CN102770378A - Apparatus for making a glass article and methods - Google Patents

Apparatus for making a glass article and methods Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102770378A
CN102770378A CN2011800105741A CN201180010574A CN102770378A CN 102770378 A CN102770378 A CN 102770378A CN 2011800105741 A CN2011800105741 A CN 2011800105741A CN 201180010574 A CN201180010574 A CN 201180010574A CN 102770378 A CN102770378 A CN 102770378A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
chamber
melten glass
glass
predefecation
clarifying chamber
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Granted
Application number
CN2011800105741A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN102770378B (en
Inventor
W·G·多尔夫德
R·罗兹
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Corning Inc
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Corning Inc
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Publication of CN102770378B publication Critical patent/CN102770378B/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/18Stirring devices; Homogenisation
    • C03B5/187Stirring devices; Homogenisation with moving elements
    • C03B5/1875Stirring devices; Homogenisation with moving elements of the screw or pump-action type
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B17/00Forming molten glass by flowing-out, pushing-out, extruding or drawing downwardly or laterally from forming slits or by overflowing over lips
    • C03B17/06Forming glass sheets
    • C03B17/061Forming glass sheets by lateral drawing or extrusion
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B17/00Forming molten glass by flowing-out, pushing-out, extruding or drawing downwardly or laterally from forming slits or by overflowing over lips
    • C03B17/06Forming glass sheets
    • C03B17/067Forming glass sheets combined with thermal conditioning of the sheets
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/225Refining
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/235Heating the glass
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/42Details of construction of furnace walls, e.g. to prevent corrosion; Use of materials for furnace walls
    • C03B5/43Use of materials for furnace walls, e.g. fire-bricks
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
    • Y02P40/57Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)

Abstract

Apparatus are provided for making a glass article. The apparatus includes a pre-fining chamber with a first stirring device for stirring molten glass in the pre-fining chamber. The apparatus further includes a fining chamber configured to remove a majority of the gas bubbles from the molten glass. The apparatus also includes a post-fining chamber with a second stirring device for stirring molten glass in the post-fining chamber. Methods are also provided for making a glass article. The methods include the steps of stirring molten glass in a pre-fining chamber, removing a majority of the gas bubbles from the molten glass in a fining chamber, and stirring the molten glass in the post-fining chamber.

Description

Be used for making the equipment and the method for glasswork
The right of priority that No. the 61/308067th, the U.S. Patent application that the application requires to submit on February 25th, 2010.
Technical field
Relate generally to of the present invention is used to make the equipment and the method for glasswork, more specifically, the present invention relates to the equipment and the method for in predefecation chamber and clarifying chamber, back, stirring melten glass.
Background of invention
Glass making system is commonly used to form various glassworks, for example liquid-crystal display (LCD) sheet glass.For example, the known melten glass that makes flows in the isobaric groove, has formed glass ribbon said the grade in the indent through the fusion glass tube down-drawing.Can cut apart said glass ribbon then so that LCD flat panel glass to be provided.
Summary of the invention
In an illustrative embodiments, a kind of method of making glasswork is provided.This method is included in melt batch materials in the glass melting device comprises the melten glass of White tin oxide with preparation step.This method also comprises the step that melten glass is delivered to the predefecation chamber and said predefecation chamber, stirs melten glass from the glass melting device.This method also comprises melten glass is delivered to the clarifying chamber and said clarifying chamber, from melten glass, removes the step of most of bubbles from the predefecation chamber.This method also comprises the step that melten glass is delivered to back clarifying chamber from the clarifying chamber, and the temperature of melten glass is lower than the temperature of melten glass in the predefecation chamber in the wherein back clarifying chamber.This method also is included in stirs melten glass and a certain amount of melten glass is delivered to shaped container from the clarifying chamber, back and forms the step of glasswork in the clarifying chamber, back.
In another illustrative embodiments, a kind of equipment of making glasswork is provided.This equipment comprises and is configured to predefecation chamber that batch of material is fused into the glass melting device of melten glass and is configured to receive from the glass melting device melten glass.Said predefecation chamber comprises first agitator, is used for stirring melten glass in the predefecation chamber.Equipment also comprises and is configured to the clarifying chamber that receives melten glass and from said melten glass, remove most of bubbles from the predefecation chamber.This equipment also comprises the back clarifying chamber that is configured to receive from the clarifying chamber melten glass.Clarifying chamber, said back comprises second agitator and is used for stirring melten glass in the clarifying chamber, back, and wherein second mixing device is configured to use the stirring littler than first agitator to shear and stirs melten glass.Said device also comprises the shaped container that is configured to receive melten glass from the clarifying chamber, back and forms glasswork.
Brief Description Of Drawings
Can understand these and other aspect better with reference to the following embodiment of advantages, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram that is used for making the equipment of glass plate;
Fig. 2 is the enlarged view of a part of the equipment of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of 3-3 along the line among Fig. 2; And
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of 4-4 along the line among Fig. 2.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
To more completely describe each embodiment with reference to accompanying drawing at this, provide illustrative embodiments in the accompanying drawing.Whenever and wherever possible, in institute's drawings attached, use identical Reference numeral to represent identical or similar part.But the present invention can implement with many different modes, should not be interpreted to the embodiment that is confined in this proposition.
Synoptic diagram for the equipment 101 that is disposed for preparing glasswork shown in Figure 1.In one embodiment, said glasswork can comprise glass art sheet, Glass Containers, cane, Glass tubing or other glassworks.Equipment 101 can also be used to make glasswork, does not contain bubble in the said glasswork basically.For example, glasswork can also comprise the assembly of Optical devices, for example one or more glass lenss of Optical devices.In another embodiment, glasswork can comprise sheet glass, for example is used for the sheet glass of LCD display.
Shown in Fig. 1 was further, equipment 101 comprised glass melting device 103, and said glass melting device 103 is configured to melt the batch of material 105 from storage hopper 107.Can introduce said batch of material through the import of glass melting device 103 along direction arrow 111 through batch of material transmitting device 109.In glass melting device 103, batch of material 105 is fused into melten glass 113.Consider that according to required glasswork characteristic and processing melten glass 113 can comprise various constituents.For example, melten glass 113 can comprise volatile constituent, and said volatile constituent has strengthened clarifies bubble does not contain bubble basically with preparation glasswork from melten glass.Shown in synoptic diagram, melten glass 113 can comprise such as White tin oxide (SnO 2) and/or boron oxide (B 2O 3) volatile constituent.
Equipment 101 also comprises predefecation chamber 115, and said predefecation chamber 115 is configured to receive melten glass 113 from glass melting device 103.Meaning as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, predefecation chamber 115 comprise first agitator 117 that is used for the 115 stirring melten glass 113 in the predefecation chamber.Although consider that agitator can be around rotations such as angled axle or transverse axis, said first agitator 117 can be configured to rotate around the longitudinal axis along direction arrow 119.Perhaps as replacement, said agitator can move around axle, for example the hub of predefecation chamber 115 in addition.In the embodiment that shows, first agitator 117 comprises the longitudinal axis 121 that extends along the hub of predefecation chamber 115.First stirs blade configuration 123 comprises first group of blade 125, and said first group of blade 125 can completely be attached to the longitudinal axis 121.But first motor 127 connects to rotate the longitudinal axis 121 along direction arrow 119 with operating method, in predefecation chamber 115, stirs melten glass 113 to cause the first stirring blade configuration 123.
As shown in Figure 2, predefecation chamber 115 comprises import 129, is used for receiving melten glass from glass melting device 103.As shown in Figure 3, exemplary import 129 comprises elevation (elevational height) 131.Import 129 can have rounded periphery, and wherein said elevation 131 comprises the diameter of import 129.Although not shown, import 129 can have other shapes, for example Polygons (as, trilateral, rectangle etc.), curvilinear structures or other configurations.As Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 further shown in, predefecation chamber 115 also comprises outlet 133, said outlet 133 have with import 129 perimeter geometry on similarly peripheral, although in other embodiments different shapes can be provided.As shown in Figure 2, the import 129 of predefecation chamber 115 can place than outlet 133 low height, thereby allows the cross-stream of melten glass 113 in predefecation chamber 115.Provide the cross-stream of melten glass 113 can promote the interaction of stirring blade configuration 123, with mixed melting glass 113 before melten glass 113 is through outlet 133 transmission with first.
Equipment 101 also comprises and is configured to from the predefecation chamber 115 clarifying chambers 135 that receive melten glass and from said melten glass 113, remove most of bubbles 137.As shown in, clarifying chamber 135 can comprise the extended level pipe, although other chamber configuration possibly is provided in other embodiment.Shown in further, clarifying chamber 135 can randomly ventilate with atmosphere.Thereby illustrative embodiments can provide the clarifying chamber, wherein basically not the melten glass in clarifying chamber 135 113 apply vacuum.Among this paper, there is not vacuum to be used for representing that the pressure of the atmosphere of clarifying chamber 135 is at least 0.8 normal atmosphere basically.Therefore, however said do not have vacuum to comprise to have applied slight underpressure to have avoided being lower than 0.8 atmospheric embodiment basically.
Equipment 101 also comprises clarifying chamber 139, back, and clarifying chamber 139, said back is configured to the 135 reception melten glass 113 from the clarifying chamber.Meaning as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, back clarifying chamber 139 comprises second agitator 141 that is used for stirring in clarifying chamber, back 139 melten glass 113.Although consider that agitator can be around rotations such as angled axle or transverse axis, said second agitator 141 can be configured to rotate around the longitudinal axis along direction arrow 143.Perhaps as replacement, said agitator can move around axle in addition, for example the hub of clarifying chamber 139, back.In the embodiment that shows, second agitator 141 comprises the longitudinal axis 145 that extends along the hub of clarifying chamber 139, back.
Second stirs blade configuration 147 comprises second group of blade 149, and said second group of blade 149 can completely be attached to the longitudinal axis 145.First agitator 117 can be configured to shear than the 141 little stirrings of second agitator and stir melten glass 113.In one embodiment, the second stirring blade configuration comprises the big melten glass shearing table area of melten glass shearing table area than the first stirring blade configuration.In fact, like the equipment among Fig. 2, second group of blade 149 of the second stirring blade configuration 147 comprises a large amount of blades than first group of blade more than 125 of the first stirring blade configuration 123.Equally, the second stirring blade configuration 147 comprises the big melten glass shearing table area of melten glass shearing table area than the first stirring blade configuration 123.
Second motor 151 operatively connects, and to rotate the longitudinal axis 145 along direction arrow 143, stirs blade configuration 147 stirring melten glass 113 in clarifying chamber 139, back to cause second.As shown in, second motor 151 is can be than first motor 127 big and/or be arranged to provide the moment of torsion bigger than first motor 127.Likewise, first agitator 117 can be arranged to shear than the 141 little stirrings of second agitator and stir melten glass 113, even stir among blade configuration and the identical or similar embodiment of the second stirring blade configuration first.
As shown in Figure 2, back clarifying chamber 139 comprises import 153 and outlet 155, and said import 153 is used for the 135 reception melten glass from the clarifying chamber, and said outlet 155 is used for melten glass 113 is transferred to transferring case 157 (for example, bowl).As shown in Figure 2, the import 153 of back clarifying chamber 139 can place than outlet 155 high height, thereby allows the cross-stream of melten glass 113 in clarifying chamber 139, back.The cross-stream of melten glass 113 has promoted the interaction with the second stirring blade configuration 147, with mixed melting glass 113 before melten glass 113 is through outlet 155.
Device 101 also comprises the shaped container that is configured to receive melten glass from the clarifying chamber, back and forms glasswork.Said shaped container can comprise fusion glass tube down-drawing, slot draw, float glass process, pressing, moulding method, rolling and injection moulding device etc.As shown in Figure 1, for example, shaped container can comprise be configured to fuse drop-down glasswork wait indent 159, said glasswork passes through to fuse down the glass ribbon 161 that pull technology obtains from melten glass 113 shown in for example being.
Glass melting device 103 is usually by the refractory materials manufacturing, for example fire-resistant (for example pottery) brick.Said equipment 110 can also comprise usually by platinum or platinum metal for example platinum-rhodium, platinum-iridium and their parts that constitute, but these parts can also comprise such as following refractory metal: for example molybdenum, palladium, rhenium, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, ruthenium, osmium, zirconium and their alloy and/or ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE 99.5.Said platinum component can comprise predefecation chamber 115, clarifying chamber 135, back clarifying chamber 139, transmission container 157, overflow pipe 164 and lead to one or more in the import 165 of shaped container.Said platinum component can also comprise makes one or more in the interconnective pipe connecting of each container.
With reference to figure 1, the method for preparing glasswork is included in melt batch materials 105 in the glass melting device contains the melten glass 113 of White tin oxide with preparation step.In one embodiment, said melten glass can also comprise boron oxide.In case after the fusing,, in predefecation chamber 115, stir then through first motor 127 from the import 129 transmission melten glass 113 of glass melting device 103 through predefecation chamber 115.Meaning as shown in Figure 3; Melten glass 113 can be used as molten glass flow 113 and is introduced in the predefecation chamber 115, wherein enter into the predefecation chamber the molten glass flow elevation the elevation 169 that goes up 20% (representing) and melten glass 113 at least with reference numbers 167 at least 75% in the predefecation chamber 115 thorough mixing.Provide the thorough mixing on top of the elevation of molten glass flow to help to make the glass melt homogenizing through outlet 133 o'clock through distribution White tin oxide, boron oxide and/or other finingss, thereby increase the removal efficient of bubble in the clarifying chamber 135 at melten glass.Meaning as shown in Figure 3, through "+" mark 171, last facade 20% (reference numbers 167) maybe being evenly distributed less than White tin oxide and/or boron oxide.Yet after 117 stirrings of first agitator, mark 171 more hopes to be dispersed in through in the whole discharge glass melting stream that exports 133 entering clarifying chambers 135.In the predefecation chamber, forming more uniformly, melt also has the advantage that minimizes the zone of high moisture content in the molten glass flow.For example, when glass melting device 103 utilizes gas oxygen burner heating and melting glass surface, can cause the local high moisture content in zone shown in "+" mark 171 among Fig. 3.Make melten glass contact the surf zone in the meeting water-enriched with rich aqueous gas oxygen combustion atmosphere.If contact with the platiniferous wall of container after the rich aqueous zone of molten glass flow;, dissolving water possibly produce bubble when resolving into hydrogen; Said hydrogen permeate is crossed wall and is stayed oxygen, if possibly form bubble and not have suitably to control hydrogen permeate subsequently may the final glassy product of deterioration for it.After stirring with first agitator 117, water cut more advantageously turns to uniform concentration.Agitation in the predefecation chamber 115 possibly relate to low stirring of melten glass to be sheared, so that finings fully distributes.So, can save energy and can simplify or reduce the cost that stirs parts.
As shown in Figure 2, in case melten glass flows into the clarifying chamber, bubble 137 can freely rise to the surface 173 of glass melt in the clarifying chamber 135 in said clarifying chamber, to be released in the atmosphere 175 in the clarifying chamber.Can randomly provide pressure equilibrium value 177 to guarantee not apply vacuum basically to help from melten glass, removing bubble.Because do not apply vacuum basically, so can avoid the excessive volatilization of White tin oxide in the clarifying chamber 135 and/or boron oxide.After passing through clarifying chamber 135, melten glass 113 is substantially free of any bubble.Yet, possibly form the line shaped portion 179 of representing the inhomogeneous part of melten glass.
Melten glass 113 enters into clarifying chamber 139, back then, wherein stirs said melten glass with second agitator 141.In case glass melt is through shaped container (for example, waiting indent 159), melten glass comprises the basic compsn uniformly that does not contain the line shaped portion basically.
Like TM 181, shown in 183, the temperature of melten glass is lower than the temperature of melten glass in the predefecation chamber in the back clarifying chamber.The viscosity of said melten glass 113 in the predefecation chamber possibly be lower than the viscosity in the clarifying chamber, back.In order fully to stir melten glass, can use than the stirring in big motor 151 (compared to motor 127) and the clarifying chamber, back and shear and to shear height than the stirring in the predefecation chamber.In addition, the mixing of melten glass in the clarifying chamber, back can be higher than the mixing in the predefecation chamber, thereby makes said glass melt full and uniform before entering into shaped container.
Glass melt enters into shaped container and forms glasswork then.For example, as shown in, said shaped container such as comprises at indent 159 and said glasswork comprises through the sheet glass of fusion glass tube down-drawing from glass ribbon 161 preparations.
To those skilled in the art, obviously can carry out various modifications and changes, and not depart from scope of the present invention and spirit the present invention.

Claims (15)

1. method of making glasswork, this method may further comprise the steps:
(I) melt batch materials comprises the melten glass of White tin oxide with preparation in the glass melting device;
(II) said melten glass is transferred to the predefecation chamber from the glass melting device;
(III) in said predefecation chamber, stir melten glass;
(IV) said melten glass is transferred to the clarifying chamber from the predefecation chamber;
(V) in the clarifying chamber, from melten glass, remove most bubble;
(VI) melten glass is delivered to back clarifying chamber from the clarifying chamber, the temperature of melten glass is lower than the temperature of melten glass in the predefecation chamber in the wherein back clarifying chamber;
(VII) in clarifying chamber, said back, stir melten glass; And
(VIII) a certain amount of melten glass is transferred to shaped container to form glasswork from the clarifying chamber, back.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, said shaped container such as comprises at indent and said glasswork comprises the sheet glass through the preparation of fusion glass tube down-drawing.
3. like the described method of each aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that said melten glass comprises boron oxide.
4. like the described method of each aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that the viscosity of said melten glass in the predefecation chamber is lower than the viscosity in the clarifying chamber, back.
5. like the described method of each aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that the stirring that said melten glass carries out is sheared the stirring of in the clarifying chamber, back, carrying out less than melten glass and sheared in the predefecation chamber.
6. like the described method of each aforementioned claim; It is characterized in that; Said melten glass mixes in the predefecation chamber when step (III); When step (VII), mixing in the clarifying chamber in the back, wherein said melten glass is the mixing in the predefecation chamber when mixing in the clarifying chamber, back is higher than step (III) when step (VII).
7. like the described method of each aforementioned claim; It is characterized in that; When step (II); Melten glass is incorporated in the predefecation chamber with the molten glass flow that comprises elevation, wherein when step (III), gets at least 75% the elevation thorough mixing of going up melten glass in 20% elevation and the predefecation chamber at least of the molten glass flow of predefecation chamber.
8. like the described method of each aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that when step (VII) finished, melten glass had the basic homogeneous compositions that does not contain line formation part (cord-forming parts) basically.
9. like the described method of each aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, when step (V), do not apply vacuum basically to help from melten glass, removing bubble.
10. equipment that is used for making glasswork, this equipment comprises:
(A) glass melting device, said glass melting device is configured to batch of material is molten into melten glass;
(B) predefecation chamber, said predefecation chamber are configured to receive melten glass from the glass melting device, and said predefecation chamber comprises first agitator that is used for stirring in the predefecation chamber melten glass;
(C) clarifying chamber, said clarifying chamber are configured to receive melten glass and from said melten glass, remove most of bubbles from preparatory limpid chamber;
(D) clarifying chamber, back; Clarifying chamber, said back is configured to the reception melten glass from the clarifying chamber; Clarifying chamber, said back comprises second agitator that is used for stirring in the clarifying chamber, back melten glass, and wherein said second mixing device is configured to stir melten glass to shear less than the stirring of first agitator; And
(E) shaped container, said shaped container are configured to receive melten glass and form glasswork from the clarifying chamber, back.
11. equipment as claimed in claim 10; It is characterized in that; Said first agitator comprises first and stirs blade configuration and second agitator comprises second and stirs blade configuration, wherein said second stir blade configuration melten glass shearing table area stir the melten glass shearing table area of blade configuration greater than first.
12., it is characterized in that said shaped container comprises the indent that waits that is configured to fuse from melten glass drop-down glasswork like each described equipment in claim 10 or 11.
13. like each described equipment among the claim 10-12; It is characterized in that; Said predefecation chamber comprises the import that is used for receiving from the glass melting device melten glass, and the outlet that is used for said melten glass is transferred to the clarifying chamber, and wherein import places the height lower than outlet.
14. like each described equipment among the claim 10-13; It is characterized in that; Clarifying chamber, said back comprises the import that is used for receiving from the clarifying chamber melten glass; And the outlet that is used for said melten glass is transferred to shaped container, wherein the import of clarifying chamber, back places the height higher than the outlet of back clarifying chamber.
15., it is characterized in that said equipment is configured to not have vacuum aided and is used for removing from melten glass in the clarifying chamber bubble like each described equipment among the claim 10-14.
CN201180010574.1A 2010-02-25 2011-02-25 It is used for manufacturing equipment and the method for glass Expired - Fee Related CN102770378B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US30806710P 2010-02-25 2010-02-25
US61/308,067 2010-02-25
PCT/US2011/026184 WO2011106605A2 (en) 2010-02-25 2011-02-25 Apparatus for making a glass article and methods

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CN102770378B CN102770378B (en) 2016-08-31

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KR (1) KR101848101B1 (en)
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CN105246843A (en) * 2013-01-24 2016-01-13 康宁股份有限公司 Process and apparatus for refining molten glass
TWI624440B (en) * 2013-01-24 2018-05-21 康寧公司 Process and appratus for refining molten glass
CN105246843B (en) * 2013-01-24 2018-10-16 康宁股份有限公司 The method and apparatus of glass for refined melting
CN110655303A (en) * 2019-10-21 2020-01-07 扬州市丰泽特种电缆材料有限公司 Clarification method for electric melting furnace

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WO2011106605A3 (en) 2011-12-29
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