CN102713067B

CN102713067B - Rail fastener

Info

Publication number: CN102713067B
Application number: CN201080060587.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李光泽; 王东华
Original assignee: Lord Corp
Current assignee: Lord Corp
Priority date: 2010-01-08
Filing date: 2010-01-08
Publication date: 2017-07-18
Anticipated expiration: 2030-01-08
Also published as: WO2011082540A1; CN107366202A; JP2013516559A; CN107366202B; CN102713067A; KR20120112771A

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of rail fastener being arranged on rail on railway roadbed（10）.The rail fastener includes the lower bolster to agree with railway roadbed（30）With the upper padding plate with the rail installation component to agree with rail（20）.The first cushion between upper padding plate and lower bolster（40）Upper padding plate is supported in lower bolster.Rail fastener also includes at least one pressing element（50）, upper padding plate is pressed into lower bolster or lower bolster is pressed into upper padding plate.The rail fastener has relatively small total stiffness factor, while being maintained at rational deflection region.The rail fastener also has relatively small overall dimension and simple structure, while having three-level effective stiffness coefficient.

Description

Rail fastener

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of rail fastener being fixed on rail on railway roadbed, more particularly between two backing plates up and down Rail fastener with resilience elastic layer.

Goal of the invention

It is therefore an object of the present invention to solve at least one problem or multiple problems proposed in the prior art.Especially, It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of rail fastener with resilience elastic layer between upper lower bolster, with multistage effective Stiffness factor（spring rate）.Bottom line, the present invention provides a kind of practical selection for the public.

The content of the invention

Correspondingly, the invention provides a kind of rail fastener, to install rail on railway roadbed.Rail is in the first direction Extension.Rail fastener is including for the lower bolster agreed with railway roadbed and with the rail installation component for agreeing with rail Upper padding plate.First cushion is located between upper padding plate and lower bolster, to support upper padding plate on lower bolster.The rail is fastened Part also includes at least one pressing element, upper padding plate is pressed into lower bolster, or lower bolster is pressed into upper padding plate.

Preferably, upper padding plate is pressed to lower bolster by the second cushion or lower bolster is pressed into upper padding plate by pressing element. Second cushion is located between upper padding plate and pressing element, or between lower bolster and pressing element.

Alternatively, upper padding plate is pressed to lower bolster by pressing element.

Advantageously, upper padding plate has two opposite upper padding plate ends, two opposite upper padding plate ends along perpendicular to The second direction arrangement of first direction, and, corresponding two opposite upper padding plate ends, pressing element is by upper padding plate pressure To lower bolster.

Preferably, two opposite upper padding plate ends are on the straight line biasing parallel to second direction.It is highly preferred that underlay Plate has two opposite lower bolster ends arranging in a second direction, described two opposite lower bolster ends on parallel to The straight line biasing of second direction.It is highly preferred that lower bolster is configured to that upper padding plate can be accommodated.

Alternatively, two opposite upper padding plate ends are arranged on the straight line parallel with second direction.

Advantageously, the pressing element lower bolster end opposite with two is agreed with respectively.It is highly preferred that pressing element and each Opposite lower bolster end is bolted.

Preferably, two opposite upper padding plate ends are individually rectangular, its length in a first direction, and, Above-mentioned length is completely covered in two cushions.

Alternatively, two opposite upper padding plate ends are individually rectangular, its width in a second direction, and, Two cushions cover a part for above-mentioned width.

Preferably, two opposite upper padding plate ends are each circular, and with side face, and, the second cushion Above-mentioned side face is completely covered.

Preferably, upper padding plate has towards the upper padding plate bottom surface of lower bolster, and, whole described upper padding plate bottom surface is set There is the first cushion.Interchangeable, a part of upper padding plate bottom surface is provided with the first cushion, or, the whole upper pad Plate bottom surface is all not provided with the first cushion.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of rail fastener, rail is arranged on railway roadbed, rail along First direction extends, and above-mentioned rail fastener includes：

For the lower bolster agreed with railway roadbed；

Upper padding plate, it, which is carried, is used for the rail installation component that agrees with rail, the upper padding plate have two it is opposite upper Backing plate end, two opposite upper padding plate ends arrange along the second direction perpendicular to first direction, and, two are opposite upper Backing plate end is on the straight line biasing parallel to second direction；

First cushion, between upper padding plate and lower bolster, to support upper padding plate on lower bolster；

It is characterized in that：The lower bolster has the two opposite lower bolster ends arranged in a second direction, described two Individual opposite lower bolster end is biased on the straight line parallel with second direction.

Another aspect of the invention, which is to provide, a kind of includes the rail system of above-mentioned rail fastener.

An additional aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method being arranged on rail on railway roadbed.Rail prolongs in the first direction Stretch.A kind of rail fastener is provided, the rail fastener includes：

Lower bolster, to agree with railway roadbed；

Upper padding plate, it has rail installation component to agree with rail；

First cushion, between upper padding plate and lower bolster, to support upper padding plate on lower bolster.

At least one pressing element, upper padding plate is pressed into lower bolster or lower bolster is pressed into upper padding plate.

Rail is agreed with upper padding plate.

Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for manufacturing rail fastener, and the rail fastener is to by steel Rail is arranged on railway roadbed.Rail is extended in a first direction.Lower bolster is provided, to agree with railway roadbed, and, set on lower bolster Put the first cushion.Then upper padding plate is arranged on lower bolster so that the first cushion is between upper padding plate and lower bolster, Play a part of supporting upper padding plate on lower bolster.Upper padding plate has rail installation component, to agree with rail.Then provide Upper padding plate is pressed to lower bolster by least one pressing element, or lower bolster is pressed into upper padding plate.

Brief description of the drawings

Below, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by way of illustration by referring to accompanying drawing,

Wherein：

Fig. 1 is the various views of the first example rail fastener；

Fig. 2 is the rail fastener shown in Fig. 1（Without rail）Axonometric drawing；

Fig. 3 is another example rail fastener designed with different upper padding plates；

Fig. 4 is the process that pressing element is installed in rail fastener shown in Fig. 1；

Fig. 5 is the replaceable design of another pressing element for rail fastener and lower bolster；

Fig. 6 is diagram of the cushion between the upper padding plate and lower bolster of rail fastener；

Fig. 7 shows to carry out the rail fastener of the present invention that finite element analysis is drawn by the performance data to modeling/prediction Vertical rigidity（vertical stiffness）, the rail fastener has effective multistage sectional stiffness factor；

Fig. 8 is another alternative design of the upper padding plate and lower bolster for rail fastener；

Fig. 9 is the rail fastener of another example；

Figure 10 is the rail fastener of another example；

Figure 11 is a kind of alternative rail fastener, and wherein pressing element presses to lower bolster

Upper padding plate.

Embodiment

Below, referring to the drawings, the present invention is described in an illustrative manner.Table 1 below is parts

Name list, in order to the drawing reference numeral in easily refer to the attached drawing.

Drawing reference numeral	Description
		10	Rail fastener
12	Rail
		20	Upper padding plate
22	Rail agrees with component
		24	Upper padding plate end
30	Lower bolster
		32	Railway roadbed agrees with component
34	Lower bolster end
		40	First cushion
42	First cushion end
		44	First cushion sidepiece
50	Pressing element
		60	Second cushion
70	The maintenance part of pressing element

Table 1

The purpose of the present invention, feature and object are all contained in following description either obvious.It is general to this area For logical technical staff, it is only a kind of description to embodiment that the discussion of this part, which should be understood that, it is impossible to by institute of the present invention The scope for the aspect being related to is defined to the content being previously mentioned in embodiment.

Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 shows a kind of rail fastener 10 of example.Rail fastener 10 has upper padding plate 20, upper padding plate 20 agree with component including rail（Fastener）22, rail 12 agrees with component 22 with the rail and agreed with.Rail agrees with component 22 can be with It is various known devices, including but not limited to railway clamp, stacking（mound）With Pan Deluoer fasteners.In Fig. 1, upper padding plate 20 by Solid piece is formed, and in figure 3, upper padding plate 20 is hollow.Rail fastener 10 has lower bolster 30, is used to and railway roadbed （Can be ground）Engagement, engagement can use a variety of known mechanical devices, including but not limited to lug pin and screw.Upper pad Plate 20 and lower bolster 30 can be formed by any appropriate material, including cast iron or steel, spheroidal graphite cast-iron（spheroidal graphite iron）.

First cushion 40 is located between upper padding plate 20 and lower bolster 30, and it can be cured in upper padding plate 20 and lower bolster 30, or can be suitably shaped into as described in WO 2005/108675A1 similar to cover（boot）So that on Backing plate 20, the cushion 40 of lower bolster 30 and first are maintained at one in the case of not through over cure or using conventional brace Rise, the content in the patent document on this shaping is herein incorporated by reference.First cushion 40 can be closed with any Suitable natural elastomer or synthetic elastomer is made.As shown in fig. 6, the first cushion 40 can pass through the first cushion sidepiece 44 The whole side of upper padding plate 20 is surrounded, or, if desired, the first cushion sidepiece 44 in Fig. 6 can be omitted.It is preferred that Ground, cushion is Nian Jie with backing plate solidification, and backing plate and elastomer are preferably able to be molded and combine by vulcanizable cures in a mold.It is excellent Elastomer and metal caul, are bonded by selection of land with elastomer to the adhesive of metal.

As shown in Figures 1 to 5, at least one pressing element 50 is set upper padding plate is pressed into lower bolster.Such as Figure 11 institutes Show, another optional scheme is that lower bolster 30 is pressed into upper padding plate using pressing element 50.Have been surprisingly found that, pass through pressing element 50 pressurization, rail fastener of the invention has effective multistage sectional stiffness factor, as shown in Figure 7.Therefore, it is of the invention Rail fastener can provide the nuisance vibration of different frequency additional cushioning effect to be influenceed to minimize, with And, it is adaptable to various operating modes, such as flexure control, normal operation and extreme case.

As shown in Fig. 1 Section A-A and Fig. 3 H-H sections, upper padding plate 20 has two opposite to arrange in a second direction Upper padding plate end 24.Second direction is essentially perpendicular to first direction, the i.e. bearing of trend perpendicular to rail 12.It is opposite at two Upper padding plate end 24 at, be provided with corresponding pressing element 50, to by the second cushion 60 by upper padding plate 20 to underlay Plate 30 is pressed, and the second cushion 60 is located between upper padding plate and each pressing element.As shown in Figures 3 to 5, the second cushion 60 can With integral with the first cushion 40；Or, the second cushion 60 can be separated with the first cushion 40, such as Fig. 1, Fig. 9 and figure Shown in 10.In latter（Two cushions are separated）In the case of, as needed, the formation material of the second cushion 60 can be with The material of one cushion 40 is different, to obtain different effective stiffness coefficients.Second cushion is optional, but in order to more preferable Electrical separation（electric isolation）, it is recommended to use the bed course.

Fig. 4 shows to be arranged on pressing element 50 into the detailed process above a upper padding plate end 24.In the 1st step（Step 1）In, before pressing element 50 is applied, upper padding plate 20 can have height together with the first cushion 40 and the second cushion 60 G, as shown in figure 4, above-mentioned height g is higher than the height a of lower bolster 30.2nd step（Step 2）In, pressing element 50 is arranged at On two cushions 60, then press, upper padding plate 20 is equal to underlay together with the height of the first cushion 40 and the second cushion 60 The height of plate.As long as it should be noted, however, that upper padding plate 20 is pressed into lower bolster 30 across the second cushion 60, i.e. passing through Make the upper padding plate 20 should together with the height of the first cushion 40 and the second cushion 60 after the pressing upper padding plate 20 of pressing element 50 For the value less than g, rail fastener 10 of the invention can just be used.

Fig. 5 shows another optional pressing element 50, and it agrees with for U-shaped folder form with lower bolster.Different from Fig. 4 Example, before pressing element 50 is applied, upper padding plate 20 has height g together with the first cushion 40 and the second cushion 60, This is highly less than the height of lower bolster 30.However, the pressing element 50 in Fig. 5 is still able to by compensating this difference in height by upper pad Plate 20 presses to lower bolster 30.

Pressing element 50 is preferably able to maintain part 70 to be held in pressure position by pressing element, for example, using can facilitate Ground is arranged on the bolt in rail fastener 10.However, can be maintained from relative in rail fastener in pressing element 50 In the case of position, this pressing element maintenance part 70 can be omitted.For example, can be realized with the bolt for increasing bolt head dual Function, can both press upper padding plate, can maintain again from the position in rail fastener.Alternatively, in Fig. 5 U-clamp can also realize such purpose.

Fig. 1 is into Fig. 3, and two respective shapes in upper padding plate end 24 are all generally rectangular, and, the second cushion 60 Whole length of rectangle upper padding plate end 24 are completely covers along rail bearing of trend.However, the second cushion 60 also may be used Only to cover a part of above-mentioned length.Fig. 9 shows optional embodiment, wherein the second elastic layer 60 only covers upper padding plate end Along the horizontal a part of width of rail.Figure 10 is another embodiment of the present invention, and wherein upper padding plate end 24 is circular and had There is side face, the second cushion 60 covers whole side face.

As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the second cushion 60 need not be completely covered in pressing element 50, and in some special realities Apply in such as Fig. 9 and Figure 10, it is preferred that the second elastic layer 60, which is completely covered,.

It should be noted that upper padding plate 20 only can be pressed into lower bolster 30 with a pressing element 50, or by lower bolster 30 press to upper padding plate 20.As needed, pressing element 50 can also press the middle part of such as upper padding plate 20 or lower bolster 30.For For pressing element 50, it is not necessary to press upper padding plate 20 or lower bolster 30 at upper padding plate end 24 or lower bolster end 34 's.Further, as needed, pressing element 50 can only press one of upper padding plate end 24, or lower bolster end One of 34, or it is pressed against any other suitable position.Pressing element 50 can directly press upper padding plate 20 or Lower bolster 30（I.e. pressing element 50 directly caters to upper padding plate 20 or lower bolster 30）, or, indirectly press upper padding plate 20 or Lower bolster 30（By the second cushion 60 or any other suitable part, such as rail agrees with component 22）.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, lower bolster 30 has the recess with inclined side, the recess and upper padding plate End 24 is complementary.This characteristic is optional, as shown in figure 4, above-mentioned side can be vertical, this is preferred alternative reality Apply example.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 to embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 and Fig. 9 to Figure 10, two of upper padding plate 20 opposite Upper padding plate end 24 with the horizontally-parallel straight line of rail on biasing.Because having bigger projected area in the transverse direction of rail, institute Can be better against lateral flexure with the rail fastener with biasing upper padding plate end, this helps to maintain gauge.Phase As, two opposite lower bolster ends 34 can also be on biasing with the horizontally-parallel straight line of rail in lower bolster.This peace One of benefit of row is that rail fastener can be agreed with less lug pin with ground, such as Fig. 1 to embodiment shown in Fig. 3 In used 2, can so reduce the overall dimensions of rail fastener.Preferably, lower bolster 30 is configured to that upper padding plate can be accommodated 20, wherein both are with corresponding biased end.However, it is also possible to sacrifice size advantage and using has the upper padding plate of biased end With the lower bolster without biased end.

Fig. 8 is the so-called " conllinear of the present invention（in-line）" design, in this scheme, two of upper padding plate 20 Opposite ends 24 and two opposite ends 34 of lower bolster 30 are arranged on the straight line for crossing rail.

The whole bottom of upper padding plate 20 can be furnished with the first cushion.Or only a part is furnished with the first bullet in upper padding plate 20 Property pad.If required, the whole bottom of upper padding plate 20 can also be not provided with the first cushion.

Situation of the pressing element 50 so that upper padding plate 20 is pressed into lower bolster 30 or lower bolster 30 is pressed to upper padding plate 20 is set Under, rail fastener can be made to there is relatively small stiffness factor and with improved vibration attenuation.Rail fastener Total stiffness factor can be less than 15kN/mm, preferably in the range of 3 ~ 15kN/mm, more preferably scope is 3 ~ 10kN/mm, and It is maintained to rational rail buckle scope.

Further, it can provide that overall dimension is relatively small, rail with multistage effective stiffness coefficient using the present invention Fastener, and without using other biasing member such as additional springs.Meanwhile, the general structure of above-mentioned rail fastener is also relatively simple It is single.For rail fastener, in addition to additional cushioning effect is provided, smaller volume is also desired.This is Because the installation of this fastener is often because free space is not enough and is restricted.The volume of rail fastener of the present invention can Laterally further reduced along rail by the biased end of upper padding plate 20 and the biased end of lower bolster 30.

Although describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention by example, it is apparent that to people in the art For member, the present invention can be modified and be adjusted.In addition, embodiments of the invention should not be construed as being simply defined as the above The example or accompanying drawing mentioned.But must be expressly understood that, these adjustment and modification are all defined in the appended claims In the scope of the invention.For example, the characteristic for describing or illustrating as the part of one embodiment can be used for other embodiments In, to implement another embodiment.Therefore, present invention encompasses modifications and changes within the scope of the claims and its equivalent Displacement.

Claims

1. a kind of rail fastener, for installing rail on railway roadbed, the rail is extended in a first direction, the rail fastening Part includes：

- lower bolster, to agree with the railway roadbed；

- upper padding plate, it includes rail installation component, to agree with the rail；

- the first cushion, it is located between the upper padding plate and the lower bolster, to be supported on the lower bolster on described Backing plate；

Characterized in that, the rail fastener also includes：

- at least one pressing element, for the upper padding plate to be pressed into the lower bolster, or the lower bolster is pressed on described Backing plate；And

- wherein described upper padding plate has two opposite upper padding plate ends, described two opposite upper padding plate ends along with it is described The perpendicular second direction arrangement of first direction and parallel with a face of railway roadbed, and, it is opposite upper at corresponding two The upper padding plate is pressed to the lower bolster, and described two opposite upper padding plate ends by backing plate end, the pressing element Hold on the straight line biasing parallel to the second direction.

2. rail fastener according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The pressing element is by the second cushion by institute State upper padding plate and press to the lower bolster, or the lower bolster is pressed into the upper padding plate, second cushion is located at described Between upper padding plate and the pressing element, or between the lower bolster and the pressing element.

3. rail fastener according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The lower bolster has along the second direction cloth The two opposite lower bolster ends put, described two opposite lower bolster ends are on the straight line parallel to the second direction Biasing.

4. rail fastener according to claim 3, wherein：The lower bolster is configured to that the upper padding plate can be accommodated.

5. rail fastener according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：Described two opposite upper padding plate ends are arranged in On the straight line parallel with the second direction.

6. the rail fastener according to claim 3 or claim 4, it is characterised in that：The pressing element with it is corresponding Two opposite lower bolster ends mutually agree with.

7. the rail fastener according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that：The lower bolster has along institute Two opposite lower bolster ends of second direction arrangement are stated, and, the pressing element and corresponding two opposite underlays Mutually agree with plate end.

8. rail fastener according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The pressing element and the opposite lower bolster End is bolted.

9. the rail fastener according to any claim in claim 3 to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Institute State two opposite upper padding plate ends be each it is rectangular, its length in said first direction, and, second bullet The length is completely covered in property pad.

10. the rail fastener according to any claim in claim 3 to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Institute State two opposite upper padding plate ends be each it is rectangular, its width in this second direction, and, second bullet Property pad cover a part of width.

11. the rail fastener according to any claim in claim 3 to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Institute It is each circular to state two opposite upper padding plate ends, with side face, and, second cushion is completely covered described Side face.

12. the rail fastening according to any claim in claim 1, claim 2 and claim 3 to 5 Part, it is characterised in that：The upper padding plate has in face of the upper padding plate bottom surface of the lower bolster, and, the whole upper padding plate bottom Face is provided with first cushion.

13. the rail fastening according to any claim in claim 1, claim 2 and claim 3 to 5 Part, it is characterised in that：The upper padding plate has in face of the upper padding plate bottom surface of the lower bolster, and, the upper padding plate bottom surface A part is provided with first cushion.

14. the rail fastening according to any claim in claim 1, claim 2 and claim 3 to 5 Part, it is characterised in that：The upper padding plate has in face of the upper padding plate bottom surface of the lower bolster, and, the whole upper padding plate bottom Face is all not provided with first cushion.

15. a kind of rail fastener, for fixing rail on railway roadbed, the rail is extended in a first direction, and the rail is tight Firmware includes：

- lower bolster, to agree with the railway roadbed；

- upper padding plate, it includes rail installation component, to agree with the rail, the upper padding plate have two it is opposite upper Backing plate end, described two opposite upper padding plate ends edges second direction arrangement vertical with the first direction, and, it is described Two opposite upper padding plate ends are biased on the straight line parallel with the second direction；

It is characterized in that：The lower bolster has the two opposite lower bolster ends arranged along the second direction, described two Individual lower bolster end is on the straight line biasing parallel to the second direction.

16. a kind of track system with the rail fastener according to any claim in claim 1 to claim 15 System.