CN102721351B - Can be used for measuring on the gauge head that crushes of underground chamber and refer to formula overflow measuring instrument - Google Patents
Can be used for measuring on the gauge head that crushes of underground chamber and refer to formula overflow measuring instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN102721351B CN102721351B CN201210230986.2A CN201210230986A CN102721351B CN 102721351 B CN102721351 B CN 102721351B CN 201210230986 A CN201210230986 A CN 201210230986A CN 102721351 B CN102721351 B CN 102721351B
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Abstract
The present invention can be used for measuring on the gauge head that crushes of underground chamber referring to formula overflow measuring instrument, comprises measuring cylinder, overflow cylinder, dial gauge through repacking, vertical rod and connects communicating pipe of measuring cylinder and overflow cylinder.The face of crushing can be measured according to the following steps: assemble and be connected measuring cylinder and overflow cylinder, fixation measuring cylinder on cavern's base plate; Hand-held or use interim strut support overflow cylinder, make the circular bubble on drip tray placed in the middle, the pearl shape gauge head on vertical rod top withstands on certain measuring point on top board to be measured; To the slow water filling of measuring cylinder and ensure bubble-free, allow water enter overflow cylinder by communicating pipe, until overflow from the overflow inverted triangle mouth overflow cylinder; Adopt the vertical range between the water surface of a kind of dial gauge through transformation measurement measuring cylinder to its top cover upper surface, as the measured value of this measuring point; Repeat above-mentioned steps, make according to each measured value the face of crushing.It is higher that the present invention has measurement accuracy, easy to operate, measure cost low and to tested cavern top board without advantages such as any damages.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for measuring the overflow-type linker that underground chamber crushes, especially a kind of gauge head refers to formula overflow measuring instrument.
Background technology
Concerning a cavern (also comprising ancient cavern), after excavation, it is by producing because excavating the displacement caused, and comprises the Vertical dimension displacement of top board, namely sinks.In theory, above-mentioned displacement changes along with putting off of time.In theory, each moment is by appearance face of crushing, each face of crushing is the segment (or one of them process) in this top board generation Vertical dimension deformation process in other words, even if top board no longer deforms in a certain amount of time, what see is also a segment in its deformation process within this period or process.Measuring and study the crush fundamental purpose in face of ancient cavern is: first, under given conditions (as, what ancient cavern of excavating in horizontal layer rock mass was top board with certain aspect often), if find that this aspect top board occurs with more by the surface of subsidence (see figure mono-) of its deflection of middle part more greatly feature, and its shape can be measured with enough accuracy, so, it can be utilized to carry out the back analysis of Related Rocks bulk modulus.In addition, under the condition in age of establishing can determining this ancient engineering, it can also be utilized to carry out the back analysis of the coefficient of viscosity.Be also pointed out that above-mentioned inverting is not only applicable to ancient engineering in principle, and be applicable to the larger modern underground works of those deflections.Certainly, for other cavern of non-horizontal stratiform, as long as its surface of subsidence is enough large, also above-mentioned inverting can be done.Also should illustrate, in the ordinary course of things, the cavern's amount of crushing caused because of stream change is usually little, so when the back analysis making the coefficient of viscosity, requires the precision of corresponding measurement technology higher (usually requiring that measurement is less than 1mm); The second, the surface of subsidence of ancient cavern top board measures and can also be used for the description of the current shape of ancient cavern top board and destroy the measurement of situation for the above-mentioned surface of subsidence when more serious destruction appears in top board.This will contribute to the evaluation of cavern's roof stability and the formulation made about ancient cavern digital preservation countermeasure.
Can be used for not only meeting the prior art that above-mentioned surface of subsidence measures fundamental purpose but also do not damage rock mass, mainly contain the instruments such as perpendicular chi, transit, three-dimensional laser scanner.Below put up with their measuring principle, the key technical indexes and the problem such as the advantage be applied to when crushing planar survey and weak point is analyzed:
(1) measuring staff
Only can to measure on top board each point to the vertical range of base plate with measuring staff when base plate is level, and determine the surface of subsidence of top board accordingly; When base plate appearance inclination or when being uneven, a spirit-leveling instrument standing on certain point on cavern's base plate is also needed to make conjunction measuring, namely when measuring the vertical range of each respective point on each point to base plate on top board with measuring staff, the vertical range of intersection point certain point to the base plate of vertical measuring staff of the measuring staff in measuring a certain imaginary horizontal plane with spirit-leveling instrument and measure again, to eliminate the inclination of base plate and the impact of problem on the face measurement that crushes that be uneven.The advantage of this method for measurement is that principle is simple, easy to operate (particularly when floor level and to measure cost lower etc., but its subject matter is that (namely during back analysis, the error of this method for measurement is excessive: the error in measurement of measuring staff is generally 0.5-1.0mm when surveyed structure being used for above-mentioned purpose one; When needing spirit-leveling instrument to coordinate because of base plate injustice, its error is two kinds of measurement error sums, likely more than 1.5-2.5mm.
(2) transit
Transit is utilized to carry out the method for measurement in face of crushing, the same with above-mentioned measuring staff method for measurement, also there is principle simple, the advantages such as easy to operate and measurement cost is lower.But when it serves rock reaction force inverting, also there is the problem that error is excessive.
(3) three-dimensional laser scanner
Switzerland come card Leica Scan Station 2 is one of current state-of-the-art three-dimensional laser scanners.It is expected to obtain good measurement for above-mentioned purpose two, but still there is the excessive problem of error for above-mentioned inverting object (i.e. object one), and its error in measurement may be greater than 2mm.When processing data, sometimes also some personal errors can be produced because determining reference field.In addition, because this kind of instrument is very expensive, so its measurement cost is also higher.Sometimes, also can not find this instrument for in-site measurement.
Summary of the invention
In view of the various needs that face of crushing, above-mentioned ancient cavern measures, and existing method used at present hinders practical application because there is some deficiency again, patent request of the present invention propose can be used for measure cavern crush face gauge head on refer to formula overflow measuring instrument, comprise a measuring cylinder, an overflow cylinder, a dial gauge through repacking and horizontal drafting board thereof, a vertical rod be connected with overflow cylinder upper cover and one are connected the communicating pipe of measuring cylinder and overflow cylinder; It is the true origin of measuring system that measuring cylinder is kept a foothold with the contacts baseplate point triangle centre of form at the bottom of hole, and the pearl shape gauge head of overflow cylinder top vertical rod then contacts with the tested point of top board; All water is housed in measuring cylinder and overflow cylinder, all there is hollow cannula on both chassis, connected by transparent communicating pipe; Dial gauge sounding rod inserts the relative relief value recording each tested point of top board in measuring cylinder.
Measuring cylinder is made up of measuring cylinder chassis, measuring cylinder top cover and the transparent cylindrical shell of measuring cylinder, three is installed together by screw thread and O shape ring, and there are 3 through holes on measuring cylinder chassis, can insert measuring cylinder and keep a foothold, and be connected with measuring cylinder chassis, in order to support measuring cylinder by upper and lower two nuts of through hole.Measuring cylinder chassis there is a hollow cannula, be connected with measuring cylinder by viscose glue, measuring cylinder top cover has water injection hole and the measured hole that can insert dial gauge sounding rod;
Overflow cylinder is made up of overflow cylinder drip tray, overflow cylinder upper cover and the transparent cylindrical shell of overflow cylinder, three is connected with O shape ring by screw thread, a hollow cannula is had bottom overflow cylinder, be connected with overflow cylinder by viscose glue, overflow cylinder drip tray is provided with a circular bubble, can make overflow cylinder maintenance level, overflow cylinder stack shell is provided with overflow inverted triangle mouth;
Measuring cylinder need to be kept a foothold support with support, and overflow cylinder only needs hand-held, also can use interim strut support where necessary; All water is housed in measuring cylinder and overflow cylinder, and makes the water surface elevation in overflow cylinder and measuring cylinder water surface elevation keep identical by the overflow estuary on overflow cylinder;
Vertical rod is positioned at overflow cylinder top, is connected with overflow cylinder upper cover by screw thread, and its adjustable length, can make the transparent cylindrical shell of overflow cylinder roughly with measuring cylinder transparent cylindrical shell contour, the pearl shape gauge head on its top contacts with tested point.Because tested point is cavern's top board, gauge head upwards, therefore refers to formula measuring instrument on gauge head.
Tampered dial gauge is made up of gauge head, sounding rod, horizontal drafting board, pressure-raising part, transmission lever and interior outer connector etc.The measurement decorative pearl on top of an official cap of dial gauge is adapted as needle point formula gauge head, sounding rod is adapted as the more piece sounding rod connected to form by MF by multiple sounding rod, the adapter overcoat of more piece sounding rod is connected with horizontal drafting board viscose glue, and horizontal drafting board and measuring cylinder top cover top are plane contact.Interior outer connector, transmission lever and pressure-raising part are positioned at the tail end of more piece sounding rod, are sliding contact between interconnecting piece and outer connector.Pressure-raising part is connected by threaded engagement with outer connector, and is connect by gluing between dial gauge transmission lever.
Interconnecting piece band one annular groove, is connect by gluing with the outside surface of dial gauge circle shell and transmission lever protective sleeve, on interconnecting piece outside surface, puts the outer connector of an inner band closely-pitched female screw, and outer connector can be that axle is done to horizontally rotate with interconnecting piece.
There are two relative circular small through hole the lower end of outer connector, utilizes roundlet rod member to be inserted in the annular groove of interconnecting piece by small through hole, then roundlet rod member and outer connector is adhesively fixed with glue.Roundlet rod member is variable diameters rod member, and head diameter is less, and tail diameter is comparatively large, and head inserts in circular small through hole.
Pressure-raising part peripheral distribution has the closely-pitched pin thread matched with the closely-pitched female screw of above-mentioned outer connector, inside has circular hole in, and there are two vertical aperture both sides, and the diameter of its hollow round hole is slightly larger than the external diameter (as shown in Figure 3) of dial gauge transmission lever.Stick with glue between circular-hole internal-wall and dial gauge transmission lever in pressure-raising part and connect, pressure-raising part can be screwed in outer connector by the vertical aperture of finer wire by means of pressure-raising part both sides, and make pressure-raising part upper surface equal with dial gauge transmission lever upper surface.
Relative to top board flexural measurement instruments such as existing measuring staff, transit and three-dimensional laser scanners, the present invention has following obvious advantage:
(1) precision is higher
Measurement accuracy only with regard to the amount of crushing is seen, the technology of the present invention is higher than above-mentioned existing three kinds of technology.Such as, when adopting measurement result in order to inverting (namely carrying out inverting according to the metric data of deflection to the elastic modulus of country rock and the coefficient of viscosity), under the prerequisite not damaging ancient surrounding rock of chamber, existing three kinds of technology all also exist the not high enough problem of precision that relevant deflection measures.But the measurement accuracy of the deflection measured value adopting the technology of the present invention to survey is higher, in the ordinary course of things, can meet the requirement of above-mentioned inverting.
(2) carry with easy to operate
Agent structure of the present invention is that a set of dial gauge surveys read apparatus, a vertical rod, two transparent cylindrical shells, and a set of measuring cylinder is kept a foothold and a communicating pipe, and above-mentioned parts can disassembled and assembled freely, therefore, transports and carry all very convenient.Owing to connecting for direct insertion or nut formula connect between each parts, be easy to assemble at the scene, and tested point selected after, after measuring cylinder is fixed on selected position, only need overflow cylinder and the vertical rod be located thereon 18 be displaced between each tested point just passable, so the technology of the present invention also has easy to operate advantage.
(3) cost is lower
The principle that employing the technology of the present invention measures face of crushing is clear, and apparatus structure is simple, and cost is low, so it is also very low to measure cost.
accompanying drawing and accompanying drawing explanation
Figure mono-excavates the sinking situation in cavern's top board with horizontal stratum country rock
Structure figure bis-gauge head referring to formula overflow measuring instrument and the method measured for face of crushing, cavern;
The structure of modification schematic diagram of figure tri-dial gauge top transmission lever head B;
Wherein description of reference numerals:
1. nut; 2. measuring cylinder is kept a foothold; 3. measuring cylinder chassis; 4. water filling port; 5. dial gauge; 6. top cover measured hole; 7. horizontal drafting board; 8. more piece sounding rod; 9. measuring cylinder top cover; 10. needle point formula gauge head; 11. waters surface; The transparent cylindrical shell of 12. measuring cylinder; 13. measuring cylinder hollow cannula; 14. measuring cylinder O shape rings; 15. measuring cylinder point of fixity; 16. top board tested points; 17. pearl shape gauge heads; 18. vertical rods; 19. length adjustment bars; 20. overflow cylinder upper covers; 21. overflow inverted triangle mouths; The transparent cylindrical shell of 22. overflow cylinder; 23. overflow cylinder drip trays; 24. overflow cylinder hollow cannula; The O shape ring of 25. overflow cylinders; 26. circular bubbles; 27. interim strut connector; 28. communicating pipes; 29. pressure-raising parts; 30. glue; 31. transmission levers; 32. outer connectors; 33. interconnecting pieces; 34. roundlet rod members; 35. protective sleeves; 36. dial gauge circle shells
Embodiment
Adopt the technology of the present invention measure cavern crush face time can carry out according to following steps:
(1) with glue, measuring cylinder hollow cannula 13 bonding is fixed on measuring cylinder chassis 3, with screw thread, measuring cylinder chassis 3, measuring cylinder top cover 9 are installed together with the transparent cylindrical shell 12 of measuring cylinder respectively again, and compress measuring cylinder O shape ring 14, to form measuring cylinder as shown in Figure 2; In addition, with glue, overflow cylinder hollow cannula 24 bonding is fixed on overflow cylinder drip tray 23.With screw thread, overflow cylinder drip tray 23, overflow cylinder upper cover 20 are installed together with the transparent cylindrical shell 22 of overflow cylinder, and compress overflow cylinder O shape ring 25, to form overflow cylinder as shown in Figure 2 respectively again.
(2) on the base plate of cavern to be measured, select an appropriate point position 15 with fixation measuring cylinder 12: the measuring cylinder of 3 through holes utilizing upper and lower two nuts 1 respectively three to be inserted measuring cylinder chassis is kept a foothold and 2 is fixed on measuring cylinder chassis 3.Again by means of to be connected with measuring cylinder chassis 3 and three measuring cylinders be inserted on cavern's base plate in selected appropriate point position 15 are kept a foothold and 2 measuring cylinder are vertically fixed on selected some position;
Keep a foothold the triangle centre of form O that formed with 3 contact points of base plate for initial point with above-mentioned three measuring cylinders again, and setting up a right hand rectangular coordinate system OXYZ, just wherein Z-axis direction is.
(3) with transparent communicating pipe 28 the measuring cylinder hollow cannula 13 be positioned on measuring cylinder chassis 3 and the overflow cylinder hollow cannula 24 be positioned on overflow cylinder drip tray 23 being coupled together.Slowly injecting bubble-free clear water from the water filling port 4 of measuring cylinder 12 again, and note not allowing the clear water injected occur bubble, as occurred, then should get rid of clean;
(4) hand-held overflow cylinder, is arranged on vertical rod 18 on the connecting thread being positioned at overflow cylinder upper cover 20 top.The position that transparent cylindrical shell 12 is contour with measuring cylinder is roughly remained in order to make the transparent cylindrical shell of overflow cylinder 22, the length of vertical rod is changed by adjuster bar 19, hand-held overflow cylinder, on the tested point A that the pearl shape gauge head 17 being positioned at rod end is vertically withstood on top board 16, and the circular bubble 26 that order is positioned at overflow cylinder drip tray 23 lateral surface is placed in the middle, but require that reading overflow cylinder hand-held during this period of time in dial gauge survey sufficiently stablizes.In addition, also separately the interim pole that matches with the screw thread of the interim strut connector 27 being positioned at seal cup 23 bottom can be had to be stably supported on cavern's base plate by overflow cylinder by standby 2 heads.
(5) again from the water filling port 4 be positioned at measuring cylinder top cover 9 lentamente to measuring cylinder water filling, allow water when without any entering the transparent cylindrical shell of measuring cylinder 12 and transparent communicating pipe 28 when bubble, and slowly flow into the transparent cylindrical shell 22 of overflow cylinder, until the water 11 in overflow cylinder slowly overflows from the overflow inverted triangle mouth 21 overflow cylinder by it.
(6) the more piece sounding rod 8 of the band needle point formula gauge head 10 of a transformed dial gauge is inserted the measured hole 6 being positioned at measuring cylinder top cover 9 center, the horizontal drafting board 7 cemented together with the adapter overcoat of dial gauge more piece sounding rod is pressed in the plane of measuring cylinder top cover upper surface, to ensure measuring accuracy.But note also and utilize the pressure-raising part 29 of the head laying respectively at dial gauge top and outside transmission lever 31 to be mentioned by the more piece sounding rod 8 of the band needle point formula gauge head of dial gauge completing in aforesaid operations process, the water surface 11 of the needle point formula gauge head 10 making the to be arranged in more piece sounding rod bottom not transparent cylindrical shell 12 of contact measurement cylinder.Then, again by slowly rotating outer connector 32, lentamente the more piece sounding rod 8 of band needle point formula gauge head 10 being put down, making the water surface of needle point formula gauge head progressively in measuring cylinder close, until the lower end Tip contact of needle point formula gauge head is to the moment of the water surface, reads and write down the reading Z of dial gauge
a.According to analysis, the measurement accuracy < 0.05mm of this face measurement technology that crushes for underground chamber of the present invention.Be also pointed out that Z
arelevant relative to the difference of elevation of the initial point O of rectangular coordinate system described in step (two) with surveyed top board A point (see figure bis-).In addition, steel ruler is also adopted to measure the coordinate X of the projection a of A point on this coordinate system XOY face
aand Y
a.So, 3 coordinate (X about A measuring point can be obtained
ay
az
a).
(7) repeat above-mentioned steps (but the length of the vertical rod 18 and length adjustment bar 19 used being positioned at overflow cylinder top must not be changed, the corresponding data B (X of the 2nd measuring point of this cavern's top board can be recorded
by
bz
b), the corresponding data C (X of the 3rd measuring point
cy
cm
c) ... etc.
(8) according to the related data of surveyed all measuring points, the 3D shape of sinking in the surveyed moment relative to the underground chamber top board to be measured of above-mentioned true origin O can be made.
Above-mentioned gauge head refers to formula overflow measuring instrument not only can measure crushing of underground chamber (as underground power house, tunnel, the subway etc.) of modern hand excavation, also can be used for the underground cavern (as Cave, volcanics cave etc.) of underground chamber and the natural formation of manually digging ancient times.
Above-described specific embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; the protection domain be not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. one kind can be used for measuring on the gauge head that crushes of underground chamber and refers to formula overflow measuring instrument, it is characterized in that: by a measuring cylinder, a dial gauge through repacking, an overflow cylinder with del overflow vent, a vertical rod be connected with overflow cylinder and a communicating pipe being connected measuring cylinder and overflow cylinder form; All water is housed in measuring cylinder and overflow cylinder, both chassis all there is hollow cannula, and connected by transparent communicating pipe, it is the true origin of measuring system that measuring cylinder is kept a foothold with the contacts baseplate point triangle centre of form at the bottom of hole, the pearl shape gauge head of overflow cylinder top vertical rod contacts with the tested point of cavern's top board, the circular bubble making to be positioned on overflow cylinder drip tray is placed in the middle, to ensure that measuring staff is vertical with tested cavern's top board; Above-mentioned dial gauge sounding rod inserts the relative relief value namely recording each tested point of top board in measuring cylinder.
2. the gauge head according to claims 1 refers to formula overflow measuring instrument, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned vertical rod is positioned at above-mentioned overflow cylinder top, and is connected with overflow cylinder upper cover by screw thread; The adjustable length of above-mentioned vertical rod, can make the transparent cylindrical shell of overflow cylinder roughly with measuring cylinder transparent cylindrical shell contour; During measurement, the pearl shape gauge head of rod end contacts with cavern's tested point.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210230986.2A CN102721351B (en) | 2012-07-05 | 2012-07-05 | Can be used for measuring on the gauge head that crushes of underground chamber and refer to formula overflow measuring instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210230986.2A CN102721351B (en) | 2012-07-05 | 2012-07-05 | Can be used for measuring on the gauge head that crushes of underground chamber and refer to formula overflow measuring instrument |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102721351A CN102721351A (en) | 2012-10-10 |
| CN102721351B true CN102721351B (en) | 2015-07-29 |
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ID=46947178
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210230986.2A Expired - Fee Related CN102721351B (en) | 2012-07-05 | 2012-07-05 | Can be used for measuring on the gauge head that crushes of underground chamber and refer to formula overflow measuring instrument |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN102721351B (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4610090A (en) * | 1984-10-01 | 1986-09-09 | Thomas Brady | Measuring instrument |
| CN2119639U (en) * | 1992-05-13 | 1992-10-21 | 中国科学院地质研究所 | Overflow type communicating tube tiltometer |
| CN2574003Y (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2003-09-17 | 东方汽轮机厂 | High-accuracy water communicating height difference measuring device |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3406723B2 (en) * | 1994-07-08 | 2003-05-12 | 株式会社奥村組 | Height difference measuring device and height difference measuring method |
-
2012
- 2012-07-05 CN CN201210230986.2A patent/CN102721351B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4610090A (en) * | 1984-10-01 | 1986-09-09 | Thomas Brady | Measuring instrument |
| CN2119639U (en) * | 1992-05-13 | 1992-10-21 | 中国科学院地质研究所 | Overflow type communicating tube tiltometer |
| CN2574003Y (en) * | 2002-10-30 | 2003-09-17 | 东方汽轮机厂 | High-accuracy water communicating height difference measuring device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 关于隧道拱顶下沉监测方法的探讨;刘团结;《中国勘察设计》;20100930(第9期);第82-83页 * |
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| CN102721351A (en) | 2012-10-10 |
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