CN102699311A - Precesion casting method for high temperature alloy complex thin-walled castings - Google Patents
Precesion casting method for high temperature alloy complex thin-walled castings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a precision casting method for high temperature alloy complex thin-walled castings. The method comprises the following steps of: utilizing a medium frequency induction heating power supply to melt the alloy, utilizing a medium baffle to separate an upper tank and a lower tank, and utilizing an electric hoist to elevate the upper tank when a casting mold and a liquid rising tube are installed; after the installation is completed, utilizing a gas circuit control pipeline, a vacuum system and a gas tank to realize vacuum and pressure regulation in a pressure regulating furnace. By adopting the method disclosed by the invention, stable and efficient mold filling is realized, the castings is solidified sequentially, utilization efficiency of the material can be effectively improved, and the space for near-end net shape casting can be supplied; the complex, thin-walled and integral metal castings which are difficult to cast through other molding methods can be produced, so as to solve the filling problem in the pouring process of the complex thin-walled castings, and in particular, the filling capacity for the thin-walled castings with the wall thickness of less than 3mm is greatly improved. Accurate castings with high dimensional accuracy can be obtained through high temperature alloy pressure regulating investment precision casting, and the accuracy of the casting can reach between CT4 and CT6.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of casting method of high temperature alloy complex thin-wall foundry goods, and particularly a kind of new method of utilizing pressure regulation technology to carry out the high-temperature alloy thin-section casting precision-investment casting belongs to the casting speciality field.
Background technology
Continuous development along with precision casting technology; Huge variation has also taken place in the structure of the crucial hot-end component that use in space flight, aviation, electric power and nuclear energy field; Not only develop towards whole, thin-walled hollow direction; And just progressively develop to the structure-function integration direction of structural bearing and gas flow guiding, these all require member when having more high bearing capacity, must have higher dimensional accuracy, better dimensional stability, more excellent fatigue behaviour and service life.Undoubtedly, these new demands are had higher requirement to nickel base superalloy precision-investment casting system.External before last century half leaf vacuum melting, the precision casting technology of aero-engine that just begin one's study with nickel base superalloy; And obtained breakthrough in alloy designs and full form casting process technical elements, a series of high-performance high-temperature nickel-base alloy cast product snatch commercial application in the seventies and eighties in last century.Britain AE PLC has used a series of complex thin-wall precision castings on novel aerospace craft; The appearance and size of these precision castings is generally at 300～600mm; Minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) reaches 0.8～1.5mm; And can control crystallite dimension, be aided with hot isostatic pressing technique, improved the fatigue life of foundry goods significantly.U.S. Hitchiner company, PCC company and Howmet company are that U.S.'s GE engine has been cast a series of large thin-wall single-casting, and wherein minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) is far below domestic similar foundry goods.The Anon of model casting all over Britain Finance House Association points out that antigravity casting technology is used for the production of space flight and aviation foundry goods, can enhance productivity and reduce production costs, and be a technology that is worthy to be popularized.One tame space research mechanism of U.S. Iowa utilizes three kinds of different Hitchiner antigravity casting technologies also to carry out the research of the latticed In718 alloy-steel casting of complex thin-wall in carrying out the subject study that Nasa (NASA) subsidizes.The researcher has used Hitchiner antigravity casting technology, but in the specific implementation, owing to taked three groups of different casting technological parameters, has obtained three groups of very big foundry goods of integrality difference.Foundry goods is formed by nearly thousand latticed cell cube longitude and latitude braidings; The casting dimension that obtains shows that the diameter range of forming the high temperature alloy filament of these single grids is 1.62mm-1.523mm, and mean value is 1.58mm; Standard deviation is merely 0.045mm; Very high casting accuracy is arranged, but at the disclosed report of NASA the inside, not mentioned any casting parameter and employed casting technique.
Therefore; Present Research from external high temperature alloy casting; Aspect the precision molding technology of large and complex structure spare and the equipment certain basis is being arranged, and forming a large amount of moulding process design databases, but all the time China is being carried out strict blockade on new techniques; The corresponding techniques data is public reported seldom, so autonomous innovation is the only way of China's development heavy castings precision casting technology.And, also in the aerospace flight vehicle lightweight, carry out big quantity research abroad along with the raising of aero-engine thrust-weight ratio, the number of complex thin-section casting is more extensive in the application meeting of aerospace field.
From domestic present Research, the adjustable pressure casting process of complex thin-wall foundry goods has remarkable advantages as a kind of antigravity casting technology that is used for almag complex thin-wall castings production aspect the moulding of solution thin-section casting.Therefore, along with the increase in demand of high-temperature alloy thin-section casting, it is very necessary exploring the application of this method in the high temperature alloy casting.
Through the literature search of prior art is found: application number is that 88106919.1 Chinese invention patent relates to a kind of pressure-adjusting casting method.This patent is mentioned: the important applied field of adjustable pressure casting is that national defense industry such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, navigation, electronics and weapons are medium-and-large-sized, complicated, the production of high-precision aluminium casting, and the hot investment casting to high temperature alloy does not propose process program.And in this patent, mode of heating is a resistance heated, and used casting mold is a gypsum mould.Mode of heating and casting mold material all can not adapt to the requirement of high temperature alloy precision-investment casting.
Application number is that 01209399.8 Chinese invention patent relates to a kind of vacuum and protective gas circulation compression casting device, and this installs based on magnesium alloy cast, has overcome the problems such as problem, slag inclusion and pore of oxidation.The Design of device thinking remains based on application number 88106919.1 patents and proposes, and mode of heating and structural design also can't satisfy the requirement of high temperature alloy precision-investment casting.
The patent No. is that 200820232358.7 utility model patent relates to a kind of quasi pressure adjusting casting machine, and it is lower that this patent is mentioned the adjustable pressure casting installation cost that is designed, and is applicable to aluminium alloy thin-walled casting.But the pressure control of this patent in filling type and solidifying can not reach desired pressure reduction in moment, fails to realize the instantaneous adjusting of pressure truly, therefore names the adjustable pressure casting that is as the criterion.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, a kind of high temperature alloy complex thin-wall foundry goods pressure-adjusting casting method is provided, to satisfy the requirement of high temperature alloy precision-investment casting.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: the present invention utilizes the intermediate frequency induction heating power supply melted alloy, adopts median septum to separate two tank bodies up and down in the pressure regulation stove; Casting mold and stalk are installed in the upper tank body, and stalk passes in the crucible of median septum entering lower tank; When installation casting mold and stalk, utilize upward jar of electric hoist lifting, install, utilize and two interior vacuum and pressure adjustings of gas circuit control piper, vacuum system and gas tank realization pressure regulation stove that tank body is connected up and down.
High temperature alloy complex thin-wall foundry goods pressure-adjusting casting method according to the invention, concrete steps are following:
(1), casting mold and stalk are preheated to 400 ℃ ~ 900 ℃ in external resistance furnace according to different formwork materials.
(2) casting mold and stalk are installed: utilize electric hoist to open jar on the pressure regulation stove; Simultaneously stalk being passed median septum puts well; On the oblique flange face of stalk, coat absorbent cotton then; Casting mold is placed on the stalk fixes, in the sand net, pour sand into, put foundary weight going up on the firm bonnet of casting mold jar;
(3) vacuumize: in the alloy melt during stalk is inserted following jar, immediately with locking between the jar up and down, simultaneously to jar and crucible vacuumize up and down;
(4) fill type: when vacuum reaches requirement, charge into argon gas in the jar downwards, prevent alloy oxidation, and make molten alloy under the effect of pressure reduction, be pressed into the casting mold die cavity along stalk;
(5) pressurize and supercharging are solidified: after filling type and accomplishing, keeping under the constant condition of jar vacuum up and down, pressure tank is up and down being regulated, i.e. applying argon gas.Make its pressure change malleation rapidly into, and, maintain the malleation value of setting according to arts demand from negative pressure;
(6) release: after casting solidification is accomplished, to crucible and vacuum (-tight) housing release, open loam cake immediately, casting mold and sand are poured out, and separate.After the cooling with the foundry goods demoulding.
Compare with art methods, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) high temperature alloy pressure regulation precision-investment casting utilizes that vacuum pre-treatment, negative pressure are filled type, pressure regulation is solidified; Means such as malleation feeding realize steadily efficiently filling type; Realize the foundry goods consecutive solidification, can effectively promote material use efficient, realize that nearly eventually clean shape casting provides the space.
(2) the adjustable pressure casting technology has adopted the negative pressure filling method and under the minimum differntial pressure principle, has realized the malleation feeding; Thereby reduced requirement to mould permeability and intensity; Can produce the complicacy, thin-walled, the bulk metal foundry goods that are difficult to pour into a mould with other forming methods, solve the filling problem in the complex thin-wall casting pouring.Particularly wall thickness there is very big lifting less than the stowage capacity of the thin-section casting of 3mm.
(3) surface quality of continuous castings of high temperature alloy pressure regulation precision-investment casting gained is good, and accomplishing dead head gas cutting polishing back foundry goods body surface does not need polishing basically.
(4) high temperature alloy pressure regulation precision-investment casting can obtain the high precision casting of dimensional accuracy, and casting accuracy can reach between the CT4-CT6.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is high temperature alloy adjustable pressure casting process time-pressure curve.
Fig. 2 is a high temperature alloy adjustable pressure casting device floor plan.
Fig. 3 is a high temperature alloy adjustable pressure casting furnace accretion composition.
Among the figure: intermediate frequency induction heating power supply 1, pressure regulation stove 2, electric hoist 3, gas circuit control piper 4, vacuum system 5, gas tank 6, casting mold 7, stalk 8, go up jars 9, median septum 10, sand net 11, foundary weight 12, following jar 13.
The specific embodiment
Elaborate in the face of embodiments of the invention down, present embodiment is that prerequisite is implemented with technical scheme of the present invention, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, the pressure-time changing curve in the adjustable pressure casting process utilizes intermediate frequency induction heating power supply 1 melted alloy in the present embodiment, and median septum separates two tank bodies up and down, when casting mold and stalk are installed, utilize electric hoist 3 to promote and goes up jar.Install, utilize gas circuit control piper 4, vacuum system 5 and gas tank 6 to realize vacuum and pressure adjusting in the pressure regulation stove.
Shown in Fig. 2-3, be high temperature alloy adjustable pressure casting device floor plan and high temperature alloy adjustable pressure casting furnace accretion composition.Wherein: electric hoist 3 places directly over the pressure regulation stove 2, and median septum 10 is separated the jar 9 of going up of pressure regulation stove 2 with following jar 13.Employing movable joint lead screw clamping between last jars 9, following jar 13 and the median septum 10.Last jar 9 is vault construction, is welded with the hanger that supplies handling to use on the vault, and is furnished with suspender.
Have (inflation) hole of bleeding on the vault construction sidepiece housing, the following jar 13 interior Medium frequency induction coil of installing placed the alumina crucible that melted alloy is used in this coil, and this coil is connected with intermediate frequency induction heating power supply 1 through lower tank 13.Casting molds 7 and stalks 8 are installed in last jars 9, and stalk 8 passes in the alumina crucible that median septum 10 gets into following jar 13.Casting mold 7 with on a sand net 11 is installed in the middle of jars 9 the inner casing.Casting mold 7 upper ends are laid foundary weight 12 and are used for pressing solidly casting mold.Last jar 9 and following jar 10 has passage, and in following jar 13, temperature thermocouple is housed.Pressure regulation stove 2 disposed outside have vacuum system 5 (2XZ-15 vavuum pump, valve, pipeline, filter, vacuum tank, compositions such as ball valve) and gas circuit control piper 4.Gas circuit control piper 4 realizes that by computer software control the pressure in the pressure regulation process changes.
The high temperature alloy complex thin-wall foundry goods casting method that adopts said apparatus to carry out, the concrete operations step is following:
(1), casting mold 7 and stalk 8 are preheated to 400 ℃ ~ 900 ℃ in external resistance furnace according to different formwork materials.
(2) casting mold 7 and stalk 8 are installed: utilize electric hoist 3 to open jar 9 on the pressure regulation stove; Simultaneously stalk 8 being passed median septum 10 puts well; On the oblique flange face of stalk, coat absorbent cotton then; Casting mold 7 is placed on the stalk fixes, in sand net 11, pour sand into, put foundary weight 12 going up jars 9 on the firm bonnet of casting mold;
(3) vacuumize: in the alloy melt during stalk 8 is inserted following jar 13, immediately with locking between the jar up and down, simultaneously to jar and crucible vacuumize up and down;
(4) fill type: when vacuum reaches requirement, charge into argon gas in the jar 13 downwards, prevent alloy oxidation, and make molten alloy under the effect of pressure reduction, be pressed into the casting mold die cavity along stalk 8;
(5) pressurize and supercharging are solidified: after filling type and accomplishing, keeping under the constant condition of jar vacuum up and down, pressure tank is up and down being regulated, i.e. applying argon gas.Make its pressure change malleation rapidly into, and, maintain the malleation value of setting according to arts demand from negative pressure;
(6) release: after casting solidification is accomplished, to crucible and vacuum (-tight) housing release, open loam cake immediately, casting mold and sand are poured out, and separate.After the cooling with the foundry goods demoulding.
Under the prerequisite of above-mentioned steps, embodiment is provided 1-4, concrete technological parameter and the implementation result of each embodiment are following:
Utilize high temperature alloy complex thin-wall foundry goods casting method, the stalk diameter is 40mm, and the liquid level area of liquid metal is 70000mm in the crucible
2, last pressure tank is 1.0MPa, and following pressure tank is 1.5MPa, and pressure reduction is 0.5MPa, and the liquid metal rate of climb is 100mm/s, and the thin-walled area that utilizes the pressure regulation fine casting method to obtain foundry goods is 3.0mm for 200mm * 200mm, minimum wall thickness (MINI W.), and the foundry goods internal soundness is better.
Utilize high temperature alloy complex thin-wall foundry goods casting method, the stalk diameter is 35mm, and the liquid level area of liquid metal is 70000mm in the crucible
2, last pressure tank is 0.8MPa, and following pressure tank is 1.5MPa, and pressure reduction is 0.7MPa, and the liquid metal rate of climb is 120mm/s, and the thin-walled area that utilizes the pressure regulation fine casting method to obtain foundry goods is 2.6mm for 300mm * 300mm, minimum wall thickness (MINI W.), and the foundry goods internal soundness is better.
Utilize high temperature alloy complex thin-wall foundry goods casting method, the stalk diameter is 30mm, and the liquid level area of liquid metal is 70000mm in the crucible
2, last pressure tank is 0.6MPa, and following pressure tank is 1.5MPa, and pressure reduction is 0.9MPa, and the liquid metal rate of climb is 135mm/s, and the thin-walled area that utilizes the pressure regulation fine casting method to obtain foundry goods is 2.2mm for 400mm * 400mm, minimum wall thickness (MINI W.), and the foundry goods internal soundness is better.
Embodiment 4
Utilize high temperature alloy complex thin-wall foundry goods casting method, the stalk diameter is 25mm, and the liquid level area of liquid metal is 70000mm in the crucible
2, last pressure tank is 0.5MPa, and following pressure tank is 1.5MPa, and pressure reduction is 1.0MPa, and the liquid metal rate of climb is 140mm/s, and the thin-walled area that utilizes the pressure regulation fine casting method to obtain foundry goods is 1.8mm for 450mm * 450mm, minimum wall thickness (MINI W.), and the foundry goods internal soundness is better.
Although content of the present invention has been done detailed introduction through above-mentioned preferred embodiment, will be appreciated that above-mentioned description should not be considered to limitation of the present invention.After those skilled in the art have read foregoing, for multiple modification of the present invention with to substitute all will be conspicuous.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be limited appended claim.
Claims (6)
1. a high temperature alloy complex thin-wall foundry goods casting method is characterized in that: utilize the intermediate frequency induction heating power supply melted alloy, adopt median septum to separate two tank bodies up and down in the pressure regulation stove; Casting mold and stalk are installed in the upper tank body, and stalk passes in the crucible of median septum entering lower tank; When installation casting mold and stalk, utilize upward jar of electric hoist lifting, install, utilize and two interior vacuum and pressure adjustings of gas circuit control piper, vacuum system and gas tank realization pressure regulation stove that tank body is connected up and down.
2. high temperature alloy complex thin-wall foundry goods casting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said method concrete steps are following:
(1), casting mold and stalk are preheated to 400 ℃ ~ 900 ℃ in external resistance furnace according to different formwork materials;
(2) casting mold and stalk are installed: utilize electric hoist to open jar on the pressure regulation stove; Simultaneously stalk being passed median septum puts well; On the oblique flange face of stalk, coat absorbent cotton then, casting mold is placed on the stalk fixes installation one sand net in the middle of the inner casing of casting mold and upper tank body; In the sand net, pour sand into, put foundary weight going up jar on the firm bonnet of casting mold;
(3) vacuumize: in the alloy melt during stalk is inserted following jar, immediately with locking between the jar up and down, simultaneously to jar and crucible vacuumize up and down;
(4) fill type: when vacuum reaches requirement, charge into argon gas in the jar downwards, prevent alloy oxidation, and make molten alloy under the effect of pressure reduction, be pressed into the casting mold die cavity along stalk;
(5) pressurize and supercharging are solidified: after filling type and accomplishing, keeping under the constant condition of jar vacuum up and down, pressure tank is up and down regulated, making pressure change malleation rapidly into from negative pressure, and according to arts demand, maintain the malleation value of setting;
(6) release: after casting solidification is accomplished, to crucible and vacuum (-tight) housing release, open loam cake immediately, casting mold and sand are poured out, and separate; After the cooling with the foundry goods demoulding.
3. high temperature alloy complex thin-wall foundry goods casting method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: said pressure tank is up and down regulated, realized through applying argon gas.
4. high temperature alloy complex thin-wall foundry goods casting method according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: said pressure regulation stove is provided with passage; This passage is connected to pressure regulation stove outside vacuum system and pressure regulation air-path control system; The pressure regulation air-path control system realizes that by computer software control the pressure in the pressure regulation process changes.
5. high temperature alloy complex thin-wall foundry goods casting method according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: said upper tank body is a vault construction; Be welded with the hanger that supplies handling to use on the vault, and be furnished with suspender, have one on the upper tank body sidepiece housing and bleed or air-filled pore.
6. high temperature alloy complex thin-wall foundry goods casting method according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: the Medium frequency induction coil is installed in the said lower tank; Place the alumina crucible that melted alloy is used in the Medium frequency induction coil, the Medium frequency induction coil is connected with intermediate frequency induction heating power supply through lower tank.
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