CN102721351A - Measuring head upward-pointing type overflow measuring instrument capable of measuring subsidence of roof of underground cavern - Google Patents
Measuring head upward-pointing type overflow measuring instrument capable of measuring subsidence of roof of underground cavern Download PDFInfo
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- CN102721351A CN102721351A CN2012102309862A CN201210230986A CN102721351A CN 102721351 A CN102721351 A CN 102721351A CN 2012102309862 A CN2012102309862 A CN 2012102309862A CN 201210230986 A CN201210230986 A CN 201210230986A CN 102721351 A CN102721351 A CN 102721351A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a measuring head upward-pointing type overflow measuring instrument capable of measuring subsidence of a roof of an underground cavern, which comprises a measuring tube, an overflow tube, a modified dial indicator, an upright rod and a communicating tube connected with the measuring tube and the overflow tube. The sinking surface of the roof can be measured via the following steps of: assembling and connecting the measuring tube and the overflow tube, and fixing the measuring tube on the bottom plate of the cavern; supporting the overflow tube in a handholding way or with a temporary support rod until a round bubble on a water collecting plate is centered and a ball-shaped measuring head on the upper part of the upright rod abuts against one measuring point on the roof to be tested; slowly filling water into the measuring tube, ensuring no air bubbles in the measuring tube, and making water flow into the overflow tube through the communicating tube until water flows out through a triangular overflow port of the overflow tube; and measuring the vertical distance between the water level in the measuring tube and the upper surface of a top cover with the modified dial indicator, and taking the measured vertical distance as a measured value of the measuring point; and repeating the above steps and marking the sinking surface of the roof according to the measured values. The measuring head upward-pointing type overflow measuring instrument has the advantages of high accuracy of measurement, convenience in operation, low cost of measurement, no damage to the roof of the tested cavern and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of overflow-type linker that underground chamber crushes that is used to measure, refer to formula overflow measuring instrument on especially a kind of gauge head.
Background technology
Concerning a cavern (also comprising ancient cavern), it will produce the displacement that causes because of excavation excavation back, comprise top board vertically to displacement, i.e. sinking.In theory, above-mentioned displacement will change along with putting off of time.In theory; Each all will occur the face that crushes constantly; Each face that crushes all is that a vertical segment (or one of them process) in deformation process takes place this top board in other words; Even top board no longer deforms in a certain amount of time, what seen also is segment or the process in its deformation process in this period.Measuring and study the crush fundamental purpose of face of ancient cavern is: first; Under given conditions (as; An ancient cavern of excavating in the horizontal layer rock mass is a top board with certain aspect often), occur leaning on the more greatly surface of subsidence (see figure 1) of characteristic of its deflection of middle part more if find this aspect top board, and can measure its shape with enough accuracy; So, can utilize it to carry out the back analysis of relevant rock mass elastic modulus.In addition, under the condition in the age of establishing that can confirm this Gu engineering, can also utilize it to carry out the back analysis of the coefficient of viscosity.Be also pointed out that above-mentioned inverting is not only applicable to ancient engineering in principle, and be applicable to the modern underground works that those deflections are bigger.Certainly, for non-flat bedded other cavern,, also can do above-mentioned inverting as long as its surface of subsidence is enough big.Also should explain, in the ordinary course of things, the cavern's amount of crushing that causes because of rheology usually seldom, so when the back analysis of making the coefficient of viscosity, require the precision of corresponding measurement technology higher (requiring usually to measure) less than 1mm; The second, the surface of subsidence of ancient cavern top board measures and can also be used for the description of the current shape of ancient cavern's top board and be used for the measurement of above-mentioned surface of subsidence destruction situation when more serious destruction appears in top board.This with the evaluation that helps cavern's roof stability with make the formulation that relevant ancient cavern protects countermeasure for a long time.
Can be used for not only satisfying the prior art that above-mentioned surface of subsidence measures fundamental purpose but also do not damage rock mass, mainly contain instruments such as perpendicular chi, transit, three-dimensional laser scanner.Below put up with their measuring principle, the key technical indexes and problem such as the advantage when being applied to crush planar survey and weak point is analyzed:
(1) measuring staff
Only can measure on the top board each point to the vertical range of base plate with measuring staff during for level, and confirm the surface of subsidence of top board in view of the above at base plate; When base plate occurs tilting or is uneven; Also need a spirit-leveling instrument that stands on certain point on cavern's base plate to make conjunction measuring; Promptly when measuring the vertical range of each point each respective point to base plate on the top board with measuring staff; The vertical range of the intersection point of the measuring staff in measuring a certain imaginary horizontal plane and measure with spirit-leveling instrument again certain point to the base plate of upright measuring staff is so that eliminate the inclination and the influence of problem to the face measurement that crushes that be uneven of base plate.The advantage of this method for measurement is that principle is simple; Easy to operate (particularly when floor level with to measure cost lower etc.; But its subject matter is that (when being back analysis, the error of this method for measurement is excessive: the error in measurement of measuring staff is generally 0.5-1.0mm when the structure of being surveyed being used for above-mentioned purpose one; When needing spirit-leveling instrument to cooperate because of the base plate injustice, its error is two kinds of instrument error in measurement sums, might surpass 1.5-2.5mm.
(2) transit
Utilize the crush method for measurement of face of transit, the same with above-mentioned measuring staff method for measurement, it is simple also to have principle, easy to operate with measure advantages such as cost is lower.But when it serves the inverting of country rock mechanics parameter, also exist the excessive problem of error.
(3) three-dimensional laser scanner
Switzerland come card Leica Scan Station 2 is one of present state-of-the-art three-dimensional laser scanners.It is used for above-mentioned purpose two and is expected to obtain good measurement, still exists the excessive problem of error but be used for above-mentioned inverting purpose (being purpose one), and its error in measurement maybe be greater than 2mm.When deal with data, sometimes also can be because of confirming that reference field produces some personal errors.In addition, because this kind instrument is very expensive, so its measurement cost is also higher.Sometimes, also can not find this instrument and be used for in-site measurement.
Summary of the invention
The various needs that face measures seeing that crush in above-mentioned ancient cavern; And at present used existing method has hindered practical application because of existing some deficiency again; Patent request of the present invention has proposed to can be used for to measure the cavern and has crushed and refer to formula overflow measuring instrument on the gauge head of face, comprises that one is measured tube, an overflow cylinder; A dial gauge and a horizontal drafting board thereof through repacking, a vertical rod that is connected with the overflow cylinder loam cake and a communicating pipe that is connected measurement tube and overflow cylinder; The measurement tube is kept a foothold and the base plate contact point triangle centre of form at the bottom of the hole is the true origin of measuring system, and the pearl shape gauge head of overflow cylinder top vertical rod then contacts with the tested point of top board; Measure in tube and the overflow cylinder water all is housed, hollow cannula is all arranged on both chassis, through connecting transparent communicating pipe; The dial gauge sounding rod inserts measures the relative relief value that records each tested point of top board in the tube.
Measure tube by measuring tube chassis, measurement tube top cover and measuring the transparent cylindrical shell of tube and form; The three is installed together through screw thread and O shape ring, and measuring the tube chassis has 3 through holes, can insert the measurement tube and keep a foothold; And through through hole up and down two nuts with measure a tube chassis and be connected, in order to support measurement tin.Measuring on the tube chassis has a hollow cannula, is connected with the measurement tube through viscose glue, and measuring has water injection hole and the measured hole that can insert the dial gauge sounding rod on the tube top cover;
Overflow cylinder is made up of overflow cylinder drip tray, overflow cylinder loam cake and the transparent cylindrical shell of overflow cylinder; The three is connected with O shape ring by screw thread; One hollow cannula is arranged at the overflow cylinder bottom, is connected with overflow cylinder by viscose glue, and the overflow cylinder drip tray is provided with a circular bubble; Can make overflow cylinder maintenance level, the overflow cylinder stack shell is provided with the overflow estuary;
Measuring tube needs with support supports of keeping a foothold, and overflow cylinder only need be handed and get final product, and also can use interim pole support where necessary; Measure in tube and the overflow cylinder water all is housed, and make the water surface elevation in the overflow cylinder keep identical with measurement tube water surface elevation through the overflow estuary on the overflow cylinder;
Vertical rod is positioned at overflow cylinder top, is connected with the overflow cylinder loam cake through screw thread, and the vertical rod adjustable length, can make the transparent cylindrical shell of overflow cylinder roughly with measure a height such as the transparent cylindrical shell of tube grade, the pearl shape gauge head of rod end contacts with tested point.Because tested point is cavern's top board, therefore gauge head is to refer to the formula measuring instrument on the gauge head upwards.
The dial gauge of reequiping is made up of gauge head, sounding rod, horizontal drafting board, pressure-raising spare, transmission bar and interior outer connector etc.The measurement decorative pearl on top of an official cap of dial gauge is adapted as needle point formula gauge head; Sounding rod is adapted as the more piece sounding rod that is threaded and forms through negative and positive by a plurality of sounding rods; The adapter overcoat of more piece sounding rod is connected with viscose glue with horizontal drafting board, and horizontal drafting board is plane contact with measurement tube top cover top.Interior outer connector, transmission bar and pressure-raising spare are positioned at the tail end of more piece sounding rod, are sliding contact between interconnecting piece and the outer connector.Pressure-raising spare is connected through threaded engagement with outer connector, and connects through gluing between the dial gauge transmission bar.
Interconnecting piece band one annular groove connects through gluing with the outside surface that transmits the bar protective sleeve with dial gauge circle shell, on the interconnecting piece outside surface, puts the outer connector of an inner band closely-pitched female screw, and outer connector can be that axle is done to horizontally rotate with the interconnecting piece.
There are two relative circular small through hole the lower end of outer connector, utilizes the roundlet rod member to insert in the annular groove of interconnecting piece through small through hole, with glue roundlet rod member and outer connector is adhesively fixed again.The roundlet rod member is for becoming the diameter rod member, and head diameter is less, and tail diameter is bigger, and head inserts in the circular small through hole.
The closely-pitched pin thread that pressure-raising spare peripheral distribution has the closely-pitched female screw with above-mentioned outer connector to match, in circular hole in is arranged, there are two vertical aperture both sides, the somewhat larger in diameter of its hollow round hole is transmitted the external diameter (as shown in Figure 3) of bar in dial gauge.Circular-hole internal-wall and dial gauge transmit to stick with glue between the bar and connect in the pressure-raising spare, can screw in pressure-raising spare in the outer connector with the vertical aperture of finer wire by means of pressure-raising spare both sides, and it are equal to make pressure-raising spare upper surface and dial gauge transmit the bar upper surface.
With respect to top board flexural measurement instruments such as existing measuring staff, transit and three-dimensional laser scanners, the present invention has following tangible advantage:
(1) precision is higher
Only see that technology of the present invention will be higher than above-mentioned existing three kinds of technology with regard to the measurement accuracy of the amount of crushing.For example; When adopting measurement result in order to inverting (promptly according to the metric data of deflection elastic modulus and the coefficient of viscosity of country rock being carried out inverting), existing three kinds of technology all exist the not high enough problem of precision of relevant deflection measurement under the prerequisite of not damaging ancient surrounding rock of chamber.But adopt the measurement accuracy of the technological deflection measured value of being surveyed of the present invention higher, in the ordinary course of things, can satisfy the requirement of above-mentioned inverting.
(2) carry with easy to operate
Agent structure of the present invention is that a cover dial gauge is surveyed read apparatus, a vertical rod, two transparent cylindrical shells, and a cover is measured tube and kept a foothold and a communicating pipe, and above-mentioned parts can disassembled and assembled freely, therefore, transports and carry all very convenient.Owing to be connected to direct insertion between each parts or the connection of nut formula; Be easy to assemble at the scene; And after tested point is selected; After will measuring tube and being fixed on selected position, only need to be displaced into overflow cylinder and position vertical rod 18 on it between each tested point just passable, so technology of the present invention also has easy to operate advantage.
(3) cost is lower
The principle that employing the present invention technology measures the face that crushes is clear, and apparatus structure is simple, and cost is low, so the measurement cost is also very low.
Accompanying drawing and description of drawings
Fig. 1 excavates in the sinking situation of the cavern's top board with horizontal stratum country rock
Refer to the structure of formula overflow measuring instrument on Fig. 2 gauge head and be used for the method that cavern's face that crushes measures;
The structure of modification synoptic diagram of club head B is transmitted on Fig. 3 dial gauge top;
Description of reference numerals wherein:
1. nut; 2. measuring tube keeps a foothold; 3. measure the tube chassis; 4. water filling port; 5. dial gauge; 6. top cover measured hole; 7. horizontal drafting board; 8. more piece sounding rod; 9. measure the tube top cover; 10. needle point formula gauge head; 11. the water surface; 12. measure the transparent cylindrical shell of tube; 13. measure the tube hollow cannula; 14. measure tube O shape ring; 15. measure the tube point of fixity; 16. top board tested point; 17. pearl shape gauge head; 18. vertical rod; 19. length adjustment bar; 20. overflow cylinder loam cake; 21. overflow estuary; 22. the transparent cylindrical shell of overflow cylinder; 23. overflow cylinder drip tray; 24. overflow cylinder hollow cannula; 25. the O shape of overflow cylinder ring; 26. circular bubble; 27. interim strut connector; 28. communicating pipe; 29. pressure-raising spare; 30. glue; 31. transmission bar; 32. outer connector; 33. interconnecting piece; 34. roundlet rod member; 35. protective sleeve; 36. dial gauge circle shell
Embodiment
Adopting the present invention's technology to measure when face is crushed in the cavern can carry out according to following steps:
(1) is fixed on the measurement tube chassis 3 measuring tube hollow cannula 13 bondings with glue; To measure tube chassis 3, measure tube top cover 9 and measure the transparent cylindrical shell 12 of tube with screw thread respectively again and be installed together; And compress measurement tube O shape ring 14, to form measurement tube as shown in Figure 2; In addition, be fixed in overflow cylinder hollow cannula 24 bondings on the overflow cylinder drip tray 23 with glue.With screw thread overflow cylinder drip tray 23, overflow cylinder loam cake 20 are installed together with the transparent cylindrical shell 22 of overflow cylinder respectively again, and compress overflow cylinder O shape ring 25, to form overflow cylinder as shown in Figure 2.
(2) on the base plate of cavern to be measured, select an appropriate point position 15 with fixation measuring tube 12: to utilize up and down two nuts 1 respectively three measurement tubes that insert 3 through holes measuring the tube chassis to be kept a foothold and 2 be fixed on and measure a tube chassis 3.Again by means of with measure a tube chassis 3 and be connected and be inserted on cavern's base plate three in the selected appropriate point position 15 and measure tube and keep a foothold and 2 will measure tube and be vertically fixed on selected;
Measuring 3 the formed triangle centre of form of contact point O that tube keeps a foothold with base plate with above-mentioned three again is initial point, sets up a right hand rectangular coordinate system OXYZ, and wherein Z axially goes up to just.
(3) couple together being positioned at measurement tube hollow cannula of measuring on the tube chassis 3 13 and the overflow cylinder hollow cannula 24 that is positioned on the overflow cylinder drip tray 23 with a transparent communicating pipe 28.Slowly inject bubble-free clear water from the water filling port 4 of measuring tube 12 again, and note not allowing the clear water of injection bubble to occur,, then should get rid of clean as occurring;
(4) hand-held overflow cylinder is installed in vertical rod 18 on the connecting thread that is positioned at overflow cylinder loam cake 20 tops.In order to make the transparent cylindrical shell 22 of overflow cylinder roughly remain on and measure the position of transparent cylindrical shell 12 height such as grade of tube; Can change the length of vertical rod through adjuster bar 19; Hand-held overflow cylinder; The pearl shape gauge head 17 that is positioned at rod end is vertically withstood on the tested point A on the top board 16, and make the circular bubble 26 that is positioned at overflow cylinder drip tray 23 lateral surfaces placed in the middle, but require overflow cylinder hand-held in the dial gauge survey is read during this period of time enough to stablize.In addition, also can be equipped with in addition 2 heads and have the interim pole that matches with the screw thread that is positioned at the interim strut connector 27 of seal cup 23 bottoms so that overflow cylinder stably is supported on cavern's base plate.
(5) again from being positioned at the water filling port 4 measured on the tube top cover 9 lentamente to measuring a tube water filling; Let water have no the transparent cylindrical shell 12 of entering measurement tube and a transparent communicating pipe 28 under the situation of bubble; And through its slow transparent cylindrical shell 22 of overflow cylinder that flows into, the water 11 in overflow cylinder slowly overflows from the overflow estuary 21 on the overflow cylinder.
(6) insert a measured hole 6 that is positioned at measurement tube top cover 9 centers to the more piece sounding rod 8 of the band needle point formula gauge head 10 of a transformed dial gauge; Adapter overcoat gluing horizontal drafting board 7 together with dial gauge more piece sounding rod is pressed on the plane of measuring tube top cover upper surface, to guarantee measuring accuracy.But in accomplishing the aforesaid operations process, note also and utilize the pressure-raising spare 29 of the head that lays respectively at dial gauge top and outside transmission bar 31 that the more piece sounding rod 8 of the band needle point formula gauge head of dial gauge is mentioned, make needle point formula gauge head 10 water surface 11 of the transparent cylindrical shell 12 of contact measurement tube not that is arranged in more piece sounding rod bottom.Then; Through slowly rotating outer connector 32, will put down with the more piece sounding rod 8 of needle point formula gauge head 10 lentamente again, make needle point formula gauge head progressively the water surface in measuring tin near; Till the lower end tip of needle point formula gauge head touches the moment of the water surface, read and write down the reading ZA of dial gauge.According to one's analysis, this crush measurement accuracy＜0.05mm of face measurement technology of underground chamber that is used for of the present invention.Be also pointed out that Z
ARelevant with the survey top board A of institute point (see figure 2) with respect to difference of elevation at the initial point O of rectangular coordinate system described in the step (two).In addition, also adopt steel ruler to measure the coordinate X of the projection a of A point on this coordinate system XOY face
AAnd Y
ASo, can obtain 3 coordinate (X of relevant A measuring point
AY
AZ
A).
(7) repeating above-mentioned steps (but must not change the length of the vertical rod 18 that is positioned at overflow cylinder top and used length adjustment bar 19, can record the corresponding data B (X of the 2nd measuring point of this cavern's top board
BY
BZ
B), the corresponding data C (X of the 3rd measuring point
CY
CM
C) ... etc.
(8), can make with respect to the underground chamber top board to be measured of above-mentioned true origin O in the survey 3D shape of sinking constantly according to the related data of all measuring points of being surveyed.
Refer on the above-mentioned gauge head that formula overflow measuring instrument not only can measure modern hand excavation's the crushing of underground chamber (like underground power house, tunnel, subway etc.), also can be used for the artificial underground chamber of digging and the underground cavern (like karst cave, volcanics cave etc.) of natural formation in ancient times.
Above-described specific embodiment; The object of the invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect have been carried out further explain, and institute it should be understood that the above is merely specific embodiment of the present invention; And be not used in qualification protection scope of the present invention; All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being made, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. one kind can be used for measuring on the gauge head that underground chamber crushes and refers to formula overflow measuring instrument; It is characterized in that: measure tube by one; Dial gauge through repacking, an overflow cylinder, a vertical rod that is connected with overflow cylinder and a communicating pipe that is connected measurement tube and overflow cylinder are formed; The measurement tube is kept a foothold and the base plate contact point triangle centre of form at the bottom of the hole is the origin of coordinates of measuring system; The pearl shape gauge head of overflow cylinder top vertical rod contacts with the tested point of cavern's top board; Measure in tube and the overflow cylinder water all is housed, hollow cannula is all arranged on both chassis, and by connecting transparent communicating pipe; Above-mentioned dial gauge measuring stick inserts measures the relative relief value that promptly records each tested point of top board in the tube; This instrument is realized based on following steps crushing in the cavern and is measured:
(a) hand or use interim pole to support overflow cylinder, make the pearl shape gauge head that is positioned at overflow cylinder top withstand on certain measuring point on the top board to be measured, make the circular bubble that is positioned on the overflow cylinder drip tray placed in the middle, to guarantee that measuring staff is vertical with tested cavern's top board;
(b) to the slowly water filling of measurement tube, and under no bubble condition, let water pass through communicating pipe to get into overflow cylinder, and the overflow estuary on being arranged in overflow cylinder overflow;
(c) adopt a kind of water surface that measures the measurement tube through the dial gauge of transforming to the vertical range of measuring between the tube top cover upper surface, as the measured value of this measuring point;
(d) the corresponding measured value according to all measuring points on the top board to be measured reaches the planimetric position with respect to above-mentioned true origin, generates the face that crushes.
2. based on referring to formula overflow measuring instrument on claims 1 described gauge head, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned measurement tube is by measuring tube chassis, measurement tube top cover and measuring the transparent cylindrical shell of tube and form, and the three encircles through screw thread and O shape and links together; Measuring a tube chassis has 3 through holes, can insert to measure tube and keep a foothold, and through through hole up and down two nuts with measure a tube chassis and be connected, in order to support measurement tin; Measuring on the tube chassis has a hollow cannula, is connected with the measurement tube through viscose glue, and measuring has water injection hole and the measured hole that can insert the dial gauge measuring stick on the tube top cover.
3. according to referring to formula overflow measuring instrument on claims 1 described gauge head, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned overflow cylinder is made up of overflow cylinder drip tray, overflow cylinder loam cake and the transparent cylindrical shell of overflow cylinder, and the three is connected with O shape ring through screw thread; The overflow cylinder stack shell is provided with the overflow estuary, and a hollow cannula is arranged at the overflow cylinder bottom, is connected with overflow cylinder through viscose glue, and the overflow cylinder drip tray is provided with a circular bubble, regulates this bubble and can make overflow cylinder maintenance level.
4. according to referring to formula overflow measuring instrument on claims 1 described gauge head, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned vertical rod is positioned at above-mentioned overflow cylinder top, and is connected with the overflow cylinder loam cake through screw thread; The adjustable length of above-mentioned vertical rod, can make the transparent cylindrical shell of overflow cylinder roughly with measure a height such as the transparent cylindrical shell of tube grade; During measurement, the pearl shape gauge head of rod end contacts with cavern's tested point.
5. according to referring to formula overflow measuring instrument on claims 1 described gauge head, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned dial gauge is made up of gauge head, sounding rod, horizontal drafting board, pressure-raising spare, transmission bar and interior outer connector etc.; Above-mentioned gauge head is adapted as needle point formula gauge head; Above-mentioned sounding rod can be adapted as the more piece sounding rod that is threaded and forms through negative and positive by a plurality of sounding rods; The adapter overcoat of above-mentioned more piece sounding rod is connected with viscose glue with horizontal drafting board, and horizontal drafting board is plane contact with measurement tube top cover top; Interior outer connector, transmission bar and pressure-raising spare are positioned at the tail end of more piece sounding rod, are sliding contact between interconnecting piece and the outer connector; Pressure-raising spare is connected through threaded engagement with outer connector, and connects through gluing between the dial gauge transmission bar.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210230986.2A CN102721351B (en) | 2012-07-05 | 2012-07-05 | Can be used for measuring on the gauge head that crushes of underground chamber and refer to formula overflow measuring instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210230986.2A CN102721351B (en) | 2012-07-05 | 2012-07-05 | Can be used for measuring on the gauge head that crushes of underground chamber and refer to formula overflow measuring instrument |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102721351A true CN102721351A (en) | 2012-10-10 |
| CN102721351B CN102721351B (en) | 2015-07-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210230986.2A Expired - Fee Related CN102721351B (en) | 2012-07-05 | 2012-07-05 | Can be used for measuring on the gauge head that crushes of underground chamber and refer to formula overflow measuring instrument |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN102721351B (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4610090A (en) * | 1984-10-01 | 1986-09-09 | Thomas Brady | Measuring instrument |
| CN2119639U (en) * | 1992-05-13 | 1992-10-21 | 中国科学院地质研究所 | Overflow type communicating tube tiltometer |
| JPH0875457A (en) * | 1994-07-08 | 1996-03-22 | Okumura Corp | Device for measuring difference of elevation and method for measuring difference of elevation |
| CN2574003Y (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2003-09-17 | 东方汽轮机厂 | High-accuracy water communicating height difference measuring device |
-
2012
- 2012-07-05 CN CN201210230986.2A patent/CN102721351B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4610090A (en) * | 1984-10-01 | 1986-09-09 | Thomas Brady | Measuring instrument |
| CN2119639U (en) * | 1992-05-13 | 1992-10-21 | 中国科学院地质研究所 | Overflow type communicating tube tiltometer |
| JPH0875457A (en) * | 1994-07-08 | 1996-03-22 | Okumura Corp | Device for measuring difference of elevation and method for measuring difference of elevation |
| CN2574003Y (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2003-09-17 | 东方汽轮机厂 | High-accuracy water communicating height difference measuring device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘团结: "关于隧道拱顶下沉监测方法的探讨", 《中国勘察设计》 * |
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| CN102721351B (en) | 2015-07-29 |
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