CN103256077B - A kind of multi-level centripetal turbine system - Google Patents
A kind of multi-level centripetal turbine system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103256077B CN103256077B CN201210040835.0A CN201210040835A CN103256077B CN 103256077 B CN103256077 B CN 103256077B CN 201210040835 A CN201210040835 A CN 201210040835A CN 103256077 B CN103256077 B CN 103256077B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of back-to-back multi-level centripetal turbine system, relate to turbine technology, comprise turbo-expander system, heating system and gear train assembly.The radial-inward-flow turbine number that this multi-level centripetal turbine system has is even number, and progression is between 2 ~ 8, and the number of progression is determined by the size of expansion ratio, and every grade is made up of a radial-inward-flow turbine or multiple radial-inward-flow turbine.Every two radial-inward-flow turbines adopt back-to-back arranged in form on a shaft, have identical rotating speed, and the end thrust of energy balancing rotor.The inlet temperature of this multi-level centripetal turbine is between 220K ~ 973K, and inlet pressure is between 3bar ~ 340bar.The shaft work that two coaxial radial-inward-flow turbines produce exports to generator or as industrial power source.Multi-level centripetal turbine system of the present invention, has the advantages such as expansion ratio is high, simple and compact for structure, efficiency is high, operational reliability is high, recyclable middle low temperature (calorific value) used heat.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to turbine expansion technical field, is a kind of back-to-back multi-level centripetal turbine system with inter-stage heating.
Background technique
Radial-inward-flow turbine is widely used in the fields such as the expansion turbine of middle-size and small-size gas turbine, turbosupercharger, refrigeration plant and liquefaction plant, have simple and compact for structure, manufacturing process is simple, the advantage such as cheap, easy for installation.The efficiency of single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine is very high, particularly can also keep very high efficiency when small flow, and current single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine isentropic efficiency can reach more than 90%.Meanwhile, radial-inward-flow turbine single-stage expansion is than high, and the twice that the expansion ratio that single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine completes can reach axial-flow turbine is even more.
Due to the particularity of radial-inward-flow turbine structure, the difficulty that multi-level centripetal turbine realizes is very large, and from disclosed data, the overwhelming majority is single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine system, seldom has multi-level centripetal turbine system.Along with the inlet pressure of turbine expansion system is more and more higher, the expansion ratio of system requirements constantly increases, and single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine can not meet existing demand.And gas is under high-pressure situations, volume flowrate is less, the efficiency of other forms of turbo-expander is not high, and radial-inward-flow turbine still can keep very high efficiency when volume flowrate is very little, therefore in the urgent need to a kind of multi-level centripetal turbine system of high efficient and reliable.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the back-to-back multi-level centripetal turbine system of open one, with inter-stage heater, be that a kind of efficiency is high, operational reliability is high, operating cost is low, expansion ratio is high, can utilize in the multi-level centripetal turbine system of low temperature (calorific value).
For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of back-to-back multi-level centripetal turbine system, comprises radial-inward-flow turbine group, heat exchanger, generator, speed-changing gear box, valve, many axles and many pipelines; Its radial-inward-flow turbine group comprises multi-level centripetal turbine, and progression is 2 ~ 8 grades, and how many sizes of expansion ratio of completing needed for energy conversion system of progression determine;
Be at least two-stage radial-inward-flow turbine, every grade comprises at least one radial-inward-flow turbine, and two radial-inward-flow turbine corotation moving axis are affixed back-to-back; Radial-inward-flow turbine at different levels interlinks through many pipelines, at least one heat exchanger;
Modulating valve, three-way valve is provided with in pipeline;
Multistage rotatingshaft is connected with speed-changing gear box respectively, and the main output shaft of speed-changing gear box is connected with the live axle of generator or other loads, exports shaft work by main output shaft, drive electrical generators or other loads;
The thermal source of heat exchanger is for coming from environment or middle-low temperature heat or solar thermal collector.
Described multi-level centripetal turbine system, described in it, two radial-inward-flow turbine corotation moving axis are affixed back-to-back, it is the series connection of adjacent two-stage radial-inward-flow turbine, totally one rotatingshaft, affixed in back-to-back mode, namely totally one rotatingshaft is affixed back-to-back for first order radial-inward-flow turbine, second level radial-inward-flow turbine, third level radial-inward-flow turbine, fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine totally one rotatingshaft are affixed back-to-back, by that analogy to afterbody, when progression is odd number, afterbody is made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines, adopts arranged in form coaxial back-to-back;
The position of gear parameter case is positioned at the homonymy of two coaxial radial-inward-flow turbines;
First order radial-inward-flow turbine by the road, heat exchanger, pipeline and second level radial-inward-flow turbine interlink; Second level radial-inward-flow turbine by the road, heat exchanger, pipeline and third level radial-inward-flow turbine interlink; Third level radial-inward-flow turbine by the road, heat exchanger, pipeline and fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine interlink, and by that analogy to afterbody (N), air is led in the outlet of afterbody (N) radial-inward-flow turbine, or connects other equipment;
Its flow process is:
After pressurized gas are heated to uniform temperature before entering multi-level centripetal turbine, through valve, pipeline input first order radial-inward-flow turbine, heat exchanger is entered after expansion work in first order radial-inward-flow turbine, continue to enter second level radial-inward-flow turbine expansion work after improving temperature, continue again to enter third level radial-inward-flow turbine expansion work after heat exchanger, in this way, to the last one-level turbine (N) terminates after expanding, the shaft work that radial-inward-flow turbine group inflation process produces exports to speed-changing gear box by axle, exports drive electrical generators or other loads after speed change by main output shaft.
Described multi-level centripetal turbine system, the rotor of radial-inward-flow turbine described in it is open type, semi-open type or enclosed.
Described multi-level centripetal turbine system, pressurized gas described in it, for air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, rock gas, freon or water vapour one of them.
Described multi-level centripetal turbine system, the radial-inward-flow turbine number of multi-level centripetal turbine system described in it is even number, adopts arranged in form coaxial back-to-back, and to offset the axial force of turbo wheel, the shaft work of generation is exported by same output shaft.
Described multi-level centripetal turbine system, described in it, pressurized gas were heated to uniform temperature before entering multi-level centripetal turbine, be the temperature of first order radial-inward-flow turbine import between 220K ~ 973K, inlet pressure is between 3bar ~ 340bar; The expansion ratio of multi-level centripetal turbine is between 3 ~ 340, and the exhaust pressure of afterbody (N) radial-inward-flow turbine close to normal pressure, or uses as the high-pressure air source of other equipment.
Described multi-level centripetal turbine system, the expansion ratio of radial-inward-flow turbine at different levels described in it, the axial force of the expansion ratio total by multi-level centripetal turbine and radial-inward-flow turbine rotor at different levels determines jointly, and the pressure ratio distribution of back-to-back two radial-inward-flow turbines will meet axial force and roughly balance.
Described multi-level centripetal turbine system, heat exchanger described in it, be bushing type, shell of pipe type, jacketed type, heat accumulating type, hybrid, the combination of immersing coil pipe type one of them or they, the heat source temperature of heat exchanger is between 220K ~ 973K.
Described multi-level centripetal turbine system, thermal source described in it, for coming from environment or middle-low temperature heat, is industrial waste heat, waste heat, atmosphere environment or heat-stored device.
Described multi-level centripetal turbine system, when the exit flow of afterbody described in it (N) radial-inward-flow turbine uses as low-temperature receiver, controls the temperature exported by the inlet temperature and expansion ratio regulating final stage turbine.
Described multi-level centripetal turbine system, the size of shaft work that main output shaft described in it exports, by pressurized gas inlet flow rate and temperature, or is controlled by the temperature of heat exchanger and flow.
Described multi-level centripetal turbine system, three-way valve described in it, in three grades of radial-inward-flow turbine systems, comprises radial-inward-flow turbine group, heat exchanger, speed-changing gear box, generator, modulating valve, rotatingshaft, pipeline;
Second level radial-inward-flow turbine by the road, heat exchanger, pipeline and triple valve inlet interlink, three-way valve two exports and interlinks with two radial-inward-flow turbines respectively, the third level comprises two radial-inward-flow turbines, and outlet B, C of radial-inward-flow turbine, radial-inward-flow turbine lead to air respectively or use as the source of the gas of other equipment;
During operation, after pressurized gas are heated to uniform temperature before entering multi-level centripetal turbine, through valve, pipeline input first order radial-inward-flow turbine, in first order radial-inward-flow turbine, enter heat exchanger after expansion work, continue to enter second level radial-inward-flow turbine expansion work after improving temperature; Difference is:
The third level comprises two radial-inward-flow turbines, the pressurized gas of second level radial-inward-flow turbine outlet are after heat exchanger heating, impartial two-part are divided into by three-way valve, a part enters in radial-inward-flow turbine and enters air after expansion work or enter downstream, another part enters in another radial-inward-flow turbine and enters air after expansion work or enter downstream, in this way, the axial force of two radial-inward-flow turbine rotors of the third level is made to offset; The size of main output shaft merit, is controlled by the flow of valve regulated pressurized gas, or by regulating the heat exchange amount of heat exchanger to control.
Described multi-level centripetal turbine system, when its progression when multi-level centripetal turbine system is 5 or 7, its afterbody adopts two radial-inward-flow turbines, and the pressurized gas of its upstream radial-inward-flow turbine outlet are after heat exchanger heating, and hot air flow is through three-way valve equalization input two radial-inward-flow turbine actings.
The invention has the advantages that: efficiency is high, compact structure, reliability are high, overall expansion ratio is high, be applicable to the acting of all kinds of high pressure gas expansion, there is wide prospect of the application.Environmentally friendly, can utilize in the recovery of thermal source, particularly used heat of low temperature (calorific value), improve resource utilization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is one of the present invention back-to-back multi-level centripetal turbine system embodiment 1 quaternary structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is one of the present invention back-to-back multi-level centripetal turbine system embodiment 2 tertiary structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is one of the present invention back-to-back multi-level centripetal turbine system embodiment 3 Pyatyi structural representation;
Fig. 4 is one of the present invention back-to-back multi-level centripetal turbine system embodiment 4 seven level structure schematic diagram.
Label declaration:
18---speed-changing gear box,
19---generator,
26---modulating valve,
27---three-way valve,
15,16,17,40,58---axle,
4,8,12,34,49,52,63---heat exchanger,
2,6,10,14,31,32,41,42,43,44,45,46---radial-inward-flow turbine,
1,3,5,7,9,11,13,20,21,22,23,24,25,28,29,30,33,35,36,37,38,39,47,48,50,51,53,54,55,56,57,59,60,61,62,64---pipeline
Embodiment
Back-to-back multi-level centripetal turbine system of the present invention, adopts high-pressure air source expansion work step by step, until outlet pressure meets user's requirement; In utilization, low temperature (calorific value) thermal source carries out inter-stage heating, and this process can utilize used heat, waste heat, improves resource utilization; Every two radial-inward-flow turbines adopt pattern coaxial back-to-back to arrange, to offset the axial force of radial-inward-flow turbine; Back-to-back two radial-inward-flow turbines have identical rotating speed, and the shaft work that impeller produces is exported by the same axis; The shaft work input gear case of generation at different levels, exports to generator or other loads by main shaft after speed change.Due to the characteristic of radial-inward-flow turbine, the multi-level centripetal turbine system that the present invention proposes has following potential advantage:
Efficiency is high: the isentropic efficiency of single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine reaches more than 90% at present, and this system can also to the recycling of thermal source low-calorie in used heat and waste heat etc., and therefore the efficiency of this multi-level centripetal turbine can reach more than 85%.
Compact structure: radial-inward-flow turbine of the present invention adopts form coaxial back-to-back, so not only makes the axial force of two turbine rotors offset, also makes compact structure, save space and manufacture cost.
Reliability is high: because this multi-level centripetal turbine system develops in the technical foundation of existing single-stage radial-inward-flow turbine, and shaft work is transmitted by gear-box, therefore the reliability of this multi-level centripetal turbine is very high.
Overall expansion ratio is high: if every grade of expansion ratio is 2, then the expansion ratio of 8 grades of radial-inward-flow turbines is 216.The expansion ratio of the radial-inward-flow turbine of current single-stage is between 1 ~ 10, therefore this multi-level centripetal turbine can be easy to tens expansion ratios up to a hundred.
Be applicable to all kinds of pressurized gas: multi-level centripetal turbine is applicable to all kinds of high pressure gas expansion acting such as air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, freon, rock gas or water vapour.
The thermal source of low temperature (calorific value) in utilization: in can adopting, gas is carried out reheating by low-calorie thermal source, increase system goes out merit, the particularly used heat of industrial trade and waste heat, as cement industry, iron and steel metallurgical industry, chemical industry etc., to improve the utilization ratio of the energy, reduce environmental pollution.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, be the structural representation of back-to-back multi-level centripetal turbine system embodiment 1 of the present invention.This is a level Four radial-inward-flow turbine system, comprises radial-inward-flow turbine 2,6,10,14, heat exchanger 4,8,12, speed-changing gear box 18, generator 19, regulating valve 26, axle 15,16,17, pipeline 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,20,21,22,23,24,25.
It is affixed back-to-back that first order radial-inward-flow turbine 2 and second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 pass through axle 17, and it is affixed back-to-back that third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10 and fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 pass through axle 15.Axle 15,17 is connected with main output shaft 16 by speed-changing gear box 18, and main output shaft 16 is affixed with generator 19 rotating shaft.First order radial-inward-flow turbine 2 by the road 3, heat exchanger 4, pipeline 5 interlink with second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6; Second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 by the road 7, heat exchanger 8, pipeline 9 interlink with third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10; Third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10 by the road 11, heat exchanger 12, pipeline 13 interlink with fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14.Valve 26 is provided with before first order radial-inward-flow turbine 2.Heat exchanger 4,8,12 is connected with external heat source through pipeline 20,22,24.
During operation, expansion work in first order radial-inward-flow turbine 2 is entered through valve 26 after pressurized gas are heated by external heat source, the temperature of turbine outlet reduces, then enter and in heat exchanger 4, make the temperature of gas raise, import expansion work in second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6, the gas that second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 exports imports in heat exchanger 8 again and heats, gas after heating is entering expansion work in third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10, heating in heat exchanger 12 is imported by the gas after third level expansion work, finally import expansion work in fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14, then enter (or entering downstream) in air.Shaft work on axle 17,15 passes to main output shaft 16 drive electrical generators 19 by speed-changing gear box 18 and rotates.The size exporting shaft work can regulate the flow of pressurized gas to control by valve 26, also can by regulating the heat exchange amount of heat exchanger 4,8,12.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 2, and it is three grades of radial-inward-flow turbine systems, and its agent structure is identical with embodiment 1, adds a three-channel valve 27 in figure.This system comprises radial-inward-flow turbine 2,6,31,32, heat exchanger 4,8, speed-changing gear box 18, generator 19, regulating valve 26, triple channel valve 27, axle 15,16,17, pipeline 1,3,5,7,20,21,22,23,28,29,30.
Second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 by the road 7, heat exchanger 8, pipeline 9 interlink with three-channel valve 27 entrance, three-channel valve 27 2 outlet interlinks with radial-inward-flow turbine 31, radial-inward-flow turbine 32 respectively, the third level is made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines 31,32, outlet B, C logical air (or entering downstream) respectively of radial-inward-flow turbine 31, radial-inward-flow turbine 32.
During operation, first order radial-inward-flow turbine is identical with embodiment 1 with second level radial-inward-flow turbine, difference is: the third level is by two radial-inward-flow turbines 31, 32 compositions, the pressurized gas that second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 exports are after heat exchanger 8 heats, impartial two-part are divided into by triple channel valve 27, a part enters in radial-inward-flow turbine 31 and enters air (or entering downstream) after expansion work, another part enters in radial-inward-flow turbine 32 and enters air (or entering downstream) after expansion work, in this way, make two radial-inward-flow turbines 31 of the third level, the axial force of 32 rotors is offset.Shaft work on axle 17,15 passes to main output shaft 16 drive electrical generators 19 by speed-changing gear box 18 and rotates.The size of main output shaft merit can regulate the flow of pressurized gas to control by valve 26, also can by regulating the heat exchange amount of heat exchanger 4,8.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 3, it is a Pyatyi radial-inward-flow turbine system, the structural type of its front level Four is identical with embodiment 1, only increase a heat exchanger 34, three-channel valve 27 and radial-inward-flow turbine 41,42. this system comprise radial-inward-flow turbine 2,6,10,14,31,32, heat exchanger 4,8,34, speed-changing gear box 18, generator 19, regulating valve 26, triple channel valve 27, axle 15,16,17,40, pipeline 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,20,21,22,23,24,25,33,35,36,37,38,39.
Fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 by the road 33, heat exchanger 34, pipeline 35 interlink with three-channel valve 27 entrance, three-channel valve 27 2 outlet interlinks with radial-inward-flow turbine 31, radial-inward-flow turbine 32 respectively, level V is made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines 41,42, outlet B, C logical air (or entering downstream) respectively of radial-inward-flow turbine 41, radial-inward-flow turbine 42.
During operation, first order radial-inward-flow turbine is identical with embodiment 1 to fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine, difference is: level V is by two radial-inward-flow turbines 41, 42 compositions, the pressurized gas that fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 exports are after heat exchanger 34 heats, impartial two-part are divided into by triple channel valve 27, a part enters in radial-inward-flow turbine 41 and enters air (or entering downstream) after expansion work, another part enters in radial-inward-flow turbine 42 and enters air (or entering downstream) after expansion work, in this way, make two radial-inward-flow turbines 41 of level V, the axial force of 42 rotors is offset.Shaft work on axle 17,15,40 passes to main output shaft 16 drive electrical generators 19 by speed-changing gear box 18 and rotates.The size of main output shaft merit can regulate the flow of pressurized gas to control by valve 26, also can by regulating the heat exchange amount of heat exchanger 4,8,12,34
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 4, it is seven grades of radial-inward-flow turbine systems, comprise radial-inward-flow turbine 2,6,10,14,43,44,45,46, heat exchanger 4,8,12,49,52,63, speed-changing gear box 18, generator 19, regulating valve 26, triple channel valve 27, axle 15,16,17,40,58, pipeline 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,20,21,22,23,24,25,47,48,59,60,50,51,53,54,55,56,57,61,62,64.
It is affixed back-to-back that first order radial-inward-flow turbine 2 and second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 pass through axle 17, it is affixed back-to-back that third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10 and fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 pass through axle 15, level V radial-inward-flow turbine 44 and the 6th grade of radial-inward-flow turbine 43 affixed back-to-back by axle 40,7th grade is made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines 45,46, affixed back-to-back by axle 58.Axle 15,17,40,58 is connected with main output shaft 16 by speed-changing gear box 18, and main output shaft 16 is affixed with generator 19 rotating shaft.First order radial-inward-flow turbine 2 by the road 3, heat exchanger 4, pipeline 5 interlink with second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6; Second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 by the road 7, heat exchanger 8, pipeline 9 interlink with third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10; Third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10 by the road 11, heat exchanger 12, pipeline 13 interlink with fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14; Fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 by the road 64, heat exchanger 63, pipeline 47 and level V radial-inward-flow turbine 44 phase communications and liaison; Level V radial-inward-flow turbine 44 by the road 48, heat exchanger 49, pipeline 50 and level V radial-inward-flow turbine 43 phase communications and liaison; 6th grade of radial-inward-flow turbine 43 by the road 51, heat exchanger 52, pipeline 53 interlink with three-channel valve 27 entrance, three-channel valve 27 2 outlet interlinks with radial-inward-flow turbine 45, radial-inward-flow turbine 46 respectively, 7th grade is made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines 45,46, outlet B, C logical air (or entering downstream) respectively of radial-inward-flow turbine 45, radial-inward-flow turbine 46.Valve 26 is provided with before first order radial-inward-flow turbine 2.Heat exchanger 4,8,12,49,52,63 is connected with external heat source through pipeline 20,22,24,59,56,61.
During operation, expansion work in first order radial-inward-flow turbine 2 is entered through valve 26 after pressurized gas are heated by external heat source, the temperature of turbine outlet reduces, then enter and in heat exchanger 4, make the temperature of gas raise, import expansion work in second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6, the gas that second level radial-inward-flow turbine 6 exports imports heating in heat exchanger 8, gas after heating is entering expansion work in third level radial-inward-flow turbine 10, heating in heat exchanger 12 is imported by the gas after third level expansion work, import expansion work in fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14, the gas that fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine 14 exports imports heating in heat exchanger 63, gas after heating is entering expansion work in level V radial-inward-flow turbine 44, the gas that level V radial-inward-flow turbine 44 exports imports heating in heat exchanger 49, gas after heating is entering expansion work in the 6th grade of radial-inward-flow turbine 43, the pressurized gas of the 6th grade of radial-inward-flow turbine 43 outlet are after heat exchanger 52 heats, impartial two-part are divided into by triple channel valve 27, a part enters in radial-inward-flow turbine 45 and enters air (or entering downstream) after expansion work, another part enters in radial-inward-flow turbine 46 and enters air (or entering downstream) after expansion work, in this way, make two radial-inward-flow turbines 45 of the 7th grade, the axial force of 46 rotors is offset.Shaft work on axle 17,15,40,58 passes to main output shaft 16 drive electrical generators 19 by speed-changing gear box 18 and rotates.The size of main output shaft merit can regulate the flow of pressurized gas to control by valve 26, also can by regulating the heat exchange amount of heat exchanger 4,8,12,49,52,63.
Claims (11)
1. a multi-level centripetal turbine system, comprises radial-inward-flow turbine group, heat exchanger, generator, speed-changing gear box, valve, many axles and many pipelines; It is characterized in that:
Radial-inward-flow turbine group comprises multi-level centripetal turbine, and progression is 2 ~ 8 grades, and how many sizes of expansion ratio of completing needed for energy conversion system of progression determine;
Be at least two-stage radial-inward-flow turbine, every grade comprises at least one radial-inward-flow turbine, and two radial-inward-flow turbine corotation moving axis are affixed back-to-back; Radial-inward-flow turbine at different levels interlinks through many pipelines, at least one heat exchanger;
Modulating valve (26), three-way valve (27) is provided with in pipeline;
Multistage rotatingshaft is connected with speed-changing gear box (18) respectively, the main output shaft (16) of speed-changing gear box (18) is connected with the live axle of generator (19) or other loads, shaft work is exported, drive electrical generators (19) or other loads by main output shaft (16);
The thermal source of heat exchanger is for coming from environment, middle-low temperature heat or solar thermal collector;
Wherein, described two-stage radial-inward-flow turbine corotation moving axis is affixed back-to-back, adjacent two-stage radial-inward-flow turbine is connected, totally one rotatingshaft, affixed in back-to-back mode, namely totally one rotatingshaft (17) is affixed back-to-back for first order radial-inward-flow turbine (2), second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6), third level radial-inward-flow turbine (10), fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine (14) totally one rotatingshaft (15) are affixed back-to-back, by that analogy to afterbody, when progression is odd number, afterbody is made up of two radial-inward-flow turbines, adopts arranged in form coaxial back-to-back;
The position of speed-changing gear box (18) is positioned at the homonymy of two coaxial radial-inward-flow turbines;
First order radial-inward-flow turbine (2) by the road (3), heat exchanger (4), pipeline (5) interlinks with second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6); Second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6) by the road (7), heat exchanger (8), pipeline (9) interlinks with third level radial-inward-flow turbine (10); Third level radial-inward-flow turbine (10) by the road (11), heat exchanger (12), pipeline (13) interlinks with fourth stage radial-inward-flow turbine (14), by that analogy to afterbody (N), air is led in the outlet of afterbody (N) radial-inward-flow turbine, or connects other equipment;
Its flow process is:
After pressurized gas are heated to uniform temperature before entering multi-level centripetal turbine, through valve (26), pipeline (1) input first order radial-inward-flow turbine (2), heat exchanger (4) is entered after expansion work in first order radial-inward-flow turbine (2), continue to enter second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6) expansion work after improving temperature, continue again to enter third level radial-inward-flow turbine (10) expansion work after heat exchanger (8), in this way, to the last one-level turbine (N) terminates after expanding, the shaft work that radial-inward-flow turbine group inflation process produces is by axle (15, 17) speed-changing gear box (18) is exported to, drive electrical generators (19) or other loads is exported by main output shaft (16) after speed change.
2. multi-level centripetal turbine system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the rotor of described radial-inward-flow turbine, is open type, semi-open type or enclosed.
3. multi-level centripetal turbine system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the radial-inward-flow turbine number of described multi-level centripetal turbine system is even number, adopt arranged in form coaxial back-to-back, to offset the axial force of turbo wheel, the shaft work of generation is exported by same output shaft.
4. multi-level centripetal turbine system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pressurized gas were heated to uniform temperature before entering multi-level centripetal turbine, make the temperature of first order radial-inward-flow turbine (2) import between 220K ~ 973K, inlet pressure is between 3bar ~ 340bar; The expansion ratio of multi-level centripetal turbine is between 3 ~ 340, and the exhaust pressure of afterbody (N) radial-inward-flow turbine close to normal pressure, or uses as the high-pressure air source of other equipment.
5. multi-level centripetal turbine system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the expansion ratio of described radial-inward-flow turbine at different levels, the axial force of the expansion ratio total by multi-level centripetal turbine and radial-inward-flow turbine rotor at different levels determines jointly, and the pressure ratio distribution of back-to-back two radial-inward-flow turbines will meet axial force and roughly balance.
6. multi-level centripetal turbine system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described heat exchanger, for bushing type, shell of pipe type, jacketed type, heat accumulating type, hybrid, the combination of immersing coil pipe type one of them or they, the heat source temperature of heat exchanger is between 220K ~ 973K.
7. multi-level centripetal turbine system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described thermal source, for coming from environment or middle-low temperature heat, is industrial waste heat, waste heat, atmosphere environment or heat-stored device.
8. the multi-level centripetal turbine system according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterized in that: when the exit flow of described afterbody (N) radial-inward-flow turbine uses as low-temperature receiver, controlled the temperature exported by the inlet temperature and expansion ratio regulating final stage turbine.
9. multi-level centripetal turbine system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the size of the shaft work that described main output shaft (16) exports, and by pressurized gas inlet flow rate and temperature, or is controlled by the temperature of heat exchanger and flow.
10. multi-level centripetal turbine system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described three-way valve (27), in three grades of radial-inward-flow turbine systems, comprise radial-inward-flow turbine group (2,6,31,32), heat exchanger (4,8), speed-changing gear box (18), generator (19), modulating valve (26), rotatingshaft (15,16,17), pipeline (1,3,5,7,20,21,22,23,28,29,30);
Second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6) by the road (7), heat exchanger (8), pipeline (29) interlinks with three-way valve (27) entrance, two outlets of three-way valve (27) interlink with two radial-inward-flow turbines (31,32) respectively, the third level comprises two radial-inward-flow turbines (31,32), and the outlet B of the first radial-inward-flow turbine (31), the outlet C of the second radial-inward-flow turbine (32) lead to air respectively or use as the source of the gas of other equipment;
During operation, after pressurized gas are heated to uniform temperature before entering multi-level centripetal turbine, through valve (26), pipeline (1) input first order radial-inward-flow turbine (2), in first order radial-inward-flow turbine (2), enter heat exchanger (4) after expansion work, continue to enter second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6) expansion work after improving temperature; Difference is:
The third level comprises two radial-inward-flow turbines (31,32), the pressurized gas that second level radial-inward-flow turbine (6) exports are after heat exchanger (8) heating, impartial two-part are divided into by three-way valve (27), a part enters in the first radial-inward-flow turbine (31) and enters air or enter downstream after expansion work, another part enters in the second radial-inward-flow turbine (32) and enters air or enter downstream after expansion work, in this way, the axial force of two radial-inward-flow turbines (31, the 32) rotor of the third level is made to offset; The size of main output shaft merit, regulates the flow of pressurized gas to control by valve (26), or by regulating the heat exchange amount of heat exchanger (4,8) to control.
11. multi-level centripetal turbine systems according to claim 10, it is characterized in that: when the progression of multi-level centripetal turbine system is 5 or 7, its afterbody adopts two radial-inward-flow turbines, the pressurized gas of its upstream radial-inward-flow turbine outlet are after heat exchanger heating, and hot air flow is through three-way valve (27) equalization input two radial-inward-flow turbine actings.
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