CN102714173A - 隧道结过孔 - Google Patents

隧道结过孔 Download PDF

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CN102714173A
CN102714173A CN2010800608981A CN201080060898A CN102714173A CN 102714173 A CN102714173 A CN 102714173A CN 2010800608981 A CN2010800608981 A CN 2010800608981A CN 201080060898 A CN201080060898 A CN 201080060898A CN 102714173 A CN102714173 A CN 102714173A
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M.C.盖蒂斯
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Core Usa Second LLC
GlobalFoundries Inc
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Abstract

一种用于形成隧道结或TJ电路的方法,该方法包括:形成底部布线层(308);形成接触底部布线层的多个TJ(301);与多个TJ的形成同时形成多个隧道结过孔或TJV(305),TJV接触底部布线层;以及形成接触多个TJ和多个TJV的顶部布线层(310)。一种包括多个隧道结的电路,该电路包括:接触多个TJ的底部布线层,底部布线层还接触多个隧道结过孔,其中,多个TJ和多个TJV包括相同的材料;以及接触多个TJ和多个TJV的顶部布线层。

Description

隧道结过孔
技术领域
本发明一般涉及隧道结器件电路的制造领域。
背景技术
隧道结(TJ)阵列用于制造各种电器件,包括磁阻随机存取存储器(MRAM)阵列以及超导约瑟夫森(Josephson)结电路。TJ包括两种不同材料之间的结(例如,具有导电基部电极材料、绝缘隧道势垒材料以及导电顶部电极材料的夹层结构);电子经由跨越绝缘隧道势垒材料的量子隧穿(tunneling)在两种导电材料之间移动。具有基于TJ的器件的电路可以具有接触TJ的顶部电极的顶部金属层(例如,后段制程(back-end-of-line,BEOL)布线级)、以及接触TJ的底部电极的底部金属布线层。一个或者多个低电阻外围触点或者过孔可以将底部金属层连接到顶部金属层。过孔可以包括低电阻金属,诸如铜或者钨。跨越TJ器件各层的、从顶部金属层到底金属层的过孔连接可以使用专用光掩膜级、以及单或者双嵌入(大马士革(Damascene))金属化来制造。图1图示形成包括过孔的隧道结电路的方法的实施例。在块101中,形成用于将电路连接到隧道结结构的底部的基层或者底层布线。在块102中,通过适合的方法(诸如掩蔽(masking)以及刻蚀工艺)来形成隧道结。在块103中,围绕隧道结形成电介质膜。电介质膜的顶部表面可以被平坦化以与相继发生的光刻和刻蚀步骤简单地整合。在块104,将过孔洞光刻地限定并且刻蚀到电介质,以使得能电连接到块101中形成的基布线层。在块105中,以这样的方式使用相对复杂的多层掩蔽来形成顶层布线沟槽,使得在应用布线沟槽光刻之前保护和/或平坦化块104中形成的过孔洞。在块106,使用例如单或者双嵌入工艺利用金属填充顶层布线沟槽和过孔。
创建TJ器件电路中的过孔结构必需的工艺步骤可能减少电路的产量,因为该工艺步骤可能引起电路的关键区域中的缺陷,或者可能形成有缺陷的过孔。过孔还可能随着时间倾向于形成开路,引起电路操作中的故障。另外,过孔形成可能是相对昂贵的;过孔形成要求的工艺步骤以及光刻可能是用于TJ器件电路的后段制程(BEOL)处理的总成本的至多10%。
发明内容
在一方面,一种用于形成隧道结(TJ)电路的方法,该方法包括:形成底部布线层;形成接触底部布线层的多个TJ;与多个TJ的形成同时形成多个隧道结过孔(TJV),TJV接触底部布线层;以及形成接触多个TJ和多个TJV的顶部布线层。
在一方面,包括多个隧道结(TJ)的电路包括:接触多个TJ的底部布线层,底部布线层还接触多个隧道结过孔(TJV),其中,多个TJ和多个TJV包括相同的材料;以及接触多个TJ和多个TJV的顶部布线层。
在一方面,将顶部布线层连接到底部布线层的隧道结过孔(TJV)包括:第一层导电材料;第一层导电材料顶部上的隧道势垒;以及隧道势垒顶部上的第二层导电材料,其中,TJV包括顶部布线层和底部布线层之间的低电阻连接。
通过本示例性实施例的技术实现附加特征。在此详细描述其他实施例,并且其被视为要求保护的一部分。为了更好地理解示例性实施例的特征,参考描述和附图。
附图说明
现在参考附图,其中在几个图中同样的元件被同样地标号。
图1是图示形成包括金属过孔的隧道结电路的方法的实施例的流程图;
图2是图示形成包括隧道结过孔的隧道结电路的方法的实施例的流程图;
图3图示包括隧道结过孔的隧道结电路的实施例的剖视图;以及
图4图示包括隧道结过孔的隧道结电路的实施例的俯视图。
具体实施方式
利用下面详细讨论的示例性实施例提供隧道结过孔(TJV)的实施例。
可以通过用隧道结过孔(TJV)结构替代金属过孔,来消除TJ阵列制造中的常规过孔工艺。TJV可以与TJ同时并且用与TJ相同的材料形成。TJV可以具有相对低的电阻,使得TJV可以充当金属过孔的替代物。与TJ器件相比TJV可以在面积上制作得相对大,以便降低TJV的电阻。TJV是有利的,其中过孔和TJ器件结构之间的重叠容差是关键的。这是因为TJV形成不要求与TJ级对准的单独过孔光刻级,所以多级掩膜重叠误差不出现。TJV可以从与TJ相同的光刻掩膜来印制,确保良好的对准。TJV还可以在各种类型的工艺中使用,诸如先沟槽双嵌入(trench-first dual-damascene)工艺,由于过孔尺寸或者特征形状工艺可能不允许铜过孔的形成。此外,TJV材料可能在故障时形成短路,允许TJ阵列中的TJV的连续操作,而标准金属过孔可能当故障时形成开路,导致过孔变得不可操作。
可以通过在TJV的刻蚀限定期间以增强侧壁的再沉积的形状形成TJV,来进一步降低TJV电阻。例如,不同于凸面、圆形形状,TJV可以具有哑铃型的形状,具有用于捕获刻蚀的材料的凹面内含物。捕获的刻蚀的材料可以用作隧道势垒的分路,将其电阻降低至多级导线互连所期望的等级。此外,TJV可以在电路建立和测试期间被电子寻址,使得TJV可以在操作中经受相对大的电压脉冲,而不是使TJ经受相对大的电压脉冲。相对大的电压脉冲可能引起TJV的隧道势垒击穿,形成短路并且降低TJV材料的电阻。
图2图示形成包括TJV的隧道结电路的方法的实施例。在块201中,形成用于将电路连接到隧道结结构的底部的基层或者底部层布线。在块202,通过适当的方法(诸如掩蔽或者刻蚀工艺)同时形成TJ和TJV。在块203中,在TJ和TJV周围形成电介质膜。还可以平坦化电介质膜的顶部表面。在块204,使用简单的光刻和刻蚀形成顶层布线沟槽。由于不存在要平坦化或者保护的过孔洞,可以利用相对简单的单级光致抗蚀剂处理来执行刻蚀的掩蔽。刻蚀后的布线沟槽暴露TJ和TJV的顶部电极。在块205中,使用例如单嵌入工艺利用金属填充顶层布线沟槽。在块206中,TJV可选地经受相对大的电压脉冲,引起TJV中的隧道势垒击穿,由此降低TJV结构的电阻。TJV可以被寻址,使得TJ不受相对大的电压脉冲的影响。
在图3中示出包括TJ 301和TJV 305的隧道结电路的实施例的剖面300。TJ 301和TJV 305每个包括由隧道势垒(303a-b)分离的两个TJ材料层(302a-b和304a-b)。在一些实施例中TJ材料302a-b和304a-b可以包括磁材料或者超导材料,诸如钴、铁、硼、铌、铝或者镍,并且在一些实施例中隧道势垒303a-b可以包括氧化镁或者氧化铝。在一些实施例中布线层308可以包括前段制程(front end of line,FEOL)或者低级后段制程(BEOL)布线层。布线层308中的接触306a和306b还可以连接到层308下的电路。在一些实施例中底部接触306a-b可以包括铜。底部接触306a连接到TJ 301,并且底部接触306b连接到TJV 305。在一些实施例中布线层310可以包括BEOL布线层。TJ 301连接到作为布线层310的部分的顶部接触307a。TJV 305连接到也作为布线层310的部分的顶部接触307b。在一些实施例中顶部接触307a-b可以包括铜。绝缘电介质层309围绕TJ 301和TJV 305。使用相同的方法同时形成TJ 301和TJV 305;然而,为了减小的电阻,可以形成大于TJ 301的TJV 305,如图3所示。区域312可以包括提供布线层308和布线层310之间的电连续性的任何适当导电材料。
TJV 305还可以具有一个或者多个凹表面,如图4所示。图4图示沿着图3的线311取得的电路300的俯视图400的实施例。TJ 301和TJ V305由绝缘电介质材料309包围。TJ 301包括凸面形状,而TJV 305可以包括一个或者多个凹表面,诸如凹表面401和402,其用于在刻蚀期间捕获刻蚀的材料。仅仅为了说明的目的示出TJ 301和具有凹表面401和402的TJV 305;TJ的实施例可以包括任何适合形状,并且TJV的实施例可以包括凸表面或者具有一个或者多个凹表面的任何适合形状。
示例性实施例的技术效果和益处包括在包括隧道结器件的电路的形成中,消除过孔工艺以及简化布线刻蚀掩膜形成。
在此使用的术语仅仅是为了描述特定实施例的目的,并且不意图限制本发明。如在此使用的,单数形式的“一个”和“该”也意图包括复数形式,除非上下文另外清楚地指示。将进一步理解,当在本说明书中使用术语“包括”和/或“包含”时,规定所述特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或组件的存在,但不排除一个或者多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、组件和或其组合的存在或者附加。
权利要求中的所有部件的对应结构、材料、行为和其等效物或者步骤加功能元件意图包括与其他要求保护的元件相结合用于执行该功能的任何结构、材料或者行为,如具体要求保护的。本发明的描述已经为了图示和描述的目的而呈现,但不意图以公开的形式穷尽或者限制本发明。在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下,很多修改和变型对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显然的。选取和描述实施例,以便最佳地解释本发明原理和实际应用,以及以便本领域的其他普通技术人员针对具有如适合于设想的特定用途的各种修改的各种实施例能够理解本发明。

Claims (20)

1.一种形成隧道结TJ电路的方法,该方法包括:
形成底部布线层;
形成接触底部布线层的多个TJ;
与多个TJ的形成同时形成多个隧道结过孔TJV,所述TJV接触底部布线层;以及
形成接触多个TJ和多个TJV的顶部布线层。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括与多个TJ分离地电寻址多个TJV。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,还包括使多个TJV经受配置为引起多个TJV短路击穿的电压。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,还包括形成多个TJV,使得多个TJV包括至少一个凹表面。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中,形成多个TJ以及多个TJV包括刻蚀,以及多个TJV的至少一个凹表面配置为在刻蚀期间捕获刻蚀的材料,以便减小多个TJV的电阻。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中,形成多个TJ以及多个TJV包括刻蚀,以及多个TJV的至少一个凹表面配置为在刻蚀期间捕获刻蚀的材料,以便当经受配置为引起多个TJV的短路击穿的电压时,引起多个TJV结构的短路击穿。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,多个TJV的至少一个大于多个TJ的至少一个。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,底部布线层包括前段制程FEOL布线层,以及顶部布线层包括后段制程BEOL布线层。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,多个TJ以及多个TJV每个包括由隧道势垒分离的两层导电材料。
10.一种包括多个隧道结TJ的电路,该电路包括:
接触多个TJ的底部布线层,底部布线层还接触多个隧道结过孔TJV,其中,多个TJ和多个TJV包括相同的材料;以及
接触多个TJ和多个TJV的顶部布线层。
11.如权利要求10所述的电路,其中,多个TJV是与多个TJ分离地电可寻址的。
12.如权利要求10所述的电路,其中,多个TJV的至少一个包括短路。
13.如权利要求10所述的电路,其中,多个TJV的至少一个大于多个TJ的至少一个。
14.如权利要求10所述的电路,其中,多个TJV的至少一个包括至少一个凹表面。
15.如权利要求14所述的电路,其中,通过刻蚀形成多个TJ和多个TJV,以及多个TJV的至少一个凹表面配置为在刻蚀期间捕获刻蚀的材料。
16.如权利要求10所述的电路,其中,底部布线层包括前段制程FEOL布线层,以及顶部布线层包括后段制程BEOL布线层。
17.如权利要求10所述的电路,其中,多个TJ和多个TJV每个包括通过隧道势垒分离的两层导电材料。
18.一种隧道结过孔TJV,所述隧道结过孔为了夹层低电阻连接的目的,将顶部布线层连接到底部布线层,所述隧道结过孔包括:
第一层导电材料;
第一层导电材料顶部上的隧道势垒;以及
隧道势垒顶部上的第二层导电材料,其中,TJV包括顶部布线层和底部布线层之间的低电阻连接。
19.如权利要求18所述的隧道结过孔TJV,其中,TJV包括至少一个凹表面。
20.如权利要求19所述的隧道结过孔TJV,其中,通过刻蚀形成TJV,以及TJV的至少一个凹表面配置为在刻蚀期间捕获刻蚀的材料。
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