CN101722477A - Process and equipment for grinding nanometer fluid - Google Patents
Process and equipment for grinding nanometer fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN101722477A CN101722477A CN200910207606.1A CN200910207606A CN101722477A CN 101722477 A CN101722477 A CN 101722477A CN 200910207606 A CN200910207606 A CN 200910207606A CN 101722477 A CN101722477 A CN 101722477A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a method and a device for mechanical grinding, namely a process and equipment for grinding nanometer fluid. The nanometer fluid grinding process comprises that nanometer-grade solid containing powder is supplied to a grinding area as a cooling lubrication medium in a grinding process. The equipment is characterized in that: the equipment comprises a lubricant storage tank, a water storage tank, a nanometer-grade powder storage tank and a high pressure air pump, which are arranged on a machine frame; and various mediums are mixed with the high pressure air, the mixture enters an atomizing chamber for mixing atomization and is conveyed to the grinding processing area by a hose and a spray head. Because the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the nanometer powder is high, the nanometer fluid can bring away a large amount of grinding heat when passing the high-temperature area, so that the cooling property of the grinding medium is enhanced, and the defect of the poor cooling effect of the micro lubrication is overcome; and simultaneously, because the weight of the nanometer powder is light, the characteristics and the advantages of the micro lubrication are maintained, the active effects of high processing quality, low cost and no pollution are achieved, and the method becomes the fourth generation lubrication cooling grinding process after wet processing, dry processing and micro lubrication.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the method and apparatus of mechanical grinding, a kind of specifically grinding nanometer fluid Processes and apparatus.
Background technology
Mechanical grinding comprises the free abrasive particle processing of using abrasive material and two kinds of technologies of fixed grain processing of using emery wheel.In general, free abrasive particle processing is to adopt the polishing processing technology of free abrasive by scratching removal workpiece surface, and fixed grain processing is the fine-processing technique that adopts the worn workpiece redundance of emery wheel of sharp abrasive.Grinding technique is to realize Precision Machining, effective, the most most widely used basic technology technology of ultraprecise processing in the modern mechanical manufacturing industry.Data shows that the grinding amount accounts for the 30%-40% of machining total amount.The characteristics of grinding have determined the energy that material consumed that it removes equal volume to be far longer than other processing mode, and institute's work almost all is converted into heat energy in metal processing, and these heats pass and are dispersed on smear metal, cutter and the workpiece.Because the metal level that is cut is thinner, approximately the heat of 60-95% is imported into workpiece, is only taken away by smear metal less than 10% heat, will form localized hyperthermia at a large amount of heat energy of the surface aggregation of workpiece like this, and is very big to the surface quality influence of workpiece.Therefore, in the mechanical grinding process, to cool off and lubricate by the grinding medium.Present cooling and lubricating mode can be divided into three kinds: a kind of is the wet processing of using grinding fluid in a large number, and second kind is the dried processing of not using grinding fluid fully, and the third is the micro lubricating between preceding two kinds.
First kind of mode belongs to traditional machining pattern, uses a large amount of grinding fluids to be medium in the whole process of production.The main effect of grinding fluid has: cooling, lubricated, chip removal, cleaning and antirust.Show according to interrelated data: the quantity delivered of grinding fluid is big more, and the quality of processing work is good more.So, several years ago, actively promote " high pressure cooling " pattern of forced feed grinding fluid in the grinding field.But, increase along with the grinding fluid consumption, the cost of grinding fluid and the expense of post processing shared proportion in whole production processing is increasing, and the mist of oil that grinding fluid forms in the grinding process has a strong impact on the healthy of workman, and operator's working environment further worsens.
The second way is promptly done process technology.Dried processing is exactly not use grinding fluid in process of production, adopts air cooling or other type of cooling.Process is oversimplified, and processing environment also obtains very big improvement.But this processing mode has following a few point defect: the coefficient of friction between (1) emery wheel and workpiece increases, and makes frictional force increase, and abrasion of grinding wheel is serious.(2) it is many to produce heat, the workpiece temperature distortion finished surface of burning greatly, easily.Only be applicable to the processing occasion that minority is specific so do processing.
The third mode is the micro lubricating technology, and its grinding medium mainly is the water and the lubricating oil of sneaking into trace in pressure-air, forms the vaporific grinding fluid of Water-In-Oil, enters the high temperature grinding area by high pressure draught.Water is heated and vaporizes rapidly, takes away a part of heat.High pressure draught plays the effect of cooling, chip removal.Lubricating oil is attached on the finished surface of workpiece, forms layer protecting film, plays the effect of micro lubricating.This technological synthesis wet processing and do the advantage of processing, lubricant effect and traditional wet processing are almost as broad as long.Lubricating oil in its grinding fluid generally adopts the Arrcostab of vegetable oil as base oil, have characteristics such as fabulous biodegradability, greasy property and viscosity index (VI) height, volatility is low, renewable, with short production cycle, the environment diffusion is few, the use amount of grinding fluid has only ten thousand of traditional processing mode/several, having improved working environment greatly, is a kind of efficient green process technology., studies show that: the cooling of high pressure draught and micro-water droplet is renderd a service still very limited, does not often satisfy the needs of processing, and the processing effect of workpiece is poorer than traditional cooked mode, illustrates that the micro lubricating technology also requires further improvement.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: a kind of have all advantages of micro lubricating technology and the special equipment that has the grinding process of stronger cooling performance and realize this technology are provided.
Above-mentioned purpose is realized by following technical scheme: a kind of grinding nanometer fluid technology is provided, is characterized in: provide nanoscale solids powder fluid as the cooling and lubricating medium to grinding area in grinding process.
Said nanoscale solids powder is to mix the formation nano-fluid with water, lubricating oil, pressure-air to enter grinding area.
Said nano-solid powder promptly can be a metal dust, copper for example, and aluminium, zinc etc. also can be oxide powders, aluminium oxide for example, zinc oxide, zirconia etc., its granularity is between 1-100nm, and the percentage by volume content of conveying capacity is 1-10vol%; The pressure-air air inflow is 10-100L/Min; The quantity delivered 200-800ml/h of water; Lubricating oil is 10-50ml/h.
The granularity of said nano-solid powder is 40nm, and conveying capacity is 4vol%, and the pressure-air air inflow is 60L/Min, the quantity delivered 600ml/h of water, lubricating oil 20ml/h.
A kind of equipment that uses the lubricated cooling of nano-fluid grinding medium, be characterized in: the holding vessel that on frame, is provided with splendid attire lubricating oil, water store tank, nanometer grade powder holding vessel and high-pressure pump, the following carrier pipe that all is connected to of each holding vessel, converge the spray chamber that enters a chamber shape with the high-pressure air pipe of high-pressure pump, spray chamber picks out flexible pipe, and flexible pipe one end is equipped with shower nozzle.During work, pressure-air, lubricating oil, water, nanometer powder are transported to spray chamber, are transported to the grinding district by flexible pipe, shower nozzle behind the mixed aerosol.
Flow control valve and delivery pump are housed respectively on the carrier pipe of said holding vessel.
There is air intake said high-pressure pump below, high-pressure pump starts, pressure-air is through flow control valve, behind the air filter, access to plant inside is divided into two-way, one directly enters spray chamber by high-pressure air pipe, it converges with the nanometer powder carrier pipe earlier two by after dividing the flow tube control valve, blows nanometer powder and enters spray chamber.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:, remedied the deficiency of micro lubricating because nanometer powder thermal conductivity factor height when nano-fluid passes through high-temperature area, can be taken away a large amount of grinding heats, thereby strengthen the cooling performance of grinding medium.Simultaneously because the quality of nanometer powder is very little, the character and the advantage that have kept micro lubricating, and increased the lubricated area of grinding fluid, effectively reduced the friction between emery wheel and workpiece, emery wheel and the smear metal, prolong the life-span of emery wheel, obtain crudy height, low, the free of contamination good effect of cost, be expected to become the lubricated cooling technology of the 4th generation grinding after wet processing, dried processing and micro lubricating.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of this equipment;
Fig. 2 is the spray chamber enlarged diagram of this equipment.
Among the figure as seen: frame 1, lubricating oil holding vessel 2, water store tank 3, nanometer powder holding vessel 4, high-pressure pump 5, air filter 6, flow control valve 7, air intake 8, flow control valve 9,10,11, delivery pump 12,13,14 divides flow tube control valve 15, high-pressure air pipe 16, spray chamber 17, control valve 18, flexible pipe 19, shower nozzle 20, pressure-air inlet 21, nanometer inlet 22, lubricating oil inlet 23, water inlet 24, nano particle 25, oil-water mixture drips 26.
The specific embodiment
Nano material is introduced grinding process, mainly is to consider that nano material has extremely low amount and good heat-conducting.Its implementation process will perform the work of two aspects: the one, choose suitable material and running parameter, and the 2nd, develop suitable equipment.
A large amount of experiments show that the wide range of the nano material that adopts can be a metal dust, copper for example, and aluminium, zinc etc. also can be oxide powders, aluminium oxide for example, zinc oxide, zirconia etc.Its running parameter scope is also very wide, and between 1-100nm, the percentage by volume content of conveying capacity is 1-10vol% as the granularity of nano material; The pressure-air air inflow is 10-100L/Min; The quantity delivered 200-800ml/h of water; Lubricating oil is 10-50ml/h, all has satisfied effect.
Fig. 1 has introduced the simplest a kind of equipment, as seen from the figure, being provided with three holding vessels above a cabinet rack 1, is respectively lubricating oil holding vessel 2, water store tank 3 and nanometer grade powder holding vessel 4, a high-pressure pump 5 is housed in the left side of frame 1, and the following carrier pipe that all is connected to of each holding vessel is equipped with flow control valve 9 respectively on each carrier pipe, 10,11 and delivery pump 12,13,14.High-pressure pump 5 one sides are joined with air intake 8 through flow control valve 7 and air filter 6, be divided into two bye-passes behind the opposite side, wherein one connects spray chamber 17 by high-pressure air pipe 16, and another connects spray chamber 17 after converging by minute flow tube control valve 15 and nanometer powder carrier pipe.Spray chamber 17 links to each other with flexible pipe 19 by control valve 18, and the flexible pipe other end is equipped with shower nozzle 20.
Fig. 2 has represented that a kind of spray chamber 17 is container-like spaces, a pressure-air inlet 21 is arranged, nanometer inlet 22 and lubricating oil inlet 23 and water inlet 24 are arranged in pressure-air enters the mouth 21 the insides, and wherein the inlet 24 of water also is provided in a side of inlet 23 the insides of lubricating oil.During work, under the pulling of gases at high pressure, nano particle 25 and oil-water mixture pour grinding area after dripping 26 mixing and atomizing.
In order to prove the effect of nanometer powder, we have done a large amount of experiments.Conclusion is got up, and the experiment of two classes is arranged substantially.One class is to add the grinding medium of nano material and the contrast experiment of other grinding media, and another kind of is the optimization experiment that adds the grinding medium self of nano material.Part model experiment situation only is provided below:
First kind experiment: different processing mode contrasts.
Experimental article: Si Laifu faces (SCHLEIFRING) K-P36 accurate digital control surface grinding machine, CBN emery wheel, emery wheel parameter: diameter 300mm, granularity: 240#, maximum line velocity 65m/s.Three-way piezoelectric formula grinding force measuring instrument (YDM-III99), surface topographic apparatus fo (Talysurf), thermal infrared imager (Thermovision A20M).Adopt AL
2O
3It is the polyalkyl methacrylate of base oil that nanometer powder, lubricating oil are selected for use with the vegetable oil.
Experimental design: 1. adopt traditional cooked mode (wet processing) processing ceramic, 45# steel, cast iron respectively.Working process parameter, grinding speed is: 45m/s, grinding method: the zigzag grinding, lateral feed 30mm/s, moving speed of table: 60mm/s adopts the hand feed processing mode, the every stroke of cutting depth 5 μ m/.In process, guarantee sufficient grinding fluid supply.Ceramic material property hardness (HV) can reach 2100,1200 ℃ of heat resisting temperatures, and toughness is relatively poor, and adopting the casting pig trade mark is HT150, and material property: hardness (HB) is 180.Measure grinding area temperature, cutting force in the experimentation, after experiment finishes, measure the surface roughness of each workpiece respectively.
2. use dried processing mode processing above-mentioned material.Working process parameter, grinding speed is: 45m/s, grinding method: the zigzag grinding, lateral feed 30mm/s, moving speed of table: 60mm/s adopts the hand feed processing mode, the every stroke of cutting depth 5 μ m/.Same grinding area temperature, cutting force, the surface roughness measured.
3. adopt micro lubricating method processing above-mentioned material.Working process parameter, grinding speed is: 45m/s, grinding method: the zigzag grinding, lateral feed 30mm/s, moving speed of table: 60mm/s adopts the hand feed processing mode, the every stroke of cutting depth 5 μ m/.The technological parameter that adopts in the lubricating system with trace amount: air inflow 35L/Min, the quantity delivered 600ml/h of water, lubricating oil 20ml/h.Same grinding area temperature, cutting force, the surface roughness measured.
4. adopt nano-fluid micro lubricating method processing above-mentioned material.Working process parameter, grinding speed is: 45m/s, grinding method: the zigzag grinding, lateral feed 30mm/s, moving speed of table: 60mm/s adopts the hand feed processing mode, the every stroke of cutting depth 5 μ m/.The technological parameter that adopts in the lubricating system with trace amount: air inflow 35L/Min, the conveying capacity of nano particle is 4vol%, the granularity of nano-solid is 40nm, the quantity delivered 600ml/h of water, lubricating oil 20ml/h.Same grinding area temperature, cutting force, the surface roughness measured.
Above-mentioned a few part experiment gained data such as following table:
Different cooked mode performance comparison
(F
t: tangential grinding force; F
nNormal grinding force, unit: N/mm)
As seen from the above table, in high pressure draught, add the method for nano particle, can further improve the cooling effect of micro lubricating technology.
Annotate: F
t/ F
nRatio is big more, illustrates that the cooling and lubricating effect is good more.
Comprehensive above-mentioned experiment can obtain the qualitative evaluation of four kinds of processes effects:
| Cooling effect | Lubricant effect | Chip removal | Working environment | Cost | |
| Wet processing | Excellent | Excellent | Good | Difference | High |
| Do processing | Difference | Difference | Difference | Good | Low |
| Micro lubricating | In | Very | Good | Better | Low |
| The nanometer micro lubricating | Very | Very | Good | Better | Low |
The experiment of second class: it is four parts that this experiment is divided into, and verifies nano particle conveying capacity size respectively; Nano particles; The ratio of lubricating oil and water; The size of gas pushing quantity is to the influence of grinding nanometer fluid effect.
This experiment is faced (SCHLEIFRING) K-P36 accurate digital control surface grinding machine and is carried out emery wheel use CBN emery wheel, emery wheel parameter: diameter 300mm, granularity: 240# at Si Laifu.Maximum line velocity can reach 65m/s.Workpiece material adopts the untreated 50mm * 100mm * 20mm 45# steel in surface, and hardness (HB) is 230.
1. by changing the content of nanometer powder in the nano-fluid, study its influence to grinding.
Experimental design: set the machine tooling technological parameter: grinding speed is: 45m/s, and grinding method: the zigzag grinding, lateral feed 30mm/s, moving speed of table: 60mm/s adopts the hand feed processing mode, the every stroke of cutting depth 5 μ m/.The technological parameter that adopts in the nano-fluid lubricating system with trace amount: air inflow 35L/Min, the quantity delivered 600ml/h of water, lubricating oil 20ml/h, the granularity of nano-solid is 40nm.The conveying capacity of nano-solid particle is divided into 5 kinds of state: 1vol%, 2.5vol%, 4vol%, 5vol%, 8vol%.After the off-test, measuring workpieces surface quality result such as following table
Different AL
2O
3The surface quality of workpiece contrast under the consumption situation
As seen from the above table, along with the increase of nano-solid powder conveying capacity, the grinding area temperature peak reduces, but surpass the 5vol% conveying capacity, workpiece surface roughness numerical value increases, and at surface of the work shadow scratch is arranged, under these process conditions, 4vol% conveying capacity resultant effect is best.
2. observe of the influence of the size of nano particle by the nano-solid that adds different sizes to processing effect.
Experimental design: set the machine tooling technological parameter: grinding speed is: 45m/s, and grinding method: the zigzag grinding, lateral feed 30mm/s, moving speed of table: 60mm/s adopts the hand feed processing mode, the every stroke of cutting depth 5 μ m/.The technological parameter that adopts in the nano-fluid lubricating system with trace amount: air inflow 35L/Min, the quantity delivered 600ml/h of water, lubricating oil 20ml/h, the conveying capacity of nano particle is 4vol%.The nano particle size is: 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 80nm.Experimental result sees the following form.
Add varigrained nano particle processing effect contrast
As seen from the above table: the micro lubricating that adds the nano-solid powder of larger particles has good cooling effect, but nano particle size surface roughness value after 50nm increases, and surface of the work has the cut phenomenon to take place, so under these process conditions, the nano particle size can obtain surface quality and resultant effect preferably for 40nm.
3. the proportioning of water and lubricating oil in the research grinding nanometer fluid liquid.
Experimental design: set the machine tooling technological parameter: total cutting depth is 50 μ m, and grinding speed is: 45m/s, grinding method: zigzag grinding, lateral feed 30mm/s, moving speed of table: 60mm/s adopts the hand feed processing mode, the every stroke of cutting depth 5 μ m/.The technological parameter that adopts in the nano-fluid lubricating system with trace amount: air inflow 35L/Min, the conveying capacity of nano particle is 4vol%, the nano particle size is 40nm.Water mixes with lubricating oil is proportional, and the quantity delivered of now deciding lubricating oil is 20ml/h, and the quantity delivered of water adopts 200ml/h respectively, 400ml/h, 600ml/h, 800ml/h, three kinds of states.Promptly oil was respectively 1: 10 with the ratio of water, and 1: 20,1: 30,1: 40.
Experimental result sees the following form.
The crudy of the different proportionings of water and lubricating oil contrast in the grinding nanometer fluid liquid
(F
nBe normal force, N/mm)
As seen from the above table, be 1: 30 o'clock in the ratio of lubricating oil and water, the lubricant effect of this device is best, can effectively reduce cutting force, obtains processing effect preferably.
4. study of the influence of air-flow size by changing air inflow to processing.
Experimental design: earlier workpiece (45# steel) is fixed on the electromagnetic worktable, set the machine tooling technological parameter: grinding speed is: 45m/s, grinding method: zigzag grinding, lateral feed 30mm/s, moving speed of table: 60mm/s, adopt the hand feed processing mode, the every stroke of cutting depth 5 μ m/.The technological parameter that adopts in the nano-fluid lubricating system with trace amount: the conveying capacity of nano particle is 4vol%, and the granularity of nano particle is 40nm, the quantity delivered 600ml/h of water, lubricating oil 20ml/h sets air inflow and is respectively 20L/Min, 40L/Min, 60L/Min, 80L/Min, 100L/Min.
Experimental result sees the following form.
The gas conveying capacity is to the influence of processing
As seen from the above table, when air-flow was 60L/Min, the workpiece surface quality of processing was best.
Comprehensive above-mentioned experimental result, selected following optimal way: the granularity of nano-solid powder is 40nm, and conveying capacity is 4vol%, and the pressure-air air inflow is 60L/Min, the quantity delivered 600ml/h of water, lubricating oil 20ml/h.
Claims (7)
1. a grinding nanometer fluid technology is characterized in that: provide the fluid that contains the nanoscale solids powder as the cooling and lubricating medium to grinding area in grinding process.
2. grinding nanometer fluid technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said nanoscale solids powder fluid is that nanoscale solids powder and water, lubricating oil, pressure-air enter grinding area after mixing.
3. grinding nanometer fluid technology according to claim 2 is characterized in that: said nano-solid powder is metal dust or oxide powder, and its granularity is between 1-100nm, and the percentage by volume content of conveying capacity is 1-10vol%; The pressure-air air inflow is 10-100L/Min; The quantity delivered 200-800ml/h of water; Lubricating oil is 10-50ml/h.
4. grinding nanometer fluid technology according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the granularity of said nano-solid powder is 40nm, and conveying capacity is 4vol%, and the pressure-air air inflow is 60L/Min, the quantity delivered 600ml/h of water, lubricating oil 20ml/h.
5. grinding nanometer fluid equipment, be characterized in: it is characterized in that: the holding vessel (2) that on frame (1), is provided with splendid attire lubricating oil, water store tank (3), nanometer grade powder holding vessel (4) and high-pressure pump (5), the following carrier pipe that all is connected to of each holding vessel, converging the spray chamber (17) that enters a chamber shape with the high-pressure air pipe (16) of high-pressure pump mixes, spray chamber (17) links to each other with flexible pipe (19) by control valve (18), and the flexible pipe other end is equipped with shower nozzle (20).
6. grinding nanometer fluid equipment according to claim 5 is characterized in that: flow control valve (9,10,11) and delivery pump (12,13,14) are housed respectively on the carrier pipe of said holding vessel.
7. grinding nanometer fluid equipment according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: said high-pressure pump (5) one sides are joined with air intake (8) through flow control valve (7) and air filter (6), be divided into two bye-passes behind the opposite side, wherein one connects spray chamber (17) by high-pressure air pipe (16), and another connects spray chamber (17) after dividing flow tube control valve (15) and nanometer powder carrier pipe to converge.
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