CN102721695A - Method for detecting printed circuit board defect - Google Patents
Method for detecting printed circuit board defect Download PDFInfo
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- CN102721695A CN102721695A CN2012101552630A CN201210155263A CN102721695A CN 102721695 A CN102721695 A CN 102721695A CN 2012101552630 A CN2012101552630 A CN 2012101552630A CN 201210155263 A CN201210155263 A CN 201210155263A CN 102721695 A CN102721695 A CN 102721695A
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- straight line
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting a printed circuit board defect. The method comprises the steps of: parsing Gerber file codes, searching for all circles in the file, saving corresponding parameters, parsing the Gerber file codes, searching all straight lines in the file, saving corresponding parameters, comparing difference change between distance values of framework pixel points and straight lines line width values, carrying out classification searching on defects. By using a technical scheme provided by the invention, an omission ratio and a fall-out ratio can be reduced; a defect of the detection printed circuit board and a type of the defect can be automatically discovered; and the method has high generality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that detects defect of printed circuit board, more specifically, relate to a kind of method that detects the typical defect of printed circuit board (PCB) based on Gerber file live width alignment algorithm.Belong to the PCB detecting technical field.
Background technology
Printed circuit board (PCB) is the critical piece of various electronic products, and the title of " mother of electronic product " is arranged, and it is that any electronic equipment and product all need be equipped with, and the quality of its performance has influence on the quality of electronic product to a great extent.Almost each electronic equipment all be unable to do without PCB, arrives Aero-Space, military armament systems etc. greatly to accutron, counter for a short time, all comprise of all kinds, the pcb board of different sizes.In recent years, along with improving constantly of production technology, to ultrathin type, small components, high density, the fast development of thin space direction, this trend has been brought a lot of challenges and difficulty to quality detection work to PCB.Therefore the detection of PCB fault has become a key problem in the PCB manufacture process, is the problem that electronic product manufacturer pays special attention to.On production line, producer must require 100% qualification rate for guaranteeing the quality of pcb board, and all parts, subprocess and finished product are not always the case.
The method that existing defect of printed circuit board detects is a lot; Be broadly divided into two types: the one, with reference to relative method; It is with PCB to be detected and Standard PC B pointwise comparison or the characteristic that extracts on characteristic that extracts on the PCB to be checked and the Standard PC B relatively, and any difference all is considered to potential defective.Advantage with reference to relative method is conceptive directly perceived, and circuit is realized simple, and shortcoming is the accurate aligning of requirement PCB to be checked and Standard PC B locus, otherwise the false declaration that detects is alert more.Two right and wrong are with reference to method; It is to detect PCB whether to satisfy design rule, mainly is to carry out the size verification, checks promptly whether conductor and pad equidimension satisfy desired width of design standards and gap; Any and design rule require not to be inconsistent, and all are considered to potential defective.Its advantage is to need not with reference to PCB, thereby it need not to aim at, and shortcoming is to detect the defective that satisfies design size, as losing certain bar lead etc. on the PCB.
Therefore, need a kind of method that alert, as to detect the defective that satisfies design size defect of printed circuit board detects of making a false report that detects precisely, reduces.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of prior art, a kind of method that detects defect of printed circuit board be provided, may further comprise the steps:
All circles in step 1, the search Gerber file;
All straight lines in step 2, the search Gerber file;
Step 3, take the coordinate conversion between figure and the Gerber file;
Step 4, extract skeleton, obtain on the skeleton each pixel distance between the straight line recently in the Gerber file according to Gerber file cathetus parameter;
Step 5, carry out classification of defects according to the distance value of skeleton pixel and the magnitude relationship of straight line live width.
Further, the step of searching for circles all in the Gerber file in the step 1 is: resolve all D03 items in the Gerber file, detect centre coordinate and radius information of all circles, through four pilot hole registrations in upper left, upper right, bottom right, the lower left corner.
Further; The step of searching all straight lines in the Gerber file in the said step 2 comprises: resolve all D sign indicating numbers in the Gerber file; Through searching D01 and D02 sign indicating number successively; Find out straight line origin coordinates all in the file, stop coordinate, angle θ, live width w, 7 parameters such as straight line normal equation P.
In the nonrestrictive embodiment; Coordinate conversion in the said step 3 between shooting figure and the Gerber file further comprises: appoint get the point of two on the skeleton (x1, y1), (x2; Y2) and the coordinate (X1 in the corresponding Gerber file; Y1), (X2 Y2) solves coordinate transformation parameter m1, m2, p1, p2.
Further, extract skeleton in the said step 4, according to Gerber file cathetus parameter obtain each pixel on the skeleton in the Gerber file recently the step of the distance between the straight line further comprise:
Step 41: ask for pixel
on the skeleton to the distance of all straight line
Find the shortest straight line of distance images vegetarian refreshments
according to the d value;
Find the pixel
The shortest distance to the line intersection coordinates
:
Step 42: judge this pixel to the intersection point of straight line whether on straight line.
Said step 42 further comprises: establish straight line starting point horizontal ordinate for
, the terminating point horizontal ordinate is
;
Make <img file=" 980472DEST_PATH_IMAGE007.GIF " he=" 31 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 165 " />; if <img file=" 888385DEST_PATH_IMAGE008.GIF " he=" 22 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 17 " /> < 0, explain that intersection point is certainly between straight line; if <img file=" 836749DEST_PATH_IMAGE008.GIF " he=" 22 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 17 " >0; Intersection point is described not on straight line, is needed to get rid of; if <img file=" 804705DEST_PATH_IMAGE008.GIF " he=" 22 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 17 " />=0; Explain that intersection point overlaps with certain end points of straight line, need to get rid of.
Further; According to the magnitude relationship of the distance value of skeleton pixel and straight line live width defective is classified in the said step 5 and may further comprise the steps: establishing certain pixel on the skeleton is s to the distance value of nearest straight line; The straight line line width values is s '; According to apart from exceptional value with classification of defects: if s>s ', description defect be a convexity; If s s ', description defect is depression; If s '=0, s ≠ 0, description defect is for opening circuit; If s ' ≠ 0, s=0, description defect is short circuit.
Technical scheme of the present invention can reduce loss and false drop rate, and can find automatically to detect the defective that printed circuit board (PCB) exists, and defect kind, has stronger versatility.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram that the present invention searches for all circles of Gerber file;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram that the present invention searches for all straight lines of Gerber file;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of detection defect of printed circuit board method provided by the invention.
Embodiment
In order to solve the problem that existing algorithm exists, a kind of method that detects defect of printed circuit board is provided, this method is based on Gerber file live width alignment algorithm, and this method may further comprise the steps:
All circles in step 1, the search Gerber file find four setting circles of pcb board, for taking registration between figure and the Gerber file;
All straight lines in step 2, the search Gerber file;
Step 3, take the coordinate conversion between figure and the Gerber file;
Step 4, extract skeleton,, ask on the skeleton each pixel distance between the straight line recently in the Gerber file according to 7 straight line parameters in the Gerber file;
Step 5, defective is classified according to the distance value of skeleton pixel and the magnitude relationship of straight line live width.
The step of all circles in the above-mentioned steps 1 in the search Gerber file further comprises:
Step 11: resolve all D03 items in the Gerber file, this D03 is numbered the instruction of picture circle, representes that the coordinate of delegation is a centre coordinate before this line code.Detect the centre coordinate and the radius information of all circles, through four pilot hole registrations in upper left, upper right, bottom right, the lower left corner.Referring to accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 1 is searched for all round synoptic diagram of Gerber file for the present invention, in a nonrestrictive embodiment; At first resolve the Gerber file, secondly, search " %ADDxxC; ###*% " statement, wherein " AD " expression defines aperture, the type and the size of " Dxx " expression definition " Dxx " aperture; The type of " C " expression definition aperture is a circular iris, promptly searches the sole criterion of circle, the diameter of " ### " expression circular iris.In this way; Search all D03 codes; (shutter was closed when desktop moved for " flicker " order; Open and close again when desktop moves to corresponding coordinate time shutter, will on film, stay the aperture influence so at once), can search out all circles in the Gerber file.
The step of searching all straight lines in the Gerber file in the above-mentioned steps 2 further comprises:
Step 21: resolve all D sign indicating numbers in the Gerber file; Corresponding X, Y coordinate are the straight line exposure position; Through searching D01 and D02 sign indicating number successively, find out straight line initial sums all in the file and stop coordinate (4 parameters), angle θ, live width w, 7 parameters such as straight line normal equation P.X, Y value have determined the placement and the mapping position of the D sign indicating number of a certain shape and size in the Gerber file.X and Y value determine bare headed exposure position as one group of coordinate.State when adopting the D sign indicating number to confirm to move between the image, shaven head line, the exposure status when drawing arc and draw the state when moving between two images.Looking for straight line needs " D01 " all in the search file and " D02 " code, " D01 " expression setting-out order, and " D02 " is mobile desktop and the not order of exposed plate just looks like to be the start to write setting-out and the mobile penholder of starting writing.Further referring to accompanying drawing 2, accompanying drawing 2 is the design sketch of all straight lines of search Gerber file of the present invention.
Shooting figure that above-mentioned steps 3 is mentioned and the coordinate conversion between the Gerber file further may further comprise the steps: establish in the Gerber file A point coordinate for (X, Y), taking figure A ' point coordinate is (x; Y), appoint get the point of two on the skeleton (x1, y1); (x2, y2) and the coordinate in the corresponding Gerber file (X1, Y1); (X2, Y2) the substitution formula following in, can solve coordinate transformation parameter m1, m2, p1, p2:
（1-2）
（1-3）
Above three formula of simultaneous find the coordinate transformation relation between shooting figure and the Gerber file, can guarantee when the detection range exceptional value, inconsistent phenomenon can not occur.
According to 7 parameters of straight line (origin coordinates, stop coordinate, angle θ, live width w, straight line normal equation P), ask each pixel on the skeleton further to comprise to the step of the distance of nearest straight line:
Step 41: ask for pixel
on the skeleton to the distance of all straight line
Find the shortest straight line of distance images vegetarian refreshments
according to the d value.
Find the pixel
The shortest distance to the line intersection coordinates
:
Step 42: judge this pixel to the intersection point of straight line whether on straight line.If straight line starting point horizontal ordinate is
, the terminating point horizontal ordinate is
.
Need specially statement at this; " straight line " described in the present invention is the generic representation of this area; Those skilled in the art can understand according to the description of embodiment of the present invention; Said straight line is actually the residing straight line of line segment, and all straight lines of search Gerber file are actually all straight-line segments of search Gerber file.
Make
,
if
< 0, explain that intersection point is certainly between straight line;
if <img file=" 967800DEST_PATH_IMAGE008.GIF " he=" 22 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 17 " >0; Intersection point is described not on straight line, is needed to get rid of;
if
=0; Explain that intersection point overlaps with certain end points of straight line, need to get rid of.
According to the magnitude relationship of the distance value of skeleton pixel and straight line live width defective is classified in the above-mentioned steps 5 and may further comprise the steps:
If certain pixel is s to the distance value of nearest straight line on the skeleton, the straight line line width values is s ', according to apart from exceptional value with classification of defects:
If s>s ', description defect is protruding;
If s s ', description defect is depression;
If s '=0, s ≠ 0, description defect is for opening circuit;
If s ' ≠ 0, s=0, description defect is short circuit.
The process flow diagram of detection defect of printed circuit board method provided by the invention is as shown in Figure 3.
The present invention must all justify in the search file through resolving the Gerber document code, and preserves relevant parameter; Resolve the Gerber document code, all straight lines in the search file, and preserve relevant parameter; The relatively distance value of skeleton pixel and the variation of the difference between the straight line live width technological means such as search with classification of defects, can reach following technique effect: 1. on the diagonal line of any circuit board; Four setting circles appear in capital in pairs; And size is identical, utilizes this 4 Mark hole coordinate registrations, can allow the pixel deviation; Even can not mate fully, do not influence the detection effect yet; 2. the algorithm of traditional sense normally with the Gerber file conversion after the figure registration, if registration has a little deviation, will cause a large amount of omissions and flase drop; And take directly to resolve the Gerber document code, get access to the live width of every line segment, with the pixel distance value contrast behind the extraction skeleton; Take place unusually in case search distance value, then can find the defective that exists, again according to corresponding its classification of defects of distance value situation of change; This efficiency of algorithm is high, and can detect to lack and fall into kind, highly versatile arbitrarily.
Claims (7)
1. method that detects defect of printed circuit board may further comprise the steps:
All circles in step 1, the search Gerber file find four setting circles of pcb board, for taking registration between figure and the Gerber file;
All straight lines in step 2, the search Gerber file;
Step 3, take the coordinate conversion between figure and the Gerber file;
Step 4, extract skeleton, obtain on the skeleton each pixel distance between the straight line recently in the Gerber file according to Gerber file cathetus parameter;
Step 5, carry out classification of defects according to the distance value of skeleton pixel and the magnitude relationship of straight line live width.
2. the method for detection defect of printed circuit board as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
The step of searching for circles all in the Gerber file in the step 1 is: resolve all D03 items in the Gerber file, detect centre coordinate and radius information of all circles, through four pilot hole registrations in upper left, upper right, bottom right, the lower left corner.
3. the method for detection defect of printed circuit board as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the step of searching all straight lines in the Gerber file in the said step 2 comprises:
Resolve all D sign indicating numbers in the Gerber file, through searching D01 and D02 sign indicating number successively, find out straight line origin coordinates all in the file, stop coordinate, angle θ, live width w, 7 parameters such as straight line normal equation P.
4. the method for detection defect of printed circuit board as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the coordinate conversion in the said step 3 between shooting figure and the Gerber file further may further comprise the steps:
If the A point coordinate is in the Gerber file (X, Y), taking figure A ' point coordinate is (x; Y), appoint get the point of two on the skeleton (x1, y1); (x2, y2) and the coordinate in the corresponding Gerber file (X1, Y1); (X2 Y2) among substitution formula (1-1), (1-2), (1-3), solves coordinate transformation parameter m1, m2, p1, p2:
5. the method for detection defect of printed circuit board as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: extract skeleton in the said step 4, according to Gerber file cathetus parameter obtain each pixel on the skeleton in the Gerber file recently the step of the distance between the straight line further comprise:
Step 41: ask for pixel
on the skeleton to the distance of all straight line
Find the shortest straight line of distance images vegetarian refreshments
according to the d value;
Find the pixel
The shortest distance to the line intersection coordinates
:
Step 42: judge this pixel to the intersection point of straight line whether on straight line.
6. the method for detection defect of printed circuit board as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: said step 42 further comprises:
If straight line starting point horizontal ordinate is
, the terminating point horizontal ordinate is
;
Make
if
< 0, explain that intersection point is certainly between straight line;
if <img file=" 392648DEST_PATH_IMAGE011.GIF " he=" 22 " id=" ifm0014 " img-content=" drawing " img-format=" jpg " inline=" no " orientation=" portrait " wi=" 17 " >0; Intersection point is described not on straight line, is needed to get rid of;
if
=0; Explain that intersection point overlaps with certain end points of straight line, need to get rid of.
7. the method for detection defect of printed circuit board as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: according to the magnitude relationship of the distance value of skeleton pixel and straight line live width defective being classified in the said step 5 may further comprise the steps:
If certain pixel is s to the distance value of nearest straight line on the skeleton, the straight line line width values is s ', according to apart from exceptional value with classification of defects:
If s>s ', description defect is protruding;
If s s ', description defect is depression;
If s '=0, s ≠ 0, description defect is for opening circuit;
If s ' ≠ 0, s=0, description defect is short circuit.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210155263.0A CN102721695B (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | Method for detecting printed circuit board defect |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210155263.0A CN102721695B (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | Method for detecting printed circuit board defect |
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| CN104933705A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-09-23 | 广东正业科技股份有限公司 | Slot hole detection method through time-space ring data structure and device thereof |
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| CN114384204B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2024-03-22 | 广州兴森快捷电路科技有限公司 | PCB jointed board detection device, system, method and storage medium |
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