CN102708590A - Extensible general three-dimensional landscape simulation system - Google Patents
Extensible general three-dimensional landscape simulation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an extensible general three-dimensional landscape simulation system, and belongs to the technical field of a digital earth, three-dimensional geographical information displaying and virtual reality intersection. The extensible general three-dimensional landscape simulation system comprises a three-dimensional terrain construction module, a mapping module, a texture module and a cache module, wherein the mapping module and the texture module are respectively connected with the three-dimensional terrain construction module and the cache module; the three-dimensional terrain construction module requests for and receives high-altitude data from the mapping module and texture data from the texture module to construct a three-dimensional terrain and output drawing information to a drawer; the mapping module receives a high-altitude data request, information input of a camera and control information input of a user and maps the high-altitude data; the texture module supplies texture data; and the cache module requests for data from a data source and caches part of the data. The extensible general three-dimensional landscape simulation system can be used in the technical fields of the digital earth, virtual realities, three-dimensional (3D) geographical information systems (GIS), computer games and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ground scape emulation, relate in particular to a kind of extendible universal three-dimensional terrain simulation system, belong to the digitizing earth, three-dimensional geographic information demonstration and virtual reality interleaving techniques field.
Background technology
Scape emulation in real time has very important application at digital earth in the systems such as virtual reality, 3D GIS, computer game.In disclosed technology for single terrain rendering on a small scale with show more proven technique.Lindstrom has proposed the multiple resolution method for drafting of the landform (P.Lindstrom of continuous level details first in 1996; David Koller, William Ribarsky, Larry Hodges; Nick Faust; And Gregory Turner.Real-Time, Continuous Level of Detail Rendering of Height Fields.ACM SIGGRAPH 96Proceedings, pp.109-118; August 1996.), this algorithm uses quaternary tree to organize and describes the landform scene.Its bottom-up pattern that begins to simplify from refined model can labor CPU computing time; And its summit dependence utilizes the explicit data structure to preserve also to need a large amount of storage overheads, and such defective makes it be difficult to be applied among the larger landform scene.
Constraint quaternary tree algorithm (Restricted Quadtree) is extension and improvement (the Renato Pajarola.Large scale Terrain Visualization using the Restricted QuadtreeTriangulation.Proceedings IEEE Visualization ' 98 of Pajarola on Lindstrom algorithm basis; Pp.19-26&515,1998.).He uses being written into of data of quaternary tree array data structural support large scale scene.This method only need write down the height value on summit and the error amount of representative node region, summit, and does not need the explicit dependence of setting up between each summit, but this method can produce many degeneration triangles.
Lindstrom to the large-scale terrain design data of 0ut-of-core a kind of compressed data structure; This structure has very high relevant and consistance; Be beneficial to from external memory or telecommunication network and be written into desired data stream (P.Lindstrom, ValerioPascucci.Terrain Simplification Simplified:A General Framework for View-DependentOut-of-Core Visualization.IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 8 (3): 239-254 (2002) .) fast.
ROAM terrain rendering algorithm is to belong to a kind of regular grid type side (M.Duchaineau; Murrav Wolinsky, David E.Sigeti, Mark C.Mi l ler; Charles A1drich; And Mark B.MineevWeinstein.ROAMingterrain:Real-time optimally adapting meshes.IEEE Visualization 97 Conference Proceedings, pp.81-88, October 1997.).This algorithm is introduced the triangle binary tree structure, and the level of detail update mechanism that also has double priority level queue structure simultaneously is to satisfy the terrain rendering of LOD constraint.
Special construction to graphic hardware GPU; A kind of GeometryClipmaps terrain rendering technology (Lasasso F that on GPU, realizes of propositions such as Lasasso; Hoppe H.Geometry Cl ipmaps:Terrain Rendering UsingNested Regular Grids.ACM Transactions on Graphics 23 (3): 769-776; 2004), in the high speed vertex cache of GPU, and dynamic construction is the nested regular grid at center with the viewpoint to this method with data storage.
The discussion of above method all is confined to the structure and the rendering algorithm of dimensional topography grid basically; The close-coupled of data and data structure and algorithm wherein; Algorithm is very high for the dependency degree of data structure; And the data set of handling all is small local terrain data, and is difficult to combine with GIS-Geographic Information System.And current global three-dimensional geographic information system and the required processing of reality environment is various types of data of global magnanimity (more than the TB level), and the storage of data distributes and to be based on network environment.Therefore for each client; Bottleneck often is not limited only to the topographical surface rendering algorithm; Be also how the various ultra-large mass datas of organization and management are (like terrain data; Data texturing, three-dimension GIS vector data etc.), and how to make Data Acquisition can work in coordination with real-time rendering and carry out efficiently with transmitting.
Therefore, proposing a whole set of and relate to the landform algorithm data and obtain and organize, manage, is that the technology that this area needs to be resolved hurrily is asked white but can be competent at the requirement of modern terrain simulation system and have the stronger generalized system architecture scheme of expanding embeddability.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the terrain rendering system that exists in the prior art can not expand, and the technical matters that versatility is low proposes a kind of new terrain simulation system.
In order to realize above-mentioned technical purpose; The present invention peels off algorithm and data; System abstract be four universal logic modules, between adopt the asynchronous request communication modes of low coupling, can directly replace and rewrite wherein operational blocks which partition system and do not influence other modules operations and the completion system is revised.Can support multiple conventional landform rendering algorithm, and the data organization mode, network layer realizes directly embedding.System can implant other graphics systems fast.The present invention is a complete general framework, need not be directed against different data structures, data scale, and the data obtain manner is adjusted accordingly.This system framework has handles ad infinitum graphic data ability, can browse the earth surface information of any precision in global any place, and the three-dimension GIS interface is provided, and supports multiple GIS-Geographic Information System kinetic energy.
Specifically, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of extensible universal three-dimensional terrain simulation system; Said system comprises that dimensional topography makes up module, mapping block, texture module; And cache module, said mapping block makes up module with said dimensional topography respectively with said texture module and is connected with said cache module data;
Said dimensional topography makes up the module request and receives from the altitude figures of said mapping block with from the data texturing of said texture module, makes up dimensional topography, and exports drafting information to renderer;
Said mapping block receives the altitude figures request of said dimensional topography structure module, the information input and the subscriber control information input of camera, and said altitude figures is mapped to said dimensional topography structure module from said cache module:
Said texture module makes up module to said dimensional topography data texturing is provided;
Said cache module to the said mapping block of data source request and said texture module to data that said cache module is asked and the part in the said data of buffer memory.
Figure l has provided the structural drawing of three-dimensional terrain simulation system of the present invention.
Preferably, said dimensional topography structure module is connected with a GIS-Geographic Information System (GIS) interface data.Can the support to the GIS-Geographic Information System function be provided to three-dimensional terrain simulation system of the present invention through this interface.Said dimensional topography makes up module can further be superimposed to the dimensional topography surface with all compound geography information display message such as (comprising vectorial geographical figure layer, vector and scalar geography information), exports renderer jointly to.The function that this interface is further realized preferably includes the volume coordinate inquiry, space length inquiry, area and cubing, water logging analysis, intervisibility analysis, geography information functions such as level line inquiry.
Preferably, said mapping block comprises the high speed L2 cache of a not paging, and said L2 cache is less than said cache module and parallel with said cache module.
Preferably, said cache module adopts three-dimensional annular array paging structure.
More preferably; Also comprise a request queue between said cache module and the said data source; The request of data of said cache module is preserved in the described request formation, and the described request formation can comprise an order module, and said module is according to priority to said request of data ordering; The described request formation also can comprise the molality piece, and said module is removed the repetitive requests in the said request of data.The described request formation can comprise that also one merges optimal module, and said module is merged into the optimization process of the request of data of complete area greatly with the request of data of discrete areas, to reduce the frequency of network requests or disk I 0 request.
Also can comprise a data pool between said cache module and the said data source, said data pool is preserved the data from said data source, and said cache module obtains data from said data pool.
Fig. 2 has provided the instance that above-mentioned cache module obtains the concrete implementation of data.
In addition, said data source can comprise transport network layer and/or disk.When said data source comprises transport network layer and disk simultaneously, a data source can be set in the described request formation select module, the preferential data source of selecting said disk as said request of data of said module.
Compare with prior art, three-dimensional terrain simulation system of the present invention has better expandable type and versatility, and a not only wherein each functional module can be made amendment and replace according to actual needs, and whole drawing system also can be rooted in graphics system easily.In addition, the present invention is a complete general framework, need not be directed against different data structures, data scale, and the data obtain manner is adjusted accordingly.This system framework has handles ad infinitum graphic data ability, can browse the earth surface information of any precision in global any place, and the three-dimension GIS interface is provided, and supports multiple GIS-Geographic Information System kinetic energy.
Description of drawings
Figure l is the structural drawing of three-dimensional terrain simulation system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the instance that the cache module in the system of the present invention obtains the concrete implementation of data;
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing of embodiment of the invention terrain simulation system.Embodiment
Embodiment
Combine accompanying drawing that the present invention is further described through specific embodiment below.
Present embodiment provides a kind of based on network three-dimensional terrain simulation system, and the framework of this system can be expanded and the low coupling of module, that is to say that wherein any one part can independently replace to other algorithms or realize, and does not influence other modules.Only need to keep that basic communication interface is constant to get final product.This system architecture can adapt to almost any landform algorithm, and any data management mechanism and buffering, can support no matter C/S still is the B/S network architecture.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of whole terrain simulation system, can see, this terrain simulation system is relevant with the external graphics system has only four interfaces, and one is simple output interface, makes up module by dimensional topography and exports drafting information to renderer; One is two-way data interaction interface, and dimensional topography makes up module and is connected with geographical information system interface through this interface, obtains the support of GIS-Geographic Information System function; Remaining two is simple input interface, obtains the information (attitude that comprises camera, focal length, view finder etc.) of camera and user's control information, and these input informations are received by mapping block.As a characteristic of stock graphics engine of Modern Significance, the interface of the standard through realizing above-mentioned three simple input and output, a whole set of terrain simulation system just can directly be implanted any graphics system.Integrated with the three-dimensional geographic information system for ease, present embodiment further makes up in the module at dimensional topography this geographical information system interface is provided, and this interface provides vectorial geographical figure layer; The support of vector and scalar geography information Presentation Function, and comprised the volume coordinate inquiry, the space length inquiry; Area and cubing; Water logging is analyzed, intervisibility analysis, the support of geography information functions such as level line inquiry.
In addition; For a general abstract mechanism can be provided; Make any terrain rendering algorithm; Any caching mechanism or data organization mechanism can both be replaced use, and present embodiment carries out the standardization of a communication standard and few communication interface of trying one's best is provided each module in the terrain simulation system, reduce the degree of coupling.Fig. 3 has marked the communication channel between each module, and the communication between the module all realizes with request mode.
In the present embodiment terrain simulation system, other has a two-way external data securing mechanism, and the mode of obtaining data is transparent for whole terrain simulation system, wherein both can come from transport network layer, also can come from local disk.
Describe in detail separately in the face of each module of present embodiment terrain simulation system down.
1. mapping block
The main effect of mapping block is to accept the request of data that dimensional topography makes up module; Make up the data that module is returned request to said dimensional topography then; The not direct visit data of this module; But make up the data map of module through visit data Manage Containers-cache module-realize dimensional topography, realize mapping from the logical coordinates space to the world coordinates data.The actual tissue form of data is transparent for this module.Though in view of abstract angle; Mapping block is a packaging container; But because paging mapping time loss is bigger; Therefore the present embodiment high speed L2 cache that in mapping block, adds a not paging littler than cache module walks abreast with cache module, and this is arranged on actual Use Limitation rate height very, can fill and lead up to shine upon the efficient breach.
Mapping block is that one very strong dimensional topography of limitation makes up the bridge that forms between the mass data of algorithm in cache module, and can reach the result of browse (such as scene, viewpoint is followed, perhaps earth visual angle etc.) of various anticipations.In the present embodiment, the user can from arbitrarily angledly observe, real-time, interactive, can inside and outside selected geographic range, move freely, these all are in mapping block, to realize.If change the strategy of browsing of scape system entirely, realize again that then mapping block just can accomplish.
We can say that mapping block is unique and camera and user-dependent module, the information of subscriber control information or camera is handled by mapping block as the outside input.Mapping block receives after the camera information and subscriber control information of input, can the part control information in this information be transferred to dimensional topography and make up module, and said control information control dimensional topography makes up the form of module generating mesh.Simultaneously mapping block is according to the change of the control information calculating terrain information of the renewal of camera information and user's input; If find logic landform loss of learning to occur or do not satisfy the data qualification that dimensional topography makes up, then send the request of obtaining terrain data to cache module.
Generally speaking, the cooperative mechanism between landform structure module and the mapping block is: landform makes up module and asks for terrain data to mapping block; Mapping block makes up requirement and user's the control information and the ginseng of camera of module according to landform
Whether this terrain data of number inspection is present in the buffer module, if exist, then issues landform structure module to the address of buffer module request msg and with the address, makes up module by landform and uses data; If there are not data, then send the non-existent notification message of data to buffer module, obtain data by the latter.
2. cache module
Cache module is a data buffer in the internal memory; Its effect is the encapsulation of data form; Read-write and query interface are provided, simultaneously in internal memory, frequent visit data are carried out buffer memory, and to data source (local disk and transport network layer) transmission request of data.Cache module is a data management module fully independently, does not comprise any scene, the information that viewpoint position is relevant, also independently prediction etc.Data are normally paging or piecemeal in cache module the inside, but externally transparent, request of data is always transferred from memory cache.When mapping block when cache module sends request of data, if resident terrain data of being asked in the buffer page of cache module, then cache module returns to mapping block with it.But because memory cache is limited; The data that mapping block is asked possibly (promptly not skip leaf) among current buffering, so the scheduling of must skipping makes the data block at the data place that mapping block is asked get into and reside among the page buffering of cache module.For this reason, present embodiment uses the page expired and the mechanism of skipping herein.Consider the characteristic of terrain data, i.e. terrain data visit has continuity character in certain space, and present embodiment adopts the mode of loop configuration array in cache module, and what reality adopted is the annular array paging structure of a three-dimensional.In case skip leaf, cache module with the numbering of scarce data be sent to request of data formation (Request queue).
Request queue has the queue order function, such as an order module is set, according to all page of data requests of priority management.Request queue also has heavy function, removes the molality piece such as being provided with one, removes the request that repeats in the request queue.In addition, request queue also has optimizational function, merges optimal module such as being provided with one, and the request of data of discrete areas is merged into the request of data of big complete area, does this optimization process to reduce the frequency of network requests or disk I request.
The transmission that request queue is asked to local disk and transport network layer according to the mechanism of setting if the data source in the request queue selects above the module discovery local disk metadata cache is arranged, is then abandoned transport network layer request (this process is to user transparent).In case started the transport network layer request; Then transport network layer encapsulates the host-host protocol of network bottom layer; The requirement of response request formation is sent the data of being asked to the cluster of data server or server one by one, writes a data pool, and data pool is the memory block of the fixed size of in internal memory, opening up; Be specifically designed to the packet of the fixed size that interim storage receives from network or disk; In case the data of this data pool are full, just data in the data pool are sent to cache module, cache module writes back buffer memory with the page.
3. dimensional topography makes up module
Dimensional topography makes up module and passes through landform structure algorithm structure three-dimensional terrain wherein.Concrete landform makes up algorithm can adopt multiple existing main flow landform algorithm, such as the irrelevant top-down quaternary tree algorithm of frame, adaptivity landform algorithm ROAM that frame is relevant or the like, even asynchronous landform algorithm.
Any dimensional topography makes up algorithm, all need use altitude figures and data texturing.In the present embodiment, altitude figures is obtained through mapping block, and data texturing then obtains through texture module.
Texture module is responsible for the management of texture, the generation of texture and binding.
Texture module is accomplished the texture blend work of various complicacies on the backstage, while and cache module negotiate and obtain the texture block data.When dimensional topography structure module need be used data texturing, send request to texture module, if the texture of required use is own ready among texture module, then texture module sends to dimensional topography with available texture ID and makes up module, supplies its use.If the texture that should ask is unripe, then texture module is sent the notice that data texturing is short of to cache module, sends request of data by cache module to data source; In case obtained data texturing; Then texture module is carried out the encapsulation and the binding (data set that encapsulation is about among the internal memory is transferred among the video memory, and converts the data texturing form that GPU can discern and handle to) of texture again, more than works when accomplishing; Texture is promptly ready, can offer dimensional topography and make up the module use.
The 3D landform makes up module and accomplishes after the structure of landform, can all drafting information be exported to renderer, is drawn by renderer.
Claims (10)
1. extensible universal three-dimensional terrain simulation system; It is characterized in that; Said system comprises that dimensional topography makes up module, mapping block, texture module; And cache module, said mapping block makes up module with said dimensional topography respectively with said texture module and is connected with said cache module data; Said dimensional topography makes up the module request and receives from the altitude figures of said mapping block with from the data texturing of said texture module, makes up dimensional topography, and exports drafting information to renderer; Said mapping block receives the altitude figures request of said dimensional topography structure module, the information input and the subscriber control information input of camera, and said altitude figures is mapped to said dimensional topography structure module from said cache module; Said texture module makes up module to said dimensional topography data texturing is provided; Said cache module to the said mapping block of data source request and said texture module to data that said cache module is asked and the part in the said data of buffer memory.
2. like the described extensible universal terrain simulation system of claim l, it is characterized in that said dimensional topography makes up module and is connected with geographical information system interface data.
3. like the described extensible universal three-dimensional terrain simulation system of claim l, it is characterized in that said mapping block comprises the high speed L2 cache of a not paging, said L2 cache is less than said cache module and parallel with said cache module.
4. like the described extensible universal three-dimensional terrain simulation system of claim l, it is characterized in that said cache module adopts three-dimensional annular array paging structure.
5. foretell 4 any described extensible universal three-dimensional terrain simulation systems like claim; It is characterized in that; Also comprise a request queue between said cache module and the said data source; The request of data of said cache module is preserved in the described request formation, and the described request formation comprises an order module, and said module is according to priority to said request of data ordering.
6. extensible universal three-dimensional terrain simulation system as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that the described request formation comprises the molality piece, and said module is removed the repetitive requests in the said request of data.
7. extensible universal three-dimensional terrain simulation system as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, the described request formation comprises that one merges optimal module, and said module is merged into the request of data of discrete areas the request of data of complete area.
8. extensible universal three-dimensional terrain simulation system as claimed in claim 5; It is characterized in that; Also comprise a data pool between said cache module and the said data source, said data pool is preserved the data from said data source, and said cache module obtains data from said data pool.
9. extensible universal three-dimensional terrain simulation system as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that said data source comprises transport network layer and/or disk.
10. extensible universal three-dimensional terrain simulation system as claimed in claim 9; It is characterized in that; Said data source comprises transport network layer and disk, and the described request formation comprises data source selection module, the preferential data source of selecting said disk as said request of data of said module.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103092696A (en) * | 2012-12-29 | 2013-05-08 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | Three-dimensional space data pre-dispatching method and system thereof |
| CN103809937A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-05-21 | 北京仿真中心 | Intervisibility parallel processing method based on GPU |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103092696A (en) * | 2012-12-29 | 2013-05-08 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | Three-dimensional space data pre-dispatching method and system thereof |
| CN103809937A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-05-21 | 北京仿真中心 | Intervisibility parallel processing method based on GPU |
| CN103809937B (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2016-09-21 | 北京仿真中心 | A kind of intervisibility method for parallel processing based on GPU |
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Application publication date: 20121003 |