CN102719627A - Heat treatment method of high-chromium martensitic stainless steel - Google Patents
Heat treatment method of high-chromium martensitic stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a stainless-steel heat treatment technology, in particular to a heat treatment method of high-chromium martensitic stainless steel. The heat treatment method comprises the following steps of: 1) annealing; 2) preheating; 3) quenching; and 4) tempering. The heat treatment method has the following advantages that 4Cr16Mo stainless steel heat treatment process comprises the following procedures of: (1) complete annealing, controlling the furnace entering temperature after forging, the heating speed, the heating temperature, the insulating time and the furnace cooling speed; (2) quenching heating, controlling the preheating temperature, the heating speed, the heating temperature and the insulating time; (3) quenching cooling, adopting a gap-cooling mode of air-liquid-air-liquid-air-liquid, the quenching stress is furthest reduced while ensuring that a workpiece obtains enough quenching cooling severity and obtains a martensitic structure, and the cracking of the workpiece caused by excessive stress is avoided; and (4) tempering, strictly controlling the tempering furnace-entering time, tempering heating temperature and the insulating time, the structure transformation is complete, the quenching stress is eliminated, and fine and uniform tempering sorbite is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of stainless steel hot treatment technology, be specifically related to the stainless heat treating method of a kind of high martensitic chromium.
Background technology
Produce the high-strength corrosion-resisting stainless steel that polyester catalyst converter main shaft adopts for petrochemical industry; It needs on axle body, to install a plurality of blades at work; Be installed in the polyester jar as revolving stirrer; Therefore the Working environment very severe must have very high corrosion resistance and good comprehensive mechanical properties.After the 4Cr16Mo stainless steel product pressed common process thermal treatment, though mechanical property can guarantee, adopt oil as heat-eliminating medium when quenching; Oil smoke is bigger during production, causes heat treatment furnace, overhead traveling crane and production site oil pollution serious, and (maximum diameter is about 450mm because of the specification of workpieces size is big; Length is about 10m, and forge weight is about 10t), quenching temperature is higher; Very easily catch fire when going into the horizontal tank cooling, SF is low.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art and provide a kind of high martensitic chromium stainless heat treating method; Utilize this technology can be when guaranteeing that material obtains good comprehensive mechanical properties; Effectively improve the Workshop Production environment, eliminate fume pollution and disaster hidden-trouble.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this: the stainless heat treating method of a kind of high martensitic chromium,
1) annealing
Stainless steel work-piece after forging with the surface temperature is 650-700 ℃ to join in 600-700 ℃ the stove; In rate of heating is under the condition of 60～100 ℃/h; Be warming up to 830～900 ℃; Soaking time is calculated with 2.3～2.7 hours/100mm, and the cooling rate with 10～30 ℃/h after insulation finishes cools to 80～200 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove with the furnace;
2) preheating
The stainless steel forgings of annealed process is with greater than room temperature and be not more than 450 ℃ charging temperature and carry out twice preheating, and preheating temperature is 480～560 ℃ for the first time, and soaking time is 1～4h, and preheating temperature is 760～820 ℃ for the second time, insulation 1～4h;
3) quench
Is 950～1060 ℃ through twice preheating forging later in quenching temperature, and quenches under the condition of 0.8～1.3 hour/100mm of soaking time employing, makes the workpiece centre position reach 950～1060 ℃; Accomplish austenitic transformation, adopt the gap type of cooling of sky-liquid-sky-liquid-sky-liquid to cool off then, in order better to realize technology; The air cooling time is 4～12min for the first time, and the liquid cooling time is 2～8min for the first time, and the air cooling time is 100～200S for the second time; The liquid cooling time is 25～45min for the second time, and the air cooling time is 180～280S for the third time, and the time of liquid cooling for the third time is 15～28min; The liquid initial temperature of liquid cooling for the first time is 30～50 ℃; The solute of the liquid cooling agent of adopting is FEROQUENCH 2000, and solvent is a water, and initial weight concentration is 8-11%;
4) tempering
Under 600～700 ℃ of conditions, carry out high tempering, soaking time adopts 1.6～2.4 hours/100mm, the air cooling of coming out of the stove then.
In order better to realize effect of the present invention: the weight percent 0.33 ~ 0.43% of C in the described high martensitic chromium stainless steel; The weight percent 0.30 ~ 0.70% of Si, the weight percent 0.40 ~ 0.80% of Mn, the weight percent 15.5 ~ 17.5% of Cr; The weight percent 0.50 ~ 0.70% of Ni; The weight percent 0.80 ~ 1.30% of Mo, the weight percent 0.025% of S, the weight percent 0.025% of P.
The present invention has following advantage: 4Cr16Mo stainless steel process of thermal treatment comprises following operation: 1. Full Annealing, and fed to boiler temperature, rate of heating, Heating temperature, soaking time and speed of furnace cooling are forged in control; 2. quench and heat, control preheating temperature, rate of heating and Heating temperature and soaking time; 3. quench cooled adopts the gap type of cooling of sky-liquid-sky-liquid-sky-liquid, when guaranteeing that workpiece obtains enough quench cooled earthquake intensitys and obtains martensitic stucture, reduces quenching stress to greatest extent, avoids the excessive workpiece cracking that causes of stress; 4. tempering, stove time, tempering Heating temperature and soaking time are gone in strict control tempering, make structural transformation complete, eliminate quenching stress, obtain the tiny and uniform tempered sorbite.
Adopt the gap type of cooling of sky-liquid-sky-liquid-sky-liquid during quench cooled; When guaranteeing that workpiece obtains enough quench cooled earthquake intensitys and obtains martensitic stucture; Reduce quenching stress to greatest extent; Avoid the excessive workpiece cracking that causes of stress, obtain the tiny and uniform tempered sorbite through high tempering again, guaranteeing the high-intensity higher impelling strength that obtains simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is thermal treatment process figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete embodiment the present invention is done and to further describe.
Embodiment 1:
The stainless heat treating method of a kind of high martensitic chromium, its method is following:
1) annealing
With forging the back stainless steel work-piece is 650 ℃ charging temperature with surface temperature; Join in 700 ℃ the stove; In rate of heating is under the condition of 100 ℃/h, is warming up to 830 ℃, and soaking time is calculated with 2.3～2.7 hours/100mm; Just calculate the time of insulation according to the length of workpiece, the cooling rate with 30 ℃/h after insulation finishes cools to 80～200 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove with the furnace;
2) preheating
The stainless steel forgings of annealed process carries out twice preheating with 300 ℃ charging temperature, and preheating temperature is 560 ℃ for the first time, and soaking time is 4h, and preheating temperature is 820 ℃ for the second time, insulation 4h;
3) quench
Is 1060 ℃ through twice preheating forging later in quenching temperature, and soaking time adopts 0.8～1.3 hour/100mm mode to be incubated, and calculates the length of soaking time according to the length of forging; Make the workpiece centre position reach 1060 ℃, accomplish austenitic transformation, adopt the gap type of cooling of sky-liquid-sky-liquid-sky-liquid to cool off then; The air cooling time is 12min for the first time, and the liquid cooling time is 8min for the first time, and the air cooling time is 200S for the second time; The liquid cooling time is 45min for the second time, and the air cooling time is 280S for the third time, and the time of liquid cooling for the third time is 28min; The liquid initial temperature of liquid cooling for the first time is 50 ℃; The solute of the liquid cooling agent of adopting is FEROQUENCH 2000, and solvent is a water, and initial weight concentration is 8%;
4) tempering
Under 700 ℃ of conditions, carry out high tempering, soaking time adopts 1.6～2.4 hours/100mm, confirms the time that workpiece is incubated, the air cooling of coming out of the stove then according to the length of forging.
Embodiment 2:
The stainless heat treating method of a kind of high martensitic chromium, its method is following:
1) annealing
With the charging temperature of the stainless steel work-piece after forging with 700 ℃; Joining in 700 ℃ the stove, is under the condition of 60 ℃/h in rate of heating, is warming up to 830 ℃; Soaking time is calculated with 2.3～2.7 hours/100mm, and the cooling rate with 10 ℃/h after insulation finishes cools to 80 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove with the furnace;
2) preheating
The stainless steel forgings of annealed process carries out twice preheating with 400 ℃ charging temperature, and preheating temperature is 480 ℃ for the first time, and soaking time is 1h, and preheating temperature is 760 ℃ for the second time, insulation 1h;
3) quench
Is 950 ℃ through twice preheating forging later in quenching temperature, and quenches under the condition of 0.8～1.3 hour/100mm of soaking time employing, makes the workpiece centre position reach 950 ℃; Accomplish austenitic transformation, adopt the gap type of cooling of sky-liquid-sky-liquid-sky-liquid to cool off then, the air cooling time is 4min for the first time; The liquid cooling time is 2min for the first time, and the air cooling time is 100S for the second time, and the liquid cooling time is 25min for the second time; The air cooling time is 180S for the third time; The time of liquid cooling for the third time is 15min, and the liquid initial temperature of liquid cooling for the first time is 30 ℃, and the solute of the liquid cooling agent of employing is FEROQUENCH 2000; Solvent is a water, and initial weight concentration is 10%;
4) tempering
Under 6000 ℃ of conditions, carry out high tempering, soaking time adopts 1.6～2.4 hours/100mm, the air cooling of coming out of the stove then.
Embodiment 3:
The stainless heat treating method of a kind of high martensitic chromium, its method is following:
1) annealing
With the charging temperature of the stainless steel work-piece after forging with 660 ℃; Joining in 700 ℃ the stove, is under the condition of 80 ℃/h in rate of heating, is warming up to 850 ℃; Soaking time is calculated with 2.3～2.7 hours/100mm, and the cooling rate with 20 ℃/h after insulation finishes cools to 140 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove with the furnace;
2) preheating
The stainless steel forgings of annealed process carries out twice preheating with 100 ℃ charging temperature, and preheating temperature is 520 ℃ for the first time, and soaking time is 2.5h, and preheating temperature is 790 ℃ for the second time, insulation 2.5h;
3) quench
Is 1000 ℃ through twice preheating forging later in quenching temperature, and quenches under the condition of 0.8～1.3 hour/100mm of soaking time employing, makes the workpiece centre position reach 1000 ℃; Accomplish austenitic transformation, adopt the gap type of cooling of sky-liquid-sky-liquid-sky-liquid to cool off then, the air cooling time is 8min for the first time; The liquid cooling time is 5min for the first time, and the air cooling time is 150S for the second time, and the liquid cooling time is 35min for the second time; The air cooling time is 230S for the third time; The time of liquid cooling for the third time is 22min, and the liquid initial temperature of liquid cooling for the first time is 40 ℃, and the solute of the liquid cooling agent of employing is FEROQUENCH 2000; Solvent is a water, and initial weight concentration is 11%;
4) tempering
Under 650 ℃ of conditions, carry out high tempering, soaking time adopts 1.6～2.4 hours/100mm, the air cooling of coming out of the stove then.
In order better to heat-treat technology, make tensile strength about 850Mpa, U type ballistic work is on average about 25J; The weight percent 0.33 ~ 0.43% of C in the high martensitic chromium stainless steel of selecting for use, the weight percent 0.30 ~ 0.70% of Si, the weight percent 0.40 ~ 0.80% of Mn; The weight percent 15.5 ~ 17.5% of Cr, the weight percent 0.50 ~ 0.70% of Ni, the weight percent 0.80 ~ 1.30% of Mo; The weight percent 0.025% of S, the weight percent 0.025% of P.
Following table for the present invention before process reform with process reform after the contrast of each item index:
| State | Ys (Mpa) | Tensile strength (Mpa) | Unit elongation (%) | U type ballistic work (J) |
| Before the process reform | 580 | 775 | 15 | 21 |
| Behind the process reform | 650 | 850 | 19 | 25 |
Yield strength when wherein ys is meant metallic substance generation yield phenomenon, that is resist the stress of micro-viscous deformation.For the metallic substance of no remarkable yield, regulation is its yield strength with the stress value that produces 0.2% residual set, is called proof stress or ys.Greater than this ultimate external force effect, will make the part permanent failure, can't recover, that is to say that the numerical value of ys is high more, explain that the ability of opposing micro-deformation of this metal material is strong more.
Tensile strength be metal by the threshold value of uniform plastic deformation to concentration of local viscous deformation transition, also be the maximum load-carrying capacity of metal under quiet stretching condition.
Unit elongation is the total deformation Δ L of gauge length section after the sample tension fracture and the percentage ratio of the ratio of former gauge length L: δ=Δ L/L * 100%.
Be impelling strength with impact absorbing energy divided by the merchant of sample break at cross-sectional area gained, the ballistic work and the impact value of trying to achieve than U-shaped notch specimen with the summer.
Claims (3)
1. stainless heat treating method of high martensitic chromium, it is characterized in that: its method is following:
1) annealing
With the surface temperature after forging is that 650-700 ℃ stainless steel work-piece joins in 600-700 ℃ the stove; In rate of heating is under the condition of 60～100 ℃/h; Be warming up to 830～900 ℃; Soaking time is calculated with 2.3～2.7 hours/100mm, and the cooling rate with 10～30 ℃/h after insulation finishes cools to 80～200 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove with the furnace;
2) preheating
The stainless steel forgings of annealed process is with greater than room temperature and be not more than 450 ℃ charging temperature and carry out twice preheating, and preheating temperature is 480～560 ℃ for the first time, and soaking time is 1～4h, and preheating temperature is 760～820 ℃ for the second time, and soaking time is 1～4h;
3) quench
Is 950～1060 ℃ through twice preheating forging later in quenching temperature; And quench under the condition of 0.8～1.3 hour/100mm of soaking time employing; Make the workpiece centre position reach 950-1060 ℃; Accomplish austenitic transformation, adopt the gap type of cooling of sky-liquid-sky-liquid-sky-liquid to cool off then;
4) tempering
Under 600～700 ℃ of conditions, carry out high tempering, soaking time adopts 1.6～2.4 hours/100mm, the air cooling of coming out of the stove then.
2. the stainless heat treating method of a kind of high martensitic chromium according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the weight percent 0.33 ~ 0.43% of C in the described high martensitic chromium stainless steel, the weight percent 0.30 ~ 0.70% of Si; The weight percent 0.40 ~ 0.80% of Mn; The weight percent 15.5 ~ 17.5% of Cr, the weight percent 0.50 ~ 0.70% of Ni, the weight percent 0.80 ~ 1.30% of Mo; The weight percent 0.025% of S, the weight percent 0.025% of P.
3. the stainless heat treating method of a kind of high martensitic chromium according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the gap type of cooling of described step 3) hollow-liquid-sky-liquid-sky-liquid is meant that the air cooling time is 4～12min for the first time, and the liquid cooling time is 2～8min for the first time; The air cooling time is 100～200S for the second time; The liquid cooling time is 25～45min for the second time, and the air cooling time is 180～280S for the third time, and the time of liquid cooling for the third time is 15～28min; The liquid initial temperature of liquid cooling for the first time is 30～50 ℃; The solute of the liquid cooling agent of adopting is FEROQUENCH 2000, and solvent is a water, and initial weight concentration is 8-11%.
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| CN102899460A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-01-30 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Heat treatment method for martensitic stainless steel forging module |
| CN103498035A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-01-08 | 无锡阳工机械制造有限公司 | Thermal treatment method of stainless steel |
| CN103740913A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2014-04-23 | 隆英（上海）企业有限公司 | High-temperature forged martensitic stainless steel heat treatment method |
| CN103849746A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2014-06-11 | 中原特钢股份有限公司 | Thermal treatment process for 40CrNiMoA core rod and 40CrNiMoA core rod obtained through process |
| CN104498685A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-04-08 | 通裕重工股份有限公司 | Heat-treating process for hot-working die steel forgings |
| CN105506264A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-04-20 | 常熟市虹桥铸钢有限公司 | Thermal treatment process for stainless steel automobile hub casting piece |
| CN105925773A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-09-07 | 江苏金基特钢有限公司 | Heat treatment method for steel |
| CN106435101A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-02-22 | 中原特钢股份有限公司 | Small-specification 40Cr2SiMnMoV forging thermal treatment process |
| CN107460282A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-12-12 | 合肥正明机械有限公司 | A kind of processing method for eliminating stainless steel welded part residual stress |
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| CN108441783A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-08-24 | 沈阳融荣科技有限公司 | Food-grade high abrasion martensite stainless steel material and preparation method thereof |
| CN109706294A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-05-03 | 王晓喜 | A kind of heat-treatment quenching method of high-chromium alloy wear-resistant steel forging |
| CN110396575A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-01 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | The heat treatment process of landification equipment martensitic stain less steel main shaft |
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| CN114959463A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-08-30 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Martensitic stainless steel main shaft with high impact performance and production method thereof |
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| CN102899460A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2013-01-30 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Heat treatment method for martensitic stainless steel forging module |
| CN102899460B (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2014-08-20 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Heat treatment method for martensitic stainless steel forging module |
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| CN103849746B (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2015-08-19 | 中原特钢股份有限公司 | The 40CrNiMoA plug that a kind of thermal treatment process of 40CrNiMoA plug and process thereof obtain |
| CN103498035A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-01-08 | 无锡阳工机械制造有限公司 | Thermal treatment method of stainless steel |
| CN103740913A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2014-04-23 | 隆英（上海）企业有限公司 | High-temperature forged martensitic stainless steel heat treatment method |
| CN103740913B (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-11-25 | 隆英（上海）企业有限公司 | High temperature forging Martensite Stainless Steel heat treating method |
| CN104498685A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-04-08 | 通裕重工股份有限公司 | Heat-treating process for hot-working die steel forgings |
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| CN109706294A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-05-03 | 王晓喜 | A kind of heat-treatment quenching method of high-chromium alloy wear-resistant steel forging |
| CN110396575A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-01 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | The heat treatment process of landification equipment martensitic stain less steel main shaft |
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