CN102729101B - Composite processing technology and device for solid particle grinding fluid - Google Patents
Composite processing technology and device for solid particle grinding fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN102729101B CN102729101B CN201210208584.2A CN201210208584A CN102729101B CN 102729101 B CN102729101 B CN 102729101B CN 201210208584 A CN201210208584 A CN 201210208584A CN 102729101 B CN102729101 B CN 102729101B
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
- Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a solid particle grinding fluid composite processing technology and a device, comprising an oil tank, wherein the oil tank is connected with an ultrasonic vibration generator through an electromagnet; a coarse grain diameter area, a medium grain diameter area and a fine grain diameter area are arranged in the oil tank, and each area is provided with a corresponding oil supply port and is connected with a corresponding hydraulic pipeline; the hydraulic pipeline is connected with the electromagnetic directional valve, the outlet of the electromagnetic directional valve is connected with the slurry pump and the overflow valve through the hydraulic pipeline, and the overflow valve is connected with the ultrasonic vibration nozzle through the metal hose; the ultrasonic vibration sounder and the electromagnet are both connected with the controller. The grinding and polishing device is used for continuously carrying out grinding, polishing and online sharpening of the grinding wheel, fully utilizes the advantages that solid particles have stronger cooling performance and impact processing capacity, effectively solves grinding burn, improves the surface integrity and processing precision of workpieces, realizes low-carbon green clean production with high efficiency, low consumption, environmental friendliness and resource conservation, and has significance in lifting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the combined machining method in a kind of field of machining and device, particularly relate to a kind of solid particle grinding fluid complex machining process and device.
Background technology
In plain grinding, due to high temperature with roll the workpiece surface excessive material plastic deformation of generation, micro-crack, residual stress and superficial layer pollution etc., blemish layer can be formed on workpiece, increase surface roughness and percent ripple.This will affect part fatigue strength, etch resistant properties and contact stiffness, make part can not meet higher instructions for use.Therefore, strength member needs the Polishing machining carrying out removal blemish layer, reduction roughness and percent ripple after grinding.
From enhanced heat exchange theory, the heat-transfer capability of solid is much larger than liquids and gases.The thermal conductivity factor of solid material tens times even hundreds of times larger than fluent material under normal temperature.Be suspended with metal, nonmetal or polymer solid particles the thermal conductivity factor of liquid larger than neat liquid many.In grinding medium, add solid particle, aluminium oxide, carborundum, silicon nitride, diamond, cubic boron nitride abrasive materials as generally adopted in Polishing machining can increase the thermal conductivity factor of grinding medium further, improve the ability of convective heat transfer.
For this reason, applicant's earlier application No. 201010004222.2 Nanometer Grinding techniques and nanometer grinding liquid patent, solid particle adds in grinding medium by it makes solid particle grinding fluid, and namely solid particle mixes with certain volume fractional content proportioning with grinding fluid (mineral oil or emulsion).
But at present, grinding and this two procedures of Polishing machining need to carry out on different devices, this not only adds man-hour and cost, and workpiece are in transmitting procedure, its surface easily occurs unnecessary to knock against hard, scratch, and has influence on crudy and the accuracy of form and position on surface.The grinding of workpiece with the major reason that Polishing machining can not carry out on the same device continuously is: two operations medium used is different, need during grinding to have injected cooling, lubricated and the grinding fluid of cleaning action, Polishing machining then needs the polishing liquid injecting abrasive material and fluid chemical field, and the current device still not having to realize the grinding process equipment integrated with polishing and these two kinds of machining liquid mediums can be supplied simultaneously in an equipment.If assemble two cover liquid feed devices on same grinding machine, both inconvenience was installed, and was also awkward, also can increases equipment cost and operating cost.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly can not arrange problem on the same device for solving current grinding and Polishing machining, a kind of solid particle grinding fluid complex machining process and device are provided, the solid particle grinding fluid of splendid attire in fuel tank is filtered into three regions by it, thick particle size region, middle particle size region and fine grain region respectively, the abrasive size that fine grain region is contained is 5 ~ 10 μm, the abrasive size that middle particle size region contains concentrates on 11 ~ 50 μm, and the abrasive size that thick particle size region contains concentrates on 51 ~ 63 μm.Grinding uses the solid particle grinding fluid in fine grain region, improves the exchange capability of heat of grinding medium further; During Polishing machining uses, the solid particle grinding fluid of particle size region, carries out Polishing machining to the workpiece after grinding, improves surface quality and the surface integrity of workpiece further; If emery wheel rust in addition, lose grinding capacity, the solid particle grinding fluid of thick particle size region can be used, by means of the abrasive material suspended in ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle solid particles grinding fluid with very large speed and acceleration impinging sand wheel surface, remove the bonding agent between emery wheel abrasive material, carry out online dressing emery wheel.It can carry out the compound processing course of grinding, Polishing machining, online dressing emery wheel continuously on a device, take full advantage of the advantage that solid particle has stronger cooling performance and impacts working ability, effective solution grinding burn, improve surface of the work integrality and machining accuracy, realize efficient, low consumption, environmental friendliness, resource-effective low-carbon green cleaner production, there is very important meaning.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of solid particle grinding fluid complex machining device, it comprises fuel tank, and fuel tank is connected with ultrasonic vibration generator by electromagnet; Fuel tank internal is provided with thick particle size region, middle particle size region and fine grain region, and each region is provided with a corresponding oil-feed port and is connected with corresponding fluid pressure line; Fluid pressure line is connected with solenoid directional control valve, and electromagnetic switch valve outlet port leads to fluid pressure line and is connected with slush pump, overflow valve, and overflow valve is connected with ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle by metal hose; Ultrasonic wave vibration sounding device, electromagnet are all connected with controller.
Described fuel tank side is provided with liquid level gauge, and be provided with bleeder plug in bottom, top is provided with scavenging air valve; In fuel tank, be also provided with oil back region, oil back region is provided with oil return opening, and oil back region forms semi-surrounding region by the dividing plate of interlaced arrangement simultaneously; Be fine grain region, middle particle size region and thick particle size region outside this semi-surrounding region, wherein, fine grain region is surrounded by the sieve plate of to be particle diameter be in aperture 5-10um, the sieve plate that middle particle size region is 11-50um by particle diameter surrounds, thick particle size region is the remaining area outside fine grain region, middle particle size region, and its abrasive size is at 51-63um.
Described solenoid directional control valve is three-position four-way valve, and it comprises valve body and spool, valve body is provided with A, B, C tri-entrances, is connected respectively with thick particle size region, middle particle size region with fine grain region; Also be provided with a P outlet to be connected with pipeline; Spool is arranged in the passage of valve body, by opening or closing each mouth of A, B, C, P along moving of passage.
Described ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle comprises upper endpiece and lower endpiece, is provided with piezoelectric ceramics between the two, and three is compressed by hold-down bolt; Lower endpiece is connected by bolt and ultrasonic transformer, and ultrasonic transformer lower end is taper seat, and be provided with the spray orifice II that cross section is rectangle in it, along short transverse, width does not become 2 ~ 5mm, and length becomes large gradually; Be the horizontal inlet hole I of perpendicular setting above spray orifice II; Piezoelectric ceramics is connected with nickel sheet, and nickel sheet is connected with supersonic generator, and supersonic generator is connected with controller.
Pressure gauge, flowmeter is also provided with between described overflow valve and metal hose.
Described ultrasonic transformer is ceramic material ultrasonic transformer.
The length of described ultrasonic transformer is the integral multiple of sound wave half-wavelength, and piezoelectric ceramics adds that the length of lower endpiece is the integral multiple of sound wave half-wavelength; Ultrasonic transformer Upper cylindrical cross-sectional area is equal with the cross-sectional area of lower endpiece, controls ultrasonic transformer lower cone cross-sectional area, makes circular cone lower surface Amplitude amplification 1.2 ~ 2.6 times.
Adopt a processing technology for solid particle grinding fluid complex machining device, carry out in plain grinding, polishing and plain grinding process as follows to the operating process of emery wheel dressing to workpiece:
Plain grinding is carried out to workpiece:
(1) electromagnet energising, makes it hold fuel tank;
(2) ultrasonic vibration generator energising, makes the grinding fluid in fuel tank mix with abrasive material;
(3) ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle angle is adjusted;
(4) oil pressure relief of regulation relief valve, makes it be set to 0.4 ~ 0.5MPa;
(5) solenoid directional control valve electric, spool moves, and makes fuel tank fine grain region and abrasive size be that the solid particle grinding fluid of 5 ~ 10 μm is connected with slush pump by pipeline;
(6) Workpiece fixing, clamping, starts emery wheel and slush pump, solid particle grinding fluid through solenoid directional control valve, slush pump, flowmeter, metal hose, ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle enter emery wheel between workpiece, namely carry out plain grinding; In plain grinding process, as workpiece surface roughness R
awhen being 3.2 ~ 1.6 μm, namely terminate plain grinding, start to carry out polishing to workpiece; In plain grinding process, if wheel passivatio, the surface quality of workpiece and precision all can decline, and now need to carry out online dressing to emery wheel, remove the bonding agent between abrasive material, now proceed to step (9);
Polishing is carried out to workpiece:
(7) solenoid directional control valve dead electricity, spool gets back to centre position, makes particle size region and abrasive size in fuel tank be that the solid particle grinding fluid of 11 ~ 50 μm is connected with slush pump by pipeline;
(8) emery wheel stops incision feeding, and regulate other grinding parameters, the solid particle grinding fluid containing middle particle diameter abrasive material enters grinding area under emery wheel drag interaction, starts to carry out polishing to workpiece;
(9) during dressing, first stop emery wheel, close slush pump;
(10) adjust nozzle location, make nozzle perpendicular to grinding wheel cylindrical surface, and make the distance on nozzle and grinding wheel cylindrical surface be 5 ~ 10mm;
(11) solenoid directional control valve 5 electric, spool moves, and makes the thick particle size region of fuel tank and abrasive size be that the solid particle grinding fluid of 51 ~ 63 μm is connected with slush pump by pipeline;
(12) start emery wheel, grinding wheel speed is too not high, and speed is 20 ~ 60r/min;
(13) open slush pump, make that the solid particle grinding fluid containing coarse grain footpath abrasive material enters solenoid directional control valve, slush pump, flowmeter, metal hose, ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle vertically spray to grinding wheel cylindrical;
(14) supersonic generator energising, makes ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle start vibration, for solid particle grinding fluid dressing emery wheel provides energy;
(15), at the end of dressing, slush pump, supersonic generator, solenoid directional control valve, ultrasonic wave vibration sounding device, electromagnet is closed successively.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the compound processing course that can carry out grinding, Polishing machining, online dressing emery wheel on a device continuously.The solid particle grinding fluid of splendid attire in fuel tank is filtered into three regions after ultrasonic wave vibration mixes, thick particle size region, middle particle size region and fine grain region respectively, the abrasive size that fine grain region is contained is 5 ~ 10 μm, the abrasive size that middle particle size region contains is 11 ~ 50 μm, and the abrasive size that thick particle size region contains is 51 ~ 63 μm.By changing the different operating position of solenoid directional control valve, the solid particle grinding fluid of different abrasive size trizonal in fuel tank being connected with slush pump by pipeline, realizing the compound processing course of grinding, Polishing machining, online dressing emery wheel respectively.In order to improve dressing ability and the effect of solid particle grinding fluid, the solid particle grinding fluid of thick particle size region is not only under the liquid supply pressure effect of slush pump, in addition also by means of the abrasive material suspended in ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle solid particles grinding fluid with very large speed and acceleration impinging sand wheel surface, improve further the ability of dressing emery wheel.
Grinding uses the solid particle grinding fluid in fine grain region, improves the exchange capability of heat of grinding medium further; During Polishing machining uses, the solid particle grinding fluid of particle size region, carries out Polishing machining to the workpiece after grinding, improves surface quality and the surface integrity of workpiece further; If emery wheel rust in addition, lose grinding capacity, the solid particle grinding fluid of thick particle size region can be used, by means of the additional-energy impinging sand wheel surface of suspension grinding material in ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle solid particles grinding fluid, remove the bonding agent between emery wheel abrasive material, carry out online dressing emery wheel.The present invention not only takes full advantage of the powerful exchange capability of heat of solid particle, avoid in traditional grinding and easily produce grinding burn, the difficult problem that surface integrity worsens, but also make grinding, Polishing machining and the same station of online dressing emery wheel on same equipment complete, integration degree is high, machining accuracy is high and surface quality is good, has great importance for promoting conventional equipment by advanced technology, great on national economy impact.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 solid particle grinding fluid complex machining device hydraulic scheme;
Fig. 2 fuel tank positive two surveys view;
Fig. 3 fuel tank top plan view;
Fig. 4 fuel tank section rotation diagram;
Fig. 5 solenoid directional control valve structure chart;
Fig. 6 solenoid directional control valve fundamental diagram;
Fig. 7 ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle structure sectional view;
Fig. 8 Departure displacement schematic diagram calculation.
Table 1 solenoid directional control valve sequence of movement table.
Wherein, 1-fuel tank, 2-electromagnet, 3-ultrasonic vibration generator, 4-fluid pressure line, 5-solenoid directional control valve, 6-slush pump, 7-overflow valve, 8-Pressure gauge, 9-flowmeter, 10-metal hose, 11-ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle, 12-ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle each cross section amplitude curve, 13-bleeder plug, 14-coarse grain footpath abrasive material oil-feed port, particle diameter abrasive material oil-feed port in 15-, 16-scavenging air valve, 17-fine grain abrasive material oil-feed port, 18-oil return opening, 19-liquid level gauge, 20-aperture is the sieve plate of 50 μm, 21-aperture is the sieve plate of 10 μm, 22-dividing plate, 23-valve body, 24-spool, 25-supersonic generator, 26-nickel sheet, 27-hold-down bolt, 28-upper endpiece, 29-piezoelectric ceramics, 30-lower endpiece, 31-bolt, 32-ultrasonic transformer.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of solid particle grinding fluid complex machining process and device, it is primarily of fuel tank 1, electromagnet 2, ultrasonic vibration generator 3, fluid pressure line 4, solenoid directional control valve 5, slush pump 6, overflow valve 7, Pressure gauge 8, flowmeter 9, metal hose 10 and ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle 11 are formed; Wherein fuel tank 1 is fixed on ultrasonic vibration generator 3, electromagnet 2 is provided with bottom fuel tank 1, three oil-feed ports are arranged at top, three oil-feed ports are connected by fluid pressure line 4 and solenoid directional control valve 5 three entrances, solenoid directional control valve 5 has three entrances and an outlet, its outlet is connected with slush pump 6, overflow valve 7, Pressure gauge 8, flowmeter 9 and metal hose 10 successively by fluid pressure line 4, and metal hose 10 finally connects with ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle 11.
Fig. 2 is that positive two of fuel tank surveys view, scavenging air valve 16, oil return opening 18 and 3 oil-feed ports are arranged at fuel tank 1 top, 3 oil-feed ports are coarse grain footpath abrasive material oil-feed port 14, middle particle diameter abrasive material oil-feed port 15 and fine grain abrasive material oil-feed port 17 respectively, liquid level gauge 19 is positioned at fuel tank 1 front side top, and bleeder plug 13 is positioned at fuel tank 1 right flank lower right corner place.Grinding fluid and micro powder grade solid abrasive (particle diameter is 5 ~ 63 μm) mixed uniformly solid particle grinding fluid is filled with in fuel tank 1, fuel tank 1 inside is respectively 5-10 μm by aperture, the fine grain sieve plate 21 of 11-50 μm, middle particle diameter sieve plate 20 is filtered into three regions solid particle grinding fluid, thick particle size region respectively, middle particle size region and fine grain region, wherein oil back region communicates with thick particle size region, as shown in Figure 3, screen through each sieve plate, the abrasive size that fine grain region is contained is 5 ~ 10 μm, the abrasive size that middle particle size region contains concentrates on 11 ~ 50 μm, the abrasive size that thick particle size region contains concentrates on 51 ~ 63 μm, according to different grinding needs, use the solid particle grinding fluid of zones of different.One side in middle particle size region and fine grain region is against oil tank wall, its excess-three side is all made up of corresponding sieve plate, as shown in Figure 3, fine grain region sieve plate right flank and middle particle size region sieve plate left surface are 5 ~ 10mm apart from inner wall of oil tank, and height of sieve plate is inner wall of oil tank height (Fig. 4).Oil return opening and thick particle size region oil-feed port are placed in fuel tank 1 both sides respectively, and near oil return opening 18, be provided with two pieces of dividing plates 22, to strengthen the path of stream recirculates, improve the effect of heat radiation and separation air, the height of dividing plate 22 is 2/3 ~ 3/4 of fuel tank 1 inside wall height.In fuel tank 1, liquid level gauge 19 is positioned at fine grain region, and bleeder plug 13 is positioned at coarse grain footpath sections bottom.Fuel tank 1 is connected at fuel tank 1 outer side bottom surface with the electromagnet 2 of its underpart, and as shown in Figure 4, electromagnet 2 can not only firmly hold fuel tank 1, and the metal filings in grinding fluid is fixed on bottom fuel tank 1, prevents metal filings from entering between emery wheel/workpiece with grinding fluid.Fuel tank 1 is fixed on ultrasonic vibration generator 3 together with electromagnet 2.
The effect of ultrasonic vibration generator 3 is that the grinding fluid in fuel tank 1 is mixed with abrasive material, it is similar to ultrasonic stirrer, primarily of supersonic generator 25, transducer (upper endpiece 28, lower endpiece 30 and piezoelectric ceramics between the two 29) and ultrasonic transformer 32 form, ultrasonic transformer 32 end face is bonded on the electromagnet 2 bottom fuel tank 1, supersonic generator 25 changes industrial-frequency alternating current into the supersonic frequency electric oscillation having certain power stage, supersonic frequency electric oscillation converts the mechanical oscillation of same frequency to by the piezo-electric effect of transducer, and to propagate in fuel tank 1 in solid particle grinding fluid with the form of superaudio mechanical wave, high frequency is produced in solid particle grinding fluid, the positive negative shock wave of hydraulic pressure of alternation and " cavitation " effect, thus the grinding fluid in fuel tank 1 is mixed with abrasive material.The ultrasonic frequency that ultrasonic vibration generator 3 produces is 16 ~ 20kHz.
Solenoid directional control valve 5 is the three-position four-way valve of this design of Hydraulic System specially, the solid particle grinding fluid controlled containing different-grain diameter abrasive material enters hydraulic system, its structure chart, fundamental diagram are respectively as shown in Figure 5,6, P mouth is outlet, A, B, C are entrances, A mouth is connected with fuel tank 1 coarse grain footpath abrasive material oil-feed port 14, and B mouth is connected with middle particle diameter abrasive material oil-feed port 15, and C mouth is connected with fine grain abrasive material oil-feed port 17.When spool 24 is in diagram meta, port P and B communicates, and port A and C closes, and the solid particle grinding fluid now containing middle particle diameter abrasive material (particle diameter is 11 ~ 50 μm) enters hydraulic system; When spool 24 shifts to left end, port P and A communicates, and port B and C closes, and the solid particle grinding fluid now containing coarse grain footpath abrasive material (particle diameter is 51 ~ 63 μm) enters hydraulic system; When spool shifts to right-hand member, port P and C communicates, and port A and B closes, and the solid particle grinding fluid now containing fine grain abrasive material (particle diameter is 5 ~ 10 μm) enters hydraulic system; Solenoid directional control valve sequence of movement table is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 solenoid directional control valve sequence of movement table
Slush pump 6 is power parts of this hydraulic system, and compared with Normal hydraulic pump, it more can bear the impact of abrasive material in grinding fluid; It is constant that overflow valve 7 can maintain system pressure, can play overload protective function again to system; Pressure gauge 8 is for measuring system pressure; Flowmeter 9 is for measuring fluid pressure line flow; Metal hose 10 can free bend, adopt between fluid pressure line 4 and ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle 11 connection by metal hose be in order to cushion dressing carries out on emery wheel time ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle 11 vibrate impact on fluid pressure line, maintenance medium pressing system is stablized.Fluid pressure line 4 connection functions, it needs with wear-resisting material manufacture, as pottery, Monel metal etc.
The structure of ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle 11 as shown in Figure 7.It is formed primarily of supersonic generator 25, transducer (comprising upper endpiece 28, lower endpiece 30 and piezoelectric ceramics between the two 29) and ultrasonic transformer 32.Industrial-frequency alternating current is changed into the supersonic frequency electric oscillation having certain power stage by supersonic generator 25, and its frequency is 16 ~ 20kHz.Transducer converts high-frequency electrical vibration to mechanical oscillation, and piezoelectric ceramics 29 is important component parts of transducer, and two panels piezoelectric ceramics 29 stacks, and positive pole is in centre, and negative pole, in upside, compresses with hold-down bolt 27 through upper and lower end block 28,30.In order to conductive lead wire is convenient, be clipped on positive and negative electrode as wiring end sheet by nickel sheet 26.Tapered on the downside of ultrasonic transformer 32, its effect is expanded by the amplitude of mechanical oscillation.Transducer and ultrasonic transformer are coupled together by bolt 31.This ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle is holed on ultrasonic transformer 32 taper seat and lower surface, and inner in hollow structure, as shown in Figure 7, wherein the cross section of spray orifice II is rectangle, and along short transverse, width does not become 2 ~ 5mm, and length becomes large gradually.Ultrasonic transformer 32 and nozzle integrate, and fluid pressure line 4, metal hose 10 and ultrasonic transformer 32 adopt successively and be threaded, solid particle grinding fluid eventually through the hole in ultrasonic transformer 32 enter emery wheel between workpiece.Ultrasonic transformer 32 adopts ceramic material manufacture, can bear the wearing and tearing that in solid particle grinding fluid, abrasive material brings, and improves the service life of ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle.Supersonic generator 25 is only energized when solid particle grinding fluid dressing emery wheel, and for solid particle grinding fluid dressing emery wheel provides enough energy, when carrying out plain grinding and to workpiece polishing, supersonic generator 25 does not work.
Fig. 7 gives ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle each cross section amplitude curve 12 in the supersonic generator course of work.When ultrasonic wave is propagated from one end of ultrasonic transformer 32 to the other end, wave reflection will be there is in the end of ultrasonic transformer 32.So in limited ultrasonic transformer 32, physical presence two contrary ripples of same cycle, same to amplitude, the direction of propagation, these two identical ripples from contrary direction can and, the interference of ripple will be produced.When ultrasonic transformer 32 length meets a certain rule, on ultrasonic transformer 32, some some position in wave process is constant all the time, and its amplitude is zero (for node), and other amplitudes are maximum, and its amplitude is the twice (for antinode) of former amplitude.Be illustrated in fig. 8 shown below, x represents the distance of ultrasonic transformer 32 any point b at a distance of ultrasonic wave incidence end, then the displacement that incidence wave causes b point to depart from equilbrium position is a
1, the displacement that back wave causes b point to depart from equilbrium position is a
2, then have
And two ripples cause the resultant displacement of b point to be a
r
X in formula---the distance of b point distance incidence end;
The wavelength of λ---vibration;
The cycle of T---vibration;
The amplitude of A---vibration;
The a certain moment of t---vibration.
From above formula:
When
Time, a
rmaximum, b point is antinode
In formula, k is positive integer, k=0,1,2,3,
In order to make ultrasonic transformer 32 be in peak swing resonance state, ultrasonic transformer 32 should be designed to the integral multiple of half-wavelength; And the fulcrum of fixing ultrasonic transformer 32 should be selected in the node place in vibration processes, this point is not vibrated.
Ultrasonic propagation velocity c, relation between wavelength X and frequency f can be represented by the formula:
In order to obtain maximum ultrasonic intensity, the transducer length of the ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle of this device, namely piezoelectric ceramics 29 adds that the length of lower endpiece 30 is the integral multiple of sound wave half-wavelength.The length of ultrasonic transformer 32 is also the integral multiple of sound wave half-wavelength.As shown in Figure 7, the A point place amplitude on amplitude curve 12 is zero, and ultrasonic transformer 32 is just fixed on grinding machine on this cross section.B point on amplitude curve is antinode, this cross section corresponds to the top of horizontal inlet hole I in ultrasonic transformer 32, when carrying out dressing to emery wheel, ultrasonic vibration is done in cross section herein, force the abrasive material suspended in working solution with very large speed and acceleration impinging sand wheel surface, remove the bonding agent between emery wheel abrasive material, reach the object of dressing emery wheel.Meanwhile, the high-frequency hydraulic shock wave that grinding fluid produces by the ultrasonic vibration effect of horizontal inlet hole I top also provide enhanced the dressing to emery wheel.
Why ultrasonic transformer 32 can expand amplitude, is owing to being constant (omitting propagation loss) by the vibrational energy in its each cross section, and the little local energy-flux density in cross section is large.By following formula
The amplitude of A in formula---vibration;
J---energy-flux density;
ρ---Media density;
C---spread speed;
The circular frequency of ω---vibration.
Energy-flux density J be proportional to amplitude A square, so cross section is less, energy-flux density is larger, and vibration amplitude is also larger.Be definite value for ultrasonic transformer 32, ρ, c, ω, control the area ratio of its underpart circular cone cross section and Upper cylindrical cross section, also just change the ratio of the energy-flux density J of corresponding position, thus change the multiplication factor of amplitude A.The ultrasonic transformer 32 Upper cylindrical cross-sectional area of this device is equal with the cross-sectional area of transducer end block, controls ultrasonic transformer 32 lower cone cross-sectional area, makes circular cone lower surface Amplitude amplification 1.2 ~ 2.6 times.
In zones of different in fuel tank 1, the micro powder grade solid abrasive of different-grain diameter and grinding fluid Homogeneous phase mixing.According to grinding needs, the solid particle grinding fluid of zones of different can be selected.Said solid particle comprises aluminium oxide, carborundum, silicon nitride, diamond, cubic boron nitride abrasive materials.The mass fraction of abrasive material and grinding fluid is 2% ~ 15%.This hydraulic system can realize four functions in grinding process, both can be used for carrying out plain grinding (comprising corase grind, half fine grinding and fine grinding), polishing to workpiece, can be used to that again online dressing is carried out to emery wheel and namely remove bonding agent between wheel face abrasive material, enhanced heat exchange and certain lubrication can also be played simultaneously in workpiece grinding, polishing process.The function of its enhanced heat exchange makes description below: from enhanced heat exchange theory, the heat-transfer capability of solid much larger than liquids and gases, the thermal conductivity factor of the solid material several order of magnitude larger than fluent material under normal temperature.Be suspended with the thermal conductivity factor of the liquid of solids tens times even hundreds of times larger than neat liquid.In grinding fluid, add solids, significantly can increase the thermal conductivity factor of fluid media (medium), improve the ability of convective heat transfer, greatly make up the defect of neat liquid cooling capacity deficiency.In addition, micro powder grade solid abrasive also has the tribological properties such as special antiwear and reducing friction and high bearing capacity in lubrication and friction.From the above mentioned, a set of hydraulic system can complete multinomial work, achieves multifunctional unit.
In addition, it should be noted that, when carrying out plain grinding and polishing to workpiece, supersonic generator 25 no power, namely ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle 11 does not vibrate, and it just plays the effect of nozzle; When carrying out dressing to emery wheel, supersonic generator 25 is just energized, by means of the abrasive material suspended in ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle 11 solid particles grinding fluid with very large speed and acceleration impinging sand wheel surface, remove the bonding agent between wheel face abrasive material, carry out online dressing emery wheel.
Solid particle grinding fluid complex machining device is used to carry out in plain grinding, polishing and plain grinding process as follows to the operating process of emery wheel dressing to workpiece:
1, plain grinding is carried out to workpiece.
(1) electromagnet 2 is energized, and makes it firmly hold fuel tank;
(2) ultrasonic vibration generator 3 is energized, and the grinding fluid in fuel tank is mixed with abrasive material;
(3) ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle 11 angle is adjusted;
(4) oil pressure relief of regulation relief valve 7, makes it be set to 0.4 ~ 0.5MPa.
(5) 2DT of solenoid directional control valve 5 obtains electric, and spool is positioned at right side, and the solid particle grinding fluid in fuel tank fine grain region (abrasive size is 5 ~ 10 μm) is connected with slush pump by pipeline;
(6) Workpiece fixing, clamping, start emery wheel and slush pump 6, solid particle grinding fluid is through solenoid directional control valve 5, slush pump
6, flowmeter 9, metal hose 10, ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle 11 enter emery wheel between workpiece, can plain grinding be carried out.
(7) in plain grinding process, as workpiece surface roughness R
awhen being 3.2 ~ 1.6 μm, namely terminate plain grinding, start to carry out polishing to workpiece.
2, polishing is carried out to workpiece.
(8) the 2DT dead electricity of solenoid directional control valve 5, spool is positioned at centre position, and the solid particle grinding fluid in particle size region in fuel tank (abrasive size is 11 ~ 50 μm) is connected with slush pump by pipeline;
(9) emery wheel stops incision feeding, and regulate other grinding parameters, the solid particle grinding fluid containing middle particle diameter abrasive material enters grinding area under emery wheel drag interaction, starts to carry out polishing to workpiece.
(10), after polishing terminates, slush pump 6, ultrasonic wave vibration sounding device 3, electromagnet 2 is closed successively.
3, in plain grinding process to the online dressing of emery wheel.
In plain grinding process, if wheel passivatio, the surface quality of workpiece and precision all can decline, and now need to carry out online dressing to emery wheel, remove the bonding agent between abrasive material.Here then workpiece is carried out in operating process 1 to the step of grinding
(1) ~ (6) go on to say the operating procedure of dressing:
(7) during dressing, first stop emery wheel, close slush pump 6;
(8) adjust nozzle location, make nozzle perpendicular to grinding wheel cylindrical surface, and make the distance on nozzle and grinding wheel cylindrical surface be 5 ~ 10mm;
(9) 1DT of solenoid directional control valve 5 obtains electric, and spool is positioned at left side, and the solid particle grinding fluid in the thick particle size region of fuel tank (abrasive size is 51 ~ 63 μm) is connected with slush pump by pipeline;
(10) start emery wheel, grinding wheel speed is too not high, and speed is 20 ~ 60r/min;
(11) open slush pump 6, make the solid particle grinding fluid containing coarse grain footpath abrasive material enter solenoid directional control valve 5, slush pump 6, flowmeter 9, metal hose 10, ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle 11, vertically spray to grinding wheel cylindrical;
(12) supersonic generator 25 is energized, and makes ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle 11 start vibration, for solid particle grinding fluid dressing emery wheel provides energy;
(13), at the end of dressing, slush pump 6, supersonic generator 25, solenoid directional control valve 5, ultrasonic wave vibration sounding device 3, electromagnet 2 is closed successively.
Claims (8)
1. a solid particle grinding fluid complex machining device, is characterized in that, it comprises fuel tank, and fuel tank is connected with ultrasonic vibration generator by electromagnet; Fuel tank internal is provided with thick particle size region, middle particle size region and fine grain region, and each region is provided with a corresponding oil-feed port and is connected with corresponding fluid pressure line; Fluid pressure line is connected with solenoid directional control valve, and electromagnetic switch valve outlet port leads to fluid pressure line and is connected with slush pump, overflow valve successively, and overflow valve is connected with ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle by metal hose, makes the oil pressure relief of overflow valve be set to 0.4 ~ 0.5MPa; Ultrasonic wave vibration sounding device, electromagnet are all connected with controller.
2. solid particle grinding fluid complex machining device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fuel tank side is provided with liquid level gauge, and be provided with bleeder plug in bottom, top is provided with scavenging air valve; In fuel tank, be also provided with oil back region, oil back region is provided with oil return opening, and oil back region forms semi-surrounding region by the dividing plate of interlaced arrangement simultaneously; Be fine grain region, middle particle size region and thick particle size region outside this semi-surrounding region, wherein, the sieve plate that fine grain region is 5-10um by aperture surrounds, the sieve plate that middle particle size region is 11-50um by aperture surrounds, thick particle size region is the remaining area outside fine grain region, middle particle size region, and its abrasive size is at 51-63um.
3. solid particle grinding fluid complex machining device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described solenoid directional control valve is three-position four-way valve, and it comprises valve body and spool, valve body is provided with A, B, C tri-entrances, is connected with fine grain region with thick particle size region, middle particle size region respectively; Also be provided with a P outlet to be connected with fluid pressure line; Spool is arranged in the passage of valve body, by opening or closing each mouth of A, B, C, P along moving of passage.
4. solid particle grinding fluid complex machining device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle comprises upper endpiece and lower endpiece, is provided with piezoelectric ceramics between the two, and three is compressed by hold-down bolt; Lower endpiece is connected by bolt and ultrasonic transformer, and ultrasonic transformer lower end is taper seat, and be provided with the spray orifice II that cross section is rectangle in it, along short transverse, width does not become 2 ~ 5mm, and length becomes large gradually; Be the horizontal inlet hole I of perpendicular setting above spray orifice II; Piezoelectric ceramics is connected with nickel sheet, and nickel sheet is connected with supersonic generator, and supersonic generator is connected with controller.
5. solid particle grinding fluid complex machining device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, be also provided with Pressure gauge, flowmeter between described overflow valve and metal hose.
6. solid particle grinding fluid complex machining device as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described ultrasonic transformer is ceramic material ultrasonic transformer.
7. solid particle grinding fluid complex machining device as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the length of described ultrasonic transformer is the integral multiple of sound wave half-wavelength, and piezoelectric ceramics adds that the length of lower endpiece is the integral multiple of sound wave half-wavelength; Ultrasonic transformer Upper cylindrical cross-sectional area is equal with the cross-sectional area of lower endpiece, controls ultrasonic transformer lower cone cross-sectional area, makes circular cone lower surface Amplitude amplification 1.2 ~ 2.6 times.
8. adopt a processing technology for the arbitrary described solid particle grinding fluid complex machining device of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, carry out in plain grinding, polishing and plain grinding process as follows to the operating process of emery wheel dressing to workpiece:
Plain grinding is carried out to workpiece:
(1) electromagnet energising, makes it hold fuel tank;
(2) ultrasonic vibration generator energising, makes the grinding fluid in fuel tank mix with abrasive material;
(3) ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle angle is adjusted;
(4) oil pressure relief of regulation relief valve;
(5) solenoid directional control valve electric, spool moves, and makes fuel tank fine grain region and abrasive size be that the solid particle grinding fluid of 5 ~ 10 μm is connected with slush pump by fluid pressure line;
(6) Workpiece fixing, clamping, start emery wheel and slush pump, solid particle grinding fluid enters between emery wheel and workpiece through solenoid directional control valve, slush pump, flowmeter, metal hose, ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle, namely carries out plain grinding; In plain grinding process, when workpiece surface roughness Ra is 3.2 ~ 1.6 μm, namely terminate plain grinding, start to carry out polishing to workpiece; In plain grinding process, if wheel passivatio, the surface quality of workpiece and precision all can decline, and now need to carry out online dressing to emery wheel, remove the bonding agent between abrasive material, now proceed to step (9); After polishing terminates, close slush pump, ultrasonic vibration generator, electromagnet successively;
Polishing is carried out to workpiece:
(7) solenoid directional control valve dead electricity, spool gets back to centre position, makes particle size region and abrasive size in fuel tank be that the solid particle grinding fluid of 11 ~ 50 μm is connected with slush pump by fluid pressure line;
(8) emery wheel stops incision feeding, and regulate other grinding parameters, the solid particle grinding fluid containing middle particle diameter abrasive material enters grinding area under emery wheel drag interaction, starts to carry out polishing to workpiece;
(9) during dressing, first stop emery wheel, close slush pump;
(10) adjust nozzle location, make nozzle perpendicular to grinding wheel cylindrical surface, and make the distance on nozzle and grinding wheel cylindrical surface be 5 ~ 10mm;
(11) solenoid directional control valve obtains electric, and spool moves, and makes the thick particle size region of fuel tank and abrasive size be that the solid particle grinding fluid of 51 ~ 63 μm is connected with slush pump by fluid pressure line;
(12) start emery wheel, grinding wheel speed is too not high, and speed is 20 ~ 60r/min;
(13) open slush pump, make that the solid particle grinding fluid containing coarse grain footpath abrasive material enters solenoid directional control valve, slush pump, flowmeter, metal hose, ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle vertically spray to grinding wheel cylindrical;
(14) supersonic generator energising, makes ultrasonic wave vibrating nozzle start vibration, for solid particle grinding fluid dressing emery wheel provides energy;
(15), at the end of dressing, slush pump, supersonic generator, solenoid directional control valve, ultrasonic wave vibration sounding device, electromagnet is closed successively.
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