CN102748900A - Heat pump, heat pump air conditioner and heat pump water heating unit sequentially using single/double stage compression - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat pump, a heat pump air conditioner and a heat pump water heating unit sequentially using single/double stage compression. The heat pump comprises a condenser, a throttling device, an evaporator and a compressor unit which are sequentially connected through refrigerating agent pipelines, wherein a heat absorption device of the evaporator is positioned in a low-temperature heat source, the condenser is positioned in a heated medium, the compressor unit is connected with a control device, and the control device is used for controlling the compressor unit to carry out single-stage parallel compression or recombining the compressor unit to carry out two-stage series compression. According to the invention, a classification recombination method is adopted by the compressor, the single/double compression is sequentially used, the 'three-high and one-low' technical problems that the air suction and exhaust differential pressure of the compressor is increased, the compression ratio is increased, the air exhaust temperature of the compressor is increased, and the heating efficiency is reduced are improved and solved under the conditions of lower environment temperature and higher heated medium temperature, and the energy in the air can be efficiently absorbed.

Description

Heat pump, heat pump air conditioner and heat-pump hot-water unit that single twin-stage compression sequence is used

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of heat pump, heat pump, heat pump air conditioner and heat-pump hot-water unit that particularly a kind of single twin-stage compression sequence is used.

Background technology

Heat pump is a kind of evaporation and condensation through working medium, the heat energy of low-temperature heat source is transferred to the thermal apparatus of high temperature heat source.The low-temperature heat source that is generally used for heat pump assembly is medium---air, river, the seawater around us, municipal sewage, surface water, underground water, middle water, fire cistern, or the medium of from the equipment of industrial product, discharging.At present, heat pump can be used for the heating to water, wet goods medium.But, in existing heat pump, mainly adopt the single stage compress mode; If low-temperature heat source temperature is low, the heated medium temperature high, then the evaporating pressure of heat pump evaporimeter is low, and the condensing pressure of condenser is high; Cause compressor air suction pressure and pressure at expulsion " pressure reduction " between the two to enlarge, compression ratio increases, and compressor exhaust temperature raises; Working conditions of compressor worsens, and heating capacity descends.Therefore, the single stage compress heat pump can't satisfy the production demand of high temperature drying, air heat and health hot water at low temperature season.

As in air source heat pump hot water production device, the main at present single stage compress system that adopts, its groundwork process is; Cold-producing medium absorbs air heat energy and becomes low-pressure steam in evaporimeter; The machine that is compressed sucks the steam that is compressed into HTHP, enters condenser and after running water is emitted heat, is condensed into refrigerant liquid, again through the throttling arrangement decompression; Inflow evaporator once more; Thereby get into new round circulation, so move in circles, constantly the air heat energy of low-temperature space is pumped into the health hot water of high-temperature region.The single stage compress formula heat-pump hot-water process units that so moves, its heating efficiency (Energy Efficiency Ratio) are mainly determined by the condensing pressure and the evaporating pressure of heat pump.For the heat-pump hot-water unit; If environment temperature high (for example 15 ℃), hot water temperature's low (for example 25 ℃), the evaporating pressure higher (can reach more than the 6atm) in the heat pump evaporimeter then, the condensing pressure in the condenser lower (approximately 12atm); Compressor air suction pressure and pressure at expulsion " pressure reduction " between the two is less; Compression ratio is little, and compressor exhaust temperature is lower, and working conditions of compressor is good; Heating capacity is extremely strong, and heating efficiency (heating the ratio of power and institute's power consumption) can reach more than 10 times.If but environment temperature is low, the hot water temperature is high; Then the evaporating pressure of heat pump evaporimeter is low, and the condensing pressure of condenser is high, causes compressor air suction pressure and pressure at expulsion " pressure reduction " between the two to increase; Compression ratio increases; Compressor exhaust temperature raises, " three high one is low " phenomenon that heating capacity descends, and working conditions of compressor worsens.

Because the evaporating temperature of heat pump must be lower than the temperature of surrounding air, the liquid refrigerant in the evaporimeter could absorb heat, carburation by evaporation the air outside evaporimeter; So the evaporating pressure of heat pump mainly is that environment temperature is low, and then evaporating pressure is low by the decision of the temperature of surrounding air, the density of the refrigerant gas that compressor sucks is low, and circulating mass of refrigerant is little, and heating capacity is poor.And the condensation temperature of heat pump hot-water system must be higher than the hot water temperature, and the refrigerant gas in the condenser could be put heat to the outer hot water of condenser, condensation liquefaction; So the condensing pressure of heat-pump hot-water unit mainly is by the decision of the temperature of hot water in the water tank, the hot water temperature raises then that condensing pressure raises.Therefore, the heat pump hot-water system of band water-storing tank is a compressor electric motor ever-increasing varying duty system that loads.

The air source heat pump hot water production device of current operation adopts single stage compress to heat mode more.Out of doors during environment temperature lower (below 0 ℃), initial period, because of the running water temperature in the water tank is lower, heating efficiency is also than higher; But high-temperature region in the running water in the water tank gets into, then " pressure reduction " between the condensing pressure of this system and the evaporating pressure obviously enlarges, compression ratio obviously improves, compressor exhaust temperature increases fast, and working conditions of compressor obviously worsens, and heating efficiency descends fast.

Please refer to table 1; Data according to U.S.'s brand compressor " paddy wheel " manufacturer's up-to-date issue in 2011; The different evaporating temperature of a ZW108KS three-phase screw compressor, condensation temperature and motor suck power P and heat the relation between power (heating capacity) H; Wherein, this compressor adopts the R22 cold-producing medium.

Different evaporating temperatures, condensation temperature and the motor of table 1:ZW108KS three-phase screw compressor suck power P and heat the relation between power (heating capacity) H

Can find out that from table 1 under 25 ℃ of conditions of 15 ℃ of condensation temperatures of evaporating temperature, suck electrical power 4435W, heating capacity 47595W, its heating efficiency is up to 10.7; But this ZW108KS compressor under the condition of evaporating temperature-25 ℃, condensation temperature+65 ℃, sucks electrical power 9825W, heating capacity 15858W, and its heating efficiency reduces to 1.61; Compare with previous operating mode; Compressor sucks electrical power increases by 121%; Heating capacity reduces by 66.7%, the phenomenon of condensing pressure rising, compression ratio raises, compressor exhaust temperature raises, heating efficiency reduces " three high is low " occurred, the working conditions of compressor severe exacerbation.And; This still is a laboratory data; In the heating of reality, because carry out power consumption or the like the factor of counter-rotating defrost, water pump and blower fan on the evaporimeter in the on-way resistance of evaporimeter, condenser " two devices ", system's running repeatedly, the heating efficiency of system will＜1.5; Near the direct-fired efficient of resistance, the high energy efficiency of " heat pump " ratio and economy exhaust.This is the corollary of high compression ratio single stage compress heat pump process.

Same problem also is present in the existing domestic heat pump formula air-conditioning.

At outdoor environment temperature-10 ℃, under 30 ℃ of conditions of indoor air temperature, consider that the cross-ventilation heat transfer coefficient is lower; And the heat transfer area of off-premises station heat exchanger is bigger, and its actual off-premises station evaporimeter heat transfer temperature difference is 10 ℃, and indoor set condenser heat transfer temperature difference is 15 ℃; When air-conditioning carries out heating operation; 50 ℃ of indoor set leaving air temps, i.e. evaporating temperature-20 ℃, 65 ℃ of condensation temperatures; Adopt the heating efficiency of the heat pump air conditioner unit of ZW108KS three-phase screw compressor to have only 1.88, only be equivalent under 20 ℃ of outside air temperatures, 10 ℃ of evaporating temperatures, 30 ℃ of indoor air temperatures, 65 ℃ of operating modes of condensation temperature this heat pump air conditioner unit heating efficiency 3.86 about 48%; This still is a laboratory data.

If environment temperature further descends; For example outdoor temperature drops to below-20 ℃; Add heat pump in the actual motion to defrosting repeatedly to evaporimeter in the off-premises station; And the on-way resistance of evaporator-condenser " two devices " causes that evaporating pressure further reduces, the further factors such as rising of condensing pressure, no matter is fixed frequency air conditioner or convertible frequency air-conditioner, and its heating efficiency and economy all will decay totally.In order to remedy the shortcoming of heat pump air conditioner cold operation poor performance, common practice can only be to increase auxiliary heaters such as PTC or electrothermal tube at present, has not so both improved the heat pump compressor bad working environments, more make the whole energy consumption of air-conditioner increase, economy is lower.

Therefore, present single stage compress air source heat pump system can't satisfy the high temperature health hot water production demand in cold winter, also can't solve the shortcoming of cold heat pump air conditioner heating operation poor performance in winter at all.

Summary of the invention

The heat pump that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of single twin-stage compression sequence to use is to solve the technical problem that under cryogenic conditions, heats high-temperature medium that the single stage compress air source heat pump system can't satisfy;

The heat pump air conditioner that the present invention also aims to provide a kind of single twin-stage compression sequence to use, the technical problem of " three high is low " that suction and discharge pressure reduction raises in the time of can't solving cold winter air-conditioning heating operation to solve single stage compress air source heat pump system in the prior art, compression ratio raises, compressor exhaust temperature raises, heating efficiency reduces;

The present invention also aims to provide a kind of heat-pump hot-water unit of single twin-stage compression sequence use; Solving " three high one the is low " technical problem that suction and discharge pressure reduction raises when the operation of cold winter heating, compression ratio raises, compressor exhaust temperature raises, heating efficiency reduces of single stage compress air source heat pump system in the prior art, with the production of the high temperature health hot water that satisfies cold winter.

In order to address the above problem; The invention provides the heat pump that a kind of single twin-stage compression sequence is used; Comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect through refrigerant line in order, the heat sink at said evaporimeter place places low-temperature heat source, and said condenser places heated medium; Said compressor bank is connected with a control device, and said control device control compressor bank carries out single-stage parallel connection compression or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization.

Heat pump according to the described single twin-stage compression sequence use of the application's preferred embodiment; Said compressor bank comprises some compressors; Some compressors carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through said control device control or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression; The compression of the said first order comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the said second level comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections.

Heat pump according to the described single twin-stage compression sequence use of the application's preferred embodiment; Said compressor bank comprises a multicylinder compressor; Comprise some cylinders in this multicylinder compressor; Some cylinders carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through control device or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, and said first order compression comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections, and the cylinder that comprises or at least two parallel connections is compressed in the said second level.

Heat pump according to the described single twin-stage compression sequence use of the application's preferred embodiment; Said compressor bank is when two-stage series connection compresses; Said back one-level refrigerant compressed gas soakage is complementary with previous stage refrigerant compressed gas discharge rate, and defers to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas of suction ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Basically equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle.

According to the heat pump that the described single twin-stage compression sequence of the application's preferred embodiment is used, said compressor bank comprises 5 ~ 9 compressors, and said first order compression comprises the compressor of 4 ~ 8 parallel connections.

According to the heat pump that the described single twin-stage compression sequence of the application's preferred embodiment is used, said compressor bank comprises at least one big compressor and at least one little compressor, and the inspiratory capacity of said big compressor is 4 to 8 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor; Said big compressor and little compressor are when the double stage tandem compression work, and said big compressor places first order compression, and said little compressor places second level compression.

According to the heat pump that the described single twin-stage compression sequence of the application's preferred embodiment is used, the compression of the said second level is or/and first order compressor for compressing is a frequency-changeable compressor.

According to the heat pump that the described single twin-stage compression sequence of the application's preferred embodiment is used, said control device comprises some magnetic valves, controls through the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank is carried out single-stage parallel connection compression or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization.

According to the heat pump that the described single twin-stage compression sequence of the application's preferred embodiment is used, said low-temperature heat source comprises air or underground water or seawater, and said heated medium comprises water or air or oil.

The heat pump air conditioner that the present invention also provides a kind of single twin-stage compression sequence to use; Comprise indoor set, off-premises station; Also comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect through refrigerant line in order; Said condenser is arranged in the said indoor set, and said indoor set places air, and the off-premises station at said evaporimeter place places air or seawater or underground water; Said compressor bank is connected with a control device, and said control device control compressor bank carries out single-stage parallel connection compression or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization.

Heat pump air conditioner according to the described single twin-stage compression sequence use of the application's preferred embodiment; Said compressor bank comprises some compressors; Some compressors carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through said control device control or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression; The compression of the said first order comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the said second level comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections.

Heat pump air conditioner according to the described single twin-stage compression sequence use of the application's preferred embodiment; Said compressor bank comprises a multicylinder compressor; Comprise some cylinders in this multicylinder compressor; Some cylinders carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through control device or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, and said first order compression comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections, and the cylinder that comprises or at least two parallel connections is compressed in the said second level.

Heat pump air conditioner according to the described single twin-stage compression sequence use of the application's preferred embodiment; Said compressor bank is when two-stage series connection compresses; Said back one-level refrigerant compressed gas soakage is complementary with previous stage refrigerant compressed gas discharge rate, and defers to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas of suction ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Basically equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle.

According to the heat pump air conditioner that the described single twin-stage compression sequence of the application's preferred embodiment is used, said compressor bank comprises 5 ~ 9 compressors, and said first order compression comprises the compressor of 4 ~ 8 parallel connections.

According to the heat pump air conditioner that the described single twin-stage compression sequence of the application's preferred embodiment is used, said compressor bank comprises at least one big compressor and at least one little compressor, and the inspiratory capacity of said big compressor is 4 to 8 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor; Said big compressor and little compressor are when the double stage tandem compression work, and said big compressor places first order compression, and said little compressor places second level compression.

According to the heat pump air conditioner that the described single twin-stage compression sequence of the application's preferred embodiment is used, the compression of the said second level is or/and first order compressor for compressing is a frequency-changeable compressor.

According to the heat pump air conditioner that the described single twin-stage compression sequence of the application's preferred embodiment is used, said control device comprises some magnetic valves, controls through the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank is carried out single-stage parallel connection compression or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization.

The heat-pump hot-water unit that the present invention also provides a kind of single twin-stage compression sequence to use; Comprise water tank; Also comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect through refrigerant line in order, said condenser is arranged in the said water tank, and the heat sink at said evaporimeter place places air or seawater or underground water; Said compressor bank is connected with a control device, and said control device control compressor bank carries out single-stage parallel connection compression or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization.

Heat-pump hot-water unit according to the described single twin-stage compression sequence use of the application's preferred embodiment; Said compressor bank comprises some compressors; Some compressors carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through said control device control or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression; The compression of the said first order comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the said second level comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections.

Heat-pump hot-water unit according to the described single twin-stage compression sequence use of the application's preferred embodiment; Said compressor bank comprises a multicylinder compressor; Comprise some cylinders in this multicylinder compressor; Some cylinders carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through control device or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, and said first order compression comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections, and the cylinder that comprises or at least two parallel connections is compressed in the said second level.

Heat-pump hot-water unit according to the described single twin-stage compression sequence use of the application's preferred embodiment; Said compressor bank is when two-stage series connection compresses; Said back one-level refrigerant compressed gas soakage is complementary with previous stage refrigerant compressed gas discharge rate, and defers to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas of suction ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Basically equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle.

According to the heat-pump hot-water unit that the described single twin-stage compression sequence of the application's preferred embodiment is used, said compressor bank comprises 5 ~ 9 compressors, and said first order compression comprises the compressor of 4 ~ 8 parallel connections.

According to the heat-pump hot-water unit that the described single twin-stage compression sequence of the application's preferred embodiment is used, said compressor bank comprises at least one big compressor and at least one little compressor, and the inspiratory capacity of said big compressor is 4 to 8 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor; Said big compressor and little compressor are when the double stage tandem compression work, and said big compressor places first order compression, and said little compressor places second level compression.

According to the heat-pump hot-water unit that the described single twin-stage compression sequence of the application's preferred embodiment is used, the compression of the said second level is or/and first order compressor for compressing is a frequency-changeable compressor.

According to the heat-pump hot-water unit that the described single twin-stage compression sequence of the application's preferred embodiment is used, said control device comprises some magnetic valves, controls through the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank is carried out single-stage parallel connection compression or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization.

Compared with prior art, there is following technique effect in the present invention:

The heat pump that a kind of single twin-stage compression sequence provided by the invention is used; Compressor adopts the classification recombination method; Single, double level compression uses in order; Can be lower in environment temperature, under the heated medium temperature conditions of higher, improve and solve the technical problem of compressor suction and discharge pressure reduction raises, compression ratio raises, compressor exhaust temperature raises, heating efficiency reduces " three high is low ", high efficiency absorbs airborne energy.

The heat pump air conditioner that the present invention also provides a kind of single twin-stage compression sequence to use; Adopt compressor classification recombination method provided by the invention, be lower than in-10 ℃ the environment, adopt two stages of compression; High efficiency absorbs airborne energy, with to indoor about 30 ℃ air heat release.When outside air temperature in winter higher (general＞0 ℃), then adopt the parallel connection of 2 compressors to produce for the heat pump air conditioner of forming by small one and large one two compressor, promptly the single stage compress mode heats.And when outside air temperature lower (general＜0 ℃); Then adopt big compressor to compress for the heat pump air conditioner of forming by small one and large one two compressor as the first order; Little compressor compresses as the second level; First and second level compression series connection back forms the twin-stage compression; With to indoor about 30 ℃ air heat release; Twin-stage compressing hot pump system can improve working conditions of compressor, improve the entire system heating efficiency this moment, solved in the prior art single stage compress heat pump and can't satisfy cold room air heating in winter and realize the technical problem of heating, and solved that the suction and discharge pressure reduction that existing single stage compress air source heat pump system occurs raises, compression ratio raises, compressor exhaust temperature raises when room temperature is more than 30 ℃, the technical problem of " three high is low " of heating efficiency reduction.

The heat-pump hot-water unit that the present invention also provides a kind of single twin-stage compression sequence to use; Adopt compressor classification recombination method provided by the invention; The heat pump that the single, double level that uses in order is compressed can high efficiency absorb airborne energy, to produce the health hot water about 60 ℃.When the water temperature of heat pump type hot water machine water tank lower (general＜40 ℃), then adopt multiple compressors parallel connection production for the heat-pump water heater of forming by multiple compressors, promptly the single stage compress mode heats and carries out hot water production.And when water tank water temperature higher (general＞40 ℃); Then adopt about 6/7 left and right sides quantity compressor parallel to compress for the heat-pump water heater of forming by multiple compressors as the first order; 1/7 remaining left and right sides compressor compresses as the second level; First and second level compression series connection back forms the twin-stage compression; Carry out the production that heats of hot water high temperature section; The heat pump that the single twin-stage compression sequence of this kind is used can improve working conditions of compressor, improve the entire system heating efficiency; Solved that the single stage compress air source heat pump system can't satisfy the technical problem of the high temperature health hot water production demand in cold winter in the prior art, and solved that the suction and discharge pressure reduction that existing single stage compress air source heat pump system occurs during the high-temperature region raises, compression ratio raises, compressor exhaust temperature raises in the water tank water temperature is in, the technical problem of " three high is low " of heating efficiency reduction.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the heat pump air conditioner of a kind of single twin-stage compression sequence use of the present invention;

Fig. 2 adopts the structural representation of the heat pump air conditioner of single stage compress use for the present invention;

Fig. 3 adopts the structural representation of the heat pump air conditioner of twin-stage compression use for the present invention;

Fig. 4 for the present invention adopt heat pump air conditioner that twin-stage compression uses P-V figure

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the heat-pump hot-water unit of a kind of single twin-stage compression sequence use of the present invention;

Fig. 6 adopts the structural representation of the heat-pump hot-water unit of single stage compress use for the present invention;

Fig. 7 adopts the structural representation of the heat-pump hot-water unit of twin-stage compression use for the present invention;

Fig. 8 for the present invention adopt heat-pump hot-water unit that twin-stage compression uses P-V figure.

The specific embodiment

The heat pump that the present invention provides a kind of single twin-stage compression sequence to use; Comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect through refrigerant line in order; The heat sink at evaporimeter place places low-temperature heat source; Condenser places heated medium, and compressor bank is connected with a control device, and control device control compressor bank carries out single-stage parallel connection compression or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization.In the present invention, low-temperature heat source can comprise air or seawater or underground water, and heated medium can comprise water or air or wet goods, and the present invention does not limit the type of low-temperature heat source and heated medium.

In the present invention, compressor bank has following several kinds of possible structures:

First kind, compressor bank comprises some identical compressors, and some compressors carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through control device, and perhaps some compressors are through the compression of control device reorganization carrying out two-stage series connection.As adopt a plurality of compressor parallels to carry out single stage compress at low-temperature space, adopt a plurality of weights of compressor to form the two-stage series connection compression in middle high-temperature region, the whole heating efficiency of two-stage series connection compression can improvement working conditions of compressor, raising system.

In the present invention; Some compressors carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through control device control or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression; First order compression comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections, and second level compression comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections.The present invention does not limit the compressor number in first order compression and the second level compression; But in order to improve compression efficiency; When compressor bank is compressed at two-stage series connection; Back one-level refrigerant compressed gas soakage and previous stage refrigerant compressed gas discharge rate are complementary, and defer to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas that sucks ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Basically equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle.

First order compression can be the identical single cylinder compressor of structure with the second level each interior compressor of compression; Comprise 5 ~ 9 or 5 ~ 9 multiple compressor like compressor bank; First order compression comprises the compressor of 4 ~ 8 or 4 ~ 8 multiple platform parallel connection, and preferably, compressor bank comprises 5 ~ 9 compressors; First order compression comprises the compressor of 4 ~ 8 parallel connections, but the present invention is not limited thereto.In the present invention; Each compressor in first order compression and the second level compression also can be multicylinder compressor; As long as satisfy compressor bank when two-stage series connection compresses; Back one-level refrigerant compressed gas soakage and previous stage refrigerant compressed gas discharge rate are complementary, compression pressure reduction in the second level gets final product less than the principle of first order compression pressure reduction, and the present invention does not limit this.In this enforcement embodiment; Second level compression is or/and each compressor in the first order compression can adopt frequency-changeable compressor; Thereby change compressor speed power according to actual conditions through changing incoming frequency, reaching energy-conservation effect, but the present invention does not do concrete restriction to this.

Second kind, compressor bank comprises a multicylinder compressor, comprises some cylinders in this multicylinder compressor, and some cylinders carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through control device, and perhaps some cylinders are through the compression of control device reorganization carrying out two-stage series connection.As adopt a plurality of cylinder parallel connections to carry out single stage compress at low-temperature space, adopt multi-cylinder to reassemble into the two-stage series connection compression in middle high-temperature region, two-stage series connection compression can improvement working conditions of compressor, raising whole heating efficiency of the present invention.

In the present invention; Some cylinders carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through control device control or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression; First order compression comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections, and second level compression comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections.The present invention does not limit the cylinder number in first order compression and the second level compression; But in order to improve compression efficiency; When compressor bank is compressed at two-stage series connection; Back one-level refrigerant compressed gas soakage and previous stage refrigerant compressed gas discharge rate are complementary, and defer to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas that sucks ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Basically equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle a plurality of cylinders are recombinated.In the present invention, more number of cylinders is adopted in first order compression.As in six cylinder compressors, when carrying out the two-stage series connection compression, the cylinder of 5 parallel connections is adopted in first order compression; 1 cylinder of second level boil down to; First order compression is connected with second level compression, and this is one of them specific embodiment of this embodiment, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The third, compressor bank comprises at least one big compressor and at least one little compressor, and the inspiratory capacity of big compressor is greater than the inspiratory capacity of little compressor, and the inspiratory capacity of concrete big compressor is that several times of the present invention of little compressor air suction amount do not limit.Preferably; Big compressor and little compressor are when double stage tandem is worked, and the inspiratory capacity of big compressor is 4 to 8 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor, and is preferred; The inspiratory capacity of big compressor is 6 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor; Big compressor and little compressor are when double stage tandem is worked, and big compressor places first order compression, and little compressor places second level compression.The compressor bank that is heat-pump-type hot water unit is made up of small one and large one two compressor (the perhaps compressor of their integral multiples), and the inspiratory capacity of this small one and large one two compressors differs about 6 times.

Compressor bank can adopt any one of above-mentioned several kinds of situation, and the present invention does not limit.

In the present invention, control device comprises some magnetic valves, controls through the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank is carried out single-stage parallel connection compression or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization.The principle of compressor bank reorganization being carried out the plural serial stage compression through control device is identical with the principle that the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization, therefore, through control device to compressor bank reorganization carry out plural serial stage and compress and also belong to protection scope of the present invention.

In the present invention; The heat pump that this single twin-stage compression sequence is used can be used for water, air, wet goods heated medium are heated; Its heating principle is identical; For the structure and the operation principle that can offer some clarification on heat pump of the present invention, be used for heat pump that air-conditioner adds hot-air and to be used for hot water production be example, describe in detail.

The present invention also provides a kind of heat pump air conditioner of single twin-stage compression; Comprise indoor set and off-premises station; Also comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect through refrigerant line in order, the present invention does not limit the number of evaporimeter, as comprising the evaporimeter of some parallel connections.It is indoor set that condenser is arranged on indoor; Indoor set places air; The heat sink at evaporimeter place is that off-premises station places outdoor air or seawater or underground water, and the present invention does not limit this, and placing air at present embodiment with off-premises station is that example specifies.Compressor bank is connected with a control device, and control device control compressor bank carries out single-stage parallel connection compression or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization.Control device is connected with compressor bank, and the control compressor bank is carried out single-stage parallel connection compression and heated when outdoor environment temperature is in middle and high warm area (general>0 ℃) in the winter time.When outdoor environment temperature is in low-temperature space (general < 0 ℃) in the winter time, carries out single-stage parallel connection compression earlier and heat; When indoor air temperature reaches 20 temperature when above, with most of compressors in the compressor bank or cylinder parallel connection, compress again as the first order; Remaining minority compressor parallel or cylinder (if also having more than 2) compress as the second level; And then with first and second level compression series connection; The compression of formation twin-stage; Can effectively improve indoor environment temperature, solve and improved the problem of " three high is low " that compressor suction and discharge pressure reduction raises, compression ratio raises, compressor exhaust temperature raises, heating efficiency reduces of the appearance when the severe cold season environment temperature is low of existing single stage compress air source heat pump system.Below enumerating some preferred implementation specifies.

First kind, compressor bank comprises some identical compressors, and some compressors carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through control device, and perhaps some compressors are through the compression of control device reorganization carrying out two-stage series connection.As the high-temperature region adopted a plurality of compressor parallels to carry out single stage compress during outdoor environment temperature was in more than 0 ℃ in the winter time; Be in when being lower than 0 ℃ low-temperature space in environment temperature, carry out single-stage parallel connection compression earlier and heat; When indoor air temperature reaches 20 temperature when above, adopt a plurality of weights of compressor to form the two-stage series connections compression again, two-stage series connection compression can improvement working conditions of compressor, improve the whole heating efficiency of system.

When room air effectively being heated (＞30 ℃) in the low temperature environment (＜0 ℃) in the winter time; Second level refrigerant compressed soakage and first order refrigerant compressed discharge rate are complementary, the present invention and defer to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas that sucks ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Basically equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle carry out the reorganization of multiple compressors.First order compression can be the identical single cylinder compressor of structure with the second level each interior compressor of compression; Comprise 5 ~ 9 or 5 ~ 9 multiple compressor like compressor bank; First order compression comprises the compressor of 4 ~ 8 or 4 ~ 8 multiple platform parallel connection, and preferably, compressor bank comprises 5 ~ 9 compressors; First order compression comprises the compressor of 4 ~ 8 parallel connections, but the present invention is not limited thereto.The preferable recombination method of present embodiment is, first order compression comprises the compressor of 6 parallel connections, and second level compression comprises 1 compressor.During 7 compressor parallel connections simultaneously, compressor bank is done single-stage parallel connection compression.When connecting with 1 compressor of second level compression behind 6 compressor parallels of first order compression, compressor bank forms the twin-stage compression again.The present invention does not limit the number of compressor, simultaneously, the reorganization situation of a plurality of compressors is not limited yet, and can select the number and the reorganization progression of compressor according to concrete operating position.

Second kind, compressor bank comprises a multicylinder compressor, comprises some cylinders in this multicylinder compressor, and some cylinders carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through control device, and perhaps some cylinders are through the compression of control device reorganization carrying out two-stage series connection.As the middle high-temperature region that is in more than 0 ℃ of environment temperature adopts a plurality of cylinder parallel connections to carry out single stage compress in the winter time; Be in environment temperature and be lower than 0 ℃ low-temperature space, carry out single-stage parallel connection compression earlier and heat; When indoor air temperature reaches 20 temperature when above, adopt multi-cylinder to reassemble into the two-stage series connection compression again, two-stage series connection compression can improvement working conditions of compressor, improve whole heating efficiency of the present invention.

In the present invention; Some cylinders carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through control device control or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression; First order compression comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections, and second level compression comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections.The present invention does not limit the cylinder number in first order compression and the second level compression; But in order to improve compression efficiency; When compressor bank is compressed at two-stage series connection; Back one-level refrigerant compressed gas soakage and previous stage refrigerant compressed gas discharge rate are complementary, and the present invention defers to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas that sucks ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Basically equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle a plurality of cylinders are recombinated.In the present invention, more number of cylinders is adopted in first order compression.The present invention does not limit the reorganization situation of a plurality of cylinders yet, can select the number and the reorganization progression of cylinder according to concrete operating position.As for eight cylinder compressors, the cylinder of seven parallel connections is adopted in first order compression, and a cylinder is adopted in second level compression.

The third; Compressor bank comprises at least one big compressor and at least one little compressor, and the inspiratory capacity of big compressor is 4 to 8 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor, and is preferred; The inspiratory capacity of big compressor is 6 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor; Big compressor and little compressor are when double stage tandem is worked, and big compressor places first order compression, and little compressor places second level compression.The compressor bank that is heat pump air conditioner is made up of small one and large one two compressor (the perhaps compressor of their integral multiples); And the inspiratory capacity of this small one and large one two compressors differs about 6 times; The present invention is with reference to the principle and the method for the secondary compression module reorganization of above-mentioned compressor group; During environment temperature higher (general>0 ℃), this small one and large one two compressor parallel connections are heated work in the winter time, promptly adopt the single stage compress mode that air is heated; And when environment temperature lower (general < 0 ℃), carry out single-stage parallel connection compression earlier to heat; When indoor air temperature reaches 20 temperature when above, bigger inspiratory capacity compressor to be compressed as the first order, inspiratory capacity has only the little compressor of big compressor about 1/6 to compress as the second level; And then, form the twin-stage compression with first and second level compression series connection, and heat, can reach the good result of improving working conditions of compressor, improving the whole heating efficiency of unit equally.

In the present invention, multicylinder compressor and a plurality of single cylinder compressors and multicylinder compressor are identical with the operation principle of the compress mode that single cylinder compressor combines, and the present invention is illustrated no longer one by one.

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, be example with the heat pump air conditioner unit of forming by small one and large one two compressors, the heat pump air conditioner that single twin-stage compression sequence is used specifies.

Please refer to Fig. 1; The heat pump air conditioner that a kind of single twin-stage compression sequence is used; Comprise indoor set 10, off-premises station and heat pump assembly, heat pump assembly comprises condenser 2, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter 5 and the compressor bank 6 that connects through refrigerant line in order, in the present embodiment; Heat pump assembly comprises the condenser 2 of three parallel connections, but the present invention does not limit the number of condenser.Condenser 2 is arranged in the indoor set 10, and indoor set 10 places air, and the off-premises station at evaporimeter 5 places places air, and compressor bank is connected with a control device, and control device control compressor bank carries out single-stage parallel connection compression or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization.In the present embodiment; The lower end of indoor set 11 is provided with air outlet, air inlet and outlet pipe; Control device comprises some magnetic valves, controls through the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank 6 is carried out single-stage parallel connection compression or the double stage tandem compression is carried out in reorganization, wherein; Compressor bank 6 comprises a big compressor and a little compressor; The inspiratory capacity of big compressor is about 5.5 times of little compressor, and big compressor 68 carries out single-stage parallel connection compression with little compressor 69 through control device, and perhaps the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization.In heat pump assembly, the pipeline that connects little compressor 69 has two, i.e. first pipeline and second pipeline; First pipeline is provided with on magnetic valve 1 and magnetic valve 39, second pipeline magnetic valve 28 is set: please refer to Fig. 2, when magnetic valve 1 and magnetic valve 39 open, when magnetic valve 28 cuts out; First pipeline is connected; Second pipeline is closed, and little compressor 69 is parallelly connected with big compressor 68, is called single-stage parallel connection compression; Please refer to Fig. 3; When magnetic valve 1 and magnetic valve 39 close, when magnetic valve 28 is opened, first pipeline is closed, second pipeline is connected; Little compressor 69 is connected with big compressor 68; I.e. folding through magnetic valve forms the double stage tandem compression with the compressor reorganization, and big compressor 68 places first order compression, and little compressor 69 places second level compression.

During environment temperature higher (general>0 ℃), the present invention is then parallelly connected with this two compressor for the heat pump assembly of being made up of small one and large one two compressor, carries out air heat, promptly adopts the single stage compress mode to heat in the winter time.And in the winter time during environment temperature lower (general < 0 ℃), adopt the single stage compress of big or small compressor parallel to heat earlier; When room air reaches more than 20 ℃, the compressor bank between evaporator outlet and condenser inlet is recombinated: big inspiratory capacity compressor is wherein compressed as the first order; Little inspiratory capacity compressor is compressed as the second level; And then, form the twin-stage compression with first and second level compression series connection, carry out under the low ambient temperature effective heating to room air.

Because refrigerant gas is different from refrigerant liquid; Has compressibility and the machine that is compressed significantly compresses; So on each flow area in heat pump; Refrigerant mass fluxes is identical and volume flow is widely different, when weight of compressor component level, must guarantee the soakage of back one-level compression and the coupling balance of previous stage compression discharge rate, Here it is with in the system " inspiratory capacity is compressed as the first order greatly; And little inspiratory capacity compressor is compressed as the second level " basis.

Environment temperature is in low-temperature space (generally in the winter time<0 ℃) when implementing the multiple compressors reorganization, the present invention defers to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas that sucks ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Basically equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle carry out the reorganization of multiple compressors.

Why the present invention adopts the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of high stage compressor ₂Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w with first order compressor ₁The basic method that equates is recombinated to multiple compressors; Big inspiratory capacity compressor is wherein compressed as the first order; And little inspiratory capacity compressor is compressed as the second level; And then the twin-stage compact model that compressor configuration is carried out in first and second grade compression series connection carried out under the low ambient temperature the effective heating to room air; Be when in low temperature (＜0 ℃) environment, producing high temperature air, second level refrigerant compressed soakage and first order refrigerant compressed discharge rate are complementary, and it is even basically to make the first order compression and the second level compress the live load of each compressor; Thereby electric machine iron core and coil heating, electrical machine insulation and cylinder lubricating system or the like all are in basis equalization kilter stably when making the operation of each compressor, with prevent the part compressor particularly high stage compressor serious overlond running appears.

When winter environment temperature＜0 ℃, during indoor air temperature＜20 ℃, with small one and large one two compressors parallel connection of air source heat pump air-conditioner, weave into the single stage compress module and heat production earlier; When indoor air temperature＞20 ℃; Again big inspiratory capacity compressor (inspiratory capacity is about 5.5 times of little compressor) is wherein weaved into first order compression module; 1 little inspiratory capacity compressor is born second level compression module in addition, and two module work in tandems are with high-temperature hot air in producing.

Winter heating, the single twin-stage compression sequence of source pump is used, but it is shorter to be used for the single stage compress process of atmosphere temperature rising; The body of work time of heat pump air conditioner unit and heating task are to compensate the leakage heat of room air to body of wall and atmospheric environment, keep room air and are in higher warm area as 30 ℃.Keep the temperature of 30 ℃ of room air main bodys, the leaving air temp of source pump indoor set must reach more than 45 ℃, and condensation temperature must reach more than 50 ℃.

Existing operate to example explanation with the heat pump heating under the ambient air temperature-10 ℃ condition. at ambient air temperature-10 ℃, heat pump air conditioner unit main body adopts the two stages of compression mode running time, defers to that " second level compression is to the pressure of the certain volume gas of the suction merit ⊿ w that contracts ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Basically equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" the principle spirit of carrying out multiple compressors reorganization; the two stages of compression operating mode is: first order compression module is that the pressure of inspiration(Pi) of big inspiratory capacity compressor is that evaporating pressure is 2.44atm (a corresponding evaporating temperature-20 ℃; than low 10 ℃ of ambient air temperature), and second level compression module is that the pressure at expulsion of little inspiratory capacity compressor is that condensing pressure is 19.43atm (50 ℃ of a corresponding condensation temperature, higher 20 ℃ than indoor set air draught temperature; higher 5 ℃ than indoor machine wind-discharging temperature), and overall compression ratio reaches 8.Intermediate pressure (being the pressure at expulsion of first order compression, also is the pressure of inspiration(Pi) of second level compression) is 13.42atm, and first order compression ratio is 5.5, and pressure reduction is 10.98atm; Second level compression ratio is 1.45, and pressure reduction is 6.0atm.If continue to adopt the mode of production of single stage compress; Heating efficiency will by theoretic drop to more than 4 in the reality below 2; Because it is very serious that factors such as the clearance of compressor and leakage have become under High Pressure Difference high compression ratio condition; Cause the actual exhaust air temperature in this stage can reach more than 130 ℃, heating efficiency drops to below 1.5, and the high energy efficiency ratio and the economy of " heat pump " exhaust.

And in this stage; The present invention adopts two stages of compression; The overall compression ratio 8 of heat pump air conditioner unit decomposes, disposes between the two stages of compression module; During operating mode, the heating efficiency that can guarantee whole system was in reasonably, whole operating mode, the efficient of heat pump air conditioner unit were compared with single stage compress, obviously improve.

Please refer to Fig. 4, the actual compression process of compressor on the P-V figure is being a polytropic proces between isotherm compression process and adiabatic compression process (adiabatic exponent of R22 is 1.18).Intermediate pressure between first secondary compression, by the inspiratory capacity of all compressors of the second level, the intersection point of the line of compression process in many ways that gathers with all compressors of the first order determines on P-V figure.When indoor air temperature reaches 20 ℃; The control system automaticallyes switch; The pipeline that big inspiratory capacity compressor leads to condenser in the single stage compress stage is closed, and intercooler is transported in the exhaust of this big inspiratory capacity compressor, emit after most of sensible heat significantly lowers the temperature; Send into the suction inlet of second level compression module (being little inspiratory capacity compressor) again, second-compressed enters condenser after becoming high steam.

Be example with the heat pump air conditioner unit now,, carry out the mathematical modeling analysis the first order and the partial work done during compression in the two stages of compression combination.

On P-V figure, can clearly find out: during heating operation, the actual compression process of compressor is a polytropic proces between isotherm compression process and adiabatic compression process, and the cold-producing medium that present embodiment adopts is R22:

In many ways the compression process equation is: pv ⁿ=c, (1＜n＜1.18)

The first order compression of heat pump air conditioner unit is discussed earlier.

At first use the method for definite integral, calculate and adopt big compressor to carry out first order compression, per hour 136.95m ³, the 2.44atm low-pressure steam, be compressed to intermediate pressure electric work that 13.42atm consumes.About the volume compression to 1/5.5 of first order compression, promptly be compressed to gross exhaust gas (the 1/5.5) * 136.95m of the big compressor of the first order with low-pressure steam ³Inspiratory capacity 24.9m with the little compressor in the second level ³Basically equal, the intermediate pressure between the first order second level is about 5.5 * 2.44=13.42atm at this moment.

To compress in many ways and be regarded as adiabatic compression:

Pv ⁿ=c，n=1.18

The pressure and the volume of compression starting point are brought into

C=P·v ⁿ

=p ₁·v ₁ ⁿ

=2.44×1.013×100000×136.95 ^1.18

Work done during compression can be tried to achieve to the definite integral between the 13.42atm at 2.44atm pressure with volume

$S={\&Integral;}_{2.44}^{13.42}p\&CenterDot;\mathrm{dv}$

$=v_1/(1-1/n)\&CenterDot;({p_1}^{1/n}\&CenterDot;{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="p"\; filenames="120724165924.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout>}}_2}^{1-1/n}-p_1)$

$=6.591\&times;{10}^{7}J$

$=18.31\mathrm{kwh}$

As with 24.9m ³Inspiratory capacity be reference, then equivalent horsepower is 3.3kw.If also promptly little inspiratory capacity compressor operating is in the first order, then its compression horsepower is 3.3kw, is in " underloading " state.The work done during compression of the big inspiratory capacity compressor of first order 18.31kwh; During with this compressor single stage compress; Directly from-10 ℃ of surrounding airs, absorb heat and pump into 30 ℃ room air; Corresponding to pressure of inspiration(Pi) 2.44atm, pressure at expulsion 19.43atm, per hour work done during compression 22.95kwh compares, and this compressor is in " underloading " state.As being compressor 100% full load condition with " pressure of inspiration(Pi) 2.44atm, pressure at expulsion 19.43atm ", then under the duty of " pressure of inspiration(Pi) 2.44atm, pressure at expulsion 13.42atm ", rate of load condensate is 79.8%.

See the second level compression of heat pump air conditioner group again.

Use the method for definite integral now, calculate second level compression 24.9m ³/ h, intermediate pressure are consumed electric work by the both vapor compression of 13.42atm to the final states of 19.43atm:

C=Pv ⁿ

=13.42×1.013×100000×24.9 ^1.18

Work done during compression $S={\&Integral;}_{13.42}^{19.43}v\&CenterDot;\mathrm{Dp}$

$=v_1/(1-1/n)\&CenterDot;({p_1}^{1/n}\&CenterDot;{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="p"\; filenames="120724165924.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout>}}_2}^{1-1/n}-p_1)$

$=1.2888\&times;{10}^{7}J$

$=3.58\mathrm{kwh}$

The second level effective compression horsepower of little inspiratory capacity compressor is 3.58kw, belongs to light running; Be equivalent to 24.9m with the first order ³The compression equivalent horsepower 3.3kw of inspiratory capacity, very approaching, " equal basically ".

On P-V figure, compressor once compresses the work done during compression of being done, and is exactly that compression process curve, compressor air suction pressure line, Compressor Discharge Pressure line and P axle surround the trapezoidal area in bent limit that forms in many ways.Because the compression curve in many ways of hiigh pressure stage is more precipitous than the compression curve in many ways of low-pressure stage, has only the second level of employing compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁, also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁Method, could realize " the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the little inspiratory capacity compressor of second level compression ₂Suck volume compression merit ⊿ w with the equivalent of the big inspiratory capacity compressor of first order compression ₁Basically equal ".

Under the environment temperature below-10 ℃, use heat pump air conditioner to absorb the hot-air of 40 ℃ of airborne energy production, in the middle high-temperature region of room air (＞30 ℃), the present invention defers to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas that sucks ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Basically equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle, carry out the reorganization of compressor bank, improved the operating mode of compressor at all, and improved the Energy Efficiency Ratio that heats.Become after the two stages of compression by single stage compress, total thermal discharge of heat pump air conditioner unit condenser reduces to some extent, the minimizing ratio during with single stage compress the inspiratory capacity of little compressor to account for the ratio of two compressor air suction total amounts of size in the system identical, about 1/6; The heating efficiency of this stage heat pump air conditioner (Energy Efficiency Ratio) is greater than 3, and the heating efficiency of single stage compress is little by about 17% (1/6) during only than 20 ℃ of indoor air temperatures, and single stage compress heat pump air conditioner unit Energy Efficiency Ratio is more than 1/3 when exceeding 30 ℃ of indoor temperatures.

The heat-pump hot-water unit that the present invention also provides a kind of single twin-stage compression sequence to use, at this heat-pump hot-water unit, the compressor bank in the heat pump air conditioner that the structure of compressor bank and recombination form and single twin-stage compression sequence are used is similar, repeats no more here.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, lift the air heat pump hot water unit that a compressor bank adopts many single cylinder compressors, the method for single twin-stage compression that uses in order under the cryogenic conditions in the winter time, the process of high efficiency production high temperature health hot water specifies.

The heat-pump hot-water unit that a kind of single twin-stage compression sequence is used; Comprise water tank; Also comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect through refrigerant line in order; The heat sink at evaporimeter place places air or seawater or underground water, and condenser is arranged in the water tank.In the present invention; It is identical that the heat sink at evaporimeter place places the operation principle of air or seawater or underground water; The present invention places heat sink and does not where do concrete restriction, and below to place air with the heat sink at evaporimeter place be that example is described in detail.In the present invention, compressor bank comprises several compressors and control device, and some compressors are compressor, and some compressors carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through control device, and perhaps some compressors are through the compression of control device reorganization carrying out two-stage series connection.The present invention also lists the situation that some compressors can be divided into multi-stage compression within protection scope of the present invention in control device.

In the present invention, when the water temperature lower (general＜40 ℃) of heat pump type hot water machine water tank, then all compressor parallels are carried out hot water production, promptly adopt the single stage compress mode to heat and carry out hot water production for the heat pump assembly of forming by multiple compressors.And when water tank water temperature higher (general＞40 ℃), then the compressor bank between evaporator outlet and condenser inlet is recombinated: for the hot water apparatus of forming by multiple compressors, with most of compressor parallels wherein, compress as the first order; Remaining minority compressor parallel (if also having more than 2) compresses as the second level; And then, form the twin-stage compression with first and second level compression series connection, carry out the production that heats of hot water high temperature section.

Because refrigerant gas is different from refrigerant liquid; Has compressibility and the machine that is compressed significantly compresses; So on each flow area in heat pump, refrigerant mass fluxes is identical and volume flow is widely different, the soakage that when weight of compressor component level, must guarantee back one-level compression and previous stage are compressed the coupling balance of discharge rate; Here it is with in the system " most of compressor parallels compress as the first order; And remaining minority compressor parallel (if also having more than 2), as second level compression " basis.

When the water tank water temperature section of reaching a high temperature (general＞40 ℃) was implemented the multiple compressors reorganization, the present invention deferred to that " second level compression is to the pressure of the certain volume gas that the sucks merit ⊿ w that contracts ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Basically equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle carry out the reorganization of multiple compressors.

Why the present invention adopts the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of high stage compressor ₂Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w with first order compressor ₁The basic method that equates is recombinated to multiple compressors; Most of compressors (about 6/7) parallel connection is wherein compressed as the first order; And with the minority compressor (about 1/7) of remainder parallel connection (if also having more than 2) as compressing the second level; And then first and second grade compressed the twin-stage compact model that carries out compressor configuration of connecting carry out the production that heats of hot water high temperature section; Be when in low temperature (10 ℃ of＜﹣) environment, producing high temperature (＞60 ℃) hot water; Second level refrigerant compressed soakage and first order refrigerant compressed discharge rate are complementary; Make first order compression even basically, thereby electric machine iron core and coil heating, electrical machine insulation and cylinder lubricating system or the like all are in basis equalization kilter stably when each compressor is moved with the live load of each compressor of second level compression, with prevent the part compressor particularly high stage compressor serious overlond running appears.

Be example with the heat-pump hot-water unit now,, carry out the mathematical modeling analysis the first order and the partial work done during compression in the two stages of compression combination.

On P-V figure, can clearly find out: during heating operation, the actual compression process of compressor is a polytropic proces between isotherm compression process and adiabatic compression process, and the cold-producing medium that present embodiment adopts is R22:

In many ways the compression process equation is: pv ⁿ=c, (1＜n＜1.18)

First order compression is discussed earlier.

At first use the method for definite integral, calculate and adopt paddy wheel compression machine Zw108ks to carry out first order compression, per hour 24.9m ³, the 2.44atm low-pressure steam, be compressed to intermediate pressure electric work that 14.64atm consumes.About the volume compression to 1/6 of first order compression, promptly be compressed to gross exhaust gas 6 * (the 1/6) * 24.9m of 6 compressors of the first order with low-pressure steam ³Inspiratory capacity 24.9m with high stage compressor ³Basically equal, the intermediate pressure between the first order second level is about 6 * 2.44=14.64atm at this moment.

To compress in many ways and be regarded as adiabatic compression:

Pv ⁿ=c，n=1.18

The pressure and the volume of compression starting point are brought into

C=Pv ⁿ

=p ₁·v ₁ ⁿ

=2.44×1.013×100000×24.9 ^1.18

Work done during compression can be tried to achieve to the definite integral between the 14.64atm at 2.44atm pressure with volume

$S={\&Integral;}_{2.44}^{14.64}\mathrm{vdp}$

$=v_1/(1-1/n)\&CenterDot;({p_1}^{1/n}\&CenterDot;{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="p"\; filenames="120724165924.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout>}}_2}^{1-1/n}-p_1)$

$=12672000J$

$=3.52\mathrm{kwh}$

Effectively compression horsepower is 3.52kw, and the power that the Zw108ks compressor is worked between evaporating temperature-20 ℃, condensation temperature+35 ℃ is 5267W, and electric efficiency=3520w/5267W=66.8% belongs to light running.

See second level compression again.

When the two stages of compression operational mode began, first order pressure of inspiration(Pi) was 2.44atm, and intermediate pressure is 14.64atm, and second level pressure at expulsion is 17.3atm; System's overall compression ratio 7.1, wherein first order compression ratio is 6, second level compression ratio is 1.18.

Thereafter, the pressure at expulsion of second level compression and the overall compression ratio of system are gone on the way, reach 27.0,11.1 respectively, and first order compression ratio is stabilized near 6, and second level compression ratio is progressively up to reach 1.8; The work done during compression of high stage compressor, by the work done during compression less than single compressor of the first order, it is fair with it to rise to, and rises to the work done during compression greater than single compressor of the first order again, realizes " the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of single compressor of second level compression on the whole ₂Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w with single compressor of first order compression ₁Basically equal ".

Use the method for definite integral now, the starting stage is compressed with 24.9m in the second level that calculates in the twin-stage compression ³/ h, intermediate pressure arrive the electric work that consumed of 17.3atm by the both vapor compression of 14.64atm:

C=p ₁·v ₁ ⁿ

=14.64×1.013×100000×24.9 ^1.18

$S={\&Integral;}_{14.64}^{17.3}v\&CenterDot;\mathrm{dp}$

$=v_1/(1-1/n)\&CenterDot;({p_1}^{1/n}\&CenterDot;{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="p"\; filenames="120724165924.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout>}}_2}^{1-1/n}-p_1)$

$=6249600J$

$=1.74\mathrm{kwh}$

Effectively compression horsepower is 1.74kw, belongs to the light(-duty) service at two stages of compression initial stage.

And in the latter stage that heat-pump hot-water unit high temperature heats, heavy service has in short-term appearred in the second level compression in the twin-stage compression.Use the method for definite integral now, calculate second level compression 24.9m ³/ h, intermediate pressure are consumed electric work by the both vapor compression of 14.64atm to the final states of 27.0atm:

Work done during compression

$S={\&Integral;}_{14.64}^{27}\mathrm{vdp}$

$=v_1/(1-1/n)\&CenterDot;({p_1}^{1/n}\&CenterDot;{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="p"\; filenames="120724165924.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout>}}_2}^{1-1/n}-p_1)$

$=23748800.8J$

$=6.6\mathrm{kwh}$

Effectively compression horsepower is 6.6kw, belongs to the hot water production heavy service in latter stage.

On an average, the mean power of the second level compression in the twin-stage compression is about 4.17kw, is a bit larger tham the power 3.52kw of the first order compression in the twin-stage compression, and is roughly suitable.

On P-V figure, compressor once compresses the work done during compression of being done, and is exactly that compression process curve, compressor air suction pressure line, Compressor Discharge Pressure line and P axle surround the trapezoidal area in bent limit that forms in many ways.Because the compression curve in many ways of hiigh pressure stage is more precipitous than the compression curve in many ways of low-pressure stage, and the cylinder of compressor appearance is identical, has only the second level of employing compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁, also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁Method, could realize " the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of single compressor of second level compression ₂Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w with single compressor of first order compression ₁Basically equal ".

Intermediate pressure between first order compression and the secondary compression, by the inspiratory capacity of all compressors of the second level, the intersection point of the line of compression process in many ways that gathers with all compressors of the first order determines on P-V figure.Under the evaporating pressure of confirming and condensing pressure, the quantity of participation first order compressor for compressing increases, the lifting that makes progress of capacity that gathers and pressure at expulsion, and intermediate pressure also moves up; The quantity of participating in first order compressor for compressing reduces, and the capacity and the pressure at expulsion that gather reduce downwards, and intermediate pressure also moves down thereupon.Same, under evaporating pressure of confirming and condensing pressure, the quantity of participating in second level compressor for compressing increases, and the second level inspiratory capacity that gathers increases, and intermediate pressure also moves down; The quantity of participating in second level compressor for compressing reduces, and the inspiratory capacity that gathers reduces, and intermediate pressure also moves up thereupon.Therefore, the heat pump type hot water machine is when the hot water high temperature section adopts the two stages of compression mode to heat to produce, and its evaporating pressure determines by ambient air temperature, and its condensing pressure determines by the hot water temperature, wherein between pressure by the quantity configuration decision of first split-compressor.

Existing during with 10 ℃ of environment temperature ﹣, adopting the net for air-source heat pump units of configuration 7 compressors that 5 ℃ of running water in the water tank are produced 60 ℃ of health hot waters is the example explanation.

Please refer to Fig. 5; The heat-pump hot-water unit that a kind of single twin-stage compression sequence is used comprises water tank 1 and heat pump assembly, and heat pump assembly comprises condenser 2, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter 5 and the compressor bank 6 that connects through refrigerant line in order; Wherein, The heater at evaporimeter 5 places places air, and condenser 2 is arranged in the water tank 1 and is positioned at the bottom of water tank 1, and throttling arrangement is a choke valve 4; Between condenser 2 and evaporimeter 5, also be provided with devices such as intercooler, filter 3, present embodiment is not done concrete restriction.The upper end of water tank 1 is provided with exhaust outlet, water inlet, and the lower end is provided with delivery port, and also is provided with water circulating pump in the lower end of water tank 1.Control device comprises some magnetic valves, controls through the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank 6 is carried out single-stage parallel connection compression or the double stage tandem compression is carried out in reorganization, wherein; Compressor bank 6 comprises first compressor 61, second compressor 62, the 3rd compressor 63, the 4th compressor 64, the 5th compressor 65, the 6th compressor 66 and the 7th compressor 67; First compressor 61, second compressor 62, the 3rd compressor 63, the 4th compressor 64, the 5th compressor 65, the 6th compressor 66 are parallel with one another, and in heat pump assembly, the pipeline that connects the 7th compressor 67 has two; I.e. first pipeline and second pipeline; First pipeline is provided with on magnetic valve 1 and magnetic valve 39, second pipeline magnetic valve 28 is set: please refer to Fig. 6, when magnetic valve 1 and magnetic valve 39 open, when magnetic valve 28 cuts out; First pipeline is connected; Second pipeline is closed, and the 7th compressor 67 and other six compressor parallels is called single-stage parallel connection compression; Please refer to Fig. 7; When magnetic valve 1 and magnetic valve 39 close, when magnetic valve 28 is opened, first pipeline is closed, second pipeline is connected; Six compressors of the 7th compressor 67 and other are connected, i.e. folding through magnetic valve forms the double stage tandem compression with the compressor reorganization.

Heat pump type hot water machine evaporimeter absorbs heat from surrounding air, and the convective heat-transfer coefficient of air is less, greatly about 25～120W/ (m ²℃), it is bigger to reach certain required heat transfer temperature difference of heat absorption power, generally at 6～12 ℃, and desirable 10 ℃; The running water heat release of heat-pump hot-water unit condenser in water tank, the convective heat-transfer coefficient of water is very high, greatly about 3500～9500W/ (m ²℃), it is less to reach certain required heat transfer temperature difference of heat release power, generally at 4～8 ℃, and desirable 5 ℃.The resistance of ignoring the connecting line between pipeline in the heat exchanger and heat exchanger, compressor, the choke valve, ignore in the refrigerant gas compression process and piston, cylinder sleeve between heat exchange, the real process of complicacy is abstracted into simple cyclic process.

1, the single stage compress stage

In the time of during the water tank water temperature is in lower temperature, adopt 7 compressor concurrent job patterns, implement single stage compress, water temperature from 5 ℃ of circulations of ﹢ rise to+40 ℃.The 2.44atm evaporating pressure (corresponding to saturation temperature be-20 ℃, the environment temperature than-10 ℃ is low 10 ℃) under, source pump sucks suitably overheated refrigerant vapor of evaporation back, is discharged into the condenser heat release after the compression.The condensing pressure of source pump, constantly high in the hydronic process of water body, from 6.8atm (corresponding to 10 ℃ saturation temperature; Initial temperature than running water in the water tank exceeds 5 ℃ for 5 ℃); Progressively rise to 17.3atm (corresponding saturation temperature is 45 ℃), compression ratio progressively rises to 7.1 by 2.8, and the theoretical delivery temperature of compressor progressively rises to 84 ℃ by 35 ℃; In fact owing to factors such as the compressor air suction degree of superheat, compressor redundant gap coefficients, delivery temperature is about 120 ℃; Unit heating efficiency (theory) is corresponding progressively to drop to 3.4 by 7.2, actual descend more more.

Know by above, the water tank water temperature from 5 ℃ of circulations of ﹢ rise to+40 ℃ process in, air source heat pump system is corresponding the phenomenon of condensing pressure rising, compression ratio raises, compressor exhaust temperature raises, heating efficiency reduces " three high is low " to have occurred.This is the corollary of single stage compress heat pump process, also is acceptable during in water tank hot water temperature＜40 ℃.

2, twin-stage compression stage

When the water tank water temperature reaches 40 ℃, with the 6 compressors parallel connection of air-source heat pump hot water group, weave into the one-level compression module, 1 compressor is born the secondary compression module in addition, and two module work in tandems are with high temperature health hot water in producing.

In the phase I of hot water production is the single stage compress stage; When 7 compressor parallel runnings water temperature in water tank reached 40 ℃, the control system automaticallyed switch, and the pipeline that 6 compressors lead to condenser in the single stage compress stage is closed; And the gas exhaust piping of this 6 compressor merged; Transport to intercooler behind the exhaust interflow, in intercooler,, emit after most of sensible heat significantly lowers the temperature with the liquid refrigerant heat exchange of introducing from throttling arrangement; Send into the suction inlet of second level compression module (i.e. the 7th compressor) again; Enter condenser after being become high steam by second-compressed, heat release liquefaction back expenditure and pressure gets into first order compression module (6 compressors of parallel connection) evaporimeter before again.

In this stage; The evaporating pressure of first order compression module still is 2.44atm; The condensing pressure of second level compression module rises in 60 ℃ the process constantly high from 40 ℃ in the tank water temperature, progressively rise to 27.0atm from 17.3atm, and intermediate pressure also progressively rises thereupon; The corresponding rising of delivery temperature, overall compression ratio reaches 11.1.

If continue to adopt the mode of production of single stage compress in the middle high-temperature region of hot water; Then the tank water temperature from+40 ℃ rise to+60 ℃ process in; Condensing pressure rises to 27.0atm by 17.3 equally, and the theoretical delivery temperature of unit will rise to 105 ℃ by 84 ℃, and heating efficiency will be by 3.4 dropping to below 2 in theory; Because factors such as the clearance of compressor and leakage have become more serious under High Pressure Difference high compression ratio condition; Cause the actual exhaust air temperature in this stage can reach more than 150 ℃, heating efficiency drops to below 1.5, and the high energy efficiency ratio and the economy of " heat pump " exhaust.

But in this stage; The present invention adopts two stages of compression; The overall compression ratio 11.1 of hot water machine decomposes, disposes between the two stages of compression module; During operating mode, the heating efficiency that can guarantee whole system was in reasonably, whole operating mode, the efficient of hot-water heating system were compared with single stage compress, obviously improve.

Please refer to Fig. 8, the actual compression process of compressor on the P-V figure is being a polytropic proces between isotherm compression process and adiabatic compression process (adiabatic exponent of R22 is 1.18).Intermediate pressure between first secondary compression, by the inspiratory capacity of all compressors of the second level, the intersection point of the line of compression process in many ways that gathers with all compressors of the first order determines on P-V figure.When water temperature reaches 40 ℃ in the water tank; The control system automaticallyes switch, and 6 in 7 compressors was closed towards the pipeline of condenser in the single stage compress stage, and the gas exhaust piping of this 6 compressor is merged; Exhaust is transported to intercooler behind the interflow; Emit after most of sensible heat significantly lowers the temperature, send into the suction inlet of second level compression module (i.e. the 7th compressor) again, second-compressed enters condenser after becoming high steam.The state parameter of (saturated) steam that first order compressor sucks is-20 ℃, 2.44atm, 92.8l/kg; Requirement according to " the intersection point decision intermediate pressure of the line of compression process in many ways that all compressors of the inspiratory capacity of high stage compressor and the first order gather "; The specific volume of refrigerant gas must be compressed to 1/6 of inspiratory volume 92.8l/kg; Be 15.47l/kg, the capacity of 6 first order compressors could be mated with the inspiratory capacity of high stage compressor basically.Specific volume is that the saturated vapour pressure of 15.47l/kg is about 14.64atm.The intermediate pressure of i.e. first secondary compression is 14.64atm.

When the two stages of compression operational mode began, first order pressure of inspiration(Pi) was 2.44atm, and intermediate pressure is 14.64atm, and second level pressure at expulsion is 17.3atm; System's overall compression ratio 7.1, wherein first order compression ratio is 6, second level compression ratio is 1.18.Thereafter, the pressure at expulsion of second level compression and the overall compression ratio of system are gone on the way, reach 27.0,11.1 respectively, and first order compression ratio is stabilized near 6, and second level compression ratio is also up thereupon to reach 1.8; The work done during compression of high stage compressor, by the work done during compression less than single compressor of the first order, it is fair to rise to, and rises to the work done during compression greater than single compressor of the first order again, realizes " the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of single compressor of second level compression on the whole ₂Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w with single compressor of first order compression ₁Basically equal ".

Under the environment temperature below-10 ℃, the use heat pump absorbs the health hot water of 60 ℃ of airborne energy production, at running water low-temperature space (＜40 ℃), and systematic energy efficiency ratio higher (＞4).In the middle high-temperature region of hot water, the present invention defers to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas that sucks ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Basically equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle carry out the reorganization of multiple compressors, improved the operating mode of compressor at all, and improved the Energy Efficiency Ratio that heats.At 40～60 ℃ of warm areas, adopt the two stages of compression mode of the present invention's reorganization to carry out high-temperature-hot-water production, the total power consumption of the first split-compressor total power consumption during with single stage compress compared, and beginning slightly reduces, and remaining basically stable in the centre, slightly rises at last; Total thermal discharge of hot water machine condenser reduces to some extent, and the minimizing ratio is identical with the ratio that high stage compressor quantity accounts for compressor total amount in the system, and about 1/7; The heating efficiency of this stage heat pump hot-water system (Energy Efficiency Ratio) is greater than 2.5, and the heating efficiency of single stage compress is little by about 14% (1/7) during only than 40 ℃ of water tank hot water, exceeds identical warm area single stage compress heat-pump hot-water unit Energy Efficiency Ratio more than 2/3; Two stages of low temperature and middle high temperature integrate, heating efficiency (Energy Efficiency Ratio)＞3.

If heat pump hot-water system adopts inspiratory capacity to differ the big or small compressor combination about 6 times; The present invention is according to the principle and the method for the secondary compression module reorganization of above-mentioned compressor group; Compression is recombinated to size; Adopt the big or small compressor single stage compress that walks abreast at the low-temperature space of health hot water; Adopt big inspiratory capacity compressor to place the first order, little inspiratory capacity compressor to place the second level, reassemble into two stages of compression in middle high-temperature region, can reach the good result of improving working conditions of compressor, improving the whole heating efficiency of unit equally.

If heat pump adopts medium-sized or large scale multi-cylinder compressor; The present invention is according to the principle and the method for the secondary compression module reorganization of above-mentioned compressor group; Cylinder to multicylinder compressor is recombinated; Low-temperature space at health hot water adopts the parallel single stage compress of multi-cylinder, adopts multi-cylinder reorganization two stages of compression in middle high-temperature region, can reach the good result of improving working conditions of compressor, improving the whole heating efficiency of unit equally.

If heat pump hot-water system adopts frequency-changeable compressor; Particularly in high stage compressor, use converter technique; After the compressor bank reorganization of embodiment of the present invention, can further improve the particularly inspiratory capacity of hiigh pressure stage of low-pressure stage, thereby further improve exerting oneself and running quality of system.

If in temperature higher season; Use heat pump hot-water system to produce the high-temperature-hot-water of higher temperature (for example 80 ℃), embodiment of the present invention is recombinated to compressor bank, in the high-temperature region of hot water; The compression ratio that can reach the first order and high stage compressor group equally descends; Delivery temperature descends, and operating mode is improved, the positive effect that the whole Energy Efficiency Ratio of hot-water heating system improves.

If heat pump is used to the heat temperature raising to heat conduction wet goods fluid media (medium); Embodiment of the present invention is recombinated to compressor bank; In the middle high-temperature region of fluid media (medium), there is the compression ratio of the first order and high stage compressor group to descend equally, delivery temperature descends; Operating mode is improved, the positive effect that Energy Efficiency Ratio improves.

Main innovate point of the present invention is:

The first, the temperature of source pump is carried out subregion, " because of district's suiting measures to different conditions ".

Winter, the present invention carried out subregion with environment temperature and indoor air temperature when heating to room air, during environment temperature＞0 ℃, heated the employing single stage compress; During environment temperature＜0 ℃; Heat the heat pump method that adopts single twin-stage compression sequence to use: indoor air temperature is divided into low-temperature space (below+5 ℃-+20 ℃) and middle warm area (+20 ℃ more than-+30 ℃); The operational mode of corresponding heat pump, relative set are single stage compress and twin-stage compression.

Winter is when producing health hot water; The present invention carries out subregion with the health hot water temperature of being produced; Be divided into middle low-temperature space (+5 ℃-+40 ℃) and middle high-temperature region (+40 ℃-+60 ℃), the operational mode of corresponding heat pump, relative set are single stage compress and twin-stage compression.

So " because of district's suiting measures to different conditions ", the specific aim and the flexibility that improve operation of heat pump.

The second, founded and comprised many compressor configuration methods with " the very 6+1 " of single compressor hierarchical composition

The present invention defers to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas that sucks ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Basically equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle, carry out the reorganization of multiple compressors.

The principle of this reorganization and method; In the process that under the outdoor environment temperature below-10 ℃, heats to room air; When indoor air temperature reaches 20 ℃; Big inspiratory capacity compressor in the system (the volume inspiratory capacity is about 5.5 times of little compressor) is compressed as the first order, and little inspiratory capacity compressor is compressed as the second level, and then with first and second level compression series connection.This and " very 6+1 " similar recombination method; Founded the compressor configuration pattern of big or small compressor hierarchical composition; Improved the possibility and the operability of practical application, the suction and discharge pressure reduction that has at all solved single stage compress air source heat pump air-conditioner in winter increases, compression ratio is too high, compressor exhaust temperature is too high, serious " three high one the is low " phenomenon that reduces of heating efficiency.The principle of this reorganization and method; Under the outdoor environment temperature below-10 ℃, produce in 60 ℃ the process of health hot water; When the hot water temperature reaches 40 ℃; Most of compressors (about 6/7) parallel connection in the system that will be made up of many compressors is as first order compression, and with minority compressor (about 1/7) parallel connection (if also having more than 2) of remainder as second level compression, and then with first and second level compression series connection.The recombination method of this " very 6+1 "; Founded the compressor configuration pattern of many compressors and single compressor hierarchical composition; The possibility and the operability of practical application have been improved; The suction and discharge pressure reduction that has at all solved single stage compress air source heat pump hot-water heating system increases, compression ratio is too high, compressor exhaust temperature is too high, serious " three high one the is low " phenomenon that reduces of heating efficiency, and " twin-stage high temperature heat pump " come true from notion.

The 3rd, the twin-stage compressing hot pump unit eer under ℃ condition of winter-10 exceeds identical warm area single stage compress pattern more than 1/3

Owing to adopted the twin-stage compression; Compression ratio of each grade and compressor exhaust temperature all have bigger decline; The whole operating mode of heat pump air conditioner unit, heat-pump hot-water unit significantly improves; The heating efficiency (Energy Efficiency Ratio) of high-temperature region exceeds identical warm area single stage compress heat-pump hot-water unit Energy Efficiency Ratio more than 1/3 greater than 2.5 in the middle warm area of room air, hot water.

The 4th, improved the usage factor of original unit.

In the winter time under the low temperature severe cold condition; When using heat pump air conditioner unit and heat-pump hot-water unit to heat; Reach the median (20 ℃ of room airs, 40 ℃ of health hot waters) of setting when room air or health hot water temperature; Single stage compress unit to the last stage is recombinated, and is transformed into the pattern of two stages of compression.In the regrouping process, do not increase new special high stage compressor group, do not increase new heat exchanger, water pump, blower fan, only original compressor bank and corollary equipment are recombinated, improved the usage factor of original unit.

In the present invention, under the low temperature severe cold condition, the heat pump heating efficiency exceeds identical warm area single stage compress heat-pump hot-water unit Energy Efficiency Ratio more than 1/3, can reach more than 3.0 in the winter time.Among the present invention, the improvement of two stages of compression stage compression unit operating mode and the raising of heating efficiency, basic reason is:

1, change is separated into intensive

The single stage compress of the big compression ratio of the big pressure reduction of a plurality of compressors is in service; Do not match with design of electrical motor and higher-pressure region that operational efficiency has significantly reduced merges; The unified high stage compressor that has only the first order to compress total inspiratory capacity about 1/6 by new inspiratory capacity is carried out; Become and to be separated into intensively, compression operating mode and compression efficiency that former single stage compress end has worsened improve and promote;

2, the width of leakage path and power (pressure reduction) all greatly reduce

During single stage compress, the leakage between the compressor high-low pressure occurs between the interface that has relative mechanical movement in a plurality of compressors, and the power (compressor suction and discharge pressure reduction) that promotion is leaked is very big, causes the leakage rate between the high-low pressure very big.After compressor bank was reassembled as the two stages of compression of " very 6+1 ", the power of the width of refrigerant gas leakage path and leakage (pressure reduction) all greatly reduced between the high-low pressure, and leakage rate greatly reduces.Not only leakage rate greatly reduces, the refrigerant gas enthalpy in the intermediate pressure that leaks into zone higher relatively, reduced the power consumption of compression once more.

In sum, the usefulness of embodiment of the present invention is:

The present invention defers to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas that sucks ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Basically equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p ₁Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle, carry out the reorganization of multiple compressors, with heat pump air conditioner unit, heat-pump hot-water unit by the single stage compress pattern; reach the median of setting in room temperature, water temperature after, be reassembled as the two stages of compression pattern, series operation; the compression ratio of the first order and high stage compressor is descended, and delivery temperature descends, and operating mode is improved; Energy Efficiency Ratio improves; reach more than 3, exceed identical warm area single stage compress heat pump air conditioner unit, heat-pump hot-water unit Energy Efficiency Ratio more than 1/3, thereby heat pump techniques applied at broader ambient temperature range and the temperature range that heats of Geng Gao.

More than a disclosed specific embodiment that is merely the application, but the application is not limited thereto, any those skilled in the art can think variation, all should drop in the application's the protection domain.

Claims (25)

1. heat pump that single twin-stage compression sequence is used; It is characterized in that; Comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect through refrigerant line in order, the heat sink at said evaporimeter place places low-temperature heat source, and said condenser places heated medium; Said compressor bank is connected with a control device, and said control device control compressor bank carries out single-stage parallel connection compression or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization.

2. the heat pump that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 1 is used; It is characterized in that; Said compressor bank comprises some compressors; Some compressors carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through the control of said control device or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, and said first order compression comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections, and the compressor that comprises or at least two parallel connections is compressed in the said second level.

3. the heat pump that uses of according to claim 1 or claim 2 single twin-stage compression sequence; It is characterized in that; Said compressor bank comprises a multicylinder compressor, comprises some cylinders in this multicylinder compressor, and some cylinders carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through control device or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression; The compression of the said first order comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the said second level comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections.

4. the heat pump that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 3 is used; It is characterized in that; Said compressor bank is when two-stage series connection compresses; Said back one-level refrigerant compressed gas soakage is complementary with previous stage refrigerant compressed gas discharge rate, and defers to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas of suction ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Basically equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p _1;Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle.

5. the heat pump that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 4 is used is characterized in that said compressor bank comprises 5-9 compressors, and said first order compression comprises the compressor of 4-8 parallel connections.

6. the heat pump that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 4 is used is characterized in that said compressor bank comprises at least one big compressor and at least one little compressor, and the inspiratory capacity of said big compressor is 4 to 8 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor; Said big compressor and little compressor are when the double stage tandem compression work, and said big compressor places first order compression, and said little compressor places second level compression.

7. the heat pump that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 2 is used is characterized in that, the compression of the said second level is or/and first order compressor for compressing is a frequency-changeable compressor.

8. the heat pump that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 1 is used is characterized in that said control device comprises some magnetic valves, controls through the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank is carried out single-stage parallel connection compression or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization.

9. the heat pump that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 1 is used is characterized in that said low-temperature heat source comprises air or underground water or seawater, and said heated medium comprises water or air or oil.

10. heat pump air conditioner that single twin-stage compression sequence is used; Comprise indoor set, off-premises station; It is characterized in that also comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect through refrigerant line in order, said condenser is arranged in the said indoor set; Said indoor set places air; The off-premises station at said evaporimeter place places air or seawater or underground water, and said compressor bank is connected with a control device, and said control device control compressor bank carries out single-stage parallel connection compression or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization.

11. the heat pump air conditioner that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 10 is used; It is characterized in that; Said compressor bank comprises some compressors; Some compressors carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through the control of said control device or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, and said first order compression comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections, and the compressor that comprises or at least two parallel connections is compressed in the said second level.

12. heat pump air conditioner like claim 10 or 11 described single twin-stage compression sequence uses; It is characterized in that; Said compressor bank comprises a multicylinder compressor, comprises some cylinders in this multicylinder compressor, and some cylinders carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through control device or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression; The compression of the said first order comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the said second level comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections.

13. the heat pump air conditioner that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 12 is used; It is characterized in that; Said compressor bank is when two-stage series connection compresses; Said back one-level refrigerant compressed gas soakage is complementary with previous stage refrigerant compressed gas discharge rate, and defers to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas of suction ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Basically equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p _1;Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle.

14. the heat pump air conditioner that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 13 is used is characterized in that said compressor bank comprises 5-9 compressors, said first order compression comprises the compressor of 4-8 parallel connections.

15. the heat pump air conditioner that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 13 is used is characterized in that said compressor bank comprises at least one big compressor and at least one little compressor, the inspiratory capacity of said big compressor is 4 to 8 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor; Said big compressor and little compressor are when the double stage tandem compression work, and said big compressor places first order compression, and said little compressor places second level compression.

16. the heat pump air conditioner that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 11 is used is characterized in that, the compression of the said second level is or/and first order compressor for compressing is a frequency-changeable compressor.

17. the heat pump air conditioner that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 10 is used; It is characterized in that; Said control device comprises some magnetic valves, controls through the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank is carried out single-stage parallel connection compression or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization.

18. heat-pump hot-water unit that single twin-stage compression sequence is used; Comprise water tank, it is characterized in that, also comprise the condenser, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter and the compressor bank that connect through refrigerant line in order; Said condenser is arranged in the said water tank; The heat sink at said evaporimeter place places air or seawater or underground water, and said compressor bank is connected with a control device, and said control device control compressor bank carries out single-stage parallel connection compression or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization.

19. the heat-pump hot-water unit that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 18 is used; It is characterized in that; Said compressor bank comprises some compressors; Some compressors carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through the control of said control device or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression, and said first order compression comprises the compressor of or at least two parallel connections, and the compressor that comprises or at least two parallel connections is compressed in the said second level.

20. heat-pump hot-water unit like claim 18 or 19 described single twin-stage compression sequence uses; It is characterized in that; Said compressor bank comprises a multicylinder compressor, comprises some cylinders in this multicylinder compressor, and some cylinders carry out single-stage parallel connection compression through control device or are reassembled as first order compression and second level compression series connection compression; The compression of the said first order comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections, and the compression of the said second level comprises the cylinder of or at least two parallel connections.

21. the heat-pump hot-water unit that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 20 is used; It is characterized in that; Said compressor bank is when two-stage series connection compresses; Said back one-level refrigerant compressed gas soakage is complementary with previous stage refrigerant compressed gas discharge rate, and defers to that " second level compression is to the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of the certain volume gas of suction ₂With the Ya Suo Gong ⊿ w of first order compression to the equivalent volumes gas of suction ₁Basically equal; Be second level compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₂Less than first order compression Ya Cha ⊿ p ₁， ⊿ p ₂≈ (0.3～0.8) ⊿ p _1;Also be second level compression ratio ε ₂Be significantly less than first order compression ratio ε ₁" principle.

22. the heat-pump hot-water unit that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 21 is used is characterized in that said compressor bank comprises 5-9 compressors, said first order compression comprises the compressor of 4-8 parallel connections.

23. the heat-pump hot-water unit that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 21 is used is characterized in that said compressor bank comprises at least one big compressor and at least one little compressor, the inspiratory capacity of said big compressor is 4 to 8 times of inspiratory capacity of little compressor; Said big compressor and little compressor are when the double stage tandem compression work, and said big compressor places first order compression, and said little compressor places second level compression.

24. the heat-pump hot-water unit that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 19 is used is characterized in that, the compression of the said second level is or/and first order compressor for compressing is a frequency-changeable compressor.

25. the heat-pump hot-water unit that single twin-stage compression sequence as claimed in claim 18 is used; It is characterized in that; Said control device comprises some magnetic valves, controls through the break-make of each magnetic valve that compressor bank is carried out single-stage parallel connection compression or the two-stage series connection compression is carried out in reorganization.

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