CN102723762A - Lithium ion storage battery formation circuit - Google Patents
Lithium ion storage battery formation circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN102723762A CN102723762A CN2012100345489A CN201210034548A CN102723762A CN 102723762 A CN102723762 A CN 102723762A CN 2012100345489 A CN2012100345489 A CN 2012100345489A CN 201210034548 A CN201210034548 A CN 201210034548A CN 102723762 A CN102723762 A CN 102723762A
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Abstract
A lithium ion storage battery formation circuit at least comprises a DC/AC circuit, a DC/DC circuit, a transformer, a detection circuit and a control circuit. The DC/DC circuit, the DC/AC circuit and the transformer are successively connected in series between a storage battery and a network voltage. Control terminals of the DC/DC circuit and the DC/AC circuit are electrically connected with the control circuit. Voltage conversion of the DC/DC circuit and the DC/AC circuit is controlled through the control circuit. A load loop is provided with a current detection and voltage detection circuit. The current detection and voltage detection circuit is electrically connected with the detection circuit. The detection circuit is electrically connected with the control circuit. The control circuit completes constant current charging, constant voltage charging and discharging of the storage battery by the network voltage in a time sharing mode, and carries out formation and capacity sorting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of lithium-ions battery and change into circuit.
Background technology
Lithium-ions battery is the advanced battery that on the basis of lithium storage battery, grows up, and it has solved two technical barriers of puzzlement lithium storage battery development, i.e. poor stability and the problem that discharges and recharges the life-span weak point basically.Lithium ion battery and lithium battery in the something in common on the principle are: in two kinds of batteries, all adopted a kind of metal oxide or sulfide that lithium ion is embedded and take off embedding as positive pole, adopted a kind of organic solvent-inorganic salt system as electrolyte.Difference is: in lithium ion battery, adopt the material with carbon element that makes the lithium ion embedding and take off embedding to replace pure lithium to make negative pole.Therefore, the operation principle of this battery is simpler, in battery operated process, only is the process that lithium ion gets into another electrode (embedding) from an electrode (taking off embedding) back.Specifically, lithium ion is from positive pole, to take off embedding when battery charge, in the carbon negative pole, embed, otherwise during discharge.In charge and discharge process, there is not crystalline form to change, so have fail safe preferably and long discharging and recharging the life-span.
The rated voltage of lithium ion battery is 3.6V (minority be 3.7V).Termination charging voltage when being full of electricity is relevant with battery anode material: the 4.2V of graphite; The 4.1V of coke.The precision that requires during charging to stop charging voltage is within ± 1%.The termination discharge voltage of lithium ion battery is 2.4~2.7V (parameter that battery producer provides operating voltage range or termination discharge voltage is slightly different).Be higher than and stop charging voltage and be lower than when stopping discharge and can infringement be arranged battery.
How many electric weight battery also has, and claims dump energy again, often gets the ratio of itself and rated capacity or actual capacity, claims degree of charge.Be that people in use are concerned about most, also be the supplemental characteristic of the most difficult acquisition; People attempt through accurate carrying capacities of calculating such as the variations of measuring internal resistance, electric current and voltage; Many research work have been done; But effective support that at present used formula and algorithm all can not obtain statistics, the degree of charge of indication is nonlinear change always.
Battery begins discharge till the emptying electricity, the maximum electric weight that can export after full charge.Capacity is relevant with the discharging current size, and discharges and recharges cut-ff voltage relation also arranged, so capacity is defined as the hour rate capacity, and electrokinetic cell 1 hour rate (1C) commonly used or 2 hour rates (0.5C) capacity.The activity of battery material before changing into can not normally be brought into play, and capacity is very little, and after formation process began, battery got into its lifetime; In the whole lifetime, the activation of battery and deterioration process are two aspects of a problem, and the initial stage activation is in leading position, and battery capacity rises gradually; After, activation and deterioration effect are all not obvious or suitable, and in the later stage, the deterioration effect is remarkable; After capacity attenuation, specified volume decay to certain proportion (60%), the battery life termination.
According to the architectural feature of lithium ion battery itself, it has discharged and recharged and the diverse charge-discharge characteristic of nickel-base material chemical cell.Its charging process generally adopts constant current to change the charge mode of constant voltage.
Charging begins to be the constant current charge stage, and the voltage of battery is lower, and the electric current of charging is constant basically; The speed of charging is generally 1C (C=charging current/battery capacity); Be the charging current of 500mA for the battery of 500mAh, along with proceeding of charging, the voltage of battery rises gradually; When the voltage of cell was raised to 4.1V (or 4.2V), charger changed constant voltage charge immediately over to; During constant voltage charge, the charging voltage of monomer lithium ion battery must strictness remain on 4.1V scholar 50mV, if charging voltage surpasses 4.5V; Possibly cause the permanent damage of lithium ion battery; This stage is the constant voltage charge stage, and charging current descends very fast, and temperature rises; Work as electric current at last and drop to a certain scope, advance people's trickle charge stage; Trickle charge also claims to safeguard charging.Safeguarding under the charged state that charger continue to replenish electric charge with a certain charge rate to battery, he is in sufficient state to make electricity at last, in this way, first hour can charge into 80%, two hour of battery rated capacity after battery can be charged to rated capacity.
The detection method that battery charge stops is to judge charging current;, charging current stops charging when dropping to certain certain value; Stop charging when for example charging current drops to 40mA (representative value be initiation of charge electric current about 5%); Also can when detecting cell voltage and reach 4.2V, start timer, after certain delay, stop charging.
As a kind of novel power technology; Power lithium-ion battery in use must series connection just can reach the needs of working voltage, and uneven on the monomer performance is not the application technology problem because of battery entirely, begins will pass through multiple working procedure to finished product from filming; The per pass operation is all passed through strict trace routine; Make the voltage, internal resistance, capacity of every battery consistent, because after the formation process of lithium battery began, battery got into its lifetime; Changing into before the power lithium-ion battery combo can not be shifted the end user onto and accomplish there, must before dispatching from the factory, change into, partial volume and test accomplish.Along with the rising of output, the necessary process that the production of large batch of power lithium-ion battery changes into, the partial volume process is a labor electric power energy, how to let this process fast, consumption efficient and that reduce electric power energy is present problem demanding prompt solution.And must solve as early as possible.
Receive multiple factor affecting the useful life of power lithium-ion battery group, if the battery pack life-span be lower than below monomer average life span half the, can infer all because change into, improper the causing of partial volume technology.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide that a kind of production that is fit to large batch of power lithium-ion battery changes into, the power lithium-ion battery of partial volume changes into circuit, with realize fast, efficient and reduce the consumption of electric power energy.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this; A kind of power lithium-ion battery changes into circuit; It is characterized in that: comprise DC/AC circuit, DC/DC circuit, transformer, testing circuit and control circuit at least, be serially connected with DC/DC circuit, DC/AC circuit, transformer between storage battery and the line voltage successively, DC/DC circuit and DC/AC circuit control end are electrically connected with control circuit; Voltage transitions through control circuit control carrying out DC/DC circuit and DC/AC circuit; Current detecting and voltage detecting circuit are arranged on the load circuit, and current detecting and voltage detecting circuit are electrically connected with testing circuit, and testing circuit is electrically connected with control circuit; Constant current charge, constant voltage charge and the discharge of line voltage to storage battery accomplished in the control circuit timesharing, changes into and partial volume.
The current detecting of load circuit and voltage detecting circuit comprise the voltage sampling point at storage battery two ends, are input to testing circuit, are used to detect battery tension; The voltage sampling point of DC/DC circuit output end is input to testing circuit, is used for the voltage of detection of grid voltage to the charge in batteries loop; Current sample point on the charge in batteries current circuit is input to testing circuit, is used to control the continuous current to charge in batteries.
Described DC/AC circuit comprises the MOSFET pipe composition bridge circuit of 4 low pressure low-resistances; The MOSFET pipe control end of 4 low pressure low-resistances is electrically connected with control circuit I/O mouth through drive circuit, and the MOSFET pipe of 4 low pressure low-resistances is divided into two groups, every group two-way pipe series connection, and two groups of parallel connections, series connection point is electrically connected with the low-pressure end of transformer; The two ends of parallel connection are electrically connected with filter circuit.
Described DC/DC circuit is connected in series by 2 low pressure low-resistance MOSFET pipes; The series connection two ends are electrically connected with filter circuit; 2 low pressure low-resistance MOSFET pipe control ends are electrically connected with control circuit I/O mouth through drive circuit; Series connection point is electrically connected with second filter circuit through inductance L, and second filter circuit is electrically connected with storage battery.
Constant current charge and the constant voltage charge of line voltage to storage battery accomplished in described control circuit timesharing, and it changes into flow process and is:
Constant current charge and the constant voltage charge of line voltage to storage battery accomplished in described control circuit timesharing, and its partial volume flow process is:
Advantage of the present invention is: owing to adopt DC/DC and DC/AC that 2~5V battery is discharged and recharged control; DsPIC30F2020 or the dsPIC30F2023 of band DSP in power supply control is adopted; DC/DC partly adopts 2 groups of low pressure low-resistance MOSFET pipes, and every group by the parallel connection of two MOSFET pipes; The DC/AC part is formed bridge circuit by 4 low pressure low-resistance MOSFET pipes; Based on step-down and two kinds of basic structures of booster converter, when storage battery was charged, power supply provided energy to storage battery simultaneously, and when battery discharging, storage battery is to the power supply feedback energy, and circuit is accomplished the two-way flow of energy.The production of power lithium-ion battery changes into, partial volume is realized consumption quick, efficient and the minimizing electric power energy.
Below in conjunction with the embodiment accompanying drawing the present invention is described further:
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an embodiment of the invention circuit theory diagrams;
Fig. 2 is the explanation of DC/DC control mode principle;
Fig. 3 is a control flow chart.
Among the figure, 1, storage battery; 2, line voltage; 3, DC/AC circuit; 4, DC/DC circuit; 5, transformer; 6, testing circuit; 7, control circuit; 8, first filter circuit; 9, second filter circuit; 10, first drive circuit; 11, second drive circuit; 12, load circuit; 13, first voltage sampling point; 14, second voltage sampling point; 15, current sample point.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1; A kind of power lithium-ion battery changes into circuit; Comprise DC/AC circuit 3, DC/DC circuit 4, transformer 5, testing circuit 6 and control circuit 7; Be serially connected with DC/DC circuit 4, DC/AC circuit 3, transformer 5 between storage battery 1 and the line voltage 2 successively, the switch that relay is passed through at the two ends that transformer 5 numbers of turn are many connects line voltage 2, and the two ends that transformer 5 numbers of turn are few connect DC/AC circuit 3 interchange two ends; DC/AC circuit 3 circuit comprise the MOSFET pipe composition bridge circuit of 4 low pressure low-resistances; The MOSFET pipe control end of 4 low pressure low-resistances is electrically connected with control circuit I/O mouth through first drive circuit 10, and the MOSFET pipe of 4 low pressure low-resistances is divided into two groups, every group two-way pipe series connection, and two groups of parallel connections, series connection point is electrically connected with the low-pressure end of transformer; The two ends of parallel connection are electrically connected with first filter circuit 8.DC/DC circuit 4 is connected in series by 2 low pressure low-resistance MOSFET pipes; The series connection two ends are electrically connected with first filter circuit 8; 2 low pressure low-resistance MOSFET pipe control ends are electrically connected with the I/O mouth of control circuit 7 through second drive circuit 11; Series connection point is electrically connected with second filter circuit through inductance L, and second filter circuit is electrically connected with storage battery 1.
The control end of DC/DC circuit 4 and DC/AC circuit 3 is electrically connected with control circuit 7 through first drive circuit 10 and second drive circuit 11; Voltage transitions through control circuit 7 controls carrying out DC/DC circuit 4 and DC/AC circuit 3; Current detecting and voltage detecting circuit are arranged on the load circuit 12; Current detecting and voltage detecting circuit are electrically connected with testing circuit 6; Testing circuit 6 is electrically connected with control circuit 7, and constant current charge, constant voltage charge and the discharge of 2 pairs of storage batterys 1 of line voltage accomplished in control circuit 7 timesharing, changes into and partial volume.
The current detecting of load circuit 12 and voltage detecting circuit comprise the first voltage sampling point 13 at storage battery 1 two ends, are input to the A/D input of testing circuit 6, are used to detect charge in batteries voltage or amplifying voltage; The second voltage sampling point 14 of DC/DC circuit 4 outputs is input to the A/D input of testing circuit 6, is used for the voltage of detection of grid voltage 2 to storage battery 1 charge circuit; Current sample point 15 on the storage battery 1 charging current loop is input to the A/D input of testing circuit 6, is used to control the continuous current to charge in batteries.
DsPIC30F2020 or the dsPIC30F2023 of band DSP in testing circuit 6 adopts.Testing circuit 6 can connect computer through interface, or connects public communication network through network interface, connects computer by public communication network.So that telemanagement or short range management.Accomplish constant current charge and the constant voltage charge of line voltage by computer software to storage battery.Change into partial volume and control.
Constant current charge and the constant voltage charge of line voltage to storage battery accomplished in described control circuit timesharing, and it changes into flow process such as table 1:
Table 1
Annotate:
A. after changing into end, battery is placed polarization with 3250 (*) mV state;
B. after polarization finished, Over-The-Counter was surveyed voltage, sets a magnitude of voltage transmission flow, is lower than the bright lamp of battery respective channel of this voltage, takes in view of the above, has chosen self-discharge battery.Remaining power carries out the partial volume combo.
C. above-mentioned flow process, time, voltage, current data all can be done change and setting according to the actual conditions of each producer in upper computer software.
Constant current charge and the constant voltage charge of line voltage to storage battery accomplished in described control circuit timesharing, its partial volume flow process such as table 2:
Annotate: above-mentioned flow process, time, voltage, current data all can be done change and setting according to the actual conditions of each producer in upper computer software.
DC/DC control mode principle is as shown in Figure 2.Can find out that from schematic diagram this circuit has the dicyclo feedback: electric current loop and Voltage loop.When storage battery was carried out constant current charge or constant-current discharge, current reference value connect the A end, and promptly Iref=Iconst is constant.The electric current set-point, when battery carried out constant voltage charge, system added Voltage loop, and Iref connects the B end, i.e. Iref=Ipid, the PID in the frame of broken lines adopts digital PID to regulate.
DC/AC circuit 3 is accomplished the voltage type PWM rectification circuit, and the controlled target of voltage type PWM rectification circuit has two: one, keep output voltage in allowed limits; Two, near sinusoidal, the ac input power factor approaches 1 to the electric current of control AC side as much as possible.Among the present invention with the most extensively, the double-close-loop direct of practicability connects Current Control Strategy, and is as shown in Figure 3.Can find out this double loop system from last figure, outer shroud is a Voltage loop, and interior ring is the current on line side ring.U is a line voltage, produces net through synchronous generator and presses synchronizing signal.Ud is the DC link busbar voltage, and Uref is the given voltage of program, both difference e
uThrough pi regulator and synchronizing signal through multiplier with become to obtain current-order i*.Guarantee given electric current and net pressure homophase or anti-phase, realize that the AC side power factor is ± 1.
Interior ring detects current on line side value i; Grid side electric current set-point i* and actual electric network side sample rate current value i deviation relatively through pi regulator, D etc. the signal input DSP that produces of translation circuit; DSP produces accurate pwm control signal through analytical calculation; Drive four power devices up and down of two brachium pontis of single-phase PWM rectifier again through overdrive circuit respectively, make power network current trace command electric current.
The double-close-loop direct of voltage type PWM rectifier connect Current Control improved indirect current control dynamic response slow, to the deficiency of parameter sensitivity.Owing to adopted the current on line side closed-loop control, make the dynamic and static characteristic of voltage type PWM rectifier current on line side be improved, have current response faster, also make current on line side insensitive simultaneously to the parameter of system.
Claims (6)
1. a power lithium-ion battery changes into circuit; It is characterized in that: comprise DC/AC circuit, DC/DC circuit, transformer, testing circuit and control circuit at least; Be serially connected with DC/DC circuit, DC/AC circuit, transformer between storage battery and the line voltage successively; DC/DC circuit and DC/AC circuit control end are electrically connected with control circuit, and the voltage transitions through control circuit control carrying out DC/DC circuit and DC/AC circuit has current detecting and voltage detecting circuit on the load circuit; Current detecting and voltage detecting circuit are electrically connected with testing circuit; Testing circuit is electrically connected with control circuit, and constant current charge, constant voltage charge and the discharge of line voltage to storage battery accomplished in the control circuit timesharing, changes into and partial volume.
2. a kind of power lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 changes into circuit, it is characterized in that: the current detecting of load circuit and voltage detecting circuit comprise the voltage sampling point at storage battery two ends, are input to testing circuit, are used to detect battery tension; The voltage sampling point of DC/DC circuit output end is input to testing circuit, is used for the voltage of detection of grid voltage to the charge in batteries loop; Current sample point on the charge in batteries current circuit is input to testing circuit, is used to control the continuous current to charge in batteries.
3. a kind of power lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 changes into circuit, it is characterized in that: described DC/AC circuit comprises the MOSFET pipe composition bridge circuit of 4 low pressure low-resistances; The MOSFET pipe control end of 4 low pressure low-resistances is electrically connected with control circuit I/O mouth through drive circuit, and the MOSFET pipe of 4 low pressure low-resistances is divided into two groups, every group two-way pipe series connection, and two groups of parallel connections, series connection point is electrically connected with the low-pressure end of transformer; The two ends of parallel connection are electrically connected with filter circuit.
4. a kind of power lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 changes into circuit; It is characterized in that: described DC/DC circuit is connected in series by 2 low pressure low-resistance MOSFET pipes; The series connection two ends are electrically connected with filter circuit; 2 low pressure low-resistance MOSFET pipe control ends are electrically connected with control circuit I/O mouth through drive circuit, and series connection point is electrically connected with second filter circuit through inductance L, and second filter circuit is electrically connected with storage battery.
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CN2012100345489A CN102723762A (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2012-02-15 | Lithium ion storage battery formation circuit |
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Cited By (7)
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CN103904714A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-02 | 深圳市沃特玛电池有限公司 | High-current charge and discharge circuit of battery capacity grading cabinet |
CN105914851A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-08-31 | 珠海泰坦新动力电子有限公司 | Multichannel energy bidirectional control circuit |
CN107070279A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2017-08-18 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Electric power coversion system and its control method |
CN107852089A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2018-03-27 | 戴森技术有限公司 | Battery charger |
CN110031679A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-07-19 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of inner walkway technology based on forming and capacity dividing power supply |
CN110149054A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-08-20 | 深圳市新威尔电子有限公司 | Bidirectional DC/DC Battery formation partial volume in parallel detects power supply |
CN113644702A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-11-12 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Power supply circuit control device, power supply circuit control method, and storage medium |
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CN103904714A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-02 | 深圳市沃特玛电池有限公司 | High-current charge and discharge circuit of battery capacity grading cabinet |
CN107852089A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2018-03-27 | 戴森技术有限公司 | Battery charger |
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CN105914851A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-08-31 | 珠海泰坦新动力电子有限公司 | Multichannel energy bidirectional control circuit |
CN110031679A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-07-19 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of inner walkway technology based on forming and capacity dividing power supply |
CN110149054A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-08-20 | 深圳市新威尔电子有限公司 | Bidirectional DC/DC Battery formation partial volume in parallel detects power supply |
CN113644702A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-11-12 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Power supply circuit control device, power supply circuit control method, and storage medium |
CN113644702B (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2024-02-23 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Control device for power supply circuit, control method for power supply circuit, and storage medium |
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Application publication date: 20121010 |