Floating Production storage unloads the bow of oil tanker (3) to just to pending anchor lower limb, and allows fluctuation in the range of ± 20 °；
Floating Production storage during air dive operation is unloaded the bow of oil tanker (3) and is become a set angle to between pending anchor lower limb, this set angle
Generally 90 °, and allow fluctuation in the range of ± 5 °.
3. on mooring anchor lower limb according to claim 1 anchor hawser replacing options it is characterised in that：In described 3rd step, water
Lower hydraulic tensioner includes：One oil cylinder (7), steel construction (8), pumping plant (9), bottom anchor (14), steel strand wires (13) and oil pipe (11), its
In, pumping plant (9) is located on construction ship deck (10), by oil pipe (11), delivers power to oil cylinder (7)；Oil cylinder (7) is fixing
In steel construction (8)；One end of steel construction (8) is connected with standing rigging (12)；One end of steel strand wires (13) passes through oil cylinder
(7), the other end of steel strand wires (13) is connected with bottom anchor (14)；Bottom anchor (14) is connected with standing rigging (12)；Start pumping plant (9)
Afterwards, oil cylinder (7) can make bidirectional-movement along steel strand wires (13).
4. on mooring anchor lower limb according to claim 1 anchor hawser replacing options it is characterised in that：In described 5th step, satisfy
Remove after the connection that underwater hydraulic stretcher is with upper anchor hawser end anchor chain with diver (15), saturation diving supports that ship (4) has two
Plant and select：One is：Only reclaim rigging in old upper anchor hawser end anchor chain installation underwater robot, by the paving being loaded with underwater robot
Cable ship (24) voluntarily reclaims old upper anchor hawser；Two is to support that ship (4) voluntarily reclaims old upper anchor hawser end by saturation diving, then will
Old upper anchor hawser end passes to paving cable ship (24), carries out further recovery operation by paving cable ship (24).
5. on mooring anchor lower limb according to claim 1 anchor hawser replacing options it is characterised in that：In described 6th step, adjust
The storage of whole Floating Production unloads the bow of oil tanker (3) to vertical with pending anchor lower limb, and allows Floating Production to store up the bow unloading oil tanker (3)
Fluctuate in the range of ± 5 °.
6. on mooring anchor lower limb according to claim 1 anchor hawser replacing options it is characterised in that：In described 8th step, on
On anchor hawser, socket end dismantling device (21) is mainly connected by hydraulic cylinder and attachment structure two parts and forms；Concrete installation process is such as
Under：
(1) winch (33) steel wire rope that will spread on cable ship (24) is connected with upper anchor hawser；
(2) remove the insurance of socket end pin rod, start hydraulic cylinder and socket end pin rod is ejected, upper anchor hawser is separated with single-point；Now,
Anchor hawser weight is transferred on the steel wire rope of paving cable ship (24) winch (33), frees the fixing anticreep between old upper anchor hawser and single-point
Rigging, the winch (33) of paving cable ship (24) starts to reclaim anchor hawser.
7. on mooring anchor lower limb according to claim 1 anchor hawser replacing options it is characterised in that：In described 9th step, it is
Avoid new upper anchor hawser socket end (28) in decentralization process, anchor hawser causes because degree of crook exceedes setting to damage, and needs
First in new upper anchor hawser (30) decentralization process, the attitude in water is：Catenary carries out dynamic calculation；Then, with calculating
Result instructs decentralization process, that is,：Control anchor hawser lowering velocity and construction ship to move ship's speed degree, wherein, in decentralization process, need same
Time shift ship makes anchor hawser unfold away from single-point as far as possible, reduces degree of crook, makes both form a best fit, anchor hawser degree of crook
Reach minimum.
8. on mooring anchor lower limb according to claim 1 anchor hawser replacing options it is characterised in that：In described 11st step,
During a shot shackle (34) cutting salvaging, the mid portion of anchor chain (34) uses D type shackle+enlarged link+D type shackle group
The mode closing (22) carries out tieback；Therefore, two chain links are cut on anchor chain (34) again；After cutting, then that shackle is combined
End is connected with anchor chain (34), then, then lays new upper anchor hawser (30)+anchor chain (34)+D type shackle combination (22).
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| CN201410036332.5A CN103738477B (en) | 2014-01-26 | 2014-01-26 | Method for replacing upper anchor cable of mooring anchor legs |
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Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105173001B (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-08-29 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | Anchor hawser rope slocket spacing protector |
| CN105216972B (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-06-09 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | The control method and device of many ship integrations of operation of anchoring system |
| CN105197188B (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2017-08-29 | 中海石油（中国）有限公司番禺作业公司 | Mooring anchor leg hanging dynamic tie back tool and tieback method under water |
| CN105366005B (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2017-06-16 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | A kind of replacing options of mooring anchor leg |
| CN106741668B (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-07-10 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | The mounting process of floating production storage offloading's tieback |
| CN110539848A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-12-06 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | method for replacing mooring anchor legs by lifting double ships |
| CN110962993B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-11-19 | 天津大学 | Abdicating unloading balancer for offshore floating artificial island anchor cable |
| CN111766665A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-10-13 | 安徽光纤光缆传输技术研究所(中国电子科技集团公司第八研究所) | Rotary ring capable of modularly replacing slip ring underwater |
| CN112875158A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-01 | 神华神东煤炭集团有限责任公司 | Method for replacing fully mechanized coal mining face conveyor chain |
| CN112937760B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2023-06-20 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司 | Mooring large cable friction chain anti-drop device and method |
| CN113212656B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2022-07-01 | 深圳海油工程水下技术有限公司 | Pipe cable lifting method for single-point cabin |
| CN113959612B (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2024-04-12 | 明阳智慧能源集团股份公司 | Anchor holding power testing method |
| CN114112658A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-03-01 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | Ship deck embedded mooring hole strength test device and test method |
| CN115140241A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-10-04 | 海洋石油工程股份有限公司 | Automatic tripping device for underwater mooring rope and anchor chain |
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| GB2296904B (en) * | 1995-03-03 | 1996-12-18 | Victoria Oilfield Dev | Mooring and Flowline System |
| CN2227108Y (en) * | 1995-08-10 | 1996-05-15 | 电力工业部电力建设研究所 | Cable hydraulic lifting device |
| CN2495547Y (en) * | 2000-10-13 | 2002-06-19 | 天津航道勘察设计研究院 | Means for supervision harrow of sucking type dredge |
| US7421967B1 (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-09-09 | Sofec, Inc. | Mooring apparatus and method |
| CN102774471B (en) * | 2012-08-09 | 2015-04-08 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Single point anchor leg relaxation processing method |
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Address after: 100010 Chaoyangmen North Street, Dongcheng District, Dongcheng District, Beijing Co-patentee after: OFFSHORE OIL ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL Corp. Co-patentee after: CNOOC DEEPWATER DEVELOPMENT Ltd. Co-patentee after: COOEC SUBSEA TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100010 Chaoyangmen North Street, Dongcheng District, Dongcheng District, Beijing Co-patentee before: OFFSHORE OIL ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL Corp. Co-patentee before: CNOOC DEEPWATER DEVELOPMENT Ltd. Co-patentee before: COOEC SUBSEA TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
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Address after: 100010 No. 25 North Main Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, Chaoyangmen Patentee after: CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL Corp. Patentee after: OFFSHORE OIL ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: CNOOC DEEPWATER DEVELOPMENT Ltd. Patentee after: CNOOC Shenzhen Ocean Engineering Technology Service Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100010 No. 25 North Main Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, Chaoyangmen Patentee before: CHINA NATIONAL OFFSHORE OIL Corp. Patentee before: OFFSHORE OIL ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: CNOOC DEEPWATER DEVELOPMENT Ltd. Patentee before: COOEC SUBSEA TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
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