CN102722182B - Sensor arrangement structure for solar tracking system - Google Patents
Sensor arrangement structure for solar tracking system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102722182B CN102722182B CN201210235412.4A CN201210235412A CN102722182B CN 102722182 B CN102722182 B CN 102722182B CN 201210235412 A CN201210235412 A CN 201210235412A CN 102722182 B CN102722182 B CN 102722182B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sensor arrangement structure for a solar tracking system, which belongs to the field of solar equipment. The sensor arrangement structure comprises a horizontal X-axis support and a vertical Y-axis support which are intersected perpendicularly, and the intersection is a lower end point of the Y-axis support and a left end point of the X-axis support; a row of photosensitive sensor devices are respectively arranged on the X-axis support and the Y-axis support in the length directions of the two supports; and each photosensitive sensor device comprises a black cylinder and a photosensitive element with a photosensitive point arranged thereon, the lower opening of the black cylinder is fixed on the photosensitive element and shields the photosensitive point of the photosensitive element, and the upper opening of the black cylinder penetrates out of the X-axis support or the Y-axis support to receive light. By adopting the structure, quick and accurate positioning of the solar tracking system can be realized and the sensor arrangement structure has a simple and reliable design and is easy to popularize.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to solar facilities field, relate in particular to a kind of planar solar concentrator that can make fast perpendicular to the arrangement mode of the sensor of sunray.
Background technology
Along with socioeconomic fast development, the energy problem that the mankind face is more and more outstanding, and sun power, as a kind of clean energy resource, is subject to the generally attention of various countries undoubtedly.Under the same conditions, intensity of illumination is larger, and solar cell output power is larger.Thereby the intensity of illumination of increase solar cell sensitive surface, just can increase solar cell output power.Except improving the transition effects of solar battery itself and improving accumulator cell charging and discharging effect, is the another kind of effective means that improves conversion efficiency in solar energy photovoltic power system to the sun from motion tracking.Therefore,, utilizing in process of sun power, it is necessary implementing solar tracking.
Solar tracking system is in photo-thermal and photovoltaic generation process, optimization sunshine is used, reach the machinery and the ECU (Electrical Control Unit) system that improve photoelectric transformation efficiency, it comprises: motor (direct current, stepping, servo, planetary reducing motor, push-rod electric machine etc.), turbine and worm, sensing system etc.Traditional helioplant is to be erected on ground or other buildings with a fixing support, greatly reduces the utilization factor of sun power.
The method that the sun is followed the tracks of is a lot, but nothing more than for adopt determining position of sun two kinds of coordinate systems used, i.e. the equatorial system of coordinates and the horizontal system of coordinates, and be divided into double-axis tracking and uniaxiality tracking.
The optical collector that various double-shaft solars are followed the tracks of, due to the packing defect of sensor, only a sensor is vertical with sun power carrier, tracking efficiency is low, causes existing the inefficiency that gathers luminous energy, complex structure, the problem that degree of accuracy is not high, and cost is somewhat expensive, is difficult for promoting.
Now also there is double-shaft solar tracking system, the patent that for example application number is 200920153680.This technology uses the mode of four sensor arrangement to follow the tracks of the sun, still, exists repeatedly back and forth the phenomenon that all directions are followed the tracks of, and makes tracking time long, cannot realize and follow the tracks of fast the sun, and practicality is low.
Summary of the invention
1. goal of the invention
The reaction time existing for the solar tracking system existing in prior art is long, the deficiency that precision is low and cost is high, the invention provides a kind of sensor for solar tracking system structure of arranging, it can be so that solar tracking system fast, position accurately, and simplicity of design, reliable, be easy to promote.
2. technical scheme
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of sensor for solar tracking system structure of arranging, it comprises the X-axis support of level and vertical Y-axis support, described X-axis support and Y-axis support vertical intersect, intersection point is the lower extreme point of Y-axis support and the left end point of X-axis support, on described X-axis support and Y-axis support along being respectively arranged with a row photosensitive sensor unit in stent length direction; Each photosensitive sensor unit comprises black cylinder and light activated element, on light activated element, be provided with light activated element sensitivity speck, the lower nozzle of described black cylinder is fixed on light activated element and by the sensitivity speck of light activated element and covers, the upper nozzle of described black cylinder passes X-axis support or Y-axis support, can receive light.The structure of such photosensitive sensor unit and arrangement mode, make to only have bus with the black cylinder light on same straight line can trigger the light activated element of photosensitive sensor unit,, the satisfied black cylinder that is positioned at any two photosensitive sensor units on same axle (X-axis or Y-axis) can not receive light, particularly center photosensitive sensor unit simultaneously and can not receive light with coaxial non-central photosensitive sensor unit simultaneously.Selecting black cylinder is in order to prevent that light from reflecting in cylinder, and causes light activated element false triggering.
Further, described photosensitive sensor unit is divided into two classes: lay respectively at X-axis support and Chu center, Y-axis support centre position photosensitive sensor unit and divide the non-central photosensitive sensor unit that is positioned at photosensitive sensor unit both sides, center and is symmetry arrangement; The black cylinder of center photosensitive sensor unit is perpendicular to X-axis support or the Y-axis support place plane at its place, divide the black cylinder of the non-central photosensitive sensor unit that is positioned at photosensitive sensor unit both sides, center centered by the photosensitive sensor unit of center, with angle delta, successively decrease successively toward two ends with X-axis support or Y-axis support axis of symmetry angulation βCong center along its length.The arrangement of photosensitive sensor unit can make whole system realize tracking fast like this, be that sunray often turns over a Δ angle, arrangement of the present invention can judge that under the control of electric control system planar solar concentrator carrier is not perpendicular to sunshine, thereby adjusts position angle and the elevation angle of planar solar concentrator carrier.Position angle refers to that optical collector carrier does 0 °-360 ° whens rotation at surface level, take Due South to being standard, by an angle towards by east or adjustment to the west of planar solar concentrator carrier.When position angle is adjusted, planar solar concentrator carrier is done side-to-side movement at surface level.
Further, described angle delta size is 3～6 °.Through calculating, Δ angle is less in theory, and system accuracy is higher.But by actual tests, know, maintain 3～6 ° of scopes and can guarantee precision.
Further, X-axis support and Y-axis support are fixed on the surface of planar solar concentrator carrier after intersecting, and overlap with the surperficial keeping parallelism of planar solar concentrator carrier.Could allow like this photosensitive sensor unit of arranging on two supports along with planar solar concentrator carrier moves together, then coordinate suitable electric control system to realize sun light tracking.
Further, the diameter of described black cylinder is 1～3mm.When sunray passes through black cylinder, could trigger photosensitive sensor unit.When the diameter control of black cylinder is within the scope of 1～3mm, make to only have the photosensitive sensor unit of specific direction just to have light to pass through, the precision of whole tracker is improved.
3. beneficial effect
Than prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) sensor for the solar tracking system of the present invention structure of arranging, the twin shaft arrangement architecture of the X-axis support of employing level or vertical Y-axis support cross, because elevation angle and the position angle of the sun in a day all ceaselessly changing, and different latitude, Various Seasonal, the sun altitude at its high noon is different, so double-axis tracking is applicable to each latitude and each season;
(2) sensor for the solar tracking system of the present invention structure of arranging, the arrangement architecture of the row photosensitive sensor unit arranging respectively on X-axis support or Y-axis support, and from the center of support toward both sides, the angle β of black cylinder and X-axis support or Y-axis support axis along its length successively decreases gradually with the angle delta of approximately 1～10 °, like this, sunray often turns over a Δ angle, electric control system just can judge that planar solar concentrator carrier is not perpendicular to sunshine, then adjust position angle and the inclination angle of optical collector carrier, the sensitivity and the degree of accuracy that make whole system follow the tracks of sunray increase substantially,
(3) sensor for the solar tracking system of the present invention structure of arranging, simple in structure, applied widely, can, in conjunction with multiple planar solar concentrator carrier, be easy to promote.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the sensor of the present invention structure of arranging is fixed on the front view on planar solar concentrator carrier;
Fig. 2 is the A-A cut-open view of the Y-axis support in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the B-B cut-open view of the X-axis support in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the enlarged diagram of photosensitive sensor unit of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the arrange electrical block diagram of electric control system of structure of the sensor of embodiment 1.
In figure: 11, X-axis support; 12, Y-axis support; 2, photosensitive sensor unit; 21, black cylinder; 22, light activated element; 23, sensitivity speck; 24, non-central photosensitive sensor unit; 25, center photosensitive sensor unit; 3, planar solar concentrator carrier.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment, further introduce technical scheme of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
As Fig. 1, a kind of sensor for solar tracking system of the present embodiment structure of arranging, comprise the X-axis support 11 of level and vertical Y-axis support 12, X-axis support 11 and Y-axis support 12 intersect vertically, intersection point is the lower extreme point of Y-axis support 12 and the left end point of X-axis support 11, on X-axis support 11 and Y-axis support 12 along being respectively arranged with a row photosensitive sensor unit 2 in stent length direction; As Fig. 4, each photosensitive sensor unit 2 comprises black cylinder 21 and light activated element 22, and the diameter of black cylinder 21 can be 1～3mm.On light activated element 22, be provided with sensitivity speck 23, the lower nozzle of black cylinder 21 is fixed on light activated element 22 and by the sensitivity speck of light activated element 22 23 and covers, and the upper nozzle of black cylinder 21 passes X-axis support 11 or Y-axis support 12, can receive light.
Photosensitive sensor unit 2 is divided into two classes: be positioned at X-axis support 11 and Y-axis support 12 Chu center, centre position photosensitive sensor units 25 and divide the non-central photosensitive sensor unit 24 that is positioned at center photosensitive sensor unit 25 both sides and is symmetry arrangement; The black cylinder 21 of center photosensitive sensor unit 25 is perpendicular to X-axis support 11 or the Y-axis support 12 place planes at its place, divide centered by the black cylinder 21Yi center photosensitive sensor unit 25 of the non-central photosensitive sensor unit 24 that is positioned at center photosensitive sensor unit 25 both sides, with angle delta, successively decrease successively toward two ends with X-axis support 11 or Y-axis support 12 axis of symmetry angulation βCong center along its length, the size of angle delta can be 1～10 °.Sunray often turns over a Δ angle, and planar solar concentrator carrier 3 just can be made and follow action.And when sunray turns over the angle between 0～Δ, it is motionless that planar solar concentrator carrier 3 will keep, until sunray turns over a Δ angle.That is to say that Δ angle is less, planar solar concentrator carrier 3 to follow action more frequent, the time that in the working time, sunray is vertical with planar solar concentrator carrier 3 is also longer, if but Δ angle too little there will be interfere with each other phenomenon.In a word, choosing of Δ angle is that basis experimental result repeatedly obtains, excessive or too small all bad.
The sensor of the present embodiment structure of arranging can adopt the circuit structure as Fig. 5, and to realize the elevation angle and the position angle of Based Intelligent Control planar solar concentrator carrier 3, its actual example is unrestricted.Position angle refers to that planar solar concentrator carrier 3 does 0 °～360 ° whens rotation at surface level, take Due South to being standard, by an angle towards by east or adjustment to the west of planar solar concentrator carrier 3.When position angle is adjusted, planar solar concentrator carrier 3 is done side-to-side movement at surface level.
As Fig. 5, the circuit control system of the present embodiment comprises power supply, controller, motor driving, motor M 1, motor M 2 and photoelectric device, and this photoelectric device is all photosensitive sensor units 2 on X-axis support 11 and Y-axis support 12.
Be positioned at X-axis support 11 center photosensitive sensor unit 25 and be numbered X
0, be positioned at X
0x-axis support 11 parts on the left side are called the left half axle of X-axis support 11, are positioned at X
0x-axis support 11 parts on the right are called the right axle shaft of X-axis support 11, and the non-central photosensitive sensor unit 24 that minute is positioned at photosensitive sensor unit 25 both sides in center on X-axis support 11 is X from centre to both sides number consecutively
1, X
2, X
3x
n-1, X
n, reference numeral is X
1, X
2, X
3x
n-1, X
nnon-central photosensitive sensor unit 24 be followed successively by x with the angle of X-axis support 11
1, x
2, x
3x
n-1, x
n.Specifically referring to Fig. 3.
Be positioned at Y-axis support 12 center photosensitive sensor unit 25 and be numbered Y
0, be positioned at Y
0y-axis support 12 parts of top are called the upper semiaxis of Y-axis support 12, are positioned at Y
0following Y-axis support 12 parts are called the lower semiaxis of Y-axis support 12.
The numbering of the photosensitive sensor unit 2 on Y-axis support 12 is with X-axis support 11, and Ji Qishang center photosensitive sensor unit 25 is numbered Y
0, non-central photosensitive sensor unit 24 is Y from centre to both sides number consecutively
1, Y
2, Y
3y
n-1, Y
n.Reference numeral is Y
1, Y
2, Y
3y
n-1, Y
nnon-central photosensitive sensor unit 24 be followed successively by y with the angle of Y-axis support 12
1, y
2, y
3y
n-1, y
n.Specifically referring to Fig. 2.
As Fig. 1, by all photosensitive sensor units 2 parallel connections on X-axis support 11, all photosensitive sensor units 2 parallel connections on Y-axis support 12.
In conjunction with Fig. 3, with the X on X-axis support 11
0centered by, all non-central photosensitive sensor unit 24 on X-axis support 11 on left half axle is drawn two and is drawn wire, wherein a ground connection; All non-central photosensitive sensor unit 24 on right axle shaft is drawn two and is drawn wire, wherein a ground connection; X-axis support 11Shang center photosensitive sensor unit 25 is drawn two and is drawn wire, wherein a ground connection.Be on X-axis support 11, to draw altogether 3 to draw wire.
As Fig. 2, with the Y on Y-axis support 12
0centered by, all non-central photosensitive sensor unit 24 on Y-axis support 12 on semiaxis is drawn two and is drawn wire, wherein a ground connection; All non-central photosensitive sensor unit 24 on lower semiaxis is drawn two and is drawn wire, wherein a ground connection; Y-axis support 12Shang center photosensitive sensor unit 25 is drawn two and is drawn wire, wherein a ground connection.Be on Y-axis support 12, to draw altogether 3 to draw wire.
To sum up, on X-axis support 11, Y-axis support 12, altogether draw 6 and draw wire.
As Fig. 5, by described 6, to draw wire and be connected with 6 unlike signal input ports of controller, described controller is connected with motor-drive circuit, and described motor drives and is connected with power supply, motor M 1 and motor M 2 respectively.Wherein, the effect of controller is the light signal that judgement light activated element 22 collects, control the electric machine rotation of relevant position, motor M 1 or M2 rotate and drive planar solar concentrator carrier 3 to rotate, and then position angle and the elevation angle of control planar solar concentrator carrier 3, make planar solar concentrator carrier 3 perpendicular to sunshine.Wherein, the elevation angle of M1 Electric Machine Control planar solar concentrator carrier 3, the position angle of M2 Electric Machine Control planar solar concentrator carrier 3.
By the sensor of the present invention structure of arranging, be arranged on planar solar concentrator carrier 3.Be to be fixed on the surface of planar solar concentrator carrier 3 after X-axis support 11 and Y-axis support 12 intersect, and overlap with the surperficial keeping parallelism of planar solar concentrator carrier 3.
When planar solar concentrator carrier 3 is during in non-best light harvesting orientation, planar solar concentrator carrier 3, under the control of motor M 1 and motor M 2, is constantly adjusted space angle, and X-axis support 11 and Y-axis support 12 are all in rotary state constantly.In the adjustment process of angle, when light is injected a certain non-central photosensitive sensor unit 24 on X-axis support 11 (except center photosensitive sensor unit 25.When light activated element 22 sensitization of center photosensitive sensor unit 25, planar solar concentrator carrier 3 is perpendicular to sunlight, do not need to carry out again angular setting), the sensitivity speck 23 of the light activated element 22 of these non-central photosensitive sensor unit 24 correspondences is subject to light and irradiates, and the light signal obtaining is converted into electric signal, the controller being connected with light activated element 22 circuit collects this electric signal, makes to control motor M 1 stall at the elevation angle of planar solar concentrator carrier 3, and motor M 2 is rotated further.The adjustment process of the dimensional orientation on Y-axis support 12 is similar to X-axis support 11, makes before this to control azimuthal motor M 2 stalls of planar solar concentrator carrier 3, and motor M 1 is rotated further.Turn to after certain angle, now in the middle of the direction of sunray and two stands Liang Ge center photosensitive sensor unit 25 the bus of black cylinder 21 parallel (because when controlling motor M 1 stall at the elevation angle, the elevation angle that planar solar concentrator carrier 3 is now described with sun altitude mutually more than, then when the motor M 2 of controlling party parallactic angle is received stall signal, be exactly the sense of rotation that planar solar concentrator carrier 3 has been followed the tracks of the sun.So time planar solar concentrator carrier 3 vertical with sunray, be exactly that sunray is parallel with the bus of the black cylinder 21 of the center photosensitive sensor unit 25 of two stands), all inject inside, reach the object of sun-tracing.
In practical operation, control the motor M 1 at the elevation angle and the motor M 2 of controlling party parallactic angle rotates simultaneously, first the light activated element 22 of certain photosensitive sensor unit 2 on X-axis support 11 or Y-axis support 12 receives light signal, just determined the stall of corresponding motor, another motor is rotated further to signal by controller, until 25 sensitization of center photosensitive sensor unit.If first the light activated element 22 on X-axis support 11 receives light signal, control the first stall of motor M 1 at the elevation angle, the motor M 2 of controlling party parallactic angle is rotated further to X left half axle or right axle shaft direction according to signal deciding that controller is given, until X
0sensitization; If first the light activated element 22 on Y-axis support 12 receives light signal, motor M 2 stalls of controlling party parallactic angle, control the motor M 1 at the elevation angle and rotate to the upper semiaxis of Y or second direction of principal axis according to signal deciding that controller is given, until Y
0sensitization.
In the present embodiment 1, the size of getting black cylinder 21 is as follows: height h=20mm, and bottom surface diameter d=1mm:
Get Δ=3 °, the sun often turns over 3 °, and planar solar concentrator carrier 3 just can be made and follow action, follows sunray and turns 3 °.
Embodiment 2
Than embodiment 1, in the present embodiment 2, the size of getting black cylinder 21 is as follows: height h=20mm, and bottom surface diameter d=2mm:
Get Δ=6 °, the sun often turns over 6 °, and planar solar concentrator carrier 3 just can be made and follow action, follows sunray and turns 6 °.
In sum, the planar solar concentrator carrier 3 that the present invention can use according to reality, the controllers such as the motor of outfit corresponding power, power supply, motor driving and single-chip microcomputer.According to local actual conditions (sunrise and sunset time), the initialization system working time, can reduce system energy consumption, further save the energy.
According to the accuracy requirement of use occasion, determine the production program of control circuit, model, the size of angle delta, the parameters such as diameter of black cylinder 21 of photosensitive sensor unit 2 (sensitivity and the antijamming capability of different sensors are different), capital affects precision, sensitivity and the system cost of manufacture of whole light acquisition system, determine above various scheme and parameter, just can carry out system making.
Claims (3)
1. the sensor for the solar tracking system structure of arranging, it comprises the X-axis support (11) of level and vertical Y-axis support (12), described X-axis support (11) and Y-axis support (12) intersect vertically, intersection point is the lower extreme point of Y-axis support (12) and the left end point of X-axis support (11), it is characterized in that, described X-axis support (11) and Y-axis support (12) are upper along being respectively arranged with a row photosensitive sensor unit (2) in stent length direction;
Each photosensitive sensor unit (2) comprises black cylinder (21) and light activated element (22), on light activated element (22), be provided with the sensitivity speck (23) of light activated element (22), the lower nozzle of described black cylinder (21) is fixed on light activated element (22) above and the sensitivity speck of light activated element (22) (23) is covered, the upper nozzle of described black cylinder (21) passes X-axis support (11) or Y-axis support (12), can receive light;
Wherein, described photosensitive sensor unit (2) is divided into two classes: lay respectively at X-axis support (11) and Y-axis support (12) centre position Chu center photosensitive sensor unit (25) and divide the non-central photosensitive sensor unit (24) that is positioned at center photosensitive sensor unit (25) both sides and is symmetry arrangement;
The black cylinder (21) of center photosensitive sensor unit (25) is perpendicular to X-axis support (11) or Y-axis support (12) the place plane at its place, divide the black cylinder (21) of the non-central photosensitive sensor unit (24) that is positioned at center photosensitive sensor unit (25) both sides centered by center photosensitive sensor unit (25), with angle delta, successively decrease successively toward two ends with X-axis support (11) or Y-axis support (12) axis of symmetry angulation βCong center along its length;
Wherein, described angle delta size is 3～6 °.
2. a kind of sensor for solar tracking system according to claim 1 structure of arranging, it is characterized in that, X-axis support (11) and Y-axis support (12) are fixed on the surface of planar solar concentrator carrier (3) after intersecting, and overlap with the surperficial keeping parallelism of planar solar concentrator carrier (3).
3. a kind of sensor for solar tracking system according to claim 2 structure of arranging, is characterized in that, the diameter of described black cylinder (21) is 1～3mm.
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| CN201210235412.4A CN102722182B (en) | 2012-07-09 | 2012-07-09 | Sensor arrangement structure for solar tracking system |
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| CN201210235412.4A CN102722182B (en) | 2012-07-09 | 2012-07-09 | Sensor arrangement structure for solar tracking system |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101319891A (en) * | 2008-07-21 | 2008-12-10 | 北京交通大学 | Sun-tracing photoreceptor |
| CN101404470A (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2009-04-08 | 林于纮 | Solar strong concentration sun-facing control device and method |
| CN202677201U (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2013-01-16 | 南京工程学院 | Sensor arrangement structure for solar energy tracking system |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5391523B2 (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2014-01-15 | 順一 三島 | Solar energy device |
| US7381886B1 (en) * | 2007-07-30 | 2008-06-03 | Emcore Corporation | Terrestrial solar array |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101404470A (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2009-04-08 | 林于纮 | Solar strong concentration sun-facing control device and method |
| CN101319891A (en) * | 2008-07-21 | 2008-12-10 | 北京交通大学 | Sun-tracing photoreceptor |
| CN202677201U (en) * | 2012-07-09 | 2013-01-16 | 南京工程学院 | Sensor arrangement structure for solar energy tracking system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| JP特开2008-232577A 2008.10.02 |
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