CN102705810A - Device for boiler flue gas waste heat utilization in thermal power unit - Google Patents
Device for boiler flue gas waste heat utilization in thermal power unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN102705810A CN102705810A CN2012102039990A CN201210203999A CN102705810A CN 102705810 A CN102705810 A CN 102705810A CN 2012102039990 A CN2012102039990 A CN 2012102039990A CN 201210203999 A CN201210203999 A CN 201210203999A CN 102705810 A CN102705810 A CN 102705810A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for boiler flue gas waste heat utilization in a thermal power unit, which can improve the utilization rate of flue gas waste heat. The device comprises a coal economizer, an air preheater, a flue gas water heater, a flue gas heat exchanger and an air heat exchanger, wherein the coal economizer is installed at an outlet of a boiler; flue gas exhausted from the coal economizer is divided into a first part of flue gas and a second part of flue gas; the first part of flue gas and the second part of flue gas enter the flue gas heat exchanger after flowing through the air preheater and the flue gas water heater; the flue gas heat exchanger adsorbs heat through heat conduction oil and transmits the heat to the air heat exchanger; and the air outlet end of the air heat exchanger is connected with the air inlet end of the air preheater. The device has the beneficial effects that the flue gas exhausted from the coal economizer is divided into the two parts, the two parts of flue gas respectively heat air and water, and then the surplus heat of the two parts of flue gas is adsorbed through the heat conduction oil and is transferred to air so as to improve the utilization rate of the flue gas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the thermal cycle field of mechanical technique, particularly relate to the device that a kind of thermal power unit boiler fume afterheat utilizes.
Background technology
Along with the development of energy-conserving and environment-protective product, the thermal efficiency of maximum discharge industries such as boiler improves also intensification gradually.In boiler heat loss, the proportion that power plant's heat loss due to exhaust gas accounts for is very big.Research shows that the every reduction by 10 of exhaust gas temperature is spent to 15 degree, and the thermal efficiency of boiler just can improve 1%.
At present; Though existing fume afterheat has obtained some utilizations; But still have the very big space that utilizes: along with the flue gas desulfurization and denitrification continuous advancement in technology, flue gas acid dew point has dropped to about 90 ℃, and the exhaust gas temperature operated by rotary motion of large-scale unit is at 120 ~ 140 ℃; That is to say that also there is very big decline space in exhaust gas temperature.Simultaneously; Overcritical and the exhaust gas temperature ultra supercritical unit boiler generally is higher than its design temperature, like this, is higher than the acid dew point of flue gas far away from the flue-gas temperature of economizer exit entering air preheater; This part heat that has more is not fully utilized, and has increased the heat loss of smoke evacuation.
Cause the higher reason of exhaust gas temperature a lot; Possibly be because there are deviation in Actual combustion ature of coal and predetermined burning coal; Add the pickup capabilities of tube wall not enough; The soot blower of back-end surfaces is arranged unreasonable or is acted on not obviously, causes the heating surface of economizer and/or air preheater less than normal, also just can not well bring into play the effect of fume afterheat utilization.
According to present main flow viewpoint, can solve the problems referred to above through following two approach:
The first, the heat transfer area of increase air preheater.The flow area of flue gas in air preheater increases, and flue gas and air reverse flow just can be carried out heat exchange fully when air preheater, effectively improves the not enough problem of fume afterheat heat release.Yet; The heat transfer area of air preheater be not to be the bigger the better: along with the reduction of exhaust gas temperature; The temperature difference of air and flue gas constantly reduces; Air preheater utilizes effect more and more not obvious to fume afterheat, and is a lot of even the heat transfer area of air preheater increases, and flue-gas temperature reduces amplitude can great changes have taken place yet; When economizer bank wall temperature lower when exhaust gas temperature, air preheater is lower than flue gas acid dew point, can produce cold end corrosion, reduce the service life of air preheater, and every separated one or two years or even half a year will be changed; Before this thinking of heat transfer area of continuation optimization air preheater obviously will cause fume afterheat utilization ratio secular stagnation not.
The second, suitably increase the heating surface of economizer.Adopt the low-pressure coal saver of big heating surface can improve feed temperature to a certain extent, strengthen the fume afterheat utilization; But because the flue gas quality that participation is conducted heat is not high, the heat-transfer effect of this method is limited.
Therefore, according to existing main flow thinking, the efficient of fume afterheat utilization has been difficult to than quantum jump; Wanting to improve the fume afterheat utilization ratio must look for another way.How effectively to improve the fume afterheat utilization ratio, be the present technical issues that need to address of those skilled in the art.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the device that a kind of thermal power unit boiler fume afterheat utilizes, this device can significantly improve the efficient that fume afterheat utilizes.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above; The device that the present invention provides a kind of thermal power unit boiler fume afterheat to utilize; Comprise economizer, air preheater, flue gas feed-water heater, flue gas heat exchange device and air heat exchanger; Said economizer is installed in the exit of boiler; The flue gas of discharging from said economizer is divided into first's flue gas and second portion flue gas; Said first flue gas and second portion flue gas are flowed through respectively and are got into said flue gas heat exchange device behind said air preheater and the flue gas feed-water heater, and said flue gas heat exchange device absorbs heat and it is passed to said air heat exchanger through conduction oil, and the air outlet slit end of said air heat exchanger links to each other with the air intlet end of said air preheater.
Preferably; Said flue gas feed-water heater comprises interconnective flue gas high-pressure feed-water heater and flue gas low-pressure feed heater; The gas approach end of said flue gas high-pressure feed-water heater links to each other with said economizer, and the smoke outlet of said flue gas low-pressure feed heater links to each other with the gas approach end of said flue gas heat exchange device.
Preferably, also be provided with the circulating pump that circulation power is provided for said conduction oil between said flue gas heat exchange device and the air heat exchanger.
Preferably, said economizer further is connected with and is used to control what controller of said first flue gas and second portion flue gas.
Preferably; Said controller has comparator; Said comparator is used for relatively sending into the actual temperature and the predetermined temperature of the air of boiler, if be higher than predetermined temperature, and the amount of then said controller control reducing said first flue gas; If be lower than predetermined temperature, then said controller control increases the amount of said first flue gas.
Preferably, said second portion flue gas accounts for 5% ~ 20% of whole flue gases.
The flue gas that produces in the boiler is discharged through economizer; Be divided into first's flue gas and second portion flue gas then; First's flue gas carries out last preheating through air preheater to the air of sending into boiler, and the second portion flue gas heats the feedwater of steam turbine through the flue gas feed-water heater.Through above-mentioned processing; Most of heat that first's flue gas and second portion flue gas include all is recovered and has utilized; Remaining few part heat is absorbed by the conduction oil that flows in the flue gas heat exchange device, and conduction oil flow to air heat exchanger and the heat that absorbs is discharged then, and air heat exchanger utilizes this part heat that the air of sending into boiler is carried out preliminary preheating; The air of preliminary preheating carries out last preheating through air preheater, gets into the boiler internal combustion then.Through after the above multiple processing, the heat of flue gas has obtained sufficient recovery, and flue gas waste heat recovery efficient significantly improves, the not enough problem of flue gas thermal discharge that the flue gas shunting of its entrance point causes when also having solved simple employing air preheater simultaneously; Secondly; The second portion flue gas heats feedwater fully; Feedwater after the heating is returned steam turbine again and is carried out follow-up processing, thereby has shared the burden that adopts the bleeder steam heated feed water, meets the principle that the energy ladder utilizes; Required the bleeding of steam turbine, energy-conserving and environment-protective have more also just been saved to a great extent; In addition, flue gas heat exchange device and air heat exchanger relatively simple for structure, both heating surfaces are all adjusted than being easier to, and can adjust as required, and then avoid the etching problem of heat exchanger.
A kind of preferred embodiment in; Said economizer further is connected with and is used to control what controller of first's flue gas and second portion flue gas; Said controller has comparator; Comparator is used for relatively sending into the actual temperature and the predetermined temperature of the air of boiler; Be higher than predetermined temperature if send into the actual temperature of the air of boiler, then controller control reduces the amount of first's flue gas, otherwise then increases the amount of first's flue gas; According to what of adjustment two parts flue gas of the height real-time of the air themperature of sending into boiler, and then the actual temperature that reaches the air of sending into boiler meets combustion requirements (promptly equating with predetermined temperature perhaps to remain in the fluctuating range of permission).
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of device in a kind of specific embodiment that thermal power unit boiler fume afterheat provided by the present invention utilizes.
The specific embodiment
Core of the present invention provides the device that a kind of thermal power unit boiler fume afterheat utilizes, and this device is the recovery utilization rate of fume afterheat significantly.
In order to make those skilled in the art person understand the present invention program better, the present invention is done further detailed description below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing and the specific embodiment.
Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the structural representation of device in a kind of specific embodiment that thermal power unit boiler fume afterheat provided by the present invention utilizes.
In Fig. 1, solid line is represented water, and dotted line is represented steam, and flue gas is represented in the single-point line, and air is represented in double dot dash line.
The device that the present invention also provides a kind of thermal power unit boiler fume afterheat to utilize; Comprise air preheater 2, economizer 1, air heat exchanger 3, flue gas heat exchange device 5 and flue gas feed-water heater; Economizer 1 connects the exit that is arranged on boiler; The air intlet end of air preheater 2 links to each other with economizer 1 with the air outlet slit end of air heat exchanger 3 respectively with the air outlet slit end; The gas approach end of air preheater 2 and flue gas feed-water heater all links to each other with the smoke outlet of economizer 1, and both smoke outlets all are connected with the gas approach end of flue gas heat exchange device 5.Therefore; The flue gas of discharging from the smoke outlet of economizer 1 is split into first's flue gas and second portion flue gas; First's flue gas and second portion flue gas flow through respectively air preheater 2 and flue gas feed-water heater, two parts flue gas gets into flue gas heat exchange device 5 then, and flue gas heat exchange device 5 utilizes conduction oil that the after-heat of two parts flue gas is absorbed and stores; When conduction oil flow to air heat exchanger 3; Conduction oil and air carry out exchange heat, air is carried out preliminary preheating, and the air outlet slit end of air heat exchanger 3 link to each other with the air intlet end of air preheater 2; Air after the preliminary preheating carries out last preheating through air preheater 2 again, when air satisfies requiring of boiler, directly gets into boiler and uses; First's flue gas after the processing and second portion flue gas are unified discharges to the outside through flue gas heat exchange device 5.
Above-mentioned flue gas feed-water heater can comprise interconnective flue gas high-pressure feed-water heater 4 and flue gas low-pressure feed heater 8; The heat that flue gas high-pressure feed-water heater 4 and flue gas low-pressure feed heater 8 utilize flue gas respectively heats the high-pressure feed water and the low pressure feed water of steam turbine; The gas approach end of flue gas high-pressure feed-water heater 4 links to each other with the smoke outlet of economizer 1, and the smoke outlet of flue gas low-pressure feed heater 8 links to each other with the gas approach end of flue gas heat exchange device 5.
When the pressure-drop in pipeline between steam turbine and the flue gas feed-water heater is higher,, can between steam turbine and flue gas feed-water heater, water pump be set for realizing feedwater circulating between steam turbine and flue gas feed-water heater smoothly.A water pump (being sign among the figure) promptly is set on the pipeline between steam turbine and flue gas high-pressure feed-water heater 4, a water pump (indicating among the figure) is set on the pipeline of steam turbine and flue gas low-pressure feed heater 8.Certainly, if the pressure-drop in pipeline between steam turbine and the flue gas feed-water heater is smaller, feedwater can get into the flue gas feed-water heater under nature heats, and flows back to steam turbine then smoothly, then can omit above-mentioned two water pumps.
Wherein, can in pipeline, fully mix the formation mixed flue gas from first's flue gas of air preheater 2 outflows with from the flue gas that flue gas low-pressure feed heater 8 flows out, and then the unified flue gas heat exchange device 5 that gets into, help to improve the efficient of heat exchange like this.Certainly, first's flue gas after the processing and second portion flue gas also can flow into flue gas heat exchange device 5 respectively and carry out heat exchange.
In flue gas heat exchange device 5, flowing has conduction oil, and conduction oil absorbs and stores from the waste heat of mixed flue gas and with heat, and conduction oil flow to air heat exchanger 3 then, the heat that stores is discharged, thereby air is carried out preliminary preheating.
For realizing conduction oil flowing between flue gas heat exchange device 5 and air heat exchanger 3 smoothly, circulating pump 6 can be set.Conduction oil generally can be warmed up to 80-100 ℃ after in flue gas heat exchange device 5, absorbing heat; Conduction oil after the intensification boosts through circulating pump 6 and gets into air heat exchanger 3; Temperature can reduce after conduction oil is accomplished the heat conversion; Conduction oil after the cooling circulates once more and gets into flue gas heat exchange device 5 absorption heats, so realizes the absorption and the transmission of heat repeatedly.
The air intlet end of air heat exchanger 3 links to each other with pressure fan; Pressure fan is sent the air under the normal temperature into air heat exchanger 3; Air will absorb the heat of conduction oil; Generally speaking, air can tentatively be preheating to 40-70 ℃, and the air of accomplishing preliminary preheating gets into air preheater 2 again and carries out last preheating.Because the heat of the conduction oil in the air heat exchanger 3 is absorbed, the temperature of conduction oil generally can drop to 60-80 ℃, and cooled conduction oil turns back to and continues to absorb heat in the flue gas heat exchange device 5, gets into the next round thermal cycle.Temperature through the mixed flue gas after 5 processing of flue gas heat exchange device generally can drop to 90-120 ℃, and the flue gas of this moment can directly get into chimney through flue and discharge.
If the air themperature of the air outlet slit end of air preheater 2 is lower than the requirement (be the predetermined temperature of air) of boiler to air themperature; Then strengthen the fluid flow of circulating pump 6; Accelerate the heat transfer rate of conduction oil, let air is continual to carry out heat exchange with conduction oil high temperature, thereby improve the temperature after the preliminary preheating of air; Then the air of preliminary preheating is sent into air preheater 2 and heat at last, to satisfy the requirement of boiler air themperature; Otherwise, then reducing the fluid flow of circulating pump 6, the speed of slow down conduction oil and air heat exchange reduces the flow and the flow velocity of conduction oil, reduces the temperature after the preliminary preheating of air.
For realizing conduction oil flowing between flue gas heat exchange device 5 and air heat exchanger 3 smoothly, circulating pump 6 can be set.Conduction oil generally can be warmed up to 80-100 ℃ after in flue gas heat exchange device 5, absorbing heat; Conduction oil after the intensification boosts through circulating pump 6 and gets into air heat exchanger 3; Temperature can reduce after conduction oil is accomplished the heat conversion; Conduction oil after the cooling circulates once more and gets into flue gas heat exchange device 5 absorption heats, so realizes the absorption and the transmission of heat repeatedly.
The air intlet end of air heat exchanger 3 links to each other with pressure fan, and pressure fan is sent the air under the normal temperature into air heat exchanger 3, and air will absorb the heat of conduction oil.Generally speaking, air can tentatively be preheating to 40-70 ℃, and the air of accomplishing preliminary preheating gets into air preheater 2 again and carries out last preheating.Because the heat of the conduction oil in the air heat exchanger 3 is absorbed, the temperature of conduction oil generally can drop to 60-80 ℃, and cooled conduction oil turns back to and continues to absorb heat in the flue gas heat exchange device 5, gets into the next round thermal cycle.Temperature through the mixed flue gas after 5 processing of flue gas heat exchange device generally can drop to 90-120 ℃, and the flue gas of this moment can directly get into chimney through flue and discharge.
If the air themperature of the air outlet slit end of air preheater 2 is lower than the requirement (be the predetermined temperature of air) of boiler to air themperature; Then strengthen the fluid flow of circulating pump 7; Accelerate the heat transfer rate of conduction oil, let air is continual to carry out heat exchange with conduction oil high temperature, thereby improve the temperature after the preliminary preheating of air; Then the air of preliminary preheating is sent into air preheater 2 and heat at last, to satisfy the requirement of boiler air themperature; Otherwise, then reducing the fluid flow of circulating pump 7, the speed of slow down conduction oil and air heat exchange reduces the flow and the flow velocity of conduction oil, reduces the temperature after the preliminary preheating of air.
Flue gas in the boiler is discharged through economizer 1, and flue gas is split into first's flue gas and second portion flue gas:
The second portion flue gas at first heats through the high-pressure feed water in 4 pairs of steam turbines of flue gas high-pressure feed-water heater; The low pressure feed water that gets into 8 pairs of steam turbines of flue gas low-pressure feed heater then heats; High-pressure feed water after the heating and low pressure feed water will get into the next stage high-pressure heater 9 of steam turbine respectively and proceed heating with low-pressure heater 7; But, high-pressure feed water and low pressure feed water take turns heating because having carried out one through the second portion flue gas; The burden of high-pressure heater 9 and low-pressure heater 7 has just reduced accordingly, and the waste heat of second portion flue gas has also obtained utilization.Because high-pressure heater 9 utilizes steam that feedwater is heated with low-pressure heater 7; Reducing of the load of high-pressure heater 9 and low-pressure heater 7; Make the amount of drawing gas of Steam Turbine Regenerative System reduce significantly; That part of the drawing gas of saving can be continued acting in steam turbine, also played the effect that improves unit efficiency to a certain extent.
First's flue gas flow direction air preheater 2; Air and the reverse circulation of flue gas are arranged in the air preheater 2 simultaneously; According to countercurrent heat-transfer; Air preheater 2 utilizes first's flue gas that the air of sending into boiler is carried out last preheating, generally with air preheat to 250-330 ℃, make air satisfy the burning needs and then send in the boiler 1; At this moment, the abundant release heat of first's flue gas in the air preheater 2, first's flue gas generally can drop to 120-140 ℃ after handling through air preheater 2, the higher and problem that can't make full use of of the cigarette temperature that has solved air preheater 2 gas approach ends.
First's flue gas flows out the back from air preheater 2 and flows into flue gas heat exchange device 5 with the second portion flue gas that from flue gas low-pressure feed heater 8, flows out with mixing; Flue gas heat exchange device 5 utilizes conduction oil that the after-heat of two parts flue gas is absorbed and storage, passes to air heat exchanger 3 then, and the air intlet end of air heat exchanger 3 links to each other with pressure fan; The air that conduction oil and pressure fan are sent into is reversely through flue gas heat exchange device 5; According to countercurrent heat-transfer, the air that conduction oil is sent into pressure fan carries out preliminary preheating (air sent into of pressure fan just will be sent into the air of boiler), generally speaking; Through preliminary preheating; Air can be preheating to 50-80 ℃ from atmospheric temperature, and the air after the preliminary preheating is sent into air preheater 2, and this air just air preheater 2 utilizes first's flue gas to carry out the air of last preheating.
Through said process, first's flue gas has passed through twice recycling, and the second portion flue gas is recycled through three times, and the overwhelming majority of flue gas heat all is recovered utilization, and the flue gas utilization rate is improved; Secondly, the air that boiler combustion needs has also passed through twice preheating, the too high problem of air preheater load when having avoided adopting a preheating; At last, the second portion flue gas that distributes has been saved the energy of steam turbine to a great extent, has played effect preferably.
Be the further amount of control first's flue gas and second portion flue gas, the controller that links to each other with economizer 1 can be set, controller be used to realize above-mentioned first flue gas and second portion flue gas how much.
Be to realize the control purpose of controller, controller generally has comparator, and this comparator is used for relatively sending into the actual temperature and the predetermined temperature of the air of boiler; Generally store the predetermined temperature that pre-set air burning need be satisfied in the controller; When air was sent into boiler, this air had an actual temperature, and comparator is with the actual temperature and the predetermined temperature contrast of air; If actual temperature is higher than predetermined temperature; Then controller control reduces the amount of first's flue gas, if be lower than predetermined temperature, then controller control increases the amount of first's flue gas; If just in time equal predetermined temperature or both temperature differences in allowed limits, then controller control is kept the amount of first's flue gas or is carried out a spot of adjustment.
Generally, first's flue gas accounts for 80%～95% of whole flue gases, and the second portion flue gas accounts for 5% ~ 20% of whole flue gases.Adopt aforementioned proportion that flue gas is shunted and help two-part flue gas and can both carry out heat exchange preferably, efficiency of utilization is higher.
More than the device of thermal power unit boiler fume afterheat provided by the present invention utilization has been carried out detailed introduction.Used concrete example among this paper principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand device of the present invention and core concept thereof.Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of claim of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the device that utilizes of a thermal power unit boiler fume afterheat; It is characterized in that; Comprise economizer, air preheater, flue gas feed-water heater, flue gas heat exchange device and air heat exchanger; Said economizer is installed in the exit of boiler; The flue gas of discharging from said economizer is divided into first's flue gas and second portion flue gas; Said first flue gas and second portion flue gas are flowed through respectively and are got into said flue gas heat exchange device behind said air preheater and the flue gas feed-water heater, and said flue gas heat exchange device absorbs heat and it is passed to said air heat exchanger through conduction oil, and the air outlet slit end of said air heat exchanger links to each other with the air intlet end of said air preheater.
2. device as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said flue gas feed-water heater comprises interconnective flue gas high-pressure feed-water heater and flue gas low-pressure feed heater; The gas approach end of said flue gas high-pressure feed-water heater links to each other with said economizer, and the smoke outlet of said flue gas low-pressure feed heater links to each other with the gas approach end of said flue gas heat exchange device.
3. device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also is provided with the circulating pump that circulation power is provided for said conduction oil between said flue gas heat exchange device and the air heat exchanger.
4. like each described device of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that said economizer further is connected with and is used to control what controller of said first flue gas and second portion flue gas.
5. device as claimed in claim 4; It is characterized in that said controller has comparator, said comparator is used for relatively sending into the actual temperature and the predetermined temperature of the air of boiler; If be higher than predetermined temperature; Then said controller control reduces the amount of said first flue gas, if be lower than predetermined temperature, then said controller control increases the amount of said first flue gas.
6. like each described device of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that said second portion flue gas accounts for 5% ~ 20% of whole flue gases.
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| CN103438427A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2013-12-11 | 天津诺能达能源科技有限公司 | Gas-fired boiler afterheat recovering system and recovering method |
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| CN103196130A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-07-10 | 东南大学 | Method and device for gradient utilization of heat of oxygen-enriched combustion unit |
| CN103438427A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2013-12-11 | 天津诺能达能源科技有限公司 | Gas-fired boiler afterheat recovering system and recovering method |
| CN103438427B (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-06-24 | 天津诺能达能源科技有限公司 | Gas-fired boiler afterheat recovering system and recovering method |
| CN103776026A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-05-07 | 东南大学 | Device and method for reducing high-temperature corrosion of power station boiler by use of waste heat of flue gas |
| CN103776026B (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2016-04-13 | 东南大学 | A kind of device and method utilizing fume afterheat to reduce high-temperature corrosion of power station boiler |
| CN103939932A (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-07-23 | 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 | Blast furnace gas boiler flue gas waste heat deep recycling system |
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| CN102705810B (en) | 2014-09-17 |
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