CN102764889A - Electron beam synchronous powder feeding and quick forming method - Google Patents
Electron beam synchronous powder feeding and quick forming method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102764889A CN102764889A CN2012102434400A CN201210243440A CN102764889A CN 102764889 A CN102764889 A CN 102764889A CN 2012102434400 A CN2012102434400 A CN 2012102434400A CN 201210243440 A CN201210243440 A CN 201210243440A CN 102764889 A CN102764889 A CN 102764889A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electron beam synchronous powder feeding and quick forming method. The method includes that metal powder is fed to a portion, which is intersected with beam current, of a to-be-processed surface, in a coaxial or paraxial manner, and the portion can be positioned in a molten pool or at the front of the molten pool. The electron beam synchronous powder feeding and quick forming method is characterized in that an electron beam bombards a workpiece to form the molten pool, the molten pool moves relative to the surface of the workpiece, the metal powder is simultaneously fed to a thermal action zone to participate in melting, and processing is implemented. As the powder is fed, the synchronous powder feeding and quick forming method has the advantages that speed is fast, quality is good, chemical composition and structure property of a part can be conveniently regulated and controlled, and the method is particularly applicable to preparing high-gradient and multi-step materials and structures and also can be used for processing parts with fine appearances and dimensions. Compared with wire feeding technology, the electron beam synchronous powder feeding and quick forming method has the powder does not interfere with the part, technological difficulty is low, and the method is easy to control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of electron beam synchronous powder feeding system quick forming method, belongs to the quick shaping manufacturing and the recovery technique field of metal parts.
Background technology
The present invention relates to a kind of synchronous powder feeding system electron beam fast shaping technology and device, be applicable to that the quick shaping of metal parts is directly made and repaired; The preparation of high gradient or multistage gradient metal material, the preparation of metal-base composites etc.
The direct manufacturing technology of electron beam quick shaping of metal parts is that the novel metal entity that grew up in the last few years increases material processing technology.At present, from technology type, can be divided into based on fusing and send the electron beam fuse deposition technique of a material to and overlay the electron beam constituency smelting technology of powder based on fusing.Its common principle is to handle through the hierarchy slicing to the part three-dimensional digital model; Obtain the two-dimensional silhouette information of each layer cross section and generate machining path; As thermal source, the machining path according to predetermined melts packing material (metal wire material or the powder that overlays) in vacuum chamber with the electron beam of high-energy-density; Successively pile up, realize that finally the near-net-shape of compact metal part is directly made.
Electron beam fuse deposition Rapid Manufacturing Technology is the product that electron beam silk filling process technology and quick shaping thought combine.Electron beam fuse deposition technique is called electron beam free forming manufacturing technology Electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF in the world again
3) or electron beam entity free forming technology Electron beam solid freeform fabrication (EBSFFF).People such as the V.R.Dave of Massachusetts Institute Technology have just begun pilot study 1995, and 2002, people such as the K.M.Taminger of the Langley Research Center of NASA (NASA) and R.A.Hafley proposed EBF
3Technology.Electron beam process equipment supplier Sciaky company also carries out the research of technology and equipment when cooperating with NASA.Also have many mechanisms to possess the equipment or the ability of electron beam silk filling welding or surface sediment in the world, but can not have the ability of electron beam quick shaping.
Electron beam constituency fusing Rapid Manufacturing Technology Electron Beam Melting (EBM) is meant that electron beam drives down at deflection coil and lines by line scan by the path of planning in advance that the metal dust of fusing lay is piled up layer by layer, produce need metal parts.The whole machining process process all is in the above vacuum environment of 10-2Pa, can effectively avoid the influence of objectionable impurities in the air, and part is fine and close, and mechanical property can reach the forging level.2003, the Arcam AB company of Sweden at first released business-like former in the world.Domestic as Tsing-Hua University and Guilin electrician institute cooperation research and development similar devices.
The deficiency of prior art:
Prior art all has its unique advantage, thereby has certain scope of application, and certain limitation is also arranged simultaneously.
1. what send to based on the electron beam fuse deposition RP technique that fills silk is a material, and the metal wire material Composition Control is comparatively strict, thus accumulation body sneak into impurity may be littler, stackeding speed is fast, is suitable for the machining large part.But metal wire material is sent in the process interference that can take place with part to, and it is first-class to push up bath wall like haircuts or silk end, and the silk end departs from the center, molten bath often, can be biased to outside the molten bath when serious, causes catastrophe failure.The fuse deposition all has very strict requirement to angle, the position of wire feed, otherwise marked change will take place the accumulation body form, and process stabilizing is caused adverse effect.Above reason causes less relatively, the control difficulty of the process margin of fuse quick forming method, and fault is more.
Because wire composition receives the restriction of wire drawing process, adjustable range is little, and at the preparation functionally gradient material (FGM), or during regulation and control accumulation body composition, electron beam fuse deposition RP technique is not had an advantage.
Receive the restriction of shape of a material own and processing technology, electron beam fuse deposition RP technique is difficult to the structure of machining shape high complexity.
2. receive the restriction of part shape based on the electron beam constituency smelting technology of shop powder hardly, can process any complicated parts, but receive the restriction of power spreading device and electron beam deflection angle degree, be difficult to the machining large part; Compare with silk filling or powder feeding, the molten long-pending speed of material is very low, and the processing functionally gradient material (FGM) is restricted.
Summary of the invention
The present invention designs to the deficiency that exists in the above-mentioned prior art just a kind of electron beam synchronous powder feeding system quick forming method is provided, and its objective is the metal dust of sending to synchronously through electron-beam melting, realizes the part manufacturing.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following technical scheme:
This kind electron beam synchronous powder feeding system quick forming method is characterized in that: this method is at first carried out hierarchy slicing (18) to the cad model (16) of intending processing parts and is handled generation machining path (19); And change into numerical control program, import in the electron beam former metal dust (12) that electronic beam current (9) fusing is sent to synchronously; Machining path (19) according to planning is in advance piled up, and accomplishes an aspect processing, afterwards; Workbench (4) moves the height of one deck; Carry out the processing of next aspect, pile up so layer by layer, up to the processing of accomplishing whole part;
The granularity of above-mentioned metal dust (12) should be less than 300 μ m.
The advantage of technical scheme of the present invention is:
1. compare the inert gas shielding environment that adopts in other quick forming methods, the high vacuum environment that electron beam be shaped to adopt has the better protection effect to the metal of the condition of high temperature, can effectively avoid in the air impurity to sneak into part;
2. forming speed is fast.Compared to other thermals source such as electric arc, laser, electronic beam current can be easy to realize high-power, thereby the fusing stackeding speed of material is very fast;
3. electronic beam current adopts the focusing and the scanning of electromagnetic mode control line, and parameter control is very convenient when melting powder;
4. compare laser, adopt electron beam, like aluminium alloy etc. as the thermal source high reflecting metal material that can be shaped;
5. compare with the quick forming method of fusing silk material, adopt the method for sending powder to effectively to stop to send to
The interference on material and formation of parts surface reduces the control difficulty, increases process margin, thereby improves forming process stability greatly;
6. unfused powder has the effect that increases forming core after getting into the molten bath, can impel the refinement of part interior tissue;
7. raw material adopt powder can increase the flexibility of material design greatly, possess complicated functionally gradient material (FGM) preparation and composition ability of regulation and control; When adopting the mixture of metal dust and infusibility fiber fines, ceramic particle, can prepare metal-base composites;
8. compare with electron beam constituency smelting technology, electron beam synchronous powder feeding system RP technique forming speed improves tens of times, and the size of shaping increases greatly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 decides rifle formula synchronous powder feeding system electron beam quickly shaping device sketch map
Fig. 2 is rifle formula synchronous powder feeding system electron beam quickly shaping device sketch map
Fig. 3 is a coaxial powder-feeding operation principle sketch map
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of local A among Fig. 3
Fig. 5 is a paraxonic powder feeding operation principle sketch map
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of local B among Fig. 5
Fig. 7 is that the quick shaping cad model is handled sketch map, wherein:
7-1 is a part C AD model sketch map, and 7-2 is that sketch map is handled in the cad model layering, and 7-3 is two-dimentional aspect sketch map, and 7-4 is the routing information sketch map
Among Fig. 1～Fig. 7: 1. high voltage source and cable, 2. vacuum unit, 3. main vacuum chamber, 4. multiaxis workbench, 5. switch board; 6. electron gun, 7 coaxial powder-feeding nozzles, 8. powder feeder, 9. electronic beam current, the workpiece of 10. piling up; 11. substrate, 12. metal dusts, the drop of 13. fusings, 14. molten baths, 15. paraxonic powder-feeding nozzles; 16. the cad model of part, 17. square holes, 18. sections, 19. machining paths.
The specific embodiment
Below will combine accompanying drawing and embodiment that technology of the present invention is described further:
Accompanying drawing 1 has provided a kind of structure principle chart of deciding rifle formula synchronous powder feeding system electron beam quickly shaping device of embodiment of the present invention technical scheme, and electron gun 6 is fixed, and multiaxis workbench 4 drives workpiece 10 and produces relative motion with electronic beam current 9 and coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 7.This equipment high voltage source and cable 1 are connected to electron gun 6; Vacuum unit 2 is communicated with main vacuum chamber 3; Electron gun 6 is fixed on vacuum chamber 3 top outer, and coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 7 is fixed on electron gun 6 bottoms, and powder feeder 8 is connected with coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 7 through pipeline; Multiaxis workbench 4 is placed in vacuum chamber 3 inside, whole equipment of switch board 5 controls.Powder feeder 8 can be in same vacuum chamber 3 with workpiece 10; Also can be placed in the independent vacuum chamber, the centre separates with valve, so that in time increase powder.
Accompanying drawing 2 has provided the structure principle chart of a kind of moving rifle formula synchronous powder feeding system electron beam quickly shaping device of embodiment of the present invention technical scheme.This equipment high voltage source and cable 1 pass vacuum chamber 3 and are connected to electron gun 6; Vacuum unit 2 is communicated with main vacuum chamber 3; Electron gun 6 and powder feeder 8 are installed on the multiaxis workbench 4, all are positioned at main vacuum chamber 3 inside, and powder-feeding nozzle 7 is fixed on electron gun 6 bottoms; Powder feeder 8 is connected with coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 7 through pipeline, whole equipment of switch board 5 controls.Workpiece 10 drives electron gun 6 with multiaxis workbench 4 and powder feeder 8 produces relative motion with workpiece 10.
Accompanying drawing 3,4 has provided a kind of coaxial powder feeding apparatus schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention technical scheme.The coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 7 of hollow is fixed on electron gun 6 belows, and powder feeder 8 is connected with coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 7 through many pipelines, and the electronic beam current 9 that electron gun 6 produces forms molten bath 14 through the coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 7 bombardment metal dusts 12 and substrate 11 of hollow.Coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 7 tops are hollow cylinders, and the bottom is coniform coaxial double-layer wall construction.When only sending a kind of powder, multichannel powder feeder 8 can a shared powder-storage bin; When needs sent various powders, every road powder feeder can be equipped with independently powder-storage bin respectively; A plurality of powder-storage bins can a shared casing, also can have independent case body.The composition of metal dust is according to part composition and performance requirement allotment.Storage powder, dust feeder can have multichannel, can be separately or associated working, with the realization highly-efficient processing; When each road powder material not simultaneously, can realize the manufacturing of functionally gradient material (FGM) or structure.
Accompanying drawing 5,6 has provided a kind of paraxonic dust feeder schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention technical scheme.Multichannel powder feeder 8 connects with paraxonic powder-feeding nozzle 15, and paraxonic powder-feeding nozzle 15 is fixed with the relative position of electron gun 6, and aims at electronic beam current 9.
Shown in accompanying drawing 7, the implementation step of technical scheme of the present invention is following:
Before workpiece 10 processing, at first will handle the three-dimensional CAD model 16 of workpiece 10, the middle part of the workpiece 10 in the present embodiment has two square holes 17, shown in Fig. 7-1.Along model 16 short transverses (being made as the Z direction),, crossing according to certain thickness with the outer surface of part model with the plane cutting part model of series of parallel in the coordinate system X-Y plane, form the section 18 of two dimension, shown in Fig. 7-2.Like this, the three-dimensional CAD model 16 of three-dimensional workpiece 10 just changes into a series of X-Y scheme combinations, has accomplished dimension-reduction treatment.Shown in Fig. 7-3, the section 18 of each aspect has all comprised inside and outside contour information, and each two-dimentional aspect figure is filled and defined attribute with specific lines, has just obtained machining path 19, shown in Fig. 7-4.Configure line rising and attenuation parameter, the speed of service, powder flow velocity, start and stop parameter, reach parameter such as retardation in advance, together with the information of machining path 19, the nc program that the equipment of changing into can be discerned.
Can on existing part, pile up new part, also can make brand-new part.Need the suitable substrate 11 of a block size this moment, and mechanical chipping is carried out on the surface, and uses alcohol wipe.Substrate 11 materials are decided according to instructions for use, and are general consistent or approaching with the powder composition, can become the part of part, also can cut down in completion of processing to recycle.Substrate 11 is fixed on the work top, with clamps with reduce the distortion.Powder feeder 8 is added metal dust and adjusts machine performance.Preparation finishes, and closes vacuum chamber 3, starts vacuum unit 2 and vacuumizes, up to the vacuum that requires.General vacuum chamber will reach 5 * 10
-2Below the Pa, electron gun 10
-3Below the Pa, can start high voltage source 1.At any time can start line 9 processes.
Start preset nc program, the processing of beginning workpiece 10.Electronic beam current 9 produces relative motion with the workpiece 10 and the substrate 11 that are fixed on the workbench 4.Can be that electron gun 6 is fixing, workbench drives workpiece motion s, also can be that 4 of work are fixing with workpiece 10, electron gun 6 motions, perhaps electron gun 6 and workpiece 10 both all move, movement locus is the machining path 19 that part C AD model 16 generates when handling.
Electronic beam current 9, powder feeder 8, workbench 4 have startup, stop two states; In addition; Electronic beam current 9 has rising and attenuation rate, powder feeder 8 to have to reach in advance retardation, workbench 4 that acceleration is arranged and slows down, above everything all at one time coordinate accomplish down, with the safety action synchronism.The speed parameter is mapped time and displacement, under the necessary situation, also can use displacement as unified reference coordinate.Each moves all with routing information as a reference, and embodiment is following:
Electronic beam current 9 rises to setting value from 0mA needs 1 second time, and forms stable molten bath 14 on workpiece 10 surfaces; And after powder feeder 8 startups, powder fills up pulverized coal feed pipe and ejection needs 0.6 second; Electronic beam current 9 decays to 1 second 0 time spent from setting value, and after powder feeder stopped, the remaining powder of pipeline still can be sent 0.5 second to, after electronic beam current 9 was decayed 0.7 second, and weld pool solidifies.In view of the above, electronic beam current 9, powder feeder 8, workbench 4 threes' action logic relation is: at the start position of a continuous path, workbench 4 motions stop; If be 0 moment this moment, electronic beam current 9 begins to rise from 0mA, after 0.4 second; Powder feeder 8 starts; 1.5 after second, workbench 4 setting in motions are implemented processing.In path termination, be 0 constantly when establishing programmed instruction and being finished, then in the time of-1.5 seconds; The motion of workbench 4 just stops, and powder feeder stops in the time of-1.2 seconds, begins decay at-1 second line; Powder no longer flowed out in-0.7 second, and the molten bath disappeared in-0.3 second, and 0 moment program is finished.
The reason that adopts above time course is in order to make powder steady in the accumulation end to end in path, to obtain suitable full profile, otherwise size accumulative total can make that scale error is very big end to end.
Powders into has coaxial and the paraxonic dual mode.During coaxial powder-feeding, electronic beam current 9 acts on workpiece 10 surfaces through coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 7, forms molten bath 14.Metal dust 12 mixes in the mixing chamber of multichannel powder feeding pipes entering coaxial powder-feeding nozzle 7, and through the ejection of the annulus between the concentric layer wall; And during the paraxonic powder feeding, powder is through 15 ejections of paraxonic powder feeding pipeline, and the metal dust of seeing off 12 focuses on molten bath 14 near, and part forms drop 13 backs and gets into the molten bath, and another part gets into the molten bath and just melts afterwards, and what also have has neither part nor lot in fusing.
Along with the relative motion of electronic beam current 9 with workbench 4, the position, molten bath is along with moving, and liquid metal solidifies rapidly, and forms fine and close metallurgical binding.After the accumulation of accomplishing an aspect, workbench 4 decline one layer heights (deciding the rifle formula) or electron gun 6 rise layer heights (moving rifle formula), carry out the accumulation of next aspect again, pile up so layer by layer, finish up to part processing.
Technical scheme of the present invention has compared with prior art kept characteristics at a high speed, has relaxed process margin thereby greatly reduce technology difficulty, and can process high gradient and multistage functionally gradient material (FGM); Compare with the constituency fusing, forming speed improves greatly, and forming dimension can be very big, and forming accuracy is between fuse deposition and constituency fusing.Have that high fast thawing is long-pending, the characteristics of large scale, high-precision processing, simultaneously simpler than technology with existing fuse sedimentary facies.
Claims (1)
1. electron beam synchronous powder feeding system quick forming method is characterized in that: this method is at first carried out hierarchy slicing (18) to the cad model (16) of intending processing parts and is handled, and generates machining path (19); And change into numerical control program, import in the electron beam former metal dust (12) that electronic beam current (9) fusing is sent to synchronously; Machining path (19) according to planning is in advance piled up, and accomplishes an aspect processing, afterwards; Workbench (4) moves the height of one deck; Carry out the processing of next aspect, pile up so layer by layer, up to the processing of accomplishing whole part;
The granularity of above-mentioned metal dust (12) should be less than 300 μ m.
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| CN103521769A (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2014-01-22 | 西安交通大学 | Material increase manufacturing method based on high-speed spray forming of multi-material particles |
| CN103949640A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-30 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for preparing NbSi-base ultrahigh-temperature alloy through EBM (Electron Beam Melting) |
| CN103949646A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-30 | 北京航空航天大学 | Preparation method for Nb-Si base ultra-temperature alloy turbine vane |
| CN105193527A (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2015-12-30 | 刘宏伟 | Method for performing EBM metal 3D printing on personalized human body thighbone prosthesis sleeve |
| CN105710370A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-06-29 | 西安铂力特激光成形技术有限公司 | Scanning method for layer-by-layer manufacture of three-dimensional object |
| CN106001577A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-10-12 | 西安智熔金属打印系统有限公司 | Wire feeding mechanism, wire feeding device and additive manufacturing equipment based on additive manufacturing technology |
| CN106563804A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-04-19 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Laser-targeting multi-metal fused deposition additive manufacturing process and device |
| CN108380872A (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-08-10 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | A kind of manufacturing process improving electron beam fuse formation of parts precision |
| CN108655402A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-10-16 | 南京尚吉增材制造研究院有限公司 | The device and method for successively rolling laser stereoforming part |
| CN109202072A (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2019-01-15 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | A kind of electron gun arrangements of coaxial powder-feeding |
| EP3366473A4 (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2019-08-21 | Maher Holding S.A. | Material deposition machine for the production of parts |
| CN111687415A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2020-09-22 | 株式会社尼康 | Molding apparatus and molding method |
| CN114515838A (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2022-05-20 | 伊利诺斯工具制品有限公司 | Additive manufacturing system and method for surface covering using multiple anchoring materials and temperature control devices prior to bonding |
| CN114749784A (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-07-15 | 浙江智熔增材制造技术有限公司 | Method for improving surface quality of electron beam fuse forming part |
| US11911844B2 (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2024-02-27 | Nikon Corporation | Shaping apparatus and shaping method |
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| US12083633B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 | 2024-09-10 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Additive manufacturing heating control systems and methods |
| CN103521769A (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2014-01-22 | 西安交通大学 | Material increase manufacturing method based on high-speed spray forming of multi-material particles |
| CN103521769B (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2015-10-28 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of increasing material manufacture method be shaped based on many material particles high velocity jet |
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| CN103949640A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-30 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for preparing NbSi-base ultrahigh-temperature alloy through EBM (Electron Beam Melting) |
| US11911844B2 (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2024-02-27 | Nikon Corporation | Shaping apparatus and shaping method |
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| CN106563804A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-04-19 | 机械科学研究总院先进制造技术研究中心 | Laser-targeting multi-metal fused deposition additive manufacturing process and device |
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Application publication date: 20121107 |