CN102733900B - 用于计量系统的加热装置 - Google Patents

用于计量系统的加热装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN102733900B
CN102733900B CN201210104030.8A CN201210104030A CN102733900B CN 102733900 B CN102733900 B CN 102733900B CN 201210104030 A CN201210104030 A CN 201210104030A CN 102733900 B CN102733900 B CN 102733900B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
heater
heating element
previously given
urea
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201210104030.8A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN102733900A (zh
Inventor
E.施帕希克
M.哈姆齐克
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of CN102733900A publication Critical patent/CN102733900A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN102733900B publication Critical patent/CN102733900B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
    • H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F01N2610/105—Control thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1486—Means to prevent the substance from freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0412—Methods of control or diagnosing using pre-calibrated maps, tables or charts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/18—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
    • F01N2900/1806—Properties of reducing agent or dosing system
    • F01N2900/1811—Temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于液态的介质尤其尿素水溶液用的计量系统的加热装置，其特征在于，该加热装置包括至少一个加热元件（210、220），所述加热元件（210、220）在供电电压的能够预先给定的电压范围内并且在所述液态的介质的能够预先给定的温度范围内提供能够预先给定的加热功率。

Description

用于计量系统的加热装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于液态的介质用的计量系统的加热装置。
背景技术
为了能够在机动车上遵守用于氧化氮的排放极限值，自一些时间以来使用废气后处理机构，所述废气后处理机构对包含在内燃机的原排放中的氧化氮进行选择性催化还原（Selective Catalytic Reduction-SCR）。这种用于进行废气净化的所谓的SCR方法从现有技术中为人所知，从而可以放弃在这些方法中进行的化学过程的详细解释。
这样的废气后处理机构的实例从DE 10 2006 012 855 A1中得到公开。在该专利文件中将含水的尿素溶液储存在储罐中并且根据需要由计量泵借助于计量阀喷入到内燃机的排气管中。
现今常用的液态的还原剂按所添加的防护剂在温度处于-11°与-40°之间时凝固。因为在温度较低时也必须减少有害物质，所以首先必须给所述还原剂解冻。对于轿车来说，为此目的在所述计量系统的储罐中使用电加热装置。光是这样的用来快速地实现凝固的还原剂的解冻的加热装置之所以不可放弃，是因为所述SCR系统根据法律规定在温度较低时也必须在预先给定的时间之内可以投入使用。
这些电加热装置在特定的条件下比如由于短路、错误的数据输入或者类似情况而导致液态的介质的过热或者甚至导致整个输送模块的过热。结束损害会导致系统失灵，而系统失灵又会导致废气排放增加。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是，介绍一种用于计量系统的加热装置，通过该加热装置来避免前面提到的故障情况。
该任务通过一种具有权利要求1所述特征的用于计量系统的加热装置得到解决。本发明的基本构思是，设置了至少一个加热元件，所述加热元件在机动车的供电电压的能够预先给定的电压范围内并且在所述液态的介质的能够预先给定的温度范围内提供能够预先给定的加热功率。通过这种方式可以避免过热，另一方面在温度很低时也能够实现快速的解冻和加热功能，其即使在温度较低时也将计量剂保持在所期望的温度上。
通过在从属权利要求中所列举的措施，可以实现在独立权利要求中所说明的加热装置的有利的拓展方案和改进方案。因此一种有利的实施方式比如规定，所述至少一个加热元件是构造为网格状或者曲折的加热元件，也就是所谓的基础网格加热器（Base-Grid-Heater）。
一种特别有利的实施方式设置了两个并联的加热元件尤其两个构造为网格状或者曲折的加热元件，也就是两个所谓的网格加热器。由此避免这一点，即出现所述输送模块的过热或者加热运行在出现不允许的高温时中断。通过所述两个加热元件尤其也实现很短的解冻时间。
在此优选如此选择预先给定的温度范围，使得其从尿素水溶液的-40℃一直延伸到其+20℃。在此如此选择所述加热元件，使得其提供最大120℃的加热器温度。
如此选择所述电压范围，使得其在使用12V电压供给的情况下从8V延伸到16V并且在使用24V电压供给的情况下从16V延伸到32V。由此覆盖在机动车中由于部分放电的电池而出现的电压范围。
附图说明
本发明的实施例在附图中示出并且在下面的描述中进行详细解释。附图示出如下：
图1是SCR催化器系统的从现有技术中熟知的计量装置的示意图，并且
图2按本发明的加热装置的加热元件。
具体实施方式
图1以示意性的方式示出了SCR催化器系统的熟知的组件。在仅仅示意性地示出的内燃机11的排气系10中布置了SCR催化器12，该SCR催化器12通过选择性催化还原（SCR）来有选择地降低废气中的氮氧化物。在这种反应中作为还原剂来使用氨（NH3）。因为氨是有毒的物质，所以从无毒的载体物质尿素中提取这种物质。尿素作为液态的尿素水溶液通过计量装置13比如计量阀根据需要喷射到所述SCR催化器12上游的排气系10中。所述尿素水溶液储存在还原剂罐14中。为了取出尿素溶液，设置了吸入管路15。溶液的取出借助于输送泵16来进行，从而将压力管路17中的液态的溶液和压力传导给所述计量装置13并且喷射到所述排气系10中。
所述还原剂罐14配备了加热装置18，该加热装置18包括至少一个加热元件尤其两个加热元件，下面还要详细对其进行解释。所述加热装置18通过控制仪19借助于功率开关20来触发。该功率开关20通过控制线21与所述控制仪19相连接。所述加热装置18通过信号线22与所述控制仪19相连接，通过所述信号线22将能够测量的表征所述加热装置18的加热元件上的电流变化的参量传输给所述控制仪19。还原剂罐中的温度可以以本身已知的方式借助于所述加热元件来检测。这些参量尤其能够在所述加热元件上测量的电流和/或电压和/或电阻通过线路22输送给所述控制仪19。在图2中示意性地示出了所述加热装置18的两个并联的加热元件。这两个加热元件210、220中的每一个分别是曲折的或者网格状的加热元件，也就是所谓的网格加热器，这些加热元件拥有单独的连接端子211、212、221、222。如此设计所述加热元件，从而在能够预先给定的电压范围内并且在所述尿素水溶液的能够预先给定的温度范围内提供能够预先给定的加热功率，其中所述能够预先给定的电压范围在使用12V电压供应的情况下从8V延伸到16V并且在使用24V电压供应的情况下从16V延伸到32V，并且其中所述尿素水溶液的能够预先给定的温度范围优选在-40℃与+20℃之间延伸。为此相应地选择并且设计所述加热元件的电阻，用于保证解冻及加热功能的完整的电压及温度范围。因此在出现电气短路的情况下也不会出现输送模块的过热。在此如此选择所述加热温度，使得其一直延伸到最大120℃。

Claims (5)

1.加热装置，用于尿素水溶液的计量系统，其特征在于，该加热装置包括至少一个加热元件（210、220），所述加热元件（210、220）在供电电压的能够预先给定的电压范围内及在所述尿素水溶液的能够预先给定的温度范围内提供能够预先给定的加热功率，其中所述至少一个加热元件是网格状或者曲折的加热元件（210、220），该加热元件拥有单独的连接端子（211、212、221、222），其中所述加热装置通过控制仪（19）借助于功率开关（20）来触发。
2.按权利要求1所述的加热装置，其特征在于，设置了两个并联的加热元件（210、220）。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的加热装置，其特征在于，选择该加热装置，使得其能够用在所述尿素水溶液的-40℃到+20℃的温度范围内。
4.按权利要求3所述的加热装置，其特征在于，所述加热装置提供最大高达120℃的加热器温度。
5.按权利要求1所述的加热装置，其特征在于，在使用12V电压供给的情况下所述电压范围从8V延伸到16V并且在使用24V电压供给的情况下电压范围从16V延伸到32V。
CN201210104030.8A 2011-04-12 2012-04-11 用于计量系统的加热装置 Expired - Fee Related CN102733900B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011007184.9 2011-04-12
DE102011007184A DE102011007184A1 (de) 2011-04-12 2011-04-12 Heizung für ein Dosiersystem

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN102733900A CN102733900A (zh) 2012-10-17
CN102733900B true CN102733900B (zh) 2017-08-08

Family

ID=46935297

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201210104030.8A Expired - Fee Related CN102733900B (zh) 2011-04-12 2012-04-11 用于计量系统的加热装置

Country Status (4)

Country Link
CN (1) CN102733900B (zh)
DE (1) DE102011007184A1 (zh)
FR (1) FR2974145B1 (zh)
IN (1) IN2012DE00506A (zh)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014107519A1 (de) * 2014-05-28 2015-12-03 Emitec France S.A.S Heizung für eine Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung eines flüssigen Additivs
FR3059417B1 (fr) 2016-11-30 2020-11-06 Plastic Omnium Advanced Innovation & Res Methode d'estimation d'un volume decongele present sous forme liquide dans un reservoir.
DE102017203283A1 (de) * 2017-03-01 2018-09-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heizeinrichtung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1370261A (zh) * 1999-06-16 2002-09-18 戴维·塞兹 流体加热及控制系统
EP1505292A2 (en) * 2003-08-05 2005-02-09 ELTEK S.p.A. Device for heating a fluid used in a motor vehicle, in particular a fuel
CN101755481A (zh) * 2007-07-26 2010-06-23 因勒纪汽车系统研究公司 使用电阻性加热元件加热scr系统中至少一个部件的方法

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10251588A1 (de) * 2002-11-06 2004-05-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Nachbehandlung des Abgases einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE102006012855A1 (de) 2006-03-21 2007-09-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Dosiersystem zur Schadstoffreduktion in Kraftfahrzeugabgasen
JPWO2009008408A1 (ja) * 2007-07-06 2010-09-09 三井金属鉱業株式会社 液体凝固点識別装置、およびそれを用いた液体貯留タンクの凝固防止装置、ならびに自動車の排気ガスの低減装置
DE102008005196A1 (de) * 2008-01-18 2009-07-23 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Tankentnahmesystem mit elektrischer und fluidischer Heizvorrichtung
US20100078426A1 (en) * 2008-10-01 2010-04-01 Bob Xiaobin Li Apparatus and method for maintaining a urea solution in a liquid state for treatment of diesel exhaust
DE102009041749B4 (de) * 2009-09-16 2013-02-07 Beru Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Heizelements in einem Kraftfahrzeug durch Pulsweitenmodulation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1370261A (zh) * 1999-06-16 2002-09-18 戴维·塞兹 流体加热及控制系统
EP1505292A2 (en) * 2003-08-05 2005-02-09 ELTEK S.p.A. Device for heating a fluid used in a motor vehicle, in particular a fuel
CN101755481A (zh) * 2007-07-26 2010-06-23 因勒纪汽车系统研究公司 使用电阻性加热元件加热scr系统中至少一个部件的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2974145B1 (fr) 2017-05-05
CN102733900A (zh) 2012-10-17
FR2974145A1 (fr) 2012-10-19
IN2012DE00506A (zh) 2015-06-05
DE102011007184A1 (de) 2012-10-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103089380B (zh) 电加热的NOx吸附剂催化剂
US8234854B2 (en) System and method for heating a reducing agent associated with a reducing agent distribution system
CN102996209B (zh) 用于内燃机的排气处理系统
CN103016112B (zh) 一种选择性催化还原尿素溶液喷射量控制方法及系统
CN102287252B (zh) 选择性催化还原(scr)催化剂耗尽控制系统和方法
CN103321723B (zh) 具有固态氨气产生材料的排气处理系统
CN101922330A (zh) 排气净化系统
US20140360162A1 (en) Voltage control system for heating a selective catalyst reduction device
CN103748329B (zh) 用于基于尿素的系统的冷起动启动单元
CN103016111B (zh) 基于发动机关闭nh3的选择性催化还原nox吸附剂
CN102817674B (zh) 电加热的碳氢化合物(hc)吸附剂
CN102733900B (zh) 用于计量系统的加热装置
CN102465738A (zh) NOx吸附器再生系统和方法
US8357332B2 (en) Device and method for evaporating a reactant
WO2009060866A1 (ja) ハイブリッド電気自動車の排気浄化装置
CN103147829B (zh) 确定还原剂的最大配给速率的系统和方法
CN110552764B (zh) 尿素沉积物生长热管理
CN101806237A (zh) 废气净化设备
CN106460607A (zh) 用于在喷射尝试之前解冻还原剂喷射器和还原剂罐的技术
KR20120113299A (ko) 환원제 이송 장치의 작동 방법
CN102787894B (zh) 排气处理方法和系统
CN102852602A (zh) 一种车辆用scr系统
WO2009016098A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur selektiven katalytischen reduktion von stickoxiden in einem sauerstoffhaltigen abgas eines verbrennungsmotors, insbesondere eines dieselmotors
US20140166636A1 (en) Method for heating an scr system using two resistive heating elements
WO2009053638A3 (fr) Procede de gestion d'injection d'uree dans un systeme a reduction catalytique selective

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20170808

Termination date: 20200411