CN102758653A - Multilevel centripetal turbine system - Google Patents
Multilevel centripetal turbine system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102758653A CN102758653A CN2011101082217A CN201110108221A CN102758653A CN 102758653 A CN102758653 A CN 102758653A CN 2011101082217 A CN2011101082217 A CN 2011101082217A CN 201110108221 A CN201110108221 A CN 201110108221A CN 102758653 A CN102758653 A CN 102758653A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multilevel centripetal turbine system and relates to the turbine technology. The system comprises a turbine expansion system, a reheating system and a driving system, the number of centripetal turbines of the system is even, the number of levels ranges from 2 to 8 and is determined by the expansion ratio, and each level of centripetal turbine comprises one or multiple centripetal turbines. Each two of the centripetal turbines are matched through rotating speed, has the same rotating speed and are arranged in a coaxial back-to-back form to offset axial force of a rotor. The inlet temperature of the multilevel centripetal turbine ranges from 220K to 973K, and the inlet pressure ranges from 3bar to 340bar. Heat sources of the reheating system are low-and-medium temperature (heat value) heat sources and especially are industrial residual heat and waste heat. Shaft work generated by each level of the centripetal turbines, after passing through a gearbox, is output by a main shaft to a motor or to beused as power sources for industrial production. The multilevel centripetal turbine system has the advantages of high efficiency and expansion ratio, simple and compact structure, high operating reliability, recoverability of low-and-medium temperature (heat value) waste heat and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the turbine technology field, is a kind of band multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system of heat again.
Background technique
That radial-inward-flow turbine has is simple and compact for structure, manufacturing process is simple, cheap, easy for installation, efficient is high (present single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine isentropic efficiency can reach more than 90%), single-stage expansion is than high characteristics such as (the single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine can replace two-stage even more axial-flow turbine).Be widely used in the expansion turbine of middle-size and small-size gas turbine, turbosupercharger, refrigeration plant and liquefaction plant etc.
At present, from disclosed data, radial-inward-flow turbine is single-stage mostly, and maximum single-stage expansion ratio is 15.Because the particularity of radial-inward-flow turbine structure, the difficulty that multistage radial-inward-flow turbine is realized is very big, also seldom sees multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system from disclosed data.Along with inlet pressure require increasingly highly, the expansion ratio of system requirements constantly increases, the single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine has satisfied not existing demand.Particularly gas is under high-pressure situations; The working medium volume flowrate is less; The efficient of other forms of turbo-expander is not high; And radial-inward-flow turbine still can keep very high efficient under volume flowrate is very little, but the expansion ratio of single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine is limited, so press for the multistage radial-inward-flow turbine of a kind of high-efficiency reliable system.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to disclose a kind of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, is the novel band multistage radial-inward-flow turbine of heat again, be that a kind of efficient is high, operational reliability is high, operating cost is low, expansion ratio is high, can utilize in the multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system of low temperature (calorific value).
For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system comprises radial-inward-flow turbine group, heat exchanger, generator, speed-changing gear box, valve, many rotatingshafts and many pipelines; Wherein:
The radial-inward-flow turbine group comprises multistage radial-inward-flow turbine; The progression of radial-inward-flow turbine is 2～8 grades; What of progression are by the size decision of the expansion ratio of the required completion of energy conversion system, and not having level is 1 radial-inward-flow turbine or a plurality of radial-inward-flow turbine, does not have two radial-inward-flow turbine corotation moving axis affixed back-to-back; Radial-inward-flow turbines at different levels interlink through heat exchanger, many pipelines;
Many rotatingshafts are connected with speed-changing gear box respectively, and speed-changing gear box connects with main shaft, and through main shaft output shaft work, drive generator or other loads;
The thermal source of heat exchanger is for coming from environment or middle low temperature (calorific value) waste heat or solar thermal collector.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system; Its said two radial-inward-flow turbine corotation moving axis are affixed back-to-back, are that first order radial-inward-flow turbine and second level radial-inward-flow turbine are affixed with back-to-back mode through rotatingshaft, and third level radial-inward-flow turbine and fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine are affixed back-to-back through another rotatingshaft; By that analogy to afterbody; When progression was odd number, afterbody was made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines, adopted coaxial back-to-back arranged in form;
Many rotatingshafts are connected with speed-changing gear box respectively;
First order radial-inward-flow turbine by the road, heat exchanger and second level radial-inward-flow turbine interlink; Second level radial-inward-flow turbine by the road, heat exchanger and third level radial-inward-flow turbine interlink; Third level radial-inward-flow turbine by the road, heat exchanger and fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine interlink, and by that analogy to afterbody (N), atmosphere is led in the outlet of afterbody (N) radial-inward-flow turbine, or connects other equipment;
Its flow process is:
Pressurized gas are heated to uniform temperature before getting into multistage radial-inward-flow turbine after; Through valve, pipeline input first order radial-inward-flow turbine; Acting back entering heat exchanger expands in first order radial-inward-flow turbine; Improve the radial-inward-flow turbine expansion acting of the temperature continued entering second level, expand through another heat exchanger continued entering third level radial-inward-flow turbine again and do work, in this way; End after to the last one-level turbine (N) expands, the shaft work that the expansion of radial-inward-flow turbine group produces is through exporting drive generator or other loads by main shaft after the speed-changing gear box speed change.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, the rotor of its said radial-inward-flow turbine is open type, semi-open type or enclosed.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, its said pressurized gas are air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, rock gas, freon or water vapour.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system; The radial-inward-flow turbine number of its said radial-inward-flow turbine system is an even number; Per two radial-inward-flow turbines have identical rotational speed through speeds match; Adopt coaxial back-to-back arranged in form, to offset the axial force of turbo wheel, the shaft work of generation is exported by the same axis.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, its said pressurized gas were heated before getting into multistage radial-inward-flow turbine, and the temperature of first order radial-inward-flow turbine import is between 220K～973K, and inlet pressure is between 3bar～340bar; The expansion ratio of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine is between 3～340, and the exhaust pressure of afterbody (N) radial-inward-flow turbine is near normal pressure, or uses as the high-pressure air source of other equipment.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, the expansion ratio of its said radial-inward-flow turbines at different levels determines jointly that by the total expansion ratio of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine and the axial force of rotor the pressure ratio of back-to-back two radial-inward-flow turbines distributes will satisfy roughly balance of axial force.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, its said heat exchanger is bushing type, shell of pipe type, jacketed type, heat accumulating type, hybrid or immerse coil pipe type, the thermal source of heat exchanger, temperature is between 220K～973K.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, its said thermal source is industrial waste heat, waste heat, atmosphere environment or heat-stored device for coming from environment or middle low temperature (calorific value) waste heat.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system is when its said afterbody (N) radial-inward-flow turbine exit flow uses as low-temperature receiver, through the temperature of the inlet temperature of regulating the final stage turbine and the control outlet recently of expanding.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, the size of the shaft work of its said main shaft output through pressurized gas inlet flow rate and temperature, or is controlled through the temperature and the flow of a plurality of heat exchangers.
Described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system, it also comprises a three-channel valve, constitutes three grades of radial-inward-flow turbine systems, comprises the radial-inward-flow turbine group, heat exchanger, speed-changing gear box, generator, regulating valve, many rotatingshafts, many pipelines;
Second level radial-inward-flow turbine by the road, heat exchanger and three-channel valve inlet interlink, and three-channel valve two outlets interlink with two radial-inward-flow turbines respectively, and the third level is made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines, and the outlet B of two radial-inward-flow turbines, C lead to atmosphere respectively;
During operation, first order radial-inward-flow turbine and second level radial-inward-flow turbine with before identical, difference is: the third level is made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines; The high-pressure air of second level radial-inward-flow turbine outlet is after the heat exchanger heating; Be divided into impartial two-part by the triple channel valve, a part enters atmosphere after getting into the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine, and another part enters atmosphere after getting into the acting of expanding in another radial-inward-flow turbine; In this way, make the axial force of two radial-inward-flow turbine rotors of the third level offset; The size of main shaft output shaft work is controlled through the flow of valve regulated high-pressure air, or is controlled through the heat exchange quantity of regulating two heat exchangers.
When the progression of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system was 5 or 7, its afterbody adopted the identical setting type with three grades of radial-inward-flow turbine system afterbodies, was made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines, and air-flow interlinks through triple channel valve and two radial-inward-flow turbines compositions.
The invention has the advantages that: efficient is high, simple and compact for structure, operational reliability is high, system's expansion ratio is high, is applicable to all kinds of pressurized gas expansion actings, has wide use prospect.Environmentally friendly, can utilize in the thermal source of low temperature (calorific value), particularly, improved resource utilization for the recovery of used heat.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system embodiment 1 structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system embodiment 2 structural representations of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a Pyatyi radial-inward-flow turbine system of the embodiment of the invention 3;
Fig. 4 is seven grades of radial-inward-flow turbine systems of the embodiment of the invention 4.
Label among the figure:
2,6,10,14,31,32,41,42,43,44,45,46-radial-inward-flow turbine;
4,8,12,34,49,52,63-heat exchanger;
15,16,17,40,58-axle;
The 18-gear-box;
The 19-generator;
The 26-modulating valve;
The 27-three-way valve;
1,3,5,7,9,11,13,20,21,22,23,24,25,28,29,30,33,35,36,37,38,39,47,48,50,51,53,54,55,56,57,59,60,61,62,64-pipeline.
Embodiment
Multistage radial-inward-flow turbine of the present invention system adopts the high-pressure air source acting of expanding step by step, satisfies customer requirements up to outlet pressure; Low temperature in the utilization (calorific value) thermal source carries out the inter-stage heating, and this process can be utilized used heat, waste heat, has improved resource utilization; Per two radial-inward-flow turbines adopt coaxial back-to-back arranged in form, to offset the axial force of radial-inward-flow turbine; Back-to-back two radial-inward-flow turbines have identical rotating speed, and the shaft work that impeller produces is exported by the same axis; The shaft work of generations at different levels is exported to generator or other loads by main shaft after through the gear-box speed change.Because the characteristic of radial-inward-flow turbine, there is following potential advantage in the multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system that the present invention proposes:
Efficient is high: the isentropic efficiency of single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine reaches more than 90% at present, and this system can also be to the recycling of low-calorie thermal source in used heat and the waste heat etc., preresearch estimates, and the efficient of this multistage radial-inward-flow turbine can reach more than 80%.
Simple and compact for structure: radial-inward-flow turbine of the present invention adopts coaxial back-to-back form, so not only makes the axial force counteracting of two turbine rotors, also makes simple and compact for structurely, has saved space and manufacture cost.
Operational reliability is high: since should be multistage the radial-inward-flow turbine system on the technical foundation that has the single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine now, develop, and shaft work is through the gear-box transmission, so the reliability of this multistage radial-inward-flow turbine is very high.
Expansion ratio is high: if every grade of expansion ratio is 2, then the expansion ratio of 8 grades of radial-inward-flow turbines is that the expansion ratio of radial-inward-flow turbine of 216. present single-stages is between 1～10, so this multistage radial-inward-flow turbine can be easy to accomplish tens expansion ratios up to a hundred.
Be applicable to all kinds of pressurized gas expansion actings: under the condition of high pressure, the density of air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, freon, rock gas or water vapour is big, volume is little, and therefore multistage radial-inward-flow turbine goes for all kinds of pressurized gas expansion actings.
The thermal source of low temperature in the utilization (calorific value): the inlet temperature of this multistage radial-inward-flow turbine is low; Expand the outlet temperature reduction of acting back much through radial-inward-flow turbine; So low-calorie thermal source is with gas reheating in can using, the particularly used heat of industrial trade and waste heat are like cement industry, iron and steel metallurgical industry, chemical industry etc.; Improve rate of energy, reduce environmental pollution.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, be the structural representation of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system embodiment 1 of the present invention.This is a level Four radial-inward-flow turbine system, comprises radial-inward- flow turbine 2,6,10,14, heat exchanger 4,8,12; Speed-changing gear box 18, generator 19, regulating valve 26; Axle 15,16,17, pipeline 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,20,21,22,23,24,25 and working medium air.
First order radial-inward-flow turbine 2 is affixed back-to-back through axle 17 with second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6, and third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10 is affixed back-to-back through axle 15 with fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14. Axle 15,17 connects with main shaft 16 through speed-changing gear box 18, and main shaft 16 is affixed with generator 19 rotating shafts.First order radial-inward-flow turbine 2 by the road 3, heat exchanger 4, pipeline 5 interlink with second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6; Second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 by the road 7, heat exchanger 8, pipeline 9 interlink with third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10; Third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10 by the road 11, heat exchanger 12, pipeline 13 interlink with fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14.Be provided with valve 26 before the first order radial-inward-flow turbine 2. Heat exchanger 4,8,12 is connected with extraneous thermal source through pipeline 20,22,24.
During operation; After valve 26 gets into the acting of expanding in the first order radial-inward-flow turbine 2, the temperature of turbine outlet reduces high-pressure air by extraneous thermal source heating, gets into the temperature that makes air in the heat exchanger 4 then and raises; Import the acting of expanding in the second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6; The gas of second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 outlets imports in the heat exchanger 8 again and heats, and the air after the heating expands in getting into third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10 and does work, and the gas that expands after doing work through the third level imports heating in the heat exchanger 12; Import the acting of expanding in the fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 at last, enter in the atmosphere then.Shaft work on the axle 17,15 passes to main shaft 16 through speed-changing gear box 18 and drives generator 19 rotations.The size of output shaft work can be controlled through the flow that valve 26 is regulated high-pressure air, also can be through regulating the heat exchange quantity of heat exchanger 4,8,12.
Fig. 2 is three grades of radial-inward-flow turbine systems of the embodiment of the invention 2, and its agent structure is identical with embodiment 1, has just increased a three-channel valve 27.This system comprises radial-inward- flow turbine 2,6,31,32, heat exchanger 4,8, speed-changing gear box 18, generator 19, regulating valve 26, triple channel valve 27, axle 15,16,17, pipeline 1,3,5,7,20,21,22,23,28,29,30 and working medium air.
Second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 by the road 7, heat exchanger 8, pipeline 9 interlink with three-channel valve 27 inlets; Three-channel valve 27 2 outlets interlink with radial-inward-flow turbine 31, radial-inward-flow turbine 32 respectively; The third level is made up of two radial-inward- flow turbines 31,32, the logical respectively atmosphere of the outlet B of radial-inward-flow turbine 31, radial-inward-flow turbine 32, C.
During operation; First order radial-inward-flow turbine is identical with embodiment 1 with second level radial-inward-flow turbine; Difference is: the third level is made up of two radial-inward- flow turbines 31,32, and the high-pressure air of second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 outlets is divided into impartial two-part by triple channel valve 27 after heat exchanger 8 heating; A part enters atmosphere after getting into the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine 31; Another part enters atmosphere after getting into the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine 32, in this way, makes the axial force of two radial-inward-flow turbines, 31,32 rotors of the third level offset.Shaft work on the axle 17,15 passes to main shaft 16 through speed-changing gear box 18 and drives generator 19 rotations.The size of output shaft work can be controlled through the flow that valve 26 is regulated high-pressure air, also can be through regulating the heat exchange quantity of heat exchanger 4,8.
Fig. 3 is a Pyatyi radial-inward-flow turbine system of the embodiment of the invention 3; The structural type of its preceding level Four is identical with embodiment 1, has just increased a heat exchanger 34, three-channel valve 27 and radial-inward- flow turbine 41,42. these systems and has comprised radial-inward- flow turbine 2,6,10,14,31,32, heat exchanger 4,8,34; Speed-changing gear box 18; Generator 19, regulating valve 26, triple channel valve 27; Axle 15,16,17,40, pipeline 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,20,21,22,23,24,25,33,35,36,37,38,39 and working medium air.
Fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 by the road 33, heat exchanger 34, pipeline 35 interlink with three-channel valve 27 inlets; Three-channel valve 27 2 outlets interlink with radial-inward-flow turbine 31, radial-inward-flow turbine 32 respectively; Level V is made up of two radial-inward- flow turbines 41,42, the logical respectively atmosphere of the outlet B of radial-inward-flow turbine 41, radial-inward-flow turbine 42, C.
During operation; First order radial-inward-flow turbine is identical with embodiment 1 to fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine; Difference is: level V is made up of two radial-inward- flow turbines 41,42, and the high-pressure air of fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 outlets is divided into impartial two-part by triple channel valve 27 after heat exchanger 34 heating; A part enters atmosphere after getting into the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine 41; Another part enters atmosphere after getting into the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine 42, in this way, makes the axial force of two radial-inward-flow turbines, 41,42 rotors of level V offset.Shaft work on the axle 17,15,40 passes to main shaft 16 through speed-changing gear box 18 and drives generator 19 rotations.The size of output shaft work can be controlled through the flow that valve 26 is regulated high-pressure air, also can be through regulating the heat exchange quantity of heat exchanger 4,8,12,34
Fig. 4 is seven grades of radial-inward-flow turbine systems of the embodiment of the invention 4; Comprise radial-inward- flow turbine 2,6,10,14,43,44,45,46, heat exchanger 4,8,12,49,52,63, speed-changing gear box 18; Generator 19; Regulating valve 26, triple channel valve 27, axle 15,16,17,40,58, pipeline 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,20,21,22,23,24,25,47,48,59,60,50,51,53,54,55,56,57,61,62,64 and working medium air.
First order radial-inward-flow turbine 2 is affixed back-to-back through axle 17 with second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6; Third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10 is affixed back-to-back through axle 15 with fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14; Level V radial-inward-flow turbine 44 and the 6th grade of radial-inward-flow turbine 43 are affixed back-to-back through axle 40; Form by two radial-inward-flow turbines 45,46 for the 7th grade, affixed back-to-back through axle 58.Axle 15,17,40,58 connects with main shaft 16 through speed-changing gear box 18, and main shaft 16 is affixed with generator 19 rotating shafts.First order radial-inward-flow turbine 2 by the road 3, heat exchanger 4, pipeline 5 interlink with second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6; Second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 by the road 7, heat exchanger 8, pipeline 9 interlink with third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10; Third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10 by the road 11, heat exchanger 12, pipeline 13 interlink with fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14; Fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 by the road 64, heat exchanger 63, pipeline 47 and level V radial-inward-flow turbine 44 communications and liaison mutually; Level V radial-inward-flow turbine 44 by the road 48, heat exchanger 49, pipeline 50 and level V radial-inward-flow turbine 43 communications and liaison mutually; The 6th grade of radial-inward-flow turbine 43 by the road 51, heat exchanger 52, pipeline 53 interlink with three-channel valve 27 inlets; Three-channel valve 27 2 outlets interlink with radial-inward-flow turbine 45, radial-inward-flow turbine 46 respectively; Form the logical respectively atmosphere of the outlet B of radial-inward-flow turbine 45, radial-inward-flow turbine 46, C for the 7th grade by two radial-inward-flow turbines 45,46.Be provided with valve 26 before the first order radial-inward-flow turbine 2.Heat exchanger 4,8,12,49,52,63 is connected with extraneous thermal source through pipeline 20,22,24,59,56,61.
During operation, after valve 26 gets into the acting of expanding in the first order radial-inward-flow turbine 2, the temperature of turbine outlet reduces high-pressure air by extraneous thermal source heating; Getting into the temperature that makes air in the heat exchanger 4 then raises; Import the acting of expanding in the second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6, the gas that second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 exports imports heating in the heat exchanger 8, and the air after the heating expands in getting into third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10 and does work; The gas that expands after doing work through the third level imports heating in the heat exchanger 12; Import the acting of expanding in the fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14, the gas that fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 exports imports heating in the heat exchanger 63, and the air after the heating expands in getting into level V radial-inward-flow turbine 44 and does work; The gas of level V radial-inward-flow turbine 44 outlets imports heating in the heat exchanger 49; Air after the heating expands in getting into the 6th grade of radial-inward-flow turbine 43 and does work, and the high-pressure air of the 6th grade of radial-inward-flow turbine 43 outlets is divided into impartial two-part by triple channel valve 27 after heat exchanger 52 heating; A part enters atmosphere after getting into the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine 45; Another part enters atmosphere after getting into the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine 46, in this way, makes the 7th grade the axial force of two radial-inward-flow turbines, 45,46 rotors offset.Enter in the atmosphere then.Shaft work on the axle 17,15,40,58 passes to main shaft 16 through speed-changing gear box 18 and drives generator 19 rotations.The size of output shaft work can be controlled through the flow that valve 26 is regulated high-pressure air, also can be through regulating the heat exchange quantity of heat exchanger 4,8,12,49,52,63.
Claims (12)
1. a multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system comprises radial-inward-flow turbine group, heat exchanger, generator, speed-changing gear box, valve, many axles and many pipelines; It is characterized in that:
The radial-inward-flow turbine group comprises multistage radial-inward-flow turbine; The progression of radial-inward-flow turbine is 2～8 grades, and what of progression are by the size decision of the expansion ratio of the required completion of energy conversion system, and every grade is 1 radial-inward-flow turbine; Or a plurality of radial-inward-flow turbines, per two radial-inward-flow turbine corotation moving axis are affixed back-to-back; Radial-inward-flow turbines at different levels interlink through heat exchanger, many pipelines;
Many rotatingshafts are connected with speed-changing gear box (18) respectively, and the same main shaft of speed-changing gear box (18) (16) connects, and through main shaft (16) output shaft work, drive generator (19) or other loads;
The thermal source of heat exchanger is for coming from environment or middle-low temperature heat or solar thermal collector.
2. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 1 system; It is characterized in that: said two radial-inward-flow turbine corotation moving axis are affixed back-to-back; Be that first order radial-inward-flow turbine (2) and second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6) are affixed with back-to-back mode through rotatingshaft (17); Third level radial-inward-flow turbine (10) and fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine (14) are affixed back-to-back through rotatingshaft (15), by that analogy to afterbody, when progression is odd number; Afterbody is made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines, adopts coaxial back-to-back arranged in form;
Many rotatingshafts (15,17......) are connected with speed-changing gear box (18) respectively;
First order radial-inward-flow turbine (2) (3), heat exchanger (4), pipeline (5) by the road interlinks with second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6); Second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6) (7), heat exchanger (8), pipeline (9) by the road interlinks with third level radial-inward-flow turbine (10); Third level radial-inward-flow turbine (10) (11), heat exchanger (12), pipeline (13) by the road interlinks with fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine (14), and by that analogy to afterbody (N), atmosphere is led in the outlet of afterbody (N) radial-inward-flow turbine, or connects other equipment;
Its flow process is:
Pressurized gas are heated to uniform temperature before getting into multistage radial-inward-flow turbine after; Through valve (26), pipeline (1) input first order radial-inward-flow turbine (2); Acting back entering heat exchanger (4) expands in first order radial-inward-flow turbine (2); Improve temperature continued entering second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6) expansion acting, expand through heat exchanger (8) continued entering third level radial-inward-flow turbine (10) again and do work, in this way; End after to the last one-level turbine (N) expands, the shaft work that the expansion of radial-inward-flow turbine group produces is through exporting drive generator (19) or other loads by main shaft (16) after speed-changing gear box (18) speed change.
3. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 1 system, it is characterized in that: the rotor of said radial-inward-flow turbine is open type, semi-open type or enclosed.
4. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 2 system, it is characterized in that: said pressurized gas are air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, rock gas, freon or water vapour.
5. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 1 system; It is characterized in that: the radial-inward-flow turbine number of said multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system is an even number; Per two radial-inward-flow turbines have identical rotational speed through speeds match; Adopt coaxial back-to-back arranged in form, to offset the axial force of turbo wheel, the shaft work of generation is exported by the same axis.
6. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 2 system; It is characterized in that: said pressurized gas were heated before getting into multistage radial-inward-flow turbine; The temperature of first order radial-inward-flow turbine (2) import is between 220K～973K, and inlet pressure is between 3bar～340bar; The expansion ratio of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine is between 3～340, and the exhaust pressure of afterbody (N) radial-inward-flow turbine is near normal pressure, or uses as the high-pressure air source of other equipment.
7. according to claim 2,5 or 6 described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine systems; It is characterized in that: the expansion ratio of said radial-inward-flow turbines at different levels is determined jointly that by the total expansion ratio of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine and the axial force of rotor the pressure ratio of back-to-back two radial-inward-flow turbines distributes will satisfy roughly balance of axial force.
8. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 1 system is characterized in that: said heat exchanger is bushing type, shell of pipe type, jacketed type, heat accumulating type, hybrid or immerse coil pipe type, the thermal source of heat exchanger, and temperature is between 220K～973K.
9. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 1 system, it is characterized in that: said thermal source is industrial waste heat, waste heat, atmosphere environment or heat-stored device for coming from environment or middle-low temperature heat.
10. according to claim 2 or 6 described multistage radial-inward-flow turbine systems, it is characterized in that: when said afterbody (N) radial-inward-flow turbine exit flow uses as low-temperature receiver, through the temperature of the inlet temperature of regulating the final stage turbine and the control outlet recently of expanding.
11. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 1 and 2 system is characterized in that: the size of the shaft work of said main shaft (16) output, through pressurized gas inlet flow rate and temperature, or control through the temperature and the flow of heat exchanger.
12. multistage radial-inward-flow turbine according to claim 1 system is characterized in that: also comprise a three-channel valve (27), constitute three grades of radial-inward-flow turbine systems; Comprise radial-inward-flow turbine group (2,6,31,32), heat exchanger (4,8), speed-changing gear box (18); Generator (19); Regulating valve (26), rotatingshaft (15,16,17), pipeline (1,3,5,7,20,21,22,23,28,29,30);
Second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6) (7), heat exchanger (8), pipeline (29) by the road interlinks with three-channel valve (27) inlet; Three-channel valve (27) two outlets interlink with two radial-inward-flow turbines (31,32) respectively; The third level is made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines (31,32), and the outlet B of radial-inward-flow turbine (31), radial-inward-flow turbine (32), C lead to atmosphere respectively or use as the high-pressure air source of other equipment;
During operation; First order radial-inward-flow turbine and second level radial-inward-flow turbine with before identical; Difference is: the third level is made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines (31,32), and the high-pressure air of second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6) outlet is divided into impartial two-part by triple channel valve (27) after heat exchanger (8) heating; A part enters atmosphere after getting into the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine (31); Another part enters atmosphere after getting into the acting of expanding in the radial-inward-flow turbine (32), in this way, makes the axial force of two radial-inward-flow turbines (31,32) rotor of the third level offset; The size of output shaft work is regulated the flow of high-pressure air and is controlled, or controls through the heat exchange quantity of regulating heat exchanger (4,8) through valve (26).
When the progression of multistage radial-inward-flow turbine system was 5 or 7, its afterbody adopted the identical setting type with three grades of radial-inward-flow turbine system afterbodies, was made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines, and air-flow interlinks through triple channel valve and two radial-inward-flow turbines compositions.
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