CN102744282A - Die for spiral divided-flow extrusion of magnesium alloy bar - Google Patents
Die for spiral divided-flow extrusion of magnesium alloy bar Download PDFInfo
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- CN102744282A CN102744282A CN2012102501509A CN201210250150A CN102744282A CN 102744282 A CN102744282 A CN 102744282A CN 2012102501509 A CN2012102501509 A CN 2012102501509A CN 201210250150 A CN201210250150 A CN 201210250150A CN 102744282 A CN102744282 A CN 102744282A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a die for the spiral divided-flow extrusion of a magnesium alloy bar. A divided-flow spiral die, an auxiliary spiral die and a straightening die are combined into a whole sequentially from bottom to top. Axial metal circulation channels are arranged in the divided-flow spiral die, the auxiliary spiral die and the straightening die, and the metal circulation channels located on the divided-flow spiral die, the auxiliary spiral die and the straightening die respectively are communicated with each other; and the divided-flow spiral die, the auxiliary spiral die and the straightening die are fixedly connected through a connecting bolt. The metal circulation channels on the divided-flow spiral die and the auxiliary spiral die are in a spiral shape; and the metal circulation channel on the straightening die is a straight channel. The final deformation condition of the alloy of each part of the product is similar, and uniform fine equiaxed grains are formed finally; AZ31 magnesium alloy is subjected to dynamic recrystallization in the divided-flow spiral extrusion hot-extrusion deformation process, and the grains are obviously refined; and through the stroke of 1/4 thread pitch of the channel with diameter of 24mm, the average size of crystal grains is reduced to about 3-5 microns, and the size of the grains is uniform.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the hot-working field, specifically is a kind of mould of spiral shunting extrusion magnesium alloy bar.
Background technology
Magnesium metal and magnesium alloy are to use one of the lightest structural metallic materials on the current engineering; Have that thermal conductivity is good, effectiveness is good, machining property is good, specific strength and specific stiffness is high, damping and many advantages such as damping property is good, accessory size is stable; And magnesium resource is abundant and be easy to again recycle; Be very beneficial for environmental protection and sustainable development; Magnesium resource is again 21 century to give priority to object, and is therefore all very attractive in association areas such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, computer, electronics, communication, automobile and household electric appliances, is described as " 21 century green metal structural material ".Even now; Owing to receive the restriction of factors such as backwardness of preparation, the process technology of material; There is the big gap of tool between the development potentiality of magnesium alloy and the practical application present situation; Factors such as reserves special and magnesium resource form sharp contrast, and the current magnesium alloy especially application quantity of wrought magnesium alloy still lags far behind iron and steel and aluminium alloy.Developing rapidly of modern age boats and ships, traffic, war industry, Aeronautics and Astronautics and high-tech industry; Demand to advanced material with high-performance, lightweight and other excellent combination properties constantly increases; The research and development that impel us to be devoted to novel high-performance magnesium alloy and advanced technology of preparing are the combination property of (like Mg-Re system, Mg-Al-Zn system, Mg-Zn-Zr system etc.) to improve traditional magnesium alloy, thereby satisfy the instructions for use of structural material.Magnesium alloy lightweight bar is need in the high-grade, precision and advanced sci-tech product of weight reduction to be used in Aero-Space etc., especially is applied in requirement of strength and is not in the very high parts, like the blank of some bolts.There is huge gap between its development potentiality and the practical application, therefore presses for the new processing technology of exploitation and make the lightweight bar.
(severe plastic deformation SPD) can crystal grain thinning, improves the magnesium alloy performance for severe plastic deformation.SPD mainly comprise equal channel angular extruding (equal channel angular extrusion, ECAE), the high pressure torsion distortion (high pressure torsion, HPT) and multiway forging (multiple forging, MPF) etc.ECAE becomes the focus of present research, but ECAE has shortcomings such as single pass heavy deformation is little, pushes (corner extruding) such as the magnesium alloy refining that with crystal grain is 30 μ m to 4 ~ 5 passage ECAE of needs below the 10 μ m.Therefore it is extremely important to research and develop new extrusion process.The present invention will propose novel shunting screw extrusion, and like accompanying drawing 1, that is: the straight channel that will shunt mould transform helical duct as, and alloy gets into helical duct through tap hole and getting into straight channel.Under this technology; Because effect makes that the deflection of single pass is bigger when having extruding and reversing metal; The shunting screw extrusion squeezing action of single pass just can obtain the material of fine grain size, thereby can effectively overcome the deficiency that ECAE needs the multi-pass extruding.
In the patent of invention ' equal channel angular rotating extrusion device ' of publication number CN1357420; Narrated a kind of spiral fluted rotation through the screw thread on the similar screw and advanced the mechanical device that extruding combines with traditional equal channel angular, blank is twisting through the corner passage under the acting in conjunction that is installed in cylindrical rod and its frictional force and motive force on the thrust bearing before.Its principle is that alignment pin is stuck in the helicla flute, when having the rotation of spiral fluted bar, bar is moved up and down.The main feature of this method is not to be to use extruder to carry out the hydraulic drive extruding; But make pressure ram under the cooperation of helicla flute and alignment pin, move through rotary power unit; Stub of each production, stub need pass through multi-pass and be processed into thin crystal bar material.Its shortcoming is only to have changed through innovative device the power source of extruding, but not from changing the flowing law of metal in fact, does not have difference in essence with traditional equal channel angular extruding.
In the patent of invention ' manufacturing approach of extruded bar from magnesium alloy ' of publication number CN1695885A; Narrated a kind of method that is used for the extrusion magnesium alloy bar; Its characteristics are that the advantage of this method is that mould structure is simple through the directly extruding of magnesium alloy rod heating back with casting.The shortcoming of this method is that only the degree of grain refinement through alloy after the extruding of certain extrusion ratio is not enough; Because directly the bar of extruding is out of shape inequality everywhere; Cause the material everywhere of bar uneven, crystallite dimension is inhomogeneous, realization be 1 product of each extrusion production.
In the patent of invention ' extrusion die of magnesium alloy square equal-passage spiral cavity for molding and pressing method ' of publication number CN101773946A; Narrated a kind of method that is used for extrusion magnesium alloy square-section bar; Its characteristics are similar with the equal channel angular extruding; Through square magnesium alloy rod is heated with mould in die cavity, with the speed of 2-4mm/s bar is extruded from the mould other end then.The advantage of this method be to a certain degree improvement alloy structure, refinement crystal grain, also make the bar cross section be out of shape evenly everywhere.The shortcoming of this method is only to pass through this mould with blank deformation, and the process of distortion is similar to turns round the twisting pressure to bar, and bar pushes front and back sectional dimension shape invariance, only is applicable to the bar of square-section, also only is used for the production of each 1 bar.
The magnesium alloy bar crystal grain of conventional method processing is thick or inhomogeneous, perhaps need be than the refinement of processing ability alloy grain, mechanical performance and the bad plasticity of multi-pass.
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of mould of spiral shunting extruding preparation high-performance magnesium-alloy lightweight bar.The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of alloy that makes and after through the shunting die orifice, in equal diameter screw type passage, flows; Get into the extrusion die of aligning passage extrusion bar at last, make metal obtain all production of the magnesium alloy rod of even and fine crystalline substance in continuous reversing and shear under the effect simultaneously.This method even if make the extrusion process under less extrusion ratio also can realize the grain refinement of magnesium alloy, thereby improves each item performance of alloy through in processing step, controlling precise parameters.
Summary of the invention
The crystal grain that exists in the prior art is thick in order to overcome, the magnesium alloy lightweight bar production problem of not high, the every mould single-piece production of performance, the present invention proposes a kind of mould of spiral shunting extrusion magnesium alloy bar.
The present invention includes shunting spiral mould, auxiliary spiral mould and flattening die; Said shunting spiral mould, auxiliary spiral mould and flattening die are isometrical cylinder, will shunts spiral mould, auxiliary spiral mould and flattening die and make up from bottom to top successively and be called integral body; In said shunting spiral mould, auxiliary spiral mould and flattening die, axial metal flow circulation passage is arranged, and lay respectively at perforation each other between the metal flow circulation passage on shunting spiral mould, auxiliary spiral mould and the flattening die; To shunt spiral mould, auxiliary spiral mould and flattening die through connecting bolt is connected.
The same footpath straight hole of 4 symmetrical distributions is arranged in the lower surface of shunting spiral mould in the heart, formed the metal flow circulation passage; The center line of described metal flow circulation passage is all parallel with the center line of shunting spiral mould; Lower end in said each metal flow circulation passage is communicated with the spirality metal circulation passage respectively; Each spirality metal circulation passage connects to the upper surface of shunting the spiral mould, and the length of said spirality metal circulation passage is 1/8 pitch;
The same footpath through hole of 4 symmetrical distributions is arranged in the lower surface of auxiliary spiral mould in the heart, is the metal flow circulation passage, and the position of described each metal flow circulation passage with shunt the spiral mould on the position of metal flow circulation passage corresponding; One end of said each metal flow circulation passage respectively with shunting spiral mould on the spirality metal circulation passage be communicated with, the other end is communicated with metal flow circulation passage on the flattening die; The said metal flow circulation passage that is positioned on the auxiliary spiral mould also is spirality, and the length of this spirality metal circulation passage is 1/8 pitch.
The symmetrical in the heart same footpath clear opening that 4 symmetrical distributions are arranged in the flattening die lower surface; Be the metal flow circulation passage; And the position of spirality metal circulation passage is corresponding on the position of described each metal flow circulation passage and the auxiliary spiral mould, on the said flattening die end of each metal flow circulation passage respectively with auxiliary spiral mould on the metal flow circulation passage be communicated with.
During use; Mould endoporus brush graphite water after assembling; And near outlet, smear animal fat or machine oil; A homogenising was accomplished in blank heating to 420 ℃ insulation in 12 hours handled to reach the blank interior tissue and be cooled to 380 ℃ of insulations more than 1 hour after evenly, play the uniform prerequisite of distortion blank material.The operating temperature of mould and recipient is 350 ℃.With the AZ31 magnesium alloy of the finishing dealing with recipient of packing into; Pressure ram initial compression speed is made as 4mm/s; Treat that the alloy branch flows into and extrusion speed is heightened to 5mm/s after the helical duct, treat behind the about 50mm of extrusion bar length extrusion speed is heightened the remain a constant speed extruding of whole blank of completion to 6mm/s.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 have provided alloy grain refined model and the process in the shunting screw extrusion tap hole.Among the present invention, when blank just got into tap hole, most of crystal grain was original as cast condition crystal grain; Crystal grain is very thick, reverse with shear stress in effect down, crystal grain begins to take place fragmentation and a spot of dynamic recrystallization; Because limited strain; This moment, microstructure was inhomogeneous, and new crystal grain mainly forms with the crystal boundary place in shear band, so cause the small grains that distributing on the crystal boundary of original structure.Continuous in tap hole along with metal flow, when reversing the entering helical duct uniformly, crystal grain also rotates and is bearing shear strain, dynamic recrystallization further takes place in deformable material.Through handing over slippage and climbing slippage, pile-up of dislocation is increasing, finally causes dislocation rearrangement, and the appearance of substructure instigates wide-angle crystal grain constantly to form.Accumulated a large amount of deformation energy storage under the large deformation condition, serious distortion takes place in lattice, can also produce a large amount of nucleus in higher zone, position, and most of crystal grain all is broken into tiny recrystallized structure.Because the metal in helical duct has non axial property, therefore need aligning, i.e. alloy entering aligning passage is aligned, and forms product at last.The final distortion situation of product each several part alloy has approximation, so the final evenly tiny equi-axed crystal that forms is 380 ℃ in AZ31 magnesium alloy blank deformation temperature, extrusion speed is 3mms
-1, dynamic recrystallization has taken place in the AZ31 magnesium alloy in shunting screw extrusion hot extrusion deformation process, significantly refinement crystal grain, be the passage 1/4 pitch stroke of 24mm through diameter, average crystal grain is reduced to about 3-5 μ m, and homogeneous grain size.As shown in Figure 7.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a three-dimensional structure sketch map of the present invention; Wherein: Fig. 1 a is a perspective view, and Fig. 1 b is the structural representation of a metal flow circulation passage among the present invention, and Fig. 1 c is the structural representation of four metal flow circulation passage among the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is structural representations of the present invention; Wherein: Fig. 2 a is a vertical view of the present invention, and Fig. 2 b is that the A of Fig. 2 a is to view; Fig. 2 c is that the B of Fig. 2 a is to view.
Accompanying drawing 3 is structural representations of shunting spiral mould; Wherein: Fig. 3 a is the bottom view of shunting spiral mould; Fig. 3 b is that the D of Fig. 3 a is to view; Fig. 3 c is that the C of Fig. 3 a is to view; Fig. 3 d is the 3-D view that helps the spiral mould.
Accompanying drawing 6 is extrusion process metal flow shaping sketch mapes;
Accompanying drawing 7 is grain refinement process sketch mapes;
Accompanying drawing 8 is micro-organization charts of extruded product.Among the figure:
1. shunting spiral mould 2. is assisted spiral mould 3. flattening dies 4. alignment pins 5. connecting bolts 6. blanks
The specific embodiment
Present embodiment is the mould that magnesium alloy lightweight bar is made in a kind of spiral shunting extruding, and the width that is used to be shaped is that diameter is the AZ31 magnesium alloy pole material of 24mm, and the extruder tonnage that forming process adopts is 630t.Adopt the H13 hot die steel to make mould and all the other compression tools.
As shown in Figure 1.Present embodiment comprises shunting spiral mould 1, auxiliary spiral mould 2 and flattening die 3.Said shunting spiral mould 1, auxiliary spiral mould 2 and flattening die 3 are the isometrical cylinder of processing with H13; Make up from bottom to top according to the order of shunting spiral mould 1, auxiliary spiral mould 2 and flattening die 3 and to be called integral body, formed the mould that magnesium alloy lightweight bar is made in the alleged spiral shunting extruding of present embodiment.In said shunting spiral mould 1, auxiliary spiral mould 2 and flattening die 3, axial metal flow circulation passage is arranged, and lay respectively between the metal flow circulation passage on shunting spiral mould 1, auxiliary spiral mould 2 and the flattening die 3 and connect each other.To shunt spiral mould 1, auxiliary spiral mould 2 and flattening die 3 through connecting bolt 5 is connected.
As shown in Figure 2, shunting spiral mould 1 is a cylinder.In the lower surface of shunting spiral mould the diameter of 4 symmetrical distributions being arranged in the heart is that 24mm, length are the straight hole of 10mm, has formed the metal flow circulation passage.The diameter of inlet that this metal flow circulation passage is positioned at the lower surface of shunting spiral mould 1 is 48mm, at this metal inlet place 90 ° of circular arc chamferings is arranged, and the cambered surface that this chamfering forms is the flow surface of metal, can prevent that metal from piling up in the porch.The center line of described metal flow circulation passage is all parallel with the center line of shunting spiral mould 1.Lower end in said each metal flow circulation passage is communicated with spiral metal flow circulation passage respectively.Each spirality metal circulation passage connects to the upper surface of shunting spiral mould 1, and the length of said spirality metal circulation passage is 1/8 pitch.The pitch of spirality metal circulation passage is 560mm in the present embodiment, and the nominal diameter of spiral shell shape line is 70mm.
On the circumference at shunting outer rim place, spiral mould 1 upper surface, be symmetrically distributed with two screwed holes and two pin-and-holes, and two screwed holes symmetrical distributions, be used to install connecting bolt 5; Two pin-and-holes are symmetrically distributed, and are used for installing and locating pin 4.Described screwed hole and pin-and-hole are blind hole.
The outside of the spirality metal circulation passage on auxiliary spiral mould 2 is symmetrically distributed with a pair of screw vent and a pair of pin-and-hole, and two screwed holes symmetrical distributions, is used to install connecting bolt 5; Two pin-and-holes are symmetrically distributed, and are used for installing and locating pin 4.The center line of said screw vent and pin-and-hole is all symmetrical with the axis of auxiliary spiral mould 2.
Flattening die 3 is a cylinder.Symmetry has 4 through holes with the footpath in the heart in flattening die 3 lower surfaces; Be the metal flow circulation passage; And the position of spirality metal circulation passage is corresponding on the position of described each metal flow circulation passage and the auxiliary spiral mould 2, and on the flattening die 3 each metal flow circulation passage an end respectively with auxiliary spiral mould 2 on the metal flow circulation passage be communicated with.The said metal flow circulation passage that is positioned on the auxiliary spiral mould 2 is a clear opening.
The outside of the metal flow circulation passage on flattening die 3 also is symmetrically distributed with a pair of screw vent and a pair of pin-and-hole that counterbore is arranged, and two screwed holes symmetrical distributions, is used to install connecting bolt 5; Two pin-and-holes are symmetrically distributed, and are used for installing and locating pin 4.The center line of said screw vent and pin-and-hole is all symmetrical with the axis of auxiliary spiral mould 2.
When processing shunting spiral mould 1 and auxiliary spiral mould 2, on Digit Control Machine Tool, adopt the pin drill bit to press the size inferior processing helix holes of boring from two end faces, the helix inner hole wall after Digit Control Machine Tool is processed is stepped more, and polish with diamond flexible grinding rope the back.With after the assembling of 3 mould main members with whole draw-bore and bolt datum hole after the simple and easy adhesion of unitary mould.
Graphite water is brushed at the mould endoporus in present embodiment assembling back, and near outlet, smears animal fat or machine oil, and the blank 6 of the AZ31 magnesium alloy of employing is Φ 92mm * 450mm.Blank 6 is heated to 420 ℃ of insulations accomplished homogenising in 12 hours and handle to reach the blank interior tissue and be cooled to 380 ℃ of insulations more than 1 hour after evenly, play the uniform prerequisite of distortion blank material.The operating temperature of mould and recipient is 350 ℃.With the AZ31 magnesium alloy of the finishing dealing with recipient of packing into; Pressure ram initial compression speed is made as 4mm/s; Treat that the alloy branch flows into and extrusion speed is heightened to 5mm/s after the helical duct, treat behind the about 50mm of extrusion bar length extrusion speed is heightened the remain a constant speed extruding of whole blank of completion to 6mm/s.The bar uniform crystal particles that this method is produced is tiny, like Fig. 7.
Claims (1)
1. the mould of a spiral shunting extrusion magnesium alloy bar is characterized in that, comprises shunting spiral mould, auxiliary spiral mould and flattening die; Said shunting spiral mould, auxiliary spiral mould and flattening die are isometrical cylinder, will shunts spiral mould, auxiliary spiral mould and flattening die and make up from bottom to top successively and be called integral body; In said shunting spiral mould, auxiliary spiral mould and flattening die, axial metal flow circulation passage is arranged, and lay respectively at perforation each other between the metal flow circulation passage on shunting spiral mould, auxiliary spiral mould and the flattening die; To shunt spiral mould, auxiliary spiral mould and flattening die through connecting bolt is connected;
The same footpath straight hole of 4 symmetrical distributions is arranged in the lower surface of shunting spiral mould in the heart, formed the metal flow circulation passage; The center line of described metal flow circulation passage is all parallel with the center line of shunting spiral mould; Lower end in said each metal flow circulation passage is communicated with the spirality metal circulation passage respectively; Each spirality metal circulation passage connects to the upper surface of shunting the spiral mould, and the length of said spirality metal circulation passage is 1/8 pitch;
The same footpath through hole of 4 symmetrical distributions is arranged in the lower surface of auxiliary spiral mould in the heart, is the metal flow circulation passage, and the position of described each metal flow circulation passage with shunt the spiral mould on the position of metal flow circulation passage corresponding; One end of said each metal flow circulation passage respectively with shunting spiral mould on the spirality metal circulation passage be communicated with, the other end is communicated with metal flow circulation passage on the flattening die; The said metal flow circulation passage that is positioned on the auxiliary spiral mould also is spirality, and the length of this spirality metal circulation passage is 1/8 pitch;
The symmetrical in the heart same footpath clear opening that 4 symmetrical distributions are arranged in the flattening die lower surface; Be the metal flow circulation passage; And the position of spirality metal circulation passage is corresponding on the position of described each metal flow circulation passage and the auxiliary spiral mould, on the said flattening die end of each metal flow circulation passage respectively with auxiliary spiral mould on the metal flow circulation passage be communicated with.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105728493A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-06 | 湖南大学 | Composite large plastic deformation device for combined type twisting and extruding pier and forming method |
CN108941234A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-12-07 | 扬州瑞斯乐复合金属材料有限公司 | A kind of control method of the extruded velocity of microchannel aluminium flat conduit |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105728493A (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2016-07-06 | 湖南大学 | Composite large plastic deformation device for combined type twisting and extruding pier and forming method |
CN105728493B (en) * | 2016-03-11 | 2017-10-24 | 湖南大学 | A kind of combined type, which is turned round, squeezes the compound large plastometric set device of pier and manufacturing process |
CN108941234A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-12-07 | 扬州瑞斯乐复合金属材料有限公司 | A kind of control method of the extruded velocity of microchannel aluminium flat conduit |
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Application publication date: 20121024 |