CN102074049A - Wide-range terrain scheduling simplifying method based on movement of viewpoint - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a wide-range terrain scheduling simplifying method based on movement of viewpoint, comprising the following steps: pre-processing data, establishing a storage logic model of the terrain in an external memory in advance, dividing the storage logic model of the terrain into blocks on the basis of the quadtree, establishing a multi-resolution model according to the geometrical characteristic of the terrain, and determining the rough division of levels of a scene; loading a logic block dividing model of the terrain into an internal memory according to the change of the scene, i.e. the change of the viewpoint in the real-time processing stage, wherein the data loaded into the internal memory meet the set screen error threshold tau; and transferring different numbers of subblocks to the internal memory according to the distances between the viewpoint which is set in the center of the scene all the way and data blocks of the terrain and the height of the viewpoint, continuously updating the content of the scene according to the distance of deviation of the viewpoint from the center of the scene along with the movement of the viewpoint, and dynamically scheduling and releasing the data. The invention provides the wide-range terrain scheduling simplifying method based on the movement of the viewpoint, aiming at researching into the simplified scheduling and drawing of the simplified terrain scheduling under the condition of the movement of the viewpoint.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is landform dispatching technique in the terrain visualization emulation technology in a kind of virtual emulation field, simplify based on the scheduling of landform on a large scale of motion viewpoint, research be under the condition of viewpoint motion, the simplification of landform scheduling is drawn.
Background technology
Visual and the demonstration of dimensional topography on a large scale is one of the gordian technique in fields such as virtual reality, Geographic Information System (GIS), digital earth, recreation emulation, GIS.
On the one hand, people wish that result displayed can be to greatest extent rises and falls with actual landform and be consistent, and simultaneously, people require can reach the display effect of graphics workstation again under the limited processing power of computing machine.Although many researchers are obtaining a lot of achievements in research aspect the drafting of landform and the processing, real practical simplification and the rendering algorithm that is fit to landform on a large scale is also few.
The expression of megarelief scene adopts the graticule mesh form of polygon (generally being triangle) to construct usually in the computing machine.The scene drawing complexity becomes ratio with the number of visible object in general scene drawing, these class methods are to set up the hierarchical structure of scene at pretreatment stage, when drawing under given viewpoint, by from top to bottom, from closely traveling through scene tree, till all nodes of subtree that with certain node are root are invisible to mode far away.The institutional framework of scene is constant, as long as block tree by traversal, under the constant situation of viewpoint, obtains that the hiding relation between each object gets final product in the scene.But in the analogue simulation of reality, viewpoint often is not fixed, but is set to any viewpoint in the scene, scene is carried out displaying live view or dynamically change, as roaming system or flight simulation.Also accompany movement viewpoint of scene changes, for guaranteeing smooth demonstration.In the algorithm structure design, need to satisfy and take into account real-time and sense of reality display effect.
Be used to represent that the triangle number of landform is very huge on a large scale, many times can not once all data be called in internal memory, need between interior external memory, carry out the scheduling of data according to the conversion of scene.The data volume of the required processing of static method is huge as previously mentioned, employing is provided with threshold value in advance according to the viewpoint factor, the scope and the level of detail that whether exceed threshold value decision scheduling model during operation according to actual conditions, scene tissue and be plotted in pretreatment stage and finish, time of spatial organization's structure of setting up contextual data is much larger than the drafting time.And for huge grid, when viewpoint changed, serious vision kick sense can appear in scheduling different levels detail model, has influenced the effect of real-time demonstration, and was therefore improper to the dynamic scene of real-time change.
Viewpoint position when sight line moves, constantly has new part to come into view along with the object motion in the scene in the dynamic scene, the scene correspondence block tree also along with change, the scheduling of scene and the complexity of simplification increase.If dynamically generate and block tree, cost is very big, even may surpass the drafting time of whole scene.So be fit to the difficult point that the observability algorithm of dynamic scene needs is research.
The full details hierarchical model that does not produce landform is in advance drawn in landform scheduling based on the motion viewpoint, but according to the real time position of movable body in the scene, in drafting, generate the mid-module that has any degrees of detail between initial refined model and the rough model, algorithm is realized by some simple local geometric transformations, do not rely on for the landform scale, be fit to the large-scale terrain simplified models in the scenario simulation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the drafting of landform scene on a large scale, propose a kind ofly can select the terrain rendering scope and carry out the scheduling of the landform on a large scale short-cut method based on the motion viewpoint of Real-Time Scheduling according to the current viewpoint parameter.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Step 1 is carried out pre-service to data, sets up the stored logic model of landform in advance at external memory, and model is carried out landform piecemeal based on quaternary tree, sets up the rough division of multi-resolution models and decision scene level according to the geometric properties of landform;
Step 2 is that the change of viewpoint is written into internal memory with landform logic partitioning model according to the conversion of scene processing stage of in real time, and the data that are written into internal memory are carried out under the condition that satisfies setting screen error threshold τ;
Step 3, according to distance and viewpoint height between viewpoint and the terrain data piece, call in the sub-piece of varying number in internal memory, viewpoint is arranged on the center of scene all the time, along with viewpoint moves, departs from the distance size of scene center according to viewpoint and constantly upgrades scene content, dynamic scheduling and release data, in addition, when deblocking is stored, preserve its corresponding center point coordinate (x
c, y
c), so that when data are drawn the position of specified data piece.
The present invention can also comprise:
In above-mentioned steps 1, the pre-service of graphic data on a large scale to be mentioned the structure work of model outside the drafting process, original terrain data adopts regular grid GRID DEM, and it is divided into the capable k row of the identical m of size, each sub-piece called after C
IjI wherein, j is respectively the row and column at sub-piece place, the lower left corner is initial point, the sub-piece that does not meet the demands for landform range boundary size, additional data area adopts invalid value to fill, and simultaneously the base unit of contextual data piece logical partitioning as data dispatch, keeping the landform physical level according to the landform geometric properties in each terrain block is same resolution.
In above-mentioned steps 2, in the analogue simulation of landform, scene accompany movement viewpoint changes, and calls the logic index value of corresponding terrain block according to viewpoint projected position in the scene, draws scene in the corresponding what comes into a driver's body.
In above-mentioned steps 3, the scheduling of data and release conditions when viewpoint moves, when terrain rendering, the monoblock landform is divided into n even sub-piece, l is each terrain block length of side, setting the viewpoint distance is R, the terrain block scope that the visual field can cover is (2 * (R/l+1)) * (2 * (R/l+1)), core resident data block number is h, h=2 * (R/l+2), dynamically call in the corresponding data file to internal memory according to viewpoint position, dynamically discharge invisible sub-piece and the new sub-piece of scheduling, remaining internal memory mesorelief data is h sub-piece.Fig. 3 is the landform scope that covers in the sight line drop shadow spread.
Correct for the relative position that guarantees an integral terrain of each sub-piece formation when drawing, the crack does not appear between piece and piece, and we have introduced global coordinate system and local coordinate system.The lower left corner with the monoblock landform is initial point, sets up global coordinate system, the x axle horizontal to the right, y axially on, z axle vertical screen is outside.Constitute right-handed coordinate system.Center with each sub-piece is that initial point constitutes local coordinate system simultaneously, and then the coordinate of the initial point of each local coordinate system in global coordinate system promptly is the relative displacement of this sub-piece.We set up the logic index to each sub-piece, like this, need only the corresponding coordinate system of reconstruct and just can guarantee the seamless spliced of all terrain block when drawing.Fig. 2 is that landform is drawn in expression in global coordinate system.
Determine for the observability that is fit to the dynamic scene needs, we take tentatively to look relevant reduce at pretreatment stage, in real time execution, constantly detect the zone of upgrading in the visual line of sight, the data that will drop in the viewing area, temporarily do not have in the internal memory simultaneously are read in the internal memory, the shared memory headroom of temporary transient no data is discharged, and Fig. 4 is the scheduling situation of piecemeal terrain data in internal memory.Wherein dark shaded areas is the landform scope of actual drafting, is core resident landform scope than light shaded areas.Handle like this is in order to guarantee viewpoint when moving, to be not ready for data even thread is drawn in management, the ground v notch v also can not occurring.Fig. 5 divides the block dispatching design flow diagram for landform.
The terrain modeling of traditional maintenance terrain feature keeps the continuity of grid model by complex data structures, summit hierarchical structure.Along with the development of Digital Measuring Technique, available data are more and more in recent years, and the complexity of drawing requires also more and more higher simultaneously.Scene is complicated more, and the effect of demonstration is just true to nature more.But scene is complicated more, and required drafting amount is big more, and the cost of drawing and storing is also high more.If the large scale scene data all are written into internal memory in advance, may cause run-time memory to exceed load, cause very large pressure to graphic hardware, thereby frame rate of display reduces, and does not reach real-time requirement.
The present invention adopts Multigen Creator to set up the megarelief zone, and dynamically arranging of the change of viewpoint and scene adopts the Real Time Drive software Vega of MultiGen company to realize under the VC6.0 environment.Simultaneously texture image is divided into a plurality of even or pieces of varying in size and carries out texture by the zone is corresponding with geometric data.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the landform zone is drawn in expression in global coordinate system;
Fig. 2 has represented that the projection view frustums covers the landform scope;
Fig. 3 is that algorithm software is drawn process flow diagram;
Fig. 4 is terrain data scheduling situation in internal memory;
Fig. 5 is landform piecemeal scheduling flow figure;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail:
Example one
In the simplification of landform, viewpoint and direction of visual lines have determined the scene viewing area.In the viewpoint moving process, establishing the terrain block that is currently located at the viewpoint center is that (i, j), its centre coordinate is (x
i, x
j), obtained corresponding data block array M (its size is m * m), the terrain block scope of its covering be (i-l, j-l)～(i+1, j+1), l=m/2 wherein.
When | x-x
i| during＜m/2, show sight line still in this terrain block, M can cover visual field landform in one's power fully, need not carry out data dispatch.
When | x-x
i| during＞m/2, show that body has moved to that (i+1 is j) in the terrain block.Though M this moment also can provide and draw required integral terrain data, the M that must upgrade in time is for later drafting is prepared.According to current body position, can declare know terrain block scope that M covers for (i+1-l, j-l)～(i+1+l, j+l).Contrast original data block array, thereby determine to read in (i+1+l, j-l)～(i+1+l, data j+l), release (i-l, j-l)～(i-l, j+l) internal memory of data block.Need read in the data of figure～middle left field, discharge the data of graticule mesh fill area, right side simultaneously.With the x direction is that example moves, originally the projection centre place (i, j) terrain block, mobile backsight point be (i+1, j).
Work as x-x
iDuring＜-m/2, the terrain block scope that M covers be (i-1-l, j-l)～(i-1+l, j+l), need read in (i-1-l, j-l)～(i-1-l, data j+l), release (i+l, j-l)～(i+l, j+l) internal memory of data block.Work as x-x
iDuring＜-m/2, need read in the data in zone shown in the right side, discharge the data of graticule mesh fill area, left side simultaneously.
Example two
In order to improve real-time, original mesh is adopted block-based detail LOD terrain rendering to the zones of different of landform, owing to consider triangulation network data structure complexity, the level of detail algorithm is realized difficulty, and it is corresponding with the sub-piece of regular landform therefore to set up multiresolution logic level.Terrain data is taked the average mark segmentation method, and each data block is (2
m+ 1) * (2
m+ 1) square structure, the m value is determined by hardware performance.Realize the overall simplification of landform on a large scale based on quaternary tree terrain data piece, determine level of detail according to distance viewpoint distance and direction of visual lines in the piece.Can support the polygonal region of arbitrary shape by cutting and additional a small amount of data boundary.According to the viewpoint displacement pending deblocking is dynamically called in internal memory, improved the real-time rendering performance, can satisfy the needs of user's real-time, interactive.
Example three
The regular grid sampling can not decide sampled point quantity according to landform, the situation that will occur data redundancy like this, therefore in terrain block, adopt TIN to carry out piece interpolate value and trigonometric ratio, compare with regular grid, the great advantage of TIN can accurately be reproduced landform in sampled data under the intensive and rational prerequisite that distributes, and avoids the flat country data redundancy.The Delaunay triangulation network is doing well aspect the landform match, therefore on piecemeal landform basis, use Delaunay rule reconstruct TIN model, the Delaunay algorithm allows the user to control polygonal quantity, realize maximum landform precision by generating more polygon and generate less polygonal method in mild zone in rugged landform zone, the regular data that utilization obtains is further handled, graticule mesh is divided into triangle, selection wherein some important point directly generates triangle, sets up the TIN model.Methods of Terrain Simplification has improved running efficiency of system in real time, fast.
Claims (5)
1. the landform on a large scale based on the motion viewpoint is dispatched short-cut method, it is characterized in that:
Step 1 is carried out pre-service to data, sets up the stored logic model of landform in advance at external memory, and model is carried out landform piecemeal based on quaternary tree, sets up the rough division of multi-resolution models and decision scene level according to the geometric properties of landform;
Step 2 is that the change of viewpoint is written into internal memory with landform logic partitioning model according to the conversion of scene processing stage of in real time, and the data that are written into internal memory are carried out under the condition that satisfies setting screen error threshold τ;
Step 3, according to distance and viewpoint height between viewpoint and the terrain data piece, call in the sub-piece of varying number in internal memory, viewpoint is arranged on the center of scene all the time, along with viewpoint moves, departs from the distance size of scene center according to viewpoint and constantly upgrades scene content, dynamic scheduling and release data, in addition, when deblocking is stored, preserve its corresponding center point coordinate (x
c, y
c), so that when data are drawn the position of specified data piece.
2. the scheduling of the landform on a large scale short-cut method based on the motion viewpoint according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step 1, the pre-service of graphic data is on a large scale mentioned the structure work of model outside the drafting process, original terrain data adopts regular grid GRID DEM, it is divided into the capable k row of the identical m of size, each sub-piece called after C
IjI wherein, j is respectively the row and column at sub-piece place, the lower left corner is initial point, the sub-piece that does not meet the demands for landform range boundary size, additional data area adopts invalid value to fill, and simultaneously the base unit of contextual data piece logical partitioning as data dispatch, keeping the landform physical level according to the landform geometric properties in each terrain block is same resolution.
3. the scheduling of the landform on a large scale short-cut method based on the motion viewpoint according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: in the step 2, in the analogue simulation of landform, scene accompany movement viewpoint changes, call the logic index value of corresponding terrain block according to viewpoint projected position in the scene, draw scene in the corresponding what comes into a driver's body.
4. the scheduling of the landform on a large scale short-cut method based on the motion viewpoint according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: in the step 3, the scheduling of data and release conditions when viewpoint moves, when terrain rendering, the monoblock landform is divided into n even sub-piece, l is each terrain block length of side, setting the viewpoint distance is R, the terrain block scope that the visual field can cover is (2 * (R/l+1)) * (2 * (R/l+1)), core resident data block number is h, h=2 * (R/l+2), dynamically call in the corresponding data file to internal memory according to viewpoint position, dynamically discharge invisible sub-piece and the new sub-piece of scheduling, remaining internal memory mesorelief data is h sub-piece.Fig. 3 is the landform scope that covers in the sight line drop shadow spread.
5. the scheduling of the landform on a large scale short-cut method based on the motion viewpoint according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in the step 3, the scheduling of data and release conditions when viewpoint moves, when terrain rendering, the monoblock landform is divided into n even sub-piece, l is each terrain block length of side, setting the viewpoint distance is R, the terrain block scope that the visual field can cover is (2 * (R/l+1)) * (2 * (R/l+1)), core resident data block number is h, h=2 * (R/l+2), dynamically call in the corresponding data file to internal memory according to viewpoint position, dynamically discharge invisible sub-piece and the new sub-piece of scheduling, remaining internal memory mesorelief data is h sub-piece.
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Application publication date: 20110525 |