CN102768342A - Monitoring device for electric quantity of storage battery in off-grid photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents
Monitoring device for electric quantity of storage battery in off-grid photovoltaic power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102768342A CN102768342A CN2012102589280A CN201210258928A CN102768342A CN 102768342 A CN102768342 A CN 102768342A CN 2012102589280 A CN2012102589280 A CN 2012102589280A CN 201210258928 A CN201210258928 A CN 201210258928A CN 102768342 A CN102768342 A CN 102768342A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a monitoring device for the electric quantity of a storage battery in an off-grid photovoltaic power generation system. The monitoring device is characterized in that a first analog-to-digital converter, a second analog-to-digital converter, a third analog-to-digital converter and a multiplier are arranged in a single chip microcomputer MCU (microprogrammed control unit), a storage battery voltage acquisition circuit is connected with the first analog-to-digital converter, a solar battery component voltage acquisition circuit is connected with the second analog-to-digital converter, a storage battery current acquisition circuit is connected with the third analog-to-digital converter, a power-down electric quantity data storage circuit is in bidirectional connection with the single chip microcomputer MCU, and an electric quantity information indicator is connected with an output end of the single chip microcomputer MCU. Owing to the design, the monitoring device for the electric quantity of the storage battery in the off-grid photovoltaic power generation system can effectively solve the problem of electric quantity volatility of the storage battery, whether the storage battery is fully charged or not is accurately judged, discharge rate of the storage battery is displayed according to the flickering condition of LED indicator lamps when the storage battery is discharged until the voltage of the storage battery is equal to cut-off voltage, and a user can estimate the residual electric quantity of the storage battery according to the quantity of the flickering LED indicator lamps.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of accumulator electric-quantity monitoring, especially a kind of from netting accumulator electric-quantity monitoring device in the photovoltaic generating system.
Background technology
In the net photovoltaic generating system, accumulator is the preferential selection of energy storage component.What of accumulator current electric quantity directly affect can load-carrying work duration; Also be to remind the user in time to cut off the important evidence of load; Therefore accumulator electric-quantity is the important parameter of photovoltaic system running status, designs a kind of device of monitoring accumulator electric-quantity and just seems very necessary.
Monitoring accumulator electric-quantity and a lot of ways, wherein based on electric current to time integral be the way of ampere-hour meter be very directly perceived, have an operability.But capacity of accumulator itself just changes along with the influence of factors such as the increase of tenure of use, temperature variation, discharge rate size, is engraved in when promptly the electric weight during the full electricity of accumulator is to change.Its dump energy was inconsistent when the difference of Yin Wendu, discharge rate conditions such as (sizes of discharge current) again, battery discharging voltage were low to moderate the cut-off voltage of regulation.Therefore, how this method based on ampere-hour meter indicates the accumulator current electric quantity, provides the effective information of accumulator current electric quantity to become the thing that numerous scientific workers pay close attention to the user.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that the present invention will solve is: in order to overcome the above-mentioned middle problem that exists; Provide a kind of from netting accumulator electric-quantity monitoring device in the photovoltaic generating system; Can control the changeableness of accumulator capacitance of storage and the uncertainty of dump energy effectively, the user of containing floating charge or constant voltage charging method for use provides effective accumulator electric-quantity information, reaches 80% when above of the capacity of revising last time in accumulator electric-quantity accumulative total; If PV voltage exists; Charge in batteries voltage does not have big variation, and the charging current of accumulator kept a period of time with a very little electric current of numerical value, just thinks that accumulator is full of; Electric weight is 100%, and this moment, the full electric capacity (the specified ampere-hour of accumulator during program initialization) with accumulator was modified to current electric quantity.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of from netting accumulator electric-quantity monitoring device in the photovoltaic generating system; Comprise power circuit, the single-chip microprocessor MCU that is connected with power circuit, battery tension Acquisition Circuit, battery current Acquisition Circuit, solar module voltage collection circuit, power down electric quantity data memory circuit and information about power indication; The input end of power circuit connects accumulator, for other all circuit provide energy, is provided with first analog to digital converter, second analog to digital converter, the 3rd analog to digital converter and multiplier in the described single-chip microprocessor MCU; Described battery tension Acquisition Circuit is connected with first analog to digital converter; The solar module voltage collection circuit is connected with second analog to digital converter, and the battery current Acquisition Circuit is connected with the 3rd analog to digital converter, and power down electric quantity data memory circuit is connected with single-chip microprocessor MCU is two-way; The information about power indication is connected with the single-chip microprocessor MCU output terminal; When the cut-off voltage of battery discharging to regulation, what show to the user no longer is the size of accumulator current electric quantity, but the size of the discharge current of accumulator and be discharged to the information of cut-off voltage during to cut-off voltage; Discharge current is big more; Dump energy is big more, when user's acquired information is heavy-current discharge, can select with little load discharge or charging in time; And the information that discharges is during with low discharging current, promptly is to remind user's charging in time.
Described battery tension Acquisition Circuit comprises electric resistance partial pressure, the first isolation follow circuit and first filtering circuit that is connected with first analog to digital converter; Electric resistance partial pressure output terminal and first is isolated follow circuit and is connected, and first isolates follow circuit is connected with first filtering circuit.
Described solar module voltage collection circuit comprises optocoupler voltage conversion circuit, the second isolation follow circuit and second filtering circuit that is connected with second analog to digital converter; Optocoupler voltage conversion circuit output terminal and second is isolated follow circuit and is connected, and second isolates follow circuit is connected with second filtering circuit.
Described battery current Acquisition Circuit comprises I/V change-over circuit, adding circuit and the 3rd filtering circuit that is connected with the 3rd analog to digital converter, and the I/V change-over circuit is connected with adding circuit, and adding circuit is connected with the 3rd filtering circuit.
Described information about power indication comprises LED light and the resistance of connecting with LED light; LED light is connected with the I/O mouth of single-chip microprocessor MCU through resistance; The number of LED light is represented the scope of dump energy; When being discharged to cut-off voltage, represent the situation of discharge rate with the number of LED light flicker.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows; A kind of accumulator electric-quantity monitoring device in the net photovoltaic generating system that leaves of the present invention adopts this kind design, can solve the problem of accumulator electric-quantity changeableness effectively; Accurately judged the full power state of accumulator; When being discharged to cut-off voltage, the flicker situation of LED light has shown discharge rate, and the user can estimate the size of accumulator dump energy according to the number of LED light flicker.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Fig. 1 is a structured flowchart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the circuit theory diagrams of accumulator electric-quantity monitoring hardware of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a single-chip microcomputer main program flow synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that accumulator electric-quantity monitoring device of the present invention is used synoptic diagram;
Fig. 5 is a charge in batteries curve synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a battery discharging curve synoptic diagram of the present invention.
1. power circuits among the figure, 2. single-chip microprocessor MCU, 21. first analog to digital converters, 22. second analog to digital converters, 23. the 3rd analog to digital converters; 24. multiplier, 3. battery tension Acquisition Circuit, 31. electric resistance partial pressures, 32. first isolate follow circuits, 33. first filtering circuits; 4. solar module voltage collection circuit, 41. optocoupler voltage conversion circuits, 42. second isolate follow circuits, 43. second filtering circuits; 5. battery current Acquisition Circuit, 51.I/V change-over circuit, 52. adding circuits, 53. the 3rd filtering circuits; 6. power down electric quantity data memory circuit, 7. information about power indication, 71.LED pilot lamp, 72. resistance.
Embodiment
Combine accompanying drawing that the present invention is done further detailed explanation now.These accompanying drawings are the synoptic diagram of simplification, basic structure of the present invention only is described in a schematic way, so it only show the formation relevant with the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1 is a kind of from netting accumulator electric-quantity monitoring device in the photovoltaic generating system; Comprise power circuit 1; Power circuit 1 is connected with single-chip microcomputer MUC2; The input end of power circuit 1 is taken from accumulator, supplies with battery tension Acquisition Circuit 3, solar module voltage collection circuit 4, battery current Acquisition Circuit 5, power down electric quantity data memory circuit 6 and information about power indication 7 for its all circuit provide energy; Be provided with first analog to digital converter 21, second analog to digital converter 22, the 3rd analog to digital converter 23 and multiplier 24 in the single-chip microprocessor MCU 2; First filtering circuit 33 in the battery tension Acquisition Circuit 3 is connected with first analog to digital converter 21, and first filtering circuit 33 and first is isolated follow circuit 32 and is connected, and first isolates follow circuit 32 is connected with electric resistance partial pressure 31; Second filtering circuit 43 in the solar module voltage collection circuit 4 is connected with second analog to digital converter 22; (43 and second isolate follow circuit, and (42 are connected second filtering circuit, and second isolates follow circuit 42 is connected with optocoupler voltage conversion circuit 41, and the 3rd filtering circuit 53 in the battery current Acquisition Circuit 5 is connected with the 3rd analog to digital converter 23; The 3rd filtering circuit 53 is connected with adding circuit 52; Adding circuit 52 is connected with I/V change-over circuit 51, power down electric quantity data memory circuit 6 and 2 two-way connections of single-chip microprocessor MCU, and information about power indication 7 is connected with single-chip microprocessor MCU 2 output terminals; Information about power indication 7 comprises LED light 71 and the resistance 72 of connecting with LED light 71, and LED light 71 is connected with the I/O mouth of single-chip microprocessor MCU 2 through resistance 72.
As shown in Figure 2 is a kind of from netting accumulator electric-quantity monitoring device in the photovoltaic generating system, and single-chip microprocessor MCU is a main control chip, built-in 12 the analog to digital converter ADC of single-chip microprocessor MCU and a hardware multiplier; Can satisfy data acquisition needs of the present invention and data operation requirement, battery current Acquisition Circuit (Battery current sensor) is the most important data acquisition circuit of the present invention, and this circuit uses high-accuracy operational amplifier OP07; Resistance adopts the low temperature drift precision resistance; Amplifier OP1A and resistance R 1, R2, R3, R22 form first order I/V data converting circuit, during charge in batteries, electric current from triangle " " flow to dotted line indicate " "; I/V data converting circuit output cathode property voltage; During battery discharging, electric current from dotted line indicate " " flow to triangle " ", I/V data converting circuit output negative pole property voltage; The size of absolute value of voltage is represented the size of accumulator cell charging and discharging electric current; Amplifier OP3A and resistance R 25, R26, R27, R28 form adder operation circuit, and this grade circuit converts the prime reverse voltage into positive polarity voltage, so that voltage drops in the acceptable voltage range of single-chip microcomputer analog to digital converter ADC; In order to eliminate other noise signals of circuit; Between adding circuit and ADC, increase the second-order low-pass filter that one-level is made up of amplifier OP2A, resistance R 4, R5, R6, R19 and capacitor C 18, C19, the different corresponding different ADC conversion values of charging and discharging currents size, the ADC value of discharge and charging just in time is in interval, the two poles of the earth.Battery tension Acquisition Circuit (Battery voltage sensor) and solar module voltage collection circuit (PV voltage sensor) are the necessary auxiliary circuits of native system.In the battery tension Acquisition Circuit, R23 and R24 form the battery tension bleeder circuit, follow the second-order low-pass filter that entering is made up of amplifier AR1A, resistance R 9, R11, R12, R13 and capacitor C 13, C14 through the isolation of amplifier AR1B; Get into single-chip microcomputer analog to digital converter ADC subsequently; In the solar module voltage collection circuit, because a lot of photovoltaic generating system is that the positive pole of solar cell and the positive pole of accumulator link together, negative pole is to isolate each other; Differ certain electromotive force; Therefore, adopt linear optical coupling PC817 to gather the voltage of solar module, follow-up treatment circuit is consistent with the battery tension Acquisition Circuit.With the current accumulator electric-quantities of five LED lights indication, LED connects with resistance, is directly driven by the I/O mouth of single-chip microcomputer.Five current accumulator electric-quantities of the bright expression of LED light are at preceding 80% to 100% of the capacity of once revising; Four current accumulator electric-quantities of the bright expression of LED light are at preceding 60% to 80% of the capacity of once revising; Three current accumulator electric-quantities of the bright expression of LED light at preceding 40% to 60%, two current accumulator electric-quantity of the bright expression of LED light once revising capacity at preceding 20% to 40%, one current accumulator electric-quantity of the bright expression of LED light once revising capacity at preceding 0% to 20% of the capacity of once revising; LED light is gone out entirely; For most lead-acid accumulators or colloid storage battery, be not allowed to, in the time of more; When LED static state showed, it was light yellow that the LED light more than should be arranged.When being discharged to cut-off voltage; LED can glimmer; A LED light flicker expression is with the current discharge less than 0.05C, and two LED light flicker expressions are with the current discharge between 0.05C and 0.1C, and three LED light flicker expressions are with the current discharge between 0.1C and 0.2C; Four LED light flicker expressions are with the current discharge between 0.2C and 0.3C, and five LED light flicker expressions are with the current discharge greater than 0.3C.
In the practical implementation process; At first to demarcate,, have linear relationship between AD conversion value and the tested parameter because employing all is linear circuit to the relation between single-chip microcomputer analog to digital converter AD conversion value and the tested parameter; With the battery tension Acquisition Circuit is example; The AD conversion value of single-chip microcomputer analog to digital converter sends to through 232 serial ports on the AccessPort assistant software of PC, and the corresponding AD value of record virtual voltage obtains following table
In 1stopt software, above data are carried out the match of linear function, obtain relational expression:
Battery tension=0.00861517874550284*AD+0.01759633824197
This relational expression is write into SCM program, and promptly in a single day single-chip microcomputer obtains the AD value, has just obtained the battery voltage measuring value through this relational expression operation.
Single-chip microcomputer is the maincenter of entire circuit, and it is responsible for the output control of collection, computing, judgement and the information about power of data, in concrete practice; Interrupt routine is responsible for the collection of data and the storage of power down data, and the master routine part then is by operation shown in Figure 3, and system one powers on; It at first is the initialization (comprise and read the accumulator electric-quantity data that are stored in the storer) of single-chip microcomputer; The master routine of single-chip microcomputer gets into endless loop then, in endless loop, if battery discharging is to the cut-off voltage of regulation; The indication of LED light indicates with " charging data processing and electric weight indication " and the electric weight in " discharge data is handled and the electric weight indication " that it doesn't matter; The number of discharge current flicker LED when LED basis is discharged to cut-off voltage, and in a single day charging appears in accumulator, LED light is no longer glimmered; Then the single-chip microcomputer master routine gets into " Full Charge Capacity handling procedure ", and at this program block, single-chip microcomputer at first detects PV voltage and whether is higher than battery tension; Judge whether accumulator is in charged state and electric weight greater than 80%; On this basis, whether single-chip microcomputer check charge in batteries electric current has kept a period of time with very little value, if; Judge that then accumulator has been full of electricity, at this time the full electric capacity of modification of program accumulator; SCM program gets into " discharge data is handled and the electric weight indication " program segment afterwards; In this program segment, the minimizing of accumulator electric-quantity will be by accurate record, the number that LED light knocks out; The reduction that has then accurately shown accumulator electric-quantity; If battery discharging voltage is low to moderate the cut-off voltage of regulation, this program segment can write down this information, and this information is brought into " discharge is by the LED indication " program segment at next cycle period; And then SCM program gets into " charging data processing and electric weight indication " program segment, and this program segment has accurately shown the recruitment of accumulator electric-quantity, and the bright number of LED light multiple spot has accurately reflected this process; Program gets into circulation next time afterwards.
So far, whole accumulator electric-quantity observation circuit narration finishes.
Above-mentioned accumulator electric-quantity observation circuit is applied in shown in Figure 4 leaving in the net photovoltaic generating system; In order to obtain more detailed result; The serial ports of single-chip microprocessor MCU is caused PC; The receiving software of PC is write by VB, and VB writes the TXT file with the data that receive, and is handled by the MATLAB reading of data again.
The curve that solar cell charges a battery, as shown in Figure 5, can see by curve; When charging to 3.65 hours, charge in batteries electric current current is reduced to a very little value, and near this value, has kept a period of time; Program is set to this state and keeps to think that accumulator has reached the charging state of saturation half an hour; The numerical value of the electric weight charge that promptly shows among the figure reaches 1, when charging to about 0.7 hour, though charging current has also been kept a period of time with a very little value; But not enough half an hour; And charge in batteries voltage has a bigger landing, thus program not judge accumulator electric-quantity by accident be full state, the charge value that accumulator is full of electricity is 48.395AH; Rather than the specified ampere-hour 50AH of accumulator; 48.395AH the correction capacity of accumulator that will be when continuing operation below the program, the LED light number of representing in the curve (LED num) be by the relative value decision of electric weight, the LED num value of data recording with test in observed consistent.
Battery discharging curve under the no solar cell situation, as shown in Figure 6, in more than one hour discharge process; Discharge current current takes place to change several times, and battery tension voltage also does reciprocal fluctuation thereupon, reduces trend but accumulator electric-quantity charge is dullness; When being discharged to 1.315 hours, controller cuts out the load output terminal, and discharge current is 0; Battery tension gos up rapidly, in experiment, has observed 4 LED lights simultaneously in flicker.Subsequently a period of time, solar cell is met into system, system promptly shown in Figure 4,4 LED lights stop flicker, and return to and have only two normal state of charge of LED light.
Visible by top narration; LED light has accurately shown the situation of change of accumulator electric-quantity; Accurately judged the full power state of accumulator, when being discharged to cut-off voltage, the flicker situation of LED light has shown discharge rate; The user has increased user experience according to the size of the number estimation accumulator dump energy of LED light flicker.
With above-mentioned foundation desirable embodiment of the present invention is enlightenment, and through above-mentioned description, the related work personnel can carry out various change and modification fully in the scope that does not depart from this invention technological thought.The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content on the instructions, must confirm its technical scope according to the claim scope.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is left accumulator electric-quantity monitoring device in the net photovoltaic generating system; It is characterized in that: comprise power circuit (1), the single-chip microprocessor MCU (2) that is connected with power circuit (1), battery tension Acquisition Circuit (3), solar module voltage collection circuit (4), battery current Acquisition Circuit (5), power down electric quantity data memory circuit (6) and information about power indication (7); Be provided with first analog to digital converter (21), second analog to digital converter (22), the 3rd analog to digital converter (23) and multiplier (24) in the described single-chip microprocessor MCU (2); Described battery tension Acquisition Circuit (3) is connected with first analog to digital converter (21); Solar module voltage collection circuit (4) is connected with second analog to digital converter (22); Battery current Acquisition Circuit (5) is connected with the 3rd analog to digital converter (23); Power down electric quantity data memory circuit (6) and two-way connection of single-chip microprocessor MCU (2), information about power indication (7) is connected with single-chip microprocessor MCU (2) output terminal.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of from netting accumulator electric-quantity monitoring device in the photovoltaic generating system; It is characterized in that: described battery tension Acquisition Circuit (3) comprises electric resistance partial pressure (31), first isolation follow circuit (32) and first filtering circuit (33) that is connected with first analog to digital converter (21); Electric resistance partial pressure (31) output terminal and first is isolated follow circuit (32) and is connected, and first isolates follow circuit (32) is connected with first filtering circuit (33).
3. according to claim 1 a kind of from netting accumulator electric-quantity monitoring device in the photovoltaic generating system; It is characterized in that: described solar module voltage collection circuit (4) comprises optocoupler voltage conversion circuit (41), second isolation follow circuit (42) and second filtering circuit (43) that is connected with second analog to digital converter (22); Optocoupler voltage conversion circuit (41) output terminal and second is isolated follow circuit (42) and is connected, and second isolates follow circuit (42) is connected with second filtering circuit (43).
4. according to claim 1 a kind of from netting accumulator electric-quantity monitoring device in the photovoltaic generating system; It is characterized in that: described battery current Acquisition Circuit (5) comprises I/V change-over circuit (51), adding circuit (52) and the 3rd filtering circuit (53) that is connected with the 3rd analog to digital converter (23); I/V change-over circuit (51) is connected with adding circuit (52), and adding circuit (52) is connected with the 3rd filtering circuit (53).
5. according to claim 1 a kind of from netting accumulator electric-quantity monitoring device in the photovoltaic generating system; It is characterized in that: described information about power indication (7) comprises LED light (71) and the resistance (72) of connecting with LED light (71), and LED light (71) is connected through the I/O mouth of resistance (72) with single-chip microprocessor MCU (2).
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Cited By (6)
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| CN104155610A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-11-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | Recorder for storage battery condition |
| CN107230288A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-10-03 | 苏州我要亲点电子科技有限公司 | A kind of new intelligent charging spot |
| CN108061835A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-05-22 | 重庆多邦科技股份有限公司 | A kind of solar energy photovoltaic panel voltage sampling method, system and circuit |
| CN110988706A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-10 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | Method for calculating SOC (state of charge) capacity of cadmium-nickel battery |
| CN111562507A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-08-21 | 歌尔科技有限公司 | Battery electric quantity display method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN112540218A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-23 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Satellite final assembly integrated test factory building dress star lithium cell group under-voltage alarm device |
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| CN112540218A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-23 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Satellite final assembly integrated test factory building dress star lithium cell group under-voltage alarm device |
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