CN104498685A - Heat-treating process for hot-working die steel forgings - Google Patents
Heat-treating process for hot-working die steel forgings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of heavy industry, and particularly relates to a heat-treating process for hot-working die steel forgings. The heat-treating process comprises the following steps: spheroidizing and annealing, quenching, cooling and tempering. The heat-treating process is suitable for 5CrNiMo die steel or H13 die steel; spheroidizing and annealing heat treatment is added before quenching, so that the preheating treatment structure of a workpiece is transformed into globular pearlite and cementite; the risk of a quenching crack of the workpiece is reduced; the quenching temperature is improved; austenization is relatively full; and the temperature of a quenching medium is improved. Warm water at 40-60 DEG C is adopted as the quenching medium, so that the performance of the workpiece is improved under the premise that no crack of the workpiece is ensured. Through combination of three improvement points, the performance of the workpiece, especially the impact strength is obviously improved; and the performance requirements are met.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to heavy duty industrial technical field of heat treatment, be specifically related to the thermal treatment process of hot-work die steel forgings.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the development of heavy industry industry, more and more higher to the requirement of forging performance, the hot-work die steels such as such as 5CrNiMo, H11, H13, strict to the requirement of hardness and mechanical property, especially impact property.
Prior art is in the thermal treatment process of hot-work die steel forgings, also to have and use anneal, the Chinese patent being CN1540001A as publication number discloses a kind of H13 steel isothermal spheroidizing technique, before being warmed up to 840-890 DEG C of insulation 2-4 hour, first be warmed up to 680 DEG C of preheatings 1 hour with stove, 3-4 hour is incubated after being first chilled to 710-740 DEG C with stove before less than 500 DEG C air coolings of coming out of the stove, the H13 steel hot-work die of this art breading is adopted to improve 1-2 doubly work-ing life, but just adopt anneal, limited extent is affected on workpiece impact property.
In prior art, quenching uses oil cooling, and because speed of cooling slow performance does not reach requirement, water-cooled then easily ftractures, and causes workpiece to scrap.Some manufacturing enterprise adopts contains a certain proportion of organic polymer soln as heat-eliminating medium, reach requirement, but the cost of organic polymer is high, consumes also large.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve, the cost existed in the thermal treatment process of hot-work die steel forgings in above prior art is high, the problem of performance boost limited extent, the invention provides the thermal treatment process that a kind of cost is low, significantly promote the hot-work die steel forgings of hot-work die steel forgings properties.
The present invention is achieved by the following measures:
A thermal treatment process for hot-work die steel forgings, comprises the following steps:
(1) Spheroidizing Annealing: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rise to 820 DEG C of insulation 8-10h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, be then chilled to 760 DEG C with≤15 DEG C/h stove, insulation 10-15h, is then chilled to 400 DEG C by the speed stove of≤10 DEG C/h and comes out of the stove;
(2) quench: through the forging of step (1) Spheroidizing Annealing≤400 DEG C of shove charges, rise to 650 DEG C with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, insulation 2-4h, then be warming up to 860-880 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤80 DEG C/h, insulation 10-12h;
(3) cool: the forging through step (2) adopts air cooling 2-5 minute, water-cooled 3-8 minute, air cooling 1-1.5 minute, water-cooled 3-8 minute, and the mode of oil cooling 60-100 minute cools, and water temperature is 40-60 DEG C, and oil temperature is 30-80 DEG C;
(4) tempering: through forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C of step (3), rise to 560-600 DEG C with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, insulation 18-20h, is then chilled to 300 DEG C with≤30 DEG C/h stove and comes out of the stove and both can.
Described hot-work die steel is 5CrNiMo die steel.
Described thermal treatment process, carbide annealing process is increased: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C before preferred steps (1) quenching, rise to 820 DEG C of insulation 8h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, be then chilled to 760 DEG C of insulation 15h with≤15 DEG C/h stove, be then chilled to 400 DEG C by the speed stove of≤10 DEG C/h and come out of the stove.
Described thermal treatment process, preferred steps (2) is quenched: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C rises to 650 DEG C with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, insulation 2h, then is warming up to 880 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤80 DEG C/h, insulation 10h.
Described thermal treatment process, preferred steps (3) cools: cooling 2.5 minutes in the forging employing air of step (2), water-cooled 3 minutes, and the air cooling 1.5 minutes-water-cooled 3 minutes-oil cooling mode of 100 minutes cools; Water temperature is 60 DEG C, oil temperature 50 DEG C.
Described thermal treatment process, preferred steps (4) tempering process: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rises to 560 DEG C of insulation 20h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, is then chilled to 300 DEG C with≤30 DEG C/h stove and comes out of the stove and both can.
A thermal treatment process for hot-work die steel forgings, comprises the following steps:
(1) Spheroidizing Annealing: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rises to 860-880 DEG C of insulation 8-12h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, is chilled to 760-780 DEG C of insulation 26-35h, is then chilled to 240 DEG C by the speed stove of≤30 DEG C/h with≤30 DEG C/h stove;
(2) quench: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rise to 680 DEG C of insulation 3-6h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, then be warming up to 1020-1070 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤80 DEG C/h, insulation 10-16h, makes the abundant austenitizing of workpiece;
(3) cool: with driving, workpiece will be taken out in stove, then adopt air cooling 2-5 minute, water-cooled 5-10 minute, air cooling 1 minute, water-cooled 5-10 minute, the mode that oil cooling is 120 points cools; Water temperature is 40-60 DEG C, and oil temperature is 30-100 DEG C;
(4) tempering: shove charge at≤300 DEG C, 300 DEG C of insulation 3-6h, then rise to 580-620 DEG C of insulation 20-26h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, be then chilled to 240 DEG C with≤30 DEG C/h stove and come out of the stove, drawing process repeats 2 times;
Described die steel is H13 die steel.
Described thermal treatment process, preferred steps (1) carbide annealing process: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rises to 860 DEG C of insulation 12h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, is chilled to 760 DEG C of insulation 35h, is then chilled to 240 DEG C by the speed stove of≤30 DEG C/h with≤30 DEG C/h stove.
Described thermal treatment process, preferred steps (2) is quenched: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rises to 680 DEG C of insulation 3h, then is warming up to 1050 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤80 DEG C/h, insulation 16h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h.
Described thermal treatment process, preferred steps (3) cools: adopt air cooling 2.5 minutes, water-cooled 8 minutes, air cooling 1 minute, water-cooled 8 minutes, the mode that oil cooling is 120 points cools, and water temperature is 40 DEG C, oil temperature 60 DEG C.
Described thermal treatment process, preferred steps (4) tempering: shove charge at≤300 DEG C, 300 DEG C of insulation 6h, then rise to 580 DEG C of insulation 26h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, be then chilled to 240 DEG C with≤30 DEG C/h stove and come out of the stove, drawing process repeats 2 times.
Workpiece size external diameter 2280 ㎜, internal diameter 1770 ㎜ of the hot-work die steels such as 5CrNiMo material, long 2100 ㎜ modified initial stages use traditional refrigerant oil as heat-eliminating medium, impact does not reach performance requriements, parameter change has been carried out by experiment in technique, improve the temperature of quenching temperature and quenchant, the warm water employing 40-60 DEG C quenches, and achieves unusual effect.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, increase Spheroidizing Annealing thermal treatment before quenching, make workpiece conditioning heat treatment structural transformation be globular pearlite+cementite, reduce the risk of workpiece chilling cracking;
2, improve quenching temperature, make austenitizing more abundant;
3, improving the temperature of quenchant, by adopting the warm water of 40-60 DEG C as quenchant, under the indehiscent prerequisite of guarantee workpiece, improve the performance of workpiece;
4, above-mentioned 3 improvements be combined with each other, and make the performance of workpiece, especially impact, obtain improvement clearly, meet performance requriements.
Embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, further illustrate below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
embodiment 1:the thermal treatment of 5CrNiMo die steel
Improve speed of cooling, increase hardened depth, make mechanical property reach customer requirement, workpiece carries out following heat treatment test:
1, increase carbide annealing process before quenching: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rise to 820 DEG C of insulation 8h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, be then chilled to 760 DEG C of insulation 15h with≤15 DEG C/h stove, be then chilled to 400 DEG C by the speed stove of≤10 DEG C/h and come out of the stove;
2, quench: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C rises to 650 DEG C with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, insulation 2h, then be warming up to 880 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤80 DEG C/h, insulation 10h, makes the abundant austenitizing of workpiece;
3, cool: water temperature is increased to 60 DEG C, workpiece is at 860 DEG C, after insulation 12h terminates, with driving, workpiece is taken out in stove, then adopt the mode of cooling 2.5 minutes-water 3 minutes-empty 1.5 minutes-water 3 minutes-oil (oil temperature 50 DEG C) 100 points in air to cool;
4, cooling terminates rear timely tempering, tempering process: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rises to 560 DEG C of insulation 20h, be then chilled to 300 DEG C with≤30 DEG C/h stove and come out of the stove and both can with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h.
The mechanical properties test data of forging are as shown in table 1, and mechanical property all meets the demands.
Table 1 mechanical property
comparative example 1:the thermal treatment of 5CrNiMo die steel
1, quench: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C rises to 650 DEG C with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, insulation 2h, then be warming up to 880 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤80 DEG C/h, insulation 10h, makes the abundant austenitizing of workpiece;
2, cool: water temperature is increased to 60 DEG C, workpiece is at 880 DEG C, after insulation 10h terminates, with driving, workpiece is taken out in stove, then adopt the mode of cooling 2.5 minutes-water 3 minutes-empty 1.5 minutes-water, 3 minutes-oil cooling 100 points (oil temperatures 50 DEG C) in air to cool;
3, cooling terminates rear timely tempering, tempering process: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rises to 560 DEG C of insulation 20h, be then chilled to 300 DEG C with≤30 DEG C/h stove and come out of the stove and both can with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h.
The mechanical property of table 2 comparative example 1
comparative example 2:the thermal treatment of 5CrNiMo die steel
1, increase carbide annealing process before quenching: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rise to 820 DEG C of insulation 8h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, be then chilled to 760 DEG C of insulation 15h with≤15 DEG C/h stove, be then chilled to 400 DEG C by the speed stove of≤10 DEG C/h and come out of the stove;
2, quench: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C rises to 650 DEG C with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, insulation 2h, then be warming up to 860 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤80 DEG C/h, insulation 10h, makes the abundant austenitizing of workpiece;
3, cool: water temperature is increased to 60 DEG C, workpiece is at 860 DEG C, after insulation 10h terminates, with driving, workpiece is taken out in stove, then adopt the mode of cooling 2.5 minutes-water 3 minutes-empty 1.5 minutes-water 3 minutes-oil (oil temperature 50 DEG C) 100 points in air to cool;
4, cooling terminates rear timely tempering, tempering process: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rises to 560 DEG C of insulation 20h, be then chilled to 300 DEG C with≤30 DEG C/h stove and come out of the stove and both can with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h.
The mechanical property of table 3 comparative example 2
comparative example 3:the thermal treatment of 5CrNiMo die steel
1, increase carbide annealing process before quenching: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rise to 820 DEG C of insulation 8h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, be then chilled to 760 DEG C of insulation 15h with≤15 DEG C/h stove, be then chilled to 400 DEG C by the speed stove of≤10 DEG C/h and come out of the stove;
2, quench: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C rises to 650 DEG C with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, insulation 2h, then be warming up to 880 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤80 DEG C/h, insulation 12h, makes the abundant austenitizing of workpiece;
3, cool: driving is taken out workpiece in stove, and travel to oil groove place and workpiece is put into oil groove, the mode that workpiece cools 120 minutes (oil temperature 50 DEG C) in oil cools;
Another kind of cooling: driving is taken out workpiece in stove, travel to PAG quenching liquid bath place and workpiece is put into groove, the mode that workpiece cools 100 minutes (PAG temperature 30 DEG C) in PAG hardening liquid cools;
4, cooling terminates rear timely tempering, tempering process: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rises to 560 DEG C of insulation 20h, be then chilled to 300 DEG C with≤30 DEG C/h stove and come out of the stove and both can with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h.
The mechanical property of table 4 comparative example 3
the thermal treatment of embodiment 2:H13 die steel
Improve speed of cooling, increase hardened depth, make mechanical property requirements reach customer requirement, workpiece carries out following heat treatment test:
1, increase carbide annealing process before quenching: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rise to 860 DEG C of insulation 12h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, be chilled to 760 DEG C of insulation 35h with≤30 DEG C/h stove, be then chilled to 240 DEG C by the speed stove of≤30 DEG C/h;
2, quench: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rise to 680 DEG C of insulation 3h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, then be warming up to 1050 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤80 DEG C/h, insulation 16h, makes the abundant austenitizing of workpiece;
3, cool: water temperature is increased to 40 DEG C, with driving, workpiece is taken out in stove, then adopt the mode of air cooling 2.5 minutes-water 8 minutes-empty 1 minute-water, 8 minutes-oil cooling (oil temperature 60 DEG C) 120 points to cool;
4, cooling terminates rear timely tempering, and tempering performs technique: shove charge at≤300 DEG C, 300 DEG C of insulation 6h, then rises to 580 DEG C of insulation 26h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, and be then chilled to 240 DEG C with≤30 DEG C/h stove and come out of the stove, drawing process repeats 2 times, and technological process terminates.
The mechanical properties test data of forging are as shown in table 5, and mechanical property all meets the demands.
Table 5 mechanical property
the thermal treatment of comparative example 4:H13 die steel
1, quench: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rise to 680 DEG C of insulation 3h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, then be warming up to 1050 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤80 DEG C/h, insulation 12h, makes the abundant austenitizing of workpiece;
2, cool: water temperature is increased to 40 DEG C, with driving, workpiece is taken out in stove, then adopt the mode of air cooling 2.5 minutes-water 8 minutes-empty 1 minute-water, 8 minutes-oil cooling (oil temperature 60 DEG C) 120 points to cool;
3, cooling terminates rear timely tempering, and tempering performs technique: shove charge at≤300 DEG C, 300 DEG C of insulation 6h, then rises to 580 DEG C of insulation 26h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, and be then chilled to 240 DEG C with≤30 DEG C/h stove and come out of the stove, drawing process repeats 2 times, and technological process terminates.Mechanical property is in table 6.
The mechanical property of table 6 comparative example 4
the thermal treatment of comparative example 5:H13 die steel
1, increase carbide annealing process before quenching: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rise to 860 DEG C of insulation 12h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, be chilled to 760 DEG C of insulation 35h with≤30 DEG C/h stove, be then chilled to 240 DEG C by the speed stove of≤30 DEG C/h;
2, quench: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rise to 680 DEG C of insulation 3h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, then be warming up to 1050 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤80 DEG C/h, insulation 16h, makes the abundant austenitizing of workpiece;
3, cool: with driving, workpiece is taken out in stove, then adopt the mode of oil cooling 180 points (oil temperature 60 DEG C) to cool;
4, cooling terminates rear timely tempering, and tempering performs technique: shove charge at≤300 DEG C, 300 DEG C of insulation 6h, then rises to 580 DEG C of insulation 26h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, and be then chilled to 240 DEG C with≤30 DEG C/h stove and come out of the stove, drawing process repeats 2 times, and technological process terminates.
The mechanical property of table 7 comparative example 5
the thermal treatment of comparative example 6:H13 die steel
1, increase carbide annealing process before quenching: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rise to 860 DEG C of insulation 12h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, be chilled to 760 DEG C of insulation 35h with≤30 DEG C/h stove, be then chilled to 240 DEG C by the speed stove of≤30 DEG C/h;
2, quench: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rise to 680 DEG C of insulation 3h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, then be warming up to 1000 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤80 DEG C/h, insulation 16h, makes the abundant austenitizing of workpiece;
3, cool: water temperature is increased to 40 DEG C, with driving, workpiece is taken out in stove, then adopt the mode of air cooling 2.5 minutes-water 8 minutes-empty 1 minute-water 8 minutes-oil 120 points (oil temperatures 60 DEG C) to cool;
4, cooling terminates rear timely tempering, and tempering performs technique: shove charge at≤300 DEG C, 300 DEG C of insulation 6h, then rises to 580 DEG C of insulation 26h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, and be then chilled to 240 DEG C with≤30 DEG C/h stove and come out of the stove, drawing process repeats 2 times, and technological process terminates.
The mechanical property of table 8 comparative example 6
Above-described embodiment is the present invention's preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention are not by the restriction of embodiment; other is any do not deviate from spirit of the present invention and principle under make change, modification, combination, substitute, simplify and all should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a thermal treatment process for hot-work die steel forgings, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) Spheroidizing Annealing: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rise to 820 DEG C of insulation 8-10h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, be then chilled to 760 DEG C with≤15 DEG C/h stove, insulation 10-15h, is then chilled to 400 DEG C by the speed stove of≤10 DEG C/h and comes out of the stove;
(2) quench: through the forging of step (1) Spheroidizing Annealing≤400 DEG C of shove charges, rise to 650 DEG C with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, insulation 2-4h, then be warming up to 860-880 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤80 DEG C/h, insulation 10-12h;
(3) cool: the forging through step (2) adopts air cooling 2-5 minute, water-cooled 3-8 minute, air cooling 1-1.5 minute, water-cooled 3-8 minute, and the mode of oil cooling 60-100 minute cools, and water temperature is 40-60 DEG C, and oil temperature is 30-80 DEG C;
(4) tempering: through forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C of step (3), rise to 560-600 DEG C with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, insulation 18-20h, is then chilled to 300 DEG C with≤30 DEG C/h stove and comes out of the stove and both can;
Described hot-work die steel is 5CrNiMo die steel.
2. thermal treatment process according to claim 1, carbide annealing process is increased: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C before it is characterized in that step (1) quenching, 820 DEG C of insulation 8h are risen to the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, then be chilled to 760 DEG C of insulation 15h with≤15 DEG C/h stove, be then chilled to 400 DEG C by the speed stove of≤10 DEG C/h and come out of the stove.
3. thermal treatment process according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that step (2) is quenched: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C rises to 650 DEG C with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, insulation 2h, then is warming up to 880 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤80 DEG C/h, insulation 10h.
4. the thermal treatment process according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that step (3) cools: cooling 2.5 minutes in the forging employing air of step (2), water-cooled 3 minutes, the air cooling 1.5 minutes-water-cooled 3 minutes-oil cooling mode of 100 minutes cools; Water temperature is 60 DEG C, oil temperature 50 DEG C.
5. thermal treatment process according to claim 1, is characterized in that step (4) tempering process: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rises to 560 DEG C of insulation 20h, be then chilled to 300 DEG C with≤30 DEG C/h stove and come out of the stove and both can with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h.
6. a thermal treatment process for hot-work die steel forgings, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) Spheroidizing Annealing: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rises to 860-880 DEG C of insulation 8-12h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, is chilled to 760-780 DEG C of insulation 26-35h, is then chilled to 240 DEG C by the speed stove of≤30 DEG C/h with≤30 DEG C/h stove;
(2) quench: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rise to 680 DEG C of insulation 3-6h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, then be warming up to 1020-1070 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤80 DEG C/h, insulation 10-16h, makes the abundant austenitizing of workpiece;
(3) cool: with driving, workpiece will be taken out in stove, then adopt air cooling 2-5 minute, water-cooled 5-10 minute, air cooling 1 minute, water-cooled 5-10 minute, the mode that oil cooling is 120 points cools; Water temperature is 40-60 DEG C, and oil temperature is 30-100 DEG C;
(4) tempering: shove charge at≤300 DEG C, 300 DEG C of insulation 3-6h, then rise to 580-620 DEG C of insulation 20-26h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, be then chilled to 240 DEG C with≤30 DEG C/h stove and come out of the stove, drawing process repeats 2 times;
Described die steel is H13 die steel.
7. thermal treatment process according to claim 6, it is characterized in that step (1) carbide annealing process: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, 860 DEG C of insulation 12h are risen to the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, be chilled to 760 DEG C of insulation 35h with≤30 DEG C/h stove, be then chilled to 240 DEG C by the speed stove of≤30 DEG C/h.
8. the thermal treatment process according to claim 6 or 7, is characterized in that step (2) is quenched: forging shove charge at≤400 DEG C, rises to 680 DEG C of insulation 3h, then is warming up to 1050 DEG C with the heat-up rate of≤80 DEG C/h, insulation 16h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h.
9. the thermal treatment process according to any one of claim 6-8, is characterized in that step (3) cools: adopt air cooling 2.5 minutes, water-cooled 8 minutes, air cooling 1 minute, water-cooled 8 minutes, the mode that oil cooling is 120 points cools, and water temperature is 40 DEG C, oil temperature 60 DEG C.
10. the thermal treatment process according to any one of claim 6-9, it is characterized in that step (4) tempering: shove charge at≤300 DEG C, 300 DEG C of insulation 6h, then rise to 580 DEG C of insulation 26h with the speed of≤60 DEG C/h, then be chilled to 240 DEG C with≤30 DEG C/h stove to come out of the stove, drawing process repeats 2 times.
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