CN107900311A - Thin-walled nacelle monolithic molding mould and its manufacturing process - Google Patents

Thin-walled nacelle monolithic molding mould and its manufacturing process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107900311A
CN107900311A CN201711105354.2A CN201711105354A CN107900311A CN 107900311 A CN107900311 A CN 107900311A CN 201711105354 A CN201711105354 A CN 201711105354A CN 107900311 A CN107900311 A CN 107900311A
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China
Prior art keywords
casting
core
nacelle
mould
casting mold
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CN201711105354.2A
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CN107900311B (en
Inventor
史勇
尹家新
苏鹏
王德清
陈水如
来光祖
周怡
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Hubei Sanjiang Aerospace Wanfeng Technology Development Co Ltd
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Hubei Sanjiang Aerospace Wanfeng Technology Development Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/06—Vacuum casting, i.e. making use of vacuum to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/08—Controlling, supervising, e.g. for safety reasons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of thin-walled nacelle monolithic molding mould and its manufacturing process, the mould includes casting mold main body, cover board and the babinet of bottom of cylinder, the casting mold main body includes the casting mold internal model of casting mold external mold and inner hollow, ring-like vertical tube is provided with the inner wall of the casting mold external mold, core pipe is provided with the casting mold internal model axis line inside.This method is by weighing raw material, melting and casting raw material, mould assembling, vacuum pressure regulation cast, casting cleaning, spray heat treatment, oscillating aging, mechanical processing obtain aluminium alloy thin-walled nacelle.The present invention cannot be only used for the manufacture of thin-wall high intensity aluminium alloy guided missile nacelle, it can also be used to which the monolithic molding of other complex thin-wall aluminium alloy castingses, has application and development prospect well.

Description

Thin-walled nacelle monolithic molding mould and its manufacturing process
Technical field
The present invention relates to non-ferrous metal precision form field, in particular to a kind of thin-walled nacelle monolithic molding mould and its Manufacturing process, this method are the preparation technique and thin-walled parts integral precision casting manufacturing process of high-strength aluminum alloy material.
Background technology
Bay section housing is the main load-bearing part in guided missile structure, subjects larger external applied load, it is desirable to strong with higher ratio Spend (strength/density) and specific stiffness (rigidity/density).Therefore, the material of nacelle generally selects high-strength deformation aluminium alloy or forging Make aluminium alloy.At present, domestic guided missile nacelle is all the process that is combined using riveting, weldering, forging to produce.Nacelle connecting pin Frame, using digital control processing after wrought aluminium die forging；Nacelle covering, cylindrical shape is welded into after being bent using wrought aluminium alloy spinning, then It is welded into a whole with end frame；Nacelle inner cavity longitudinally, laterally all kinds of installation bases of reinforcing rib and inner cavity, using stainless steel plate After cold-press moulding or wrought aluminium alloy processing, then with covering riveting into complete nacelle.Guided missile nacelle is manufactured using this method, is needed Substantial amounts of frock clamp is wanted, complex process is cumbersome, and production efficiency is relatively low, manufacturing cycle length, and production cost is high.
In the developed country such as the leading U.S. of the field technology such as Aeronautics and Astronautics and navigation and Russia, to guided missile thin-walled cabin This workpiece complex-shaped, difficulty of processing is big of body, to reduce machining amount, reducing cost, mitigation construction weight, increase Dischargeable capacity, employs hot investment casting shaping, can cast out surface and internal soundness and dimensional accuracy and reach high-caliber Premium casting, some blanks are even accurate can be directly into the degree of people's assembling to Near net shape.
According to related data introduction, the manufacture of Foreign Missile nacelle largely employs high-strength aluminum alloy monoblock cast Technology, such as the air-to-ground guided missile AGM-86B air launched cruise missiles that Boeing is United States Air Force development, the long 6.36m of bullet, bullet Footpath 693mm, in addition to aileron surface titanium alloy, body remainder is cast with aluminium alloy, and 4 bay sections are all using high intensity Aluminium alloy monoblock cast shapes, and manufacture cost reduces more than 30%.The continental rise of health Travis company of Switzerland production is round-the-clock Intermediate range, high and medium surface-to-air ballistic missile, the long 420mm of bullet, missile shell nacelle also use high-strength aluminum alloy monoblock cast into Shape.Guided missile nacelle aluminum alloy materials are strong with uniform cast sturcture and superfine crystal grain and good processing performance, its tension Degree reaches 400MPa, and yield strength reaches 300MPa, and elongation is up to 8%.
It is domestic at present to only have a small number of units to employ aluminium silicon cast aluminium alloy gold or the small-sized low horse of high purity alumina-magnesia alloy Foundry Production The cruise missile nacelle of He Feihang, can not realize the monolithic molding of the medium-and-large-sized thin-walled guided missile nacelle of high Mach flight, mainly ask Topic is embodied in following several respects：
1) nacelle material is aluminium silicon systems or high purity alumina-magnesia casting alloy, and the mechanical property of material is low, and the maximum tensile strength only has 300MPa, intensity index are relatively low.
2) the casting minimum wall thickness (MINI W.) that at present, can accomplish is not less than 6mm, can not realize the monolithic molding of thin-walled nacelle, must It must use and increase casting section thickness to ensure the shaping of casting.
3) thick-walled casting cooling velocity is low, causes coarse grains, reduces cast properties, and nacelle sample tensile strength is only There is 200MPa or so, can not meet the performance requirement of thin-walled nacelle.
The application study of domestic high-strength aluminum alloy foundry engieering is started late relative to developed countries such as America and Europes, previous generation Discipline the eighties, Beijing Research Inst. of Aeronautic Material have developed aluminum bronze series high strength aluminium alloy ZL201A, its mechanical property reaches The mechanical property of conventional aluminum alloys forging, its intensity are close with the intensity of aluminum alloy of U.S.'s KO-1 trades mark.But ZL201A Casting character is poor, its application focuses mostly on small frame class formation part, and the medium-and-large-sized thin-walled in the flight of high Mach is led In the manufacture of internal weapon bays body, do not apply also.This is because guided missile nacelle is thin-walled workpiece, in its cast form, there are larger Problem, it is at present, domestic also without the technology for grasping aluminum bronze line aluminium alloy casting thin-walled bay section, it is mainly manifested in following several A aspect：
1) the aluminum bronze system alloy flowability, mold-filling capacity are poor, using technique sides such as common gravitational casting low pressure castings Method is difficult to ensure that casting forming integrality of the wall thickness for the ㎜ of 3 ㎜~5.
2) the aluminum bronze line aluminium alloy solid liquid phase solidification temperature range is wide, and casting character is poor, and casting is also easy to produce grain-boundary crack The defects of, the deviation of the mechanical property of casting is larger.
3) the aluminum bronze line aluminium alloy hot cracking tendency is serious, thin-walled workpiece generally existing crack defect.
The content of the invention
The present invention is in view of the defects existing in the prior art, there is provided a kind of thin-walled nacelle monolithic molding mould and its shaping Method, this method change the alloy contents such as copper, manganese, titanium, increase trace rare-earth closes by varying the proportion of composing of alloying element Gold element, improves the problem of aluminum bronze system alloy flowability is poor, improves and stablize the casting character and mechanical property of aluminium copper Can, effectively prevent common loose, the thermal fragmentation defect of aluminum bronze system alloy-steel casting, realize thin-walled nacelle casting integral into Shape.
To achieve the above object, a kind of thin-walled nacelle monolithic molding mould provided by the invention, the mould include cylinder Casting mold main body, the cover board at top and the babinet of bottom of shape, the casting mold main body include casting mold external mold and the casting mold of inner hollow Internal model, is provided with ring-like vertical tube on the inner wall of the casting mold external mold, core is provided with the casting mold internal model axis line inside Pipe.
Further, the babinet includes the bottom plate on top and the under casing of lower part, is provided with the middle part of the bottom plate to recessed Sunken positioning seat, the core pipe top are inserted into cover board, its core pipe lower part is provided with core pipe positioning head, the core pipe positioning head For pyramidal structure, it is inserted into positioning seat and fixes, and the ingate being connected with vertical tube is further opened with the bottom plate.
Yet further, in the under casing including inner core headstock sand core and be arranged on outside core print seat sand core horizontal pour Road sand core, the core print seat sand core are in round table-like, and the thickness of the cross gate sand core inner wall gradually increases, the cross gate sand Core connects to form integral passage with casing bottom surface central opening, is cooperatively formed between the core print seat sand core and cross gate sand core Interface channel, the interface channel top are connected with ingate, and the interface channel lower part is connected with integral passage；Institute State and multiple hanging rings are provided with lid surface.
Present invention also offers a kind of integrally formed device of thin-walled nacelle, described device includes close under cooperating Sealed cans and upper hermetically sealed can, the lower hermetically sealed can top are provided with the casting platform for installation mold, are set in the lower hermetically sealed can Holding furnace is equipped with, crucible is provided with the holding furnace, the crucible center is inserted inserted with stalk, the stalk top Enter casting platform center and connected with mould, the mould includes the casting mold main body of cylinder, the cover board at top and bottom Babinet, the casting mold main body include the casting mold internal model of casting mold external mold and inner hollow, are provided with the inside of the casting mold internal model Ring-like vertical tube, is provided with core pipe in the casting mold internal model axis line inside, the casting platform is provided with snorkel, described Snorkel and lower snorkel have been arranged in parallel on snorkel.
Further, the babinet includes the bottom plate on top and the under casing of lower part, is provided with the middle part of the bottom plate to recessed Sunken positioning seat, the core pipe top are inserted into cover board, its core pipe lower part is provided with core pipe positioning head, the core pipe positioning head For pyramidal structure, it is inserted into positioning seat and fixes, and the ingate being connected with vertical tube, the lid are further opened with the bottom plate Multiple hanging rings are provided with plate surface.
Yet further, in the under casing including inner core headstock sand core and be arranged on outside core print seat sand core horizontal pour Road sand core, the core print seat sand core are in round table-like, and the thickness of the cross gate sand core inner wall gradually increases, and the cross gate Sand core connects to form integral passage with casing bottom surface central opening, coordinates shape between the core print seat sand core and cross gate sand core Into interface channel, the interface channel top is connected with ingate, and the interface channel lower part is connected with integral passage, The integral passage is connected with stalk.
Yet further, communicating valve, the upper ventilation are provided between the upper snorkel and lower snorkel on snorkel Vacuum pipe valve and upper hermetically sealed can communicating valve are additionally provided with pipe, lower pressure piping valve is additionally provided with the lower snorkel with Hermetically sealed can communicating valve, is additionally provided with branch pipe, described branch pipe one end is in upper vacuum pipe between the upper snorkel and lower snorkel Between valve and upper hermetically sealed can communicating valve, its other end is between lower pressure piping valve and lower hermetically sealed can communicating valve；The lower hermetically sealed can Fixed with upper hermetically sealed can junction surrounding by retaining ring, weight is provided with the casting mold cover board.
Thin-walled nacelle integral forming method is carried out using above device present invention also offers a kind of, is comprised the following steps：
1) casting nacelle alloy material is prepared
Percetage by weight according to the chemical composition of nacelle alloy prepares fine aluminium and alloy, the chemical composition of its alloy Percetage by weight is：Cu：4.6~5.0%, Mn：0.8~1.0%, Ti：0.3~0.4%, Cd：0.15~0.25%, Zr： 0.1~0.2%, V：0.1~0.2%, B：0.05~0.1%, Re：0.1~0.2%, remaining for Al and inevitably it is miscellaneous Matter,
2) melting nacelle alloy material
The above-mentioned fine aluminium of melting and alloy in crucible, fine aluminium is first added in the crucible of lower hermetically sealed can, be in smelting temperature Melted under the conditions of 750 DEG C~760 DEG C, alloy is added and stirred after to be melted about 90%, plus coverture, treat alloy whole After fusing, 720 DEG C~730 DEG C are cooled to, pure argon is passed through or nitrogen carries out refining degasification, refining time 10min~15min, Crucible upper surface scum silica frost is removed, obtains pure molten aluminum；
3) mould assembles
4) vacuum pressure regulation is poured into a mould
The mould assembled is put into car type furnace, is 50~120 DEG C of 1~2h of preheating insulation in temperature；After preheating Mould is placed on vacuum adjustable pressure casting teeming stage, the mouth of pipe of the integral passage passway alignment stalk of mold bottom, upper close Sealed cans and the sealing of lower hermetically sealed can, compacting locking, is poured into a mould, concrete operations are as follows：
A. lower pressure piping valve is first shut off, while opens lower hermetically sealed can communicating valve, upper hermetically sealed can communicating valve, communicating valve With upper vacuum pipe valve, vacuum pump is started, upper-lower seal tank synchronously vacuumizes,
B. when vacuum reaches -50KPa, lower hermetically sealed can communicating valve and communicating valve, upper tank is closed and continues to vacuumize, this When, aluminium water enters in the mold cavity in upper tank from stalk in the crucible in holding furnace,
C. when vacuum reaches -70KPa, vacuum pipe valve in closing, closes vacuum pump；The lower pressure piping valve of opening, Lower hermetically sealed can communicating valve, upper vacuum pipe valve and communicating valve, lower snorkel are passed through pressure-air, upper-lower seal tank synchronzed press,
When d. pressurizeing, pressure tank is more than upper pressure tank down for holding, and controls upper and lower tank to fill type pressure difference and be not less than 25KPa, fills Type speed about 1~1.5KPa/s；Due to differential pressure action, the aluminium water in crucible is risen in mould cavity along stalk, is completed Casting forming；Meanwhile the solidification crust of short time is carried out at this pressure, investing time is 3~5s；Then quickly increased Pressure, improves casting compactness；Holding maximum pressure is constant, and the dwell time is 5min~10min；
E. communicating valve is finally opened, do not solidify aluminium water in mold bottom running gate system flows back to crucible along stalk, completes Casting pouring；
5) casting cleaning
After mould is unpacked, running gate system, riser and the burr of cast(ing) surface are removed, then casting is integrally sprayed Sand processing, obtains spray,；
6) spray is heat-treated
Spray is heated to 540 DEG C ± 5 DEG C, solid solution insulation 10h~18h under the conditions of being 540 DEG C ± 5 DEG C in temperature, Then spray is naturally cooling to 155 DEG C ± 5 DEG C, then timeliness keeps the temperature 4~8h under the conditions of temperature is 155 DEG C ± 5 DEG C；
7) oscillating aging
The spray of heat treatment vibration stress relief treatment has been subjected to；Before the spray of heat treatment is transferred to mechanical processing, Vibration stress relief treatment has been carried out, casting internal stress has further been discharged, prevents casting deformation.
8) it is machined
After vibration stress relief treatment, it is machined, the position such as processing upper and lower side frame, step, mounting hole, ensures size Precision, that is, complete qualified parts, is aluminium alloy thin-walled nacelle.
Preferably, in the step 3), set of molds harness body method：
A. babinet is assembled first：Core print seat sand core, the cross gate sand core and interface channel of outer wall are put under casing, covered Upper plate, completes the assembling of babinet；
B. and then casting mold main body is put into babinet, is determined by the core pipe lower part core pipe in casting mold internal model axis line inside Potential head insertion positioning seat positions, and is in advance put into core pipe in casting mold internal model, in order to the positioning, exhaust, lifting of main body sand core； Cover board is finally covered, completes mould assembling.
Preferably, the of the step 4) is d) in small step, and boost pressure is 30~50KPa, pumping rate 10 ~15KPa/s.
The operation principle of above-mentioned building mortion and method is as follows：
1) the device of the invention is the control device of gas pressure regulation and control, mutually isolated between lower pressure chamber and upper pressure chamber, and Realize isolating for two pressure chambers and ambient pressure.Indoor location crucible is wherein pushed to accommodate molten metal bath, in temperature control system control System is lower to be controlled molten metal temperature using holding furnace.
Upper pressure indoor location casting mold, cavity one end open are simultaneously connected with stalk, are inserted into molten metal liquid level, two pressure chambers It is connected respectively with positive pressure Force control system and vacuum control system with pipeline at the same time, each pressure chamber is introduced gas into or export, with reality Now press accurate control of the room pressure from negative pressure to positive pressure.
2) technological principle of adjustable pressure casting technology is described as follows：
Upper and lower pressure chamber is synchronously vacuumized first, cavity and molten metal is kept negative pressure；When filling type, upper and lower pressure is closed Gas connection valve between room, continues to vacuumize cavity top pressure chamber, makes small pressure upper greatly under being formed between upper and lower pressure chamber Force difference, by the molten metal in crucible along cavity of the stalk press-in in vacuum, fill after type rapidly to two pressure chambers at the same time Pressurization, and remain the constant pressure differential between upper and lower pressure chamber, keep positive pressure for a period of time, make molten metal under stress Solidification forming, after the molten metal in cavity completely solidification, you can removal pressure, not solidified molten metal reflux in stalk Into crucible.
Compared with other kinds of antigravity casting, adjustable pressure casting technology has 3 key characters：
1st, vacuum degassing
Before type is filled, molten metal is placed in pushing interior first, it is kept the temperature, two pressure chambers are synchronously taken out during this period Gas, reaches the negative pressure holding of progress a period of time after the vacuum of setting, molten in fusion process during negative pressure is kept Solution is easy to separate out in the gas in molten metal, and liquid level is not easy to generation oxidation and forms oxide-film under condition of negative pressure, this is conducive to The purifying and purification of molten metal.
2nd, negative pressure fills type
After synchronous negative pressure is kept for a period of time (3-5min), continue to vacuumize in upward pressure chamber, make between upper and lower pressure chamber Form pressure difference, molten metal be pressed into along stalk and is pressed in indoor casting mold cavity, due to filling type during cavity keep negative Pressure, molten metal is not in air-breathing or volume gas phenomenon in cavity filling process, can also avoid gas back pressure in cavity to filling the resistance of type Hinder effect, strengthen mold-filling capacity, advantage is steadily smoothly provided to fill type.Casting mold capacity pole during molten metal filling It is low, the requirement to mould permeability is reduced, under the advantage that negative pressure fills that type is provided, is controlled by optimization pressure bent Line, can realize and more smoothly fill type than other Countergravity casting methods, negative pressure fills the Stable Filling mode that type is provided can With in cavity formed with the temperature field beneficial to consecutive solidification.For example, if it is possible to realize metal bath surface steadily under Boost, molten metal constantly cools down in flow process, while is flowed through at it and heat is discharged on path, help to be formed by The macro-temperature distribution that upward temperature gradually reduces down, coordinates the reasonable employment chill at local thermal center, it is possible to achieve casting Best solidification mode, i.e. casting upper end solidifies first, and freezing interface promotes gradually downward, finally reaches the bottom of cavity Portion and stalk neck.In this process of setting, the molten metal of stalk lower end can provide effective benefit for solidification shrinkage Contracting.
3rd, positive pressure solidifies
Bob-weight force direction under condition of negative pressure fills type, helps to realize the consecutive solidification of casting from top to bottom, and is filling type After still ensure pressure difference between upper and lower pressure chamber, not only it is possible to prevente effectively from molten metal flows back, while can be that molten metal is completed Feeding effect provides driving force, when the solid skeleton formed in process of setting cannot bear additional pressure, is formed therebetween Shrinkage porosite or shrinkage cavity may also be compacted and disappear, and significantly improve the consistency of casting, ensure its Metallurgical Quality and mechanical property Raising.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1) the thin-wall high intensity aluminum alloy cabin casting that the present invention is prepared, is ensureing product property indices Meanwhile the consistency of casting is high, dimensional accuracy is high, surface smoothness is high, improves the overall performance of nacelle casting.
2) present invention uses monoblock cast manufacturing process, can be made into complex-shaped and preferable thin-walled nacelle, and can be Adjustment wall thickness change, obtains comparatively ideal stress distribution, improves reliability, the security of thin-walled nacelle in a certain range.
3) present invention improves the castability of aluminum alloy materials by being adjusted to the constituent of cast aluminium alloy gold Can, the defects of effectively prevent hot tearing, the shrinkage porosite of nacelle casting, be allowed to be more suitable for the monoblock cast shaping of thin-walled nacelle.
4) present invention is good to the applicability of thin-walled nacelle casting using vacuum adjustable pressure casting manufacturing process, can not only improve The mobility and mold-filling capacity of molten aluminum, while centrality shrinkage porosite can be eliminated, casting crystalline grain is refined, consistency lifting, tissue And performance is significantly improved, the mechanical property of casting is improved.
In conclusion thin-wall aluminum alloy nacelle casting integral forming method, cannot be only used for thin-wall high intensity aluminium alloy and leads The manufacture of internal weapon bays body, it can also be used to the monolithic molding of other complex thin-wall aluminium alloy castingses, before there is application well and development Scape.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of thin-walled nacelle monolithic molding mould of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of thin-walled nacelle monolithic molding device of the present invention；
Fig. 3 prepares nacelle casting structure schematic diagram for embodiment 3；
Fig. 4 prepares nacelle cast-internal expanded view for embodiment 3；
In figure, casting mold main body 1, casting mold external mold 1.1, casting mold inner core 1.2, vertical tube 1.3, core pipe 1.4, core pipe positioning head 1.41st, cover board 2, cover board hanging ring 2.1, babinet 3, bottom plate 3.1, positioning seat 3.11, ingate 3.12, under casing 3.2, core print seat sand Core 3.3, cross gate sand core 3.4, interface channel 3.5, integral passage 3.6, lower hermetically sealed can 4, upper hermetically sealed can 5, casting platform 6, Holding furnace 7, crucible 7.1, stalk 8, snorkel 9, communicating valve 9.1, upper snorkel 10, upper vacuum pipe valve 10.1, upper sealing Tank communicating valve 10.2, lower snorkel 11, lower pressure piping valve 11.1, lower hermetically sealed can communicating valve 11.2, branch pipe 12, weight 13, lock Tight ring 14.
Embodiment
In order to preferably explain the present invention, below in conjunction with the specific embodiment main contents that the present invention is furture elucidated, but Present disclosure is not limited solely to following embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Thin-walled nacelle monolithic molding mould as shown in Figure 1, mould include casting mold main body 1, cover board 2 and the bottom of cylinder The babinet 3 in portion, casting mold main body 1 include the casting mold internal model 1.2 of casting mold external mold 1.1 and inner hollow, the inner wall of casting mold external mold 1.1 On be provided with ring-like vertical tube 1.3, be provided with core pipe 1.4 in 1.2 axis line inside of casting mold internal model.Cover board is provided with 2 surface 2 hanging rings 2.1.
Babinet 3 includes the bottom plate 3.1 on top and the under casing 3.2 of lower part, and it is concave fixed downwards that the middle part of bottom plate 3.1 is provided with Position seat 3.11,1.4 top of core pipe are inserted into cover board 2, its 1.4 lower part of core pipe is provided with core pipe positioning head 1.41, core pipe positioning head 1.41 be pyramidal structure, it is inserted into fixed in positioning seat 3.11, is further opened with bottom plate 3.1 with being poured in being connected of vertical tube 1.3 Road 3.12.Including inner core headstock sand core 3.3 and the cross gate sand core being arranged on outside core print seat sand core 3.3 under casing 3.2 3.4, core print seat sand core 3.3 is in round table-like, and the thickness of 3.4 inner wall of cross gate sand core gradually increases, and 3.4 He of cross gate sand core 3.2 bottom surface central opening of under casing connects to form integral passage 3.6, coordinates between core print seat sand core 3.3 and cross gate sand core 3.4 Interface channel 3.5 is formed, 3.5 top of interface channel is connected with ingate 3.12,3.5 lower part of interface channel and integral passage 3.6 it is connected；
Embodiment 2
The integrally formed device of thin-walled nacelle as shown in Fig. 1~2, device include the lower hermetically sealed can 4 and upper to cooperate Hermetically sealed can 5, the lower top of hermetically sealed can 4 are provided with the casting platform 6 for installation mold, holding furnace 7 are provided with lower hermetically sealed can 4, Crucible 7.1 is provided with holding furnace 7, the center of crucible 7.1 is inserted with stalk 8,8 top of stalk insertion casting platform, 6 center And connected with mould,
Mould includes casting mold main body 1, the cover board 2 at top and the babinet 3 of bottom of cylinder, and casting mold main body 1 includes casting mold The casting mold internal model 1.2 of external mold 1.1 and inner hollow, is provided with ring-like vertical tube 1.3 on the inside of casting mold internal model 1.2, in casting mold Core pipe 1.4 is provided with 1.2 axis line inside of mould, 2 hanging rings 2.1 are provided with 2 surface of cover board.
Babinet 3 includes the bottom plate 3.1 on top and the under casing 3.2 of lower part, and it is concave fixed downwards that the middle part of bottom plate 3.1 is provided with Position seat 3.11,1.4 top of core pipe are inserted into cover board 2, its 1.4 lower part of core pipe is provided with core pipe positioning head 1.41, core pipe positioning head 1.41 be pyramidal structure, it is inserted into fixed in positioning seat 3.11, is further opened with bottom plate 3.1 with being poured in being connected of vertical tube 1.3 Road 3.12.
Including inner core headstock sand core 3.3 and the cross gate sand core being arranged on outside core print seat sand core 3.3 under casing 3.2 3.4, core print seat sand core 3.3 is in round table-like, and the thickness of 3.4 inner wall of cross gate sand core gradually increases, and 3.4 He of cross gate sand core 3.2 bottom surface central opening of under casing connects to form integral passage 3.6, coordinates between core print seat sand core 3.3 and cross gate sand core 3.4 Interface channel 3.5 is formed, 3.5 top of interface channel is connected with ingate 3.12,3.5 lower part of interface channel and integral passage 3.6 are connected, and integral passage 3.6 is connected with stalk 8；
Casting platform is provided with snorkel 9, and snorkel 10 and lower snorkel 11 have been arranged in parallel on snorkel 9.
Communicating valve 9.1 is provided between upper snorkel 10 and lower snorkel 11 on snorkel 9, is also set on upper snorkel 10 There are upper vacuum pipe valve 10.1 and upper hermetically sealed can communicating valve 10.2, lower 11.1 He of pressure piping valve is additionally provided with lower snorkel 11 Lower hermetically sealed can communicating valve 11.2, is additionally provided with branch pipe 12,12 one end of branch pipe is upper true between upper snorkel 10 and lower snorkel 11 Between vacant duct valve 10.1 and upper hermetically sealed can communicating valve 10.2, its other end is connected in lower pressure piping valve 11.1 with lower hermetically sealed can Between valve 11.2；Lower hermetically sealed can 4 and 5 junction surrounding of upper hermetically sealed can are fixed by retaining ring 14, and pressure is provided with casting mold cover board 2 Iron 13.
Embodiment 3
Fig. 3~4 are certain nacelle casting, are cylinder-shaped thin wall casting；Nacelle size：Profile diameter φ 1200mm, height 1000mm；Casting inner surface is not processed, and 16 vertical reinforcing ribs is distributed with, 4 cyclic reinforcing ribs, connect boss 16, installation branch 8, frame, casting section thickness 3.5mm ± 0.5mm.
Utilize making of the integrally formed device of thin-walled nacelle of embodiment 2 to above-mentioned instrument room nacelle aluminium alloy castings Method is as follows：
1) casting nacelle alloy material is prepared
Percetage by weight according to the chemical composition of nacelle alloy prepares fine aluminium and alloy, the chemical composition of its alloy Percetage by weight is：Cu：4.6~5.0%, Mn：0.8~1.0%, Ti：0.3~0.4%, Cd：0.15~0.25%, Zr： 0.1~0.2%, V：0.1~0.2%, B：0.05~0.1%, Re：0.1~0.2%, remaining for Al and inevitably it is miscellaneous Matter,
Wherein, total amount of material by 100kg prepare, aluminium ingot using purity be not less than 99.95% fine aluminium, Cu, Mn, Ti, Cd, V, Zr, B and Re element use respectively with alloy (mass percent) AlCu50A, AlMn10, AlTi4B, AlCd10, The form of AlZr4 and AlRe9 adds；
2) melting nacelle alloy material
The above-mentioned fine aluminium of melting and alloy in crucible 7.1, first add fine aluminium in the crucible 7.1 of lower hermetically sealed can, in melting Temperature melts under the conditions of being 750 DEG C~760 DEG C, and alloy is added and stirred after to be melted about 90%, plus coverture (covering Agent is 45%KCl+55%NaCl), after alloy all fusing after, cool to 720 DEG C~730 DEG C, be passed through pure argon or nitrogen into Row refining degasification, refining time 10min~15min, removes crucible upper surface scum silica frost, obtains pure molten aluminum；Molten aluminum processing Gone bad afterwards with thermal analyzer to molten aluminum, refined, refining effect analysis.1 is shown in Table with spectrometer detection chemical composition, alloy Chemical composition meets the chemical composition requirement of nacelle alloy.
1 instrument room nacelle alloying component of table
3) mould assembles
A. babinet 3 is assembled first：By core print seat sand core 3.3, the cross gate sand core 3.4 and interface channel 3.5 of outer wall, put Enter under casing 3.2, cover bottom plate 3.1, complete the assembling of babinet 3；
B. and then casting mold main body 1 is put into babinet 3, by under the core pipe 1.4 in 1.2 axis line inside of casting mold internal model Portion's core pipe positioning head 1.41 is inserted into positioning seat 3.11 and positions, and is in advance put into core pipe 1.4 in casting mold internal model 1.2, in order to main body Positioning, exhaust, the lifting of sand core；Cover board 2 is finally covered, completes mould assembling；
4) vacuum pressure regulation is poured into a mould
The mould assembled is put into car type furnace, is 50~120 DEG C of 1~2h of preheating insulation in temperature；After preheating Mould is placed on vacuum adjustable pressure casting teeming stage 6, the pipe of 3.6 passway of the integral passage alignment stalk 8 of mold bottom Mouthful, upper hermetically sealed can 4 and lower hermetically sealed can 5 seal, and compacting locking, is poured into a mould, concrete operations are as follows：
A. lower pressure piping valve 11.1 is first shut off, while opens lower hermetically sealed can communicating valve 11.2, upper hermetically sealed can communicating valve 10.2nd, communicating valve 9.1 and upper vacuum pipe valve 10.1, start vacuum pump, and upper-lower seal tank synchronously vacuumizes,
B. when vacuum reaches -50KPa, lower hermetically sealed can communicating valve 11.2 and communicating valve 9.1, upper tank is closed and continues to take out Vacuum, at this time, aluminium water enters in the mold cavity in upper tank from stalk 8 in the crucible 7.1 in holding furnace 7,
C. when vacuum reaches -70KPa, vacuum pipe valve 10.1 in closing, closes vacuum pump；Open lower high-voltage tube Road valve 11.1, lower hermetically sealed can communicating valve 11.2, upper vacuum pipe valve 10.2 and communicating valve 9.1, lower snorkel 11 are passed through high pressure sky Gas, upper-lower seal tank synchronzed press,
When d. pressurizeing, pressure tank is more than upper pressure tank down for holding, and controls upper and lower tank to fill type pressure difference and be not less than 25KPa, fills Type speed about 1~1.5KPa/s；Due to differential pressure action, the aluminium water in crucible 7.1 is risen in mould cavity along stalk 8, Complete casting forming；Meanwhile the solidification crust of short time is carried out at this pressure, investing time is 3~5s；Then carry out fast Speed supercharging, boost pressure is 30~50KPa, and pumping rate is 10~15KPa/s；Improve casting compactness；Keep maximal pressure Power is constant, and the dwell time is 5min~10min；
E. communicating valve 9.1 is finally opened, do not solidify aluminium water in mold bottom running gate system flows back to crucible along stalk 8 7.1, complete casting pouring；
5) casting cleaning
After mould is unpacked, running gate system, riser and the burr of cast(ing) surface are removed, then casting is integrally sprayed Sand processing, obtains spray,；
6) spray is heat-treated
Spray is heated to 540 DEG C ± 5 DEG C, solid solution insulation 18h under the conditions of being 540 DEG C ± 5 DEG C in temperature, then Spray is naturally cooling to 155 DEG C ± 5 DEG C, then timeliness keeps the temperature 8h under the conditions of temperature is 155 DEG C ± 5 DEG C；
After heat treatment, 6 bulk samples are cut and have carried out mechanics properties testing, the tensile strength of sample reaches 436MPa ~466MPa, elongation reach 9.4%~11.4%, refer to table 2.
2 body mechanical property of table
7) oscillating aging
The spray of heat treatment the vibration stress relief treatment of 60min has been subjected to；
8) it is machined
After vibration stress relief treatment, it is machined, the position such as processing upper and lower side frame, step, mounting hole, ensures size Precision, that is, complete qualified parts, is aluminium alloy thin-walled nacelle.
Other unspecified parts are the prior art.Although above-described embodiment is made that the present invention in detail Description, but it is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments, people can also exist according to the present embodiment Without other embodiment is obtained under the premise of creativeness, these embodiments belong to the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. A kind of 1. thin-walled nacelle monolithic molding mould, it is characterised in that：The mould includes the casting mold main body (1) of cylinder, top The cover board (2) in portion and the babinet (3) of bottom, the casting mold main body (1) are included in casting mold external mold (1.1) and the casting mold of inner hollow Mould (1.2), ring-like vertical tube (1.3) is provided with the inner wall of the casting mold external mold (1.1), and the casting mold internal model (1.2) is internal Core pipe (1.4) is provided with central axes.
  2. 2. thin-walled nacelle monolithic molding mould according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The babinet (3) includes top Bottom plate (3.1) and the under casing (3.2) of lower part, bottom plate (3.1) middle part is provided with downward concave positioning seat (3.11), described In core pipe (1.4) top insertion cover board (2), its core pipe (1.4) lower part is provided with core pipe positioning head (1.41), the core pipe positioning Head (1.41) be pyramidal structure, it is inserted into fixation in positioning seat (3.11), is further opened with the bottom plate (3.1) and vertical tube (1.3) connected ingate (3.12).
  3. 3. thin-walled nacelle monolithic molding mould according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Include in the under casing (3.2) interior Portion's core print seat sand core (3.3) and the cross gate sand core (3.4) for being arranged on core print seat sand core (3.3) outside, the core print seat sand core (3.3) it is in round table-like, the thickness of cross gate sand core (3.4) inner wall gradually increases, the cross gate sand core (3.4) and under casing (3.2) bottom surface central opening connects to form integral passage (3.6), the core print seat sand core (3.3) and cross gate sand core (3.4) it Between cooperatively form interface channel (3.5), interface channel (3.5) top is connected with ingate (3.12), and the connection is logical Road (3.5) lower part is connected with integral passage (3.6)；Multiple hanging rings (2.1) are provided with cover board (2) surface.
  4. 4. a kind of integrally formed device of thin-walled nacelle, described device includes the lower hermetically sealed can (4) to cooperate and upper hermetically sealed can (5), it is characterised in that：The casting platform (6) for installation mold, the lower sealing are provided with the top of the lower hermetically sealed can (4) Holding furnace (7) is provided with tank (4), is provided with crucible (7.1) in the holding furnace (7), crucible (7.1) center inserted with Stalk (8), stalk (8) top insertion casting platform (6) center are simultaneously connected with mould, and the mould includes cylinder Casting mold main body (1), the cover board (2) at top and the babinet (3) of bottom, the casting mold main body (1) include casting mold external mold (1.1) and The casting mold internal model (1.2) of inner hollow, is provided with ring-like vertical tube (1.3), the casting on the inside of the casting mold internal model (1.2) Core pipe (1.4) is provided with type internal model (1.2) axis line inside, the casting platform is provided with snorkel (9), the snorkel (9) snorkel (10) and lower snorkel (11) have been arranged in parallel on.
  5. 5. the integrally formed device of thin-walled nacelle according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The babinet (3) includes top Bottom plate (3.1) and lower part under casing (3.2), be provided with downward concave positioning seat (3.11), institute in the middle part of the bottom plate (3.1) State in core pipe (1.4) top insertion cover board (2), its core pipe (1.4) lower part is provided with core pipe positioning head (1.41), and the core pipe is determined Potential head (1.41) is pyramidal structure, it is inserted into fixed in positioning seat (3.11), is further opened with the bottom plate (3.1) and vertical tube (1.3) connected ingate (3.12), is provided with multiple hanging rings (2.1) on cover board (2) surface.
  6. 6. the integrally formed device of thin-walled nacelle according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：Include in the under casing (3.2) Inner core headstock sand core (3.3) and the cross gate sand core (3.4) for being arranged on core print seat sand core (3.3) outside, the core print seat sand In round table-like, the thickness of cross gate sand core (3.4) inner wall gradually increases core (3.3), and the cross gate sand core (3.4) and Under casing (3.2) bottom surface central opening connects to form integral passage (3.6), the core print seat sand core (3.3) and cross gate sand core (3.4) interface channel (3.5) is cooperatively formed between, interface channel (3.5) top is connected with ingate (3.12), described Interface channel (3.5) lower part is connected with integral passage (3.6), and the integral passage (3.6) connects with stalk (8).
  7. 7. the integrally formed device of thin-walled nacelle according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The upper snorkel (10) and under Communicating valve (9.1) is provided between snorkel (11) on snorkel (9), vacuum pipe is additionally provided with the upper snorkel (10) Valve (10.1) and upper hermetically sealed can communicating valve (10.2), be additionally provided with the lower snorkel (11) lower pressure piping valve (11.1) and under Hermetically sealed can communicating valve (11.2), branch pipe (12), the branch are additionally provided between the upper snorkel (10) and lower snorkel (11) (12) one end is managed between upper vacuum pipe valve (10.1) and upper hermetically sealed can communicating valve (10.2), its other end is in lower pressure piping valve (11.1) between lower hermetically sealed can communicating valve (11.2)；The lower hermetically sealed can (4) and upper hermetically sealed can (5) junction surrounding pass through locking Ring (14) is fixed, and weight (13) is provided with the casting mold cover board (2).
  8. 8. a kind of carry out thin-walled nacelle integral forming method using claim 4 described device, it is characterised in that：Including following step Suddenly：
    1) casting nacelle alloy material is prepared
    Percetage by weight according to the chemical composition of nacelle alloy prepares fine aluminium and alloy, the weight hundred of the chemical composition of its alloy Fraction is：Cu：4.6~5.0%, Mn：0.8~1.0%, Ti：0.3~0.4%, Cd：0.15~0.25%, Zr：0.1~ 0.2%th, V：0.1~0.2%, B：0.05~0.1%, Re：0.1~0.2%, remaining is Al and inevitable impurity,
    2) melting nacelle alloy material
    The above-mentioned fine aluminium of melting and alloy in crucible (7.1), first add fine aluminium in the crucible (7.1) of lower hermetically sealed can, in melting Temperature melts under the conditions of being 750 DEG C~760 DEG C, and alloy is added and stirred after to be melted about 90%, plus coverture, treats alloy All after fusing, 720 DEG C~730 DEG C are cooled to, pure argon is passed through or nitrogen carries out refining degasification, refining time 10min~ 15min, removes crucible upper surface scum silica frost, obtains pure molten aluminum；
    3) mould assembles
    4) vacuum pressure regulation is poured into a mould
    The mould assembled is put into car type furnace, is 50~120 DEG C of 1~2h of preheating insulation in temperature；By the mould after preheating It is placed on the teeming stage (6) of vacuum adjustable pressure casting, integral passage (3.6) passway alignment stalk (8) of mold bottom The mouth of pipe, upper hermetically sealed can (4) and lower hermetically sealed can (5) sealing, compacting locking, is poured into a mould, concrete operations are as follows：
    A. lower pressure piping valve (11.1) is first shut off, while opens lower hermetically sealed can communicating valve (11.2), upper hermetically sealed can communicating valve (10.2), communicating valve (9.1) and upper vacuum pipe valve (10.1), start vacuum pump, and upper-lower seal tank synchronously vacuumizes,
    B. when vacuum reaches -50KPa, lower hermetically sealed can communicating valve (11.2) and communicating valve (9.1) are closed, upper tank continues to take out true Sky, at this time, the interior aluminium water of crucible (7.1) in holding furnace (7) enter in the mold cavity in upper tank from stalk (8),
    C. when vacuum reaches -70KPa, vacuum pipe valve (10.1) in closing, closes vacuum pump；Open lower pressure piping valve (11.1), lower hermetically sealed can communicating valve (11.2), upper vacuum pipe valve (10.2) and communicating valve (9.1), lower snorkel (11) are passed through Pressure-air, upper-lower seal tank synchronzed press,
    When d. pressurizeing, keep lower pressure tank to be more than upper pressure tank, and control up and down tank fill type pressure difference and be not less than 25KPa, it is fast to fill type Spend about 1~1.5KPa/s；Aluminium water in crucible (7.1) is risen in mould cavity along stalk (8), completes casting forming； Meanwhile the solidification crust of short time is carried out at this pressure, investing time is 3~5s；Then carry out Quick-pressurizing；Keep highest Pressure is constant, and the dwell time is 5min~10min；
    E. communicating valve (9.1) is finally opened, do not solidify aluminium water in mold bottom running gate system flows back to crucible along stalk (8) (7.1), casting pouring is completed；
    (5) casting cleaning
    After mould is unpacked, running gate system, riser and the burr of cast(ing) surface are removed, then casting is integrally carried out at sandblasting Reason, obtains spray,；
    (6) spray is heat-treated
    Spray is heated to 540 DEG C ± 5 DEG C, solid solution insulation 10h~18h under the conditions of being 540 DEG C ± 5 DEG C in temperature, then Spray is naturally cooling to 155 DEG C ± 5 DEG C, then timeliness keeps the temperature 4~8h under the conditions of temperature is 155 DEG C ± 5 DEG C；
    7) oscillating aging
    The spray of heat treatment vibration stress relief treatment has been subjected to；
    8) it is machined
    After vibration stress relief treatment, it is machined, the position such as processing upper and lower side frame, step, mounting hole, ensures dimensional accuracy, Qualified parts are completed, are aluminium alloy thin-walled nacelle.
  9. 9. according to claim (8) the thin-walled nacelle integral forming method, it is characterised in that：In the step (3), set of molds Harness body method：
    A. babinet (3) is assembled first：By core print seat sand core (3.3), the cross gate sand core (3.4) and interface channel (3.5) of outer wall, It is put under casing (3.2), covers bottom plate (3.1), completes the assembling of babinet (3)；
    B. and then casting mold main body (1) is put into babinet (3), passes through the core pipe (1.4) in casting mold internal model (1.2) axis line inside Lower part core pipe positioning head (1.41) insertion positioning seat (3.11) positions, and is in advance put into core pipe (1.4) in casting mold internal model (1.2), In order to the positioning, exhaust, lifting of main body sand core；Cover board (2) is finally covered, completes mould assembling.
  10. 10. thin-walled nacelle integral forming method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：D) the small step of the step 4) In, boost pressure is 30~50KPa, and pumping rate is 10~15KPa/s.
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CN108821775A (en) * 2018-07-06 2018-11-16 西安航空学院 A kind of diamond/silicon carbide prefabricated component and diamond/silicon carbide/aluminium composite material preparation method
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CN113369460A (en) * 2021-04-29 2021-09-10 徐州鹏盛铸造有限公司 Die casting preparation method
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CN113369460A (en) * 2021-04-29 2021-09-10 徐州鹏盛铸造有限公司 Die casting preparation method
CN115255331A (en) * 2022-08-12 2022-11-01 中国兵器装备集团西南技术工程研究所 Multi-field pressure casting equipment
CN115255331B (en) * 2022-08-12 2023-09-29 中国兵器装备集团西南技术工程研究所 Multi-field pressurizing casting equipment
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