CN102733900A - 用于计量系统的加热装置 - Google Patents

用于计量系统的加热装置 Download PDF

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CN102733900A
CN102733900A CN2012101040308A CN201210104030A CN102733900A CN 102733900 A CN102733900 A CN 102733900A CN 2012101040308 A CN2012101040308 A CN 2012101040308A CN 201210104030 A CN201210104030 A CN 201210104030A CN 102733900 A CN102733900 A CN 102733900A
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CN102733900B (zh
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E.施帕希克
M.哈姆齐克
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating
    • H05B3/82—Fixedly-mounted immersion heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F01N2610/105—Control thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1486—Means to prevent the substance from freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0412—Methods of control or diagnosing using pre-calibrated maps, tables or charts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/18—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
    • F01N2900/1806—Properties of reducing agent or dosing system
    • F01N2900/1811—Temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/021—Heaters specially adapted for heating liquids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于液态的介质尤其尿素水溶液用的计量系统的加热装置，其特征在于，该加热装置包括至少一个加热元件（210、220），所述加热元件（210、220）在供电电压的能够预先给定的电压范围内并且在所述液态的介质的能够预先给定的温度范围内提供能够预先给定的加热功率。

Description

用于计量系统的加热装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于液态的介质用的计量系统的加热装置。
背景技术
为了能够在机动车上遵守用于氧化氮的排放极限值，自一些时间以来使用废气后处理机构，所述废气后处理机构对包含在内燃机的原排放中的氧化氮进行选择性催化还原（Selective Catalytic Reduction-SCR）。这种用于进行废气净化的所谓的SCR方法从现有技术中为人所知，从而可以放弃在这些方法中进行的化学过程的详细解释。
这样的废气后处理机构的实例从DE 10 2006 012 855 A1中得到公开。在该专利文件中将含水的尿素溶液储存在储罐中并且根据需要由计量泵借助于计量阀喷入到内燃机的排气管中。
现今常用的液态的还原剂按所添加的防护剂在温度处于-11°与-40°之间时凝固。因为在温度较低时也必须减少有害物质，所以首先必须给所述还原剂解冻。对于轿车来说，为此目的在所述计量系统的储罐中使用电加热装置。光是这样的用来快速地实现凝固的还原剂的解冻的加热装置之所以不可放弃，是因为所述SCR系统根据法律规定在温度较低时也必须在预先给定的时间之内可以投入使用。
这些电加热装置在特定的条件下比如由于短路、错误的数据输入或者类似情况而导致液态的介质的过热或者甚至导致整个输送模块的过热。结束损害会导致系统失灵，而系统失灵又会导致废气排放增加。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务是，介绍一种用于计量系统的加热装置，通过该加热装置来避免前面提到的故障情况。
该任务通过一种具有权利要求1所述特征的用于计量系统的加热装置得到解决。本发明的基本构思是，设置了至少一个加热元件，所述加热元件在机动车的供电电压的能够预先给定的电压范围内并且在所述液态的介质的能够预先给定的温度范围内提供能够预先给定的加热功率。通过这种方式可以避免过热，另一方面在温度很低时也能够实现快速的解冻和加热功能，其即使在温度较低时也将计量剂保持在所期望的温度上。
通过在从属权利要求中所列举的措施，可以实现在独立权利要求中所说明的加热装置的有利的拓展方案和改进方案。因此一种有利的实施方式比如规定，所述至少一个加热元件是构造为网格状或者曲折的加热元件，也就是所谓的基础网格加热器（Base-Grid-Heater）。
一种特别有利的实施方式设置了两个并联的加热元件尤其两个构造为网格状或者曲折的加热元件，也就是两个所谓的网格加热器。由此避免这一点，即出现所述输送模块的过热或者加热运行在出现不允许的高温时中断。通过所述两个加热元件尤其也实现很短的解冻时间。
在此优选如此选择预先给定的温度范围，使得其从尿素水溶液的-40℃一直延伸到其+20℃。在此如此选择所述加热元件，使得其提供最大120℃的加热器温度。
如此选择所述电压范围，使得其在使用12V电压供给的情况下从8V延伸到16V并且在使用24V电压供给的情况下从16V延伸到32V。由此覆盖在机动车中由于部分放电的电池而出现的电压范围。
附图说明
本发明的实施例在附图中示出并且在下面的描述中进行详细解释。附图示出如下：
图1是SCR催化器系统的从现有技术中熟知的计量装置的示意图，并且
图2按本发明的加热装置的加热元件。
具体实施方式
图1以示意性的方式示出了SCR催化器系统的熟知的组件。在仅仅示意性地示出的内燃机11的排气系10中布置了SCR催化器12，该SCR催化器12通过选择性催化还原（SCR）来有选择地降低废气中的氮氧化物。在这种反应中作为还原剂来使用氨（NH3）。因为氨是有毒的物质，所以从无毒的载体物质尿素中提取这种物质。尿素作为液态的尿素水溶液通过计量装置13比如计量阀根据需要喷射到所述SCR催化器12上游的排气系10中。所述尿素水溶液储存在还原剂罐14中。为了取出尿素溶液，设置了吸入管路15。溶液的取出借助于输送泵16来进行，从而将压力管路17中的液态的溶液和压力传导给所述计量装置13并且喷射到所述排气系10中。
所述还原剂罐14配备了加热装置18，该加热装置18包括至少一个加热元件尤其两个加热元件，下面还要详细对其进行解释。所述加热装置18通过控制仪19借助于功率开关20来触发。该功率开关20通过控制线21与所述控制仪19相连接。所述加热装置18通过信号线22与所述控制仪19相连接，通过所述信号线22将能够测量的表征所述加热装置18的加热元件上的电流变化的参量传输给所述控制仪19。还原剂罐中的温度可以以本身已知的方式借助于所述加热元件来检测。这些参量尤其能够在所述加热元件上测量的电流和/或电压和/或电阻通过线路22输送给所述控制仪19。在图2中示意性地示出了所述加热装置18的两个并联的加热元件。这两个加热元件210、220中的每一个分别是曲折的或者网格状的加热元件，也就是所谓的网格加热器，这些加热元件拥有单独的连接端子211、212、221、222。如此设计所述加热元件，从而在能够预先给定的电压范围内并且在所述尿素水溶液的能够预先给定的温度范围内提供能够预先给定的加热功率，其中所述能够预先给定的电压范围在使用12V电压供应的情况下从8V延伸到16V并且在使用24V电压供应的情况下从16V延伸到32V，并且其中所述尿素水溶液的能够预先给定的温度范围优选在-40℃与+20℃之间延伸。为此相应地选择并且设计所述加热元件的电阻，用于保证解冻及加热功能的完整的电压及温度范围。因此在出现电气短路的情况下也不会出现输送模块的过热。在此如此选择所述加热温度，使得其一直延伸到最大120℃。

Claims (6)

1.加热装置，用于液态的介质尤其尿素水溶液的计量系统，其特征在于，该加热装置包括至少一个加热元件（210、220），所述加热元件（210、220）在供电电压的能够预先给定的电压范围内及在所述液态的介质的能够预先给定的温度范围内提供能够预先给定的加热功率。
2.按权利要求1所述的加热装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个加热元件是网格状或者曲折的加热元件（210、220）。
3.按权利要求1所述的加热装置，其特征在于，设置了两个并联的加热元件（210、220）。
4.按权利要求1到3中任一项所述的加热装置，其特征在于，选择该加热装置，使得其能够用在所述尿素水溶液的-40℃到+20℃的温度范围内。
5.按权利要求4所述的加热装置，其特征在于，所述加热装置提供最大高达120℃的加热器温度。
6.按权利要求1所述的加热装置，其特征在于，在使用12V电压供给的情况下所述电压范围从8V延伸到16V并且在使用24V电压供给的情况下电压范围从16V延伸到32V。
CN201210104030.8A 2011-04-12 2012-04-11 用于计量系统的加热装置 Expired - Fee Related CN102733900B (zh)

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CN106460609A (zh) * 2014-05-28 2017-02-22 大陆汽车有限公司 用于提供液态添加剂的装置的加热机构
CN109964103A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2019-07-02 全耐塑料高级创新研究公司 用于估计以液态存在于储箱中的解冻体积的方法

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US20090183778A1 (en) * 2008-01-18 2009-07-23 Dbk David + Baader Gmbh Tank withdrawal system with electric and fluidic heating device
US20100078426A1 (en) * 2008-10-01 2010-04-01 Bob Xiaobin Li Apparatus and method for maintaining a urea solution in a liquid state for treatment of diesel exhaust
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CN106460609A (zh) * 2014-05-28 2017-02-22 大陆汽车有限公司 用于提供液态添加剂的装置的加热机构
CN109964103A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2019-07-02 全耐塑料高级创新研究公司 用于估计以液态存在于储箱中的解冻体积的方法
US10975751B2 (en) 2016-11-30 2021-04-13 Plastic Omnium Advanced Innovation And Research Method for estimating a thawed volume present in liquid form in a tank

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FR2974145A1 (fr) 2012-10-19
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CN102733900B (zh) 2017-08-08
DE102011007184A1 (de) 2012-10-18

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