CN102689158A

CN102689158A - Liquid forging and rolling composite molding method of nickel-base superalloy hetero-cross-section large ring piece

Info

Publication number: CN102689158A
Application number: CN2012102004968A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李路; 王放; 陈志谦; 于文斌
Original assignee: Southwest University
Current assignee: Southwest University
Priority date: 2012-06-18
Filing date: 2012-06-18
Publication date: 2012-09-26
Anticipated expiration: 2032-06-18
Also published as: CN102689158B

Abstract

The invention provides a liquid forging and rolling composite molding method of a nickel-base superalloy hetero-cross-section large ring piece. The liquid forging and rolling composite molding method comprises the following steps of: smelting, liquid forging, homogenization, waste heat isothermal rolling, heat processing and finishing. The step of liquid forging comprises: fixing a liquid forging mold on an indirect extrusion casting machine, subsequently casting a certain quantity of obtained nickel-base superalloy solution to the liquid forging mold, wherein the casting temperature is 1350-1450 DEG C, the pressuring speed is 35-50mm/s, the mold filling time is 1-6s, the specific pressure is 300-400MPa; and keeping the pressure for 35-90 seconds under the pressure so as to obtain a final cross section nearest ring blank. The step of waste heat isothermal rolling comprises: carrying out waste heat isothermal rolling on a radial axis composite ring rolling machine after the final cross section nearest ring blank subjected to homogenization is cooled to 1020-1140 DEG C. By utilizing the liquid forging and rolling composite molding method of the nickel-base superalloy hetero-cross-section large ring piece, not only can the blank manufacturing process of the alloy ring piece be simplified, the cost is reduced and the production efficiency is improved, but also the micro-texture state of the nickel-base superalloy ring piece is improved, and the comprehensive mechanical property is improved.

Description

The rolling combined shaping method of the different cross section of nickel base superalloy large ring liquid forging

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of short flow process and shape method, the concrete rolling combined shaping method of the different cross section of a kind of nickel base superalloy large ring liquid forging that relates to major diameter metal ring of complex section.

Background technology

The large ring that adopts nickel base superalloy to make is mainly used in fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, oil gas, work under bad environment.The requirement that special environment for use has proposed intimate harshness to the dimensional accuracy and the comprehensive mechanical property of ring: require part to have high-precision appearance and size on the one hand; Avoid follow-up machine to add shaping, the serious ring serviceability that reduces when wasting a large amount of manpower and materials; Require part to have excellent structural state on the other hand to reach the requirement of comprehensive mechanical property.

At present, hot rolling system (be also referred to as heat and roll over expansion) and machine cut processing associating completion are adopted in the preparation of complex section ring usually.This technology rolls out the ring base of square-section based on the shaping ingot blank, through machine cut needed complex section is processed in the square-section again.The main process flow process is: smelting → cogging → blanking → jumping-up → punching → hot rolling system → heat treatment → machining.There is the problem of the following aspects in this technology:

1) flow process is tediously long, and operation is various, and production efficiency is low;

2) roll over the ring expansion base and need the punching preparation, and final cross sectional shape need guarantee that stock utilization is low through the unnecessary dressing of cutting;

3) mechanical processing process cuts off metal streamline, causes the ring comprehensive mechanical property to descend;

4) preparation process needs repeated heating, causes crystal grain thick, and surface oxidation is serious, and energy loss is big.

Publication number is the method that the Chinese patent of CN 101817134A discloses a kind of ferrule piece short-flow casting and rolling composite forming; Though it is short that the method for this ferrule piece short-flow casting and rolling composite forming satisfies production procedure to a certain extent; Save the beneficial effect of the energy, material and manpower; But this method adopts centrifugal casting ring base, can't satisfy the processing request of complex section ring, and produces the instructions for use that the comprehensive mechanical property of the ferrule piece that obtains does not also reach extreme environment.

Given this; The present invention is intended to explore the rolling combined shaping method of the different cross section of a kind of nickel base superalloy large ring liquid forging; This method not only can simplify the nickel base superalloy large ring the blank-making technology flow process, reduce cost and enhance productivity; But also can effectively improve the microstructure state of alloy rings, improve comprehensive mechanical property.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem that the present invention will solve is to propose the rolling combined shaping method of a kind of nickel base superalloy different cross section large ring liquid forging; This combined shaping method not only can simplify alloy rings the blank-making technology flow process, reduce cost and enhance productivity; But also can effectively improve the microstructure state of nickel base superalloy ring, improve comprehensive mechanical property.

Realize above-mentioned technical purpose, large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of nickel base superalloy of the present invention comprises melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing;

Said liquid forging is: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine; The nickel base superalloy solution that melting is obtained quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 1350-1450 ℃, and pressing speed is 35-50 mm/s; Filling time 1-6 s; Specific pressure 300-400 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 35-90 s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base;

Said waste heat ausrolling is: when the near whole cross section ring base after homogenising is cooled to 1020-1140 ℃, on the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle, carry out the waste heat ausrolling.

Further, nickel base superalloy melting cooling procedure adopts water and helium dual-cooled.；

Further; After being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine, when being preheated to 100-250 ℃, in the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating; Coating layer thickness 10-20 μ m continues the preheating liquid-state forging die to 300-400 ℃;

Further, said waste heat ausrolling comprises quick rolling expansion stage, stable rolling expansion stage successively, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and become the rounding shape stage, and the said quick rolling expansion stage is rolled over the axial feed velocity V of expansion during the stage with stablizing _AxiallyWith radial feed speed V _RadiallySatisfy V _Axially=0.5-0.6V _Radially, said deceleration is rolled over the expansion stage and is become rounding shape during the stage, and the not feeding of awl roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused, and when the external diameter that encircles base and finished product ring differed 30-50 mm, axial roll was lifted;

Further, the rolling mould and the blank temperature difference are ± 10 ℃;

Further, the radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle are selected to forge and are passed through the desired minimum amount of feeding and the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that pass allowed of nipping;

Further, said finishing is cold-finish;

Further, in the waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is 0.5-0.8 rad/s, and core roller feed speed is 1-30 mm/s;

Further; The cavity shape of said liquid-state forging die is similar with the shape of ring; When the design of liquid-state forging die; A side of choosing simple shape on the inside/outside cross section is as positioning reference plane; And the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base when rolling according to waste heat is provided with the die cavity of liquid-state forging die, and the closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring;

Further, the rolling rolling of said waste heat is expanded than>=1.4, the endoporus degree of eccentricity≤3 of the near whole cross section ring base after the controlled rolling °, the core bore dia>=330mm of the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging obtains.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is:

The rolling combined shaping method of the different cross section of nickel base superalloy of the present invention large ring liquid forging adopt melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat rolling → technological process of heat treatment → finishing; This method is melting nickel base superalloy solution at first; Adopt liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base subsequently; And the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes the ring base to solidify, compare with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:

1) lacks flow process, effectively enhance productivity;

2) no punching operation, the complex section of nickel base superalloy ring relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;

3) liquid forging-ring base structural state significantly is superior to conventional cast ring base, is aided with follow-up hot rolling and processes the forging attitude modification that shape can fully guarantee to encircle the base material, obtains the tissue of fine and closely woven and homogenising;

4) finishing procedure effectively guarantees ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause the ring streamline to cut off significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;

5) blank need not repeated heating, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing.

Therefore; Large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of nickel base superalloy of the present invention is effectively simplified blank-making technology, and shortened process reduces cost; Boost productivity and economic benefit, have huge development potentiality and broad prospect for its application.

The specific embodiment

Elaborate below in conjunction with the specific embodiment of specific embodiment to the rolling combined shaping method of the different cross section of nickel base superalloy of the present invention large ring liquid forging.

First embodiment

Large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of the nickel base superalloy of present embodiment comprises the steps, the trade mark of the nickel base superalloy of present embodiment is GH4169:

1) melting: adopt three smelting processes of vacuum induction+electroslag remelting+vacuum consumable remelting, concrete, the vacuum consumable reflow process adopts water and helium dual-cooled, the segregation that can effectively alleviate the Nb metal;

2) alloy solution that liquid forging: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine, with the 1st) obtains in the step quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 1400 ℃; Pressing speed is 40 mm/s; Filling time 5 s, specific pressure 350 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 90 s; Obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, specific pressure is meant that liquid metal cools off the unit pressure of bearing under pressure;

3) homogenising: when nearly whole cross section ring base is cooled to 1150 ℃, behind the insulation 20h, be warming up to 1180 ℃ again; Insulation 110h, special, need strict control holding temperature in the homogenising process of phase I; And must not be higher than 1160 ℃, otherwise can cause the incipient melting of Laves phase, can't eliminate segregation;

4) waste heat ausrolling: the waste heat after the employing homogenising cools to rolling temperature and directly implements waste heat ausrolling process; And do not need post bake; When the near whole cross section ring base after the homogenising is cooled to 1020 ℃; On the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle, carry out ausrolling; And controlled rolling mould and the blank temperature difference be-10 ℃, and the waste heat ausrolling comprises that successively quick rolling expands the stage, stablely rolles over the expansion stage, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and becomes the rounding shape stage, and rolles over expansion stage and the axial feed velocity V of stable rolling expansion during the stage fast _AxiallyWith radial feed speed V _RadiallySatisfy V _Axially=0.6V _Radially, slow down to roll over the expansion stage and becomes rounding shape during the stage, the not feeding of awl roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused, and when the external diameter that encircles base and finished product ring external diameter differ when equaling 50 mm, axial roll is lifted; Preferably, in the waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is 0.5rad/s, and core roller feed speed is 25mm/s;

5) heat treatment; Adopting direct aging heat treatment: through the 4th) the ring base that obtains of step is at 715 ℃ of insulation 8 h down; After being chilled to 615 ℃ with 50 ℃/h with stove subsequently, be incubated 8 h, air cooling;

6) finishing, cold-finish technology is adopted in the finishing of present embodiment.

Adopt liquid forging to process nearly whole cross section ring base, make GH4169 high temperature alloy crystallization, shaping and produce a small amount of plastic deformation under pressure, obtain dense internal organization, crystal grain is tiny, the high-quality liquid forging part of any surface finish.Liquid forging has following process characteristic:

1) liquid forging can be eliminated the inner pore of foundry goods, shrinkage cavity and defective such as loose, produces local plastic deformation, makes foundry goods dense structure;

2) liquid metal is shaped under pressure and solidifies, and foundry goods and die cavity wall are fitted closely, thereby the liquid forging part has higher surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy, and its rank can reach the level of die casting;

3) the liquid forging part is in process of setting, and each position is in compressive stress state, helps the feeding of foundry goods and prevents the generation of casting crack;

4) liquid forging process is fit to the complicated ring base in preparation cross section very much, can effectively reduce cost, and improves the stock utilization of ring.The liquid forging technology also has advantages such as technology is simple, foundry goods good mechanical property, production efficiency is high, cost is relatively low.

Further; The said the 2nd) in the step, liquid-state forging die adopts the high temperature alloy preparation, be fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine after; When being preheated to 150 ℃; In the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, coating layer thickness 10-20 μ m continues preheating liquid-state forging die to 300 ℃.Through spray refractory coating on liquid-state forging die, can make things convenient for the liquid-state forging die demoulding.

Further, the said the 4th) in the step, the roll section groove of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is according to the design of ring product cross section, and with liquid-state forging die die cavity cross-sections match, and guarantee enough deformation extents and both couplings.The radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle are selected to forge and are passed through the desired minimum amount of feeding and the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that pass allowed of nipping.

Further, the GH4169 nickel base superalloy of present embodiment, the weight ratio of its component is: 0.06% C, 21.0% Cr, 55.0% Ni, 3.30% Mo; 0.70% Al, 1.15Ti, 5.50% Nb, 0.006 % B, 1.0 % Co, 0.005 % Mg; 0.35 % Mn, 0.35 % Si, 0.015 % P, 0.015 % S, 0.30 % Cu; 0.005 % Ca, 0.00003 % Bi, 0.005 % Sn, 0.0005 % Pb, 0.0005 % Ag; 0.0003 % Se, 0.00005 % Te, 0.01 % N, 0.005 % O, all the other are Fe.

Further; The cavity shape of liquid-state forging die is similar with the shape of ring; When the design of liquid-state forging die, a side of choosing simple shape on the inside/outside cross section is as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base during according to the waste heat ausrolling is provided with the die cavity of liquid-state forging die; Effectively avoid blank cross sectional shape complicacy to cause rolling initial stage ring base to contact, cause skidding or the problem of malocclusion with point/line between the roll.The closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring, and concrete size expands than confirms according to rolling over.

Further, the rolling of waste heat ausrolling is expanded than >=1.4, and the rolling of present embodiment is expanded than=1.4, has tangible circumferential fibers to guarantee final ring.The near whole cross section ring base endoporus degree of eccentricity of the endoporus degree of eccentricity≤3 ° present embodiment of the near whole cross section ring base after the controlled rolling is 1 °, guarantees terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, and the core bore dia>=330mm of base is encircled in the near whole cross section that liquid forging obtains.

Large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of the nickel base superalloy of present embodiment adopts the technological process of three meltings → liquid forging → two stages homogenising processing → waste heat ausrolling → direct aging heat treatment → finishing; This method is melting high temperature alloy solution at first; Adopt liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base subsequently, after two stage homogenising are handled, utilize the direct isothermal rolling forming of waste heat ausrolling; Compare with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:

1) lacks flow process, effectively enhance productivity;

2) no punching operation, the complex section of ring relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes that nearly whole cross section ring base is shaped;

3) structural state of the near whole cross section ring base that obtains of liquid forging significantly is superior to conventional cast ring base, is aided with follow-up waste heat ausrolling and is shaped and can fully guarantees to encircle the forging step response of base material, obtains the tissue of fine and closely woven and homogenising;

4) the direct aging Technology for Heating Processing after the waste heat ausrolling is under the prerequisite that guarantees product structural state and comprehensive mechanical property, and more traditional solid solution treatment process has significantly improved production efficiency, further shortens preparation time;

5) finishing procedure effectively guarantees ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause the ring streamline to cut off significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;

6) blank need not repeated heating, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing.

Therefore; Large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of the nickel base superalloy of present embodiment can effectively be simplified blank-making technology, and shortened process reduces cost; Boost productivity and economic benefit, have huge development potentiality and broad prospect for its application.

Second embodiment

2) alloy solution that liquid forging: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine, with the 1st) obtains in the step quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 1350 ℃; Pressing speed is 35mm/s; Filling time 1 s, specific pressure 400MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 35 s; Obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, specific pressure is meant that liquid metal cools off the unit pressure of bearing under pressure;

3) homogenising: when nearly whole cross section ring base was cooled to 1160 ℃, insulation 30h was warming up to 1190 ℃ again, insulation 130h; Special, need strict control holding temperature in the phase I homogenising process, and must not be higher than 1160 ℃, otherwise can cause the incipient melting of Laves phase, can't eliminate segregation;

4) waste heat ausrolling: the waste heat after the employing homogenising cools to rolling temperature and directly implements waste heat ausrolling process; And do not need post bake; When the near whole cross section ring base after the homogenising is cooled to 1120 ℃; On the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle, carry out ausrolling; And controlled rolling mould and the blank temperature difference be 10 ℃, and the waste heat ausrolling comprises that successively quick rolling expands the stage, stablely rolles over the expansion stage, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and becomes the rounding shape stage, and rolles over expansion stage and the axial feed velocity V of stable rolling expansion during the stage fast _AxiallyWith radial feed speed V _RadiallySatisfy V _Axially=0.5V _Radially, slow down to roll over the expansion stage and becomes rounding shape during the stage, the not feeding of awl roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused, and when the external diameter that encircles base and finished product ring external diameter differ when equaling 30mm, axial roll is lifted; Preferably, in the waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is 0.8rad/s, and core roller feed speed is 30mm/s;

5) heat treatment; Adopting direct aging heat treatment: through the 4th) the ring base that obtains of step is at 725 ℃ of insulation 8 h down; After being chilled to 625 ℃ with 50 ℃/h with stove subsequently, be incubated 8 h, air cooling;

Further; The said the 2nd) in the step, liquid-state forging die adopts the high temperature alloy preparation, be fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine after; When being preheated to 100 ℃; In the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, coating layer thickness 10-20 μ m continues preheating liquid-state forging die to 350 ℃.Through spray refractory coating on liquid-state forging die, can make things convenient for the liquid-state forging die demoulding.

Further; The cavity shape of liquid-state forging die is similar with the shape of ring; When the design of liquid-state forging die, a side of choosing simple shape on the inside/outside cross section is as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base during according to the waste heat ausrolling is provided with the die cavity of liquid-state forging die; Effectively avoid blank cross sectional shape complicacy to cause rolling initial stage ring base to contact, cause skidding or the problem of malocclusion with point/line between the roll.The closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring.

Further, the rolling of waste heat ausrolling is expanded than >=1.4, and the rolling of present embodiment is expanded than=3, has tangible circumferential fibers to guarantee final ring.The near whole cross section ring base endoporus degree of eccentricity of the endoporus degree of eccentricity≤3 ° present embodiment of the near whole cross section ring base after the controlled rolling is 2 °, guarantees terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, and the core bore dia>=330mm of base is encircled in the near whole cross section that liquid forging obtains.

The 3rd embodiment

2) alloy solution that liquid forging: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine, with the 1st) obtains in the step quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 1380 ℃; Pressing speed is 38mm/s; Filling time 6 s, specific pressure 370MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 50s; Obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, specific pressure is meant that liquid metal cools off the unit pressure of bearing under pressure;

3) homogenising: when nearly whole cross section ring base was cooled to 1155 ℃, insulation 25h was warming up to 1185 ℃ again, insulation 120h; Special, need strict control holding temperature in the phase I homogenising process, and must not be higher than 1160 ℃, otherwise can cause the incipient melting of Laves phase, can't eliminate segregation;

4) waste heat ausrolling: adopt the waste heat ausrolling: when the near whole cross section ring base after the homogenising is cooled to 1070 ℃; On the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle, carry out ausrolling; And controlled rolling mould and the blank temperature difference are 0 ℃; The waste heat ausrolling comprises quick rolling expansion stage, stable rolling expansion stage successively, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and become the rounding shape stage, and rolles over expansion stage and the axial feed velocity V of stable rolling expansion during the stage fast _AxiallyWith radial feed speed V _RadiallySatisfy V _Axially=0.55V _Radially, slow down to roll over the expansion stage and becomes rounding shape during the stage, the not feeding of awl roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused, and when the external diameter that encircles base and finished product ring external diameter differ when equaling 20mm, axial roll is lifted; Preferably, in the waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is 0.7rad/s, and core roller feed speed is 1mm/s;

5) heat treatment; Adopting direct aging heat treatment: through the 4th) the ring base that obtains of step is at 720 ℃ of insulation 8 h down; After being chilled to 620 ℃ with 50 ℃/h with stove subsequently, be incubated 8 h, air cooling;

Further; The said the 2nd) in the step, liquid-state forging die adopts the high temperature alloy preparation, be fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine after; When being preheated to 120 ℃; In the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, coating layer thickness 10-20 μ m continues preheating liquid-state forging die to 330 ℃.Through spray refractory coating on liquid-state forging die, can make things convenient for the liquid-state forging die demoulding.

Further, the rolling of waste heat ausrolling is expanded than >=1.4, and the rolling of present embodiment is expanded than=2, has tangible circumferential fibers to guarantee final ring.The endoporus degree of eccentricity≤3 of the near whole cross section ring base after the controlled rolling °, the near whole cross section ring base endoporus degree of eccentricity of present embodiment is 3 °, guarantees terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, the core bore dia>=330mm of base is encircled in the near whole cross section that liquid forging obtains.

The 4th embodiment

2) alloy solution that liquid forging: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine, with the 1st) obtains in the step quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 1370 ℃; Pressing speed is 39mm/s; Filling time 3 s, specific pressure 380MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 70s; Obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, specific pressure is meant that liquid metal cools off the unit pressure of bearing under pressure;

3) homogenising: when nearly whole cross section ring base was cooled to 1155 ℃, insulation 20h was warming up to 1180 ℃ again, insulation 120h; Special, need strict control holding temperature in the phase I homogenising process, and must not be higher than 1160 ℃, otherwise can cause the incipient melting of Laves phase, can't eliminate segregation;

4) waste heat ausrolling: adopt the waste heat ausrolling: when the near whole cross section ring base after the homogenising is cooled to 1050 ℃; On the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle, carry out ausrolling; And controlled rolling mould and the blank temperature difference are 5 ℃; The waste heat ausrolling comprises quick rolling expansion stage, stable rolling expansion stage successively, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and become the rounding shape stage, and rolles over expansion stage and the axial feed velocity V of stable rolling expansion during the stage fast _AxiallyWith radial feed speed V _RadiallySatisfy V _Axially=0.5V _Radially, slow down to roll over the expansion stage and becomes rounding shape during the stage, the not feeding of awl roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused, and when the external diameter that encircles base and finished product ring external diameter differ when equaling 40mm, axial roll is lifted; Preferably, in the waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is 0.6rad/s, and core roller feed speed is 10mm/s;

5) heat treatment; Adopting direct aging heat treatment: through the 4th) the ring base that obtains of step is at 720 ℃ of insulation 8 h down; After being chilled to 625 ℃ with 50 ℃/h with stove subsequently, be incubated 8 h, air cooling;

Further; The said the 2nd) in the step, liquid-state forging die adopts the high temperature alloy preparation, be fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine after; When being preheated to 130 ℃; In the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, coating layer thickness 10-20 μ m continues preheating liquid-state forging die to 350 ℃.Through spray refractory coating on liquid-state forging die, can make things convenient for the liquid-state forging die demoulding.

Further, the rolling of waste heat ausrolling is expanded than >=1.4, and the rolling of present embodiment is expanded than=1.5, has tangible circumferential fibers to guarantee final ring.The endoporus degree of eccentricity≤3 of the near whole cross section ring base after the controlled rolling °, the near whole cross section ring base endoporus degree of eccentricity of present embodiment is 3 °, guarantees terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, the core bore dia>=330mm of base is encircled in the near whole cross section that liquid forging obtains.

The 5th embodiment

Large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of the nickel base superalloy of present embodiment comprises the steps, the trade mark of the nickel base superalloy of present embodiment is GH4033:

1) melting: adopt vacuum induction+vacuum arc remelting technology, concrete, the vacuum arc remelting process adopts water and helium dual-cooled, the segregation that can effectively alleviate alloying element;

2) alloy solution that liquid forging: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine, with the 1st) obtains in the step quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 1450 ℃; Pressing speed is 50 mm/s; Filling time 6 s, specific pressure 400 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 50 s; Obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, specific pressure is meant that liquid metal cools off the unit pressure of bearing under pressure;

3) homogenising: the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging is obtained carries out the homogenising processing, adopts the conventional homogenising treatment process of GH4033;

4) waste heat ausrolling: the waste heat after the employing homogenising cools to rolling temperature and directly implements waste heat ausrolling process; And do not need post bake; When the near whole cross section ring base after the homogenising is cooled to 1140 ℃; On the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle, carry out ausrolling; And controlled rolling mould and the blank temperature difference be-10 ℃, and the waste heat ausrolling comprises that successively quick rolling expands the stage, stablely rolles over the expansion stage, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and becomes the rounding shape stage, and rolles over expansion stage and the axial feed velocity V of stable rolling expansion during the stage fast _AxiallyWith radial feed speed V _RadiallySatisfy V _Axially=0.6V _Radially, slow down to roll over the expansion stage and becomes rounding shape during the stage, the not feeding of awl roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused, and when the external diameter that encircles base and finished product ring external diameter differ when equaling 50 mm, axial roll is lifted; Preferably, in the waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is 0.5rad/s, and core roller feed speed is 25mm/s;

5) heat treatment: through the 4th) the ring base that obtains of step at first adopts recrystallization annealing process to handle, 1000 ℃ be incubated 1h after air cooling; Adopt solid-solution and aging heat treatment subsequently, will encircle base and be heated to 1080 ℃ of insulation 8 h down; Behind the air cooling to 750 ℃, be incubated 16 h, air cooling; Present embodiment increases by one recrystallization annealing process before being employed in solid-solution and aging heat treatment technology, can effectively suppress the thick problem of ubiquitous crystal grain in the processing of GH4033 high temperature alloy normal heat, effectively guarantees the ring structural state;

Adopt liquid forging to process nearly whole cross section ring base, make GH4033 high temperature alloy crystallization, shaping and produce a small amount of plastic deformation under pressure, obtain dense internal organization, crystal grain is tiny, the high-quality liquid forging part of any surface finish.Liquid forging has following process characteristic:

Further; The said the 2nd) in the step, liquid-state forging die adopts the high temperature alloy preparation, be fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine after; When being preheated to 250 ℃; In the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, coating layer thickness 10 μ m continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 400 ℃.Through spray refractory coating on liquid-state forging die, can make things convenient for the liquid-state forging die demoulding.

Further, the GH4033 nickel base superalloy of present embodiment, the weight ratio of its component is: 0.06% C, 21.0% Cr, 55.0% Ni, 3.30% Mo; 0.70% Al, 1.15Ti, 5.50% Nb, 0.006 % B, 1.0 % Co, 0.005 % Mg; 0.35 % Mn, 0.35 % Si, 0.015 % P, 0.015 % S, 0.30 % Cu; 0.005 % Ca, 0.00003 % Bi, 0.005 % Sn, 0.0005 % Pb, 0.0005 % Ag; 0.0003 % Se, 0.00005 % Te, 0.01 % N, 0.005 % O, all the other are Fe.

Large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of the nickel base superalloy of present embodiment adopts the technological process of three meltings → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing; This method is melting high temperature alloy solution at first; Adopt liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base subsequently, after homogenising is handled, utilize the direct isothermal rolling forming of waste heat ausrolling; Compare with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:

1) lacks flow process, effectively enhance productivity;

4) increase by one recrystallization annealing process before the conventional solid-solution and aging heat treatment technology, can effectively suppress the thick problem of ubiquitous crystal grain in the processing of GH4033 high temperature alloy normal heat, effectively guarantee the ring structural state.

The 6th embodiment

2) alloy solution that liquid forging: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine, with the 1st) obtains in the step quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 1350 ℃; Pressing speed is 40 mm/s; Filling time 1 s, specific pressure 300 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 90 s; Obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, specific pressure is meant that liquid metal cools off the unit pressure of bearing under pressure;

3) homogenising: the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging is obtained carries out the homogenising processing, and present embodiment adopts the conventional homogenization process of GH4033;

4) waste heat ausrolling: the waste heat after the employing homogenising cools to rolling temperature and directly implements waste heat ausrolling process; And do not need post bake; When the near whole cross section ring base after the homogenising is cooled to 1100 ℃; On the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle, carry out ausrolling; And controlled rolling mould and the blank temperature difference be 10 ℃, and the waste heat ausrolling comprises that successively quick rolling expands the stage, stablely rolles over the expansion stage, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and becomes the rounding shape stage, and rolles over expansion stage and the axial feed velocity V of stable rolling expansion during the stage fast _AxiallyWith radial feed speed V _RadiallySatisfy V _Axially=0.5V _Radially, slow down to roll over the expansion stage and becomes rounding shape during the stage, the not feeding of awl roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused, and when the external diameter that encircles base and finished product ring external diameter differ when equaling 30mm, axial roll is lifted; Preferably, in the waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is 0.8rad/s, and core roller feed speed is 30 mm/s;

5) heat treatment: through the 4th) the ring base that obtains of step at first adopts recrystallization annealing process to handle, 900 ℃ be incubated 2 h after air cooling; Adopt solid-solution and aging heat treatment subsequently, will encircle base and be heated to 1080 ℃ of insulation 8 h down; Behind the air cooling to 750 ℃, be incubated 16 h, air cooling; Present embodiment increases by one recrystallization annealing process before being employed in solid-solution and aging heat treatment technology, can effectively suppress the thick problem of ubiquitous crystal grain in the processing of GH4033 high temperature alloy normal heat, effectively guarantees the ring structural state;

Further; The said the 2nd) in the step, liquid-state forging die adopts the high temperature alloy preparation, be fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine after; When being preheated to 200 ℃; In the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, coating layer thickness 20 μ m continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 350 ℃.Through spray refractory coating on liquid-state forging die, can make things convenient for the liquid-state forging die demoulding.

The 7th embodiment

2) alloy solution that liquid forging: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine, with the 1st) obtains in the step quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 1380 ℃; Pressing speed is 38mm/s; Filling time 6 s, specific pressure 370MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 60s; Obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, specific pressure is meant that liquid metal cools off the unit pressure of bearing under pressure;

4) waste heat ausrolling: adopt the waste heat ausrolling: when the near whole cross section ring base after the homogenising is cooled to 1120 ℃; On the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle, carry out ausrolling; And controlled rolling mould and the blank temperature difference are 0 ℃; The waste heat ausrolling comprises quick rolling expansion stage, stable rolling expansion stage successively, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and become the rounding shape stage, and rolles over expansion stage and the axial feed velocity V of stable rolling expansion during the stage fast _AxiallyWith radial feed speed V _RadiallySatisfy V _Axially=0.55V _Radially, slow down to roll over the expansion stage and becomes rounding shape during the stage, the not feeding of awl roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused, and when the external diameter that encircles base and finished product ring external diameter differ when equaling 20mm, axial roll is lifted; Preferably, in the waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is 0.7rad/s, and core roller feed speed is 1mm/s;

5) heat treatment: through the 4th) the ring base that obtains of step at first adopts recrystallization annealing process to handle, 980 ℃ be incubated 1.5 h after air cooling; Adopt solid-solution and aging heat treatment subsequently, will encircle base and be heated to 1080 ℃ of insulation 8 h down; Behind the air cooling to 750 ℃, be incubated 16 h, air cooling; Present embodiment increases by one recrystallization annealing process before being employed in solid-solution and aging heat treatment technology, can effectively suppress the thick problem of ubiquitous crystal grain in the processing of GH4033 high temperature alloy normal heat, effectively guarantees the ring structural state;

Further; The said the 2nd) in the step, liquid-state forging die adopts the high temperature alloy preparation, be fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine after; When being preheated to 220 ℃; In the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, coating layer thickness 16 μ m continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 380 ℃.Through spray refractory coating on liquid-state forging die, can make things convenient for the liquid-state forging die demoulding.

The 8th embodiment

2) alloy solution that liquid forging: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine, with the 1st) obtains in the step quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 1370 ℃; Pressing speed is 42 mm/s; Filling time 3 s, specific pressure 380MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 70s; Obtain nearly whole cross section ring base, specific pressure is meant that liquid metal cools off the unit pressure of bearing under pressure;

4) waste heat ausrolling: adopt the waste heat ausrolling: when the near whole cross section ring base after the homogenising is cooled to 1130 ℃; On the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle, carry out ausrolling; And controlled rolling mould and the blank temperature difference are 5 ℃; The waste heat ausrolling comprises quick rolling expansion stage, stable rolling expansion stage successively, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and become the rounding shape stage, and rolles over expansion stage and the axial feed velocity V of stable rolling expansion during the stage fast _AxiallyWith radial feed speed V _RadiallySatisfy V _Axially=0.5V _Radially, slow down to roll over the expansion stage and becomes rounding shape during the stage, the not feeding of awl roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused, and when the external diameter that encircles base and finished product ring external diameter differ when equaling 40mm, axial roll is lifted; Preferably, in the waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is 0.6rad/s, and core roller feed speed is 10mm/s;

5) heat treatment: 5) heat treatment; Through the 4th) the ring base that obtains of step at first adopts recrystallization annealing process to handle, 950 ℃ be incubated 1.5h after air cooling; Adopt solid-solution and aging heat treatment subsequently, will encircle base and be heated to 1080 ℃ of insulation 8 h down; Behind the air cooling to 750 ℃, be incubated 16 h, air cooling; Present embodiment increases by one recrystallization annealing process before being employed in solid-solution and aging heat treatment technology, can effectively suppress the thick problem of ubiquitous crystal grain in the processing of GH4033 high temperature alloy normal heat, effectively guarantees the ring structural state;

Further; The said the 2nd) in the step, liquid-state forging die adopts the high temperature alloy preparation, be fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine after; When being preheated to 230 ℃; In the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, coating layer thickness 17 μ m continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 350 ℃.Through spray refractory coating on liquid-state forging die, can make things convenient for the liquid-state forging die demoulding.

Explanation is at last; Above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; Although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention is specified, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention; And not breaking away from the aim and the scope of technical scheme of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. the rolling combined shaping method of the different cross section of nickel base superalloy large ring liquid forging is characterized in that: comprise melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing;

2. the rolling combined shaping method of nickel base superalloy according to claim 1 different cross section large ring liquid forging; It is characterized in that: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine; When being preheated to 100-250 ℃; In the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, coating layer thickness 10-20 μ m continues the preheating liquid-state forging die to 300-400 ℃.

3. the rolling combined shaping method of nickel base superalloy according to claim 1 different cross section large ring liquid forging; It is characterized in that: said waste heat ausrolling comprises quick rolling expansion stage, stable rolling expansion stage successively, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and become the rounding shape stage, and the said quick rolling expansion stage is rolled over the axial feed velocity V of expansion during the stage with stablizing _AxiallyWith radial feed speed V _RadiallySatisfy V _Axially=0.5-0.6V _Radially, said deceleration is rolled over the expansion stage and is become rounding shape during the stage, and the not feeding of awl roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused, and when the external diameter that encircles base and finished product ring differed 30-50 mm, axial roll was lifted.

4. the rolling combined shaping method of nickel base superalloy according to claim 3 different cross section large ring liquid forging, it is characterized in that: the rolling mould and the blank temperature difference are ± 10 ℃.

5. the rolling combined shaping method of nickel base superalloy according to claim 3 different cross section large ring liquid forging is characterized in that: the radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle are selected to forge and are passed through the desired minimum amount of feeding and the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that pass allowed of nipping.

6. the rolling combined shaping method of nickel base superalloy according to claim 1 different cross section large ring liquid forging, it is characterized in that: said finishing is cold-finish.

7. the rolling combined shaping method of nickel base superalloy according to claim 1 different cross section large ring liquid forging; It is characterized in that: in the waste heat ausrolling process; The home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is 0.5-0.8 rad/s, and core roller feed speed is 1-30 mm/s.

8. according to the rolling combined shaping method of each different cross section of described nickel base superalloy large ring liquid forging of claim 1-7; It is characterized in that: the cavity shape of said liquid-state forging die is similar with the shape of ring; When the design of liquid-state forging die; A side of choosing simple shape on the inside/outside cross section is as positioning reference plane; And the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base when rolling according to waste heat is provided with the die cavity of liquid-state forging die; And the closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring.

9. the rolling combined shaping method of nickel base superalloy according to claim 1 different cross section large ring liquid forging; It is characterized in that: the rolling rolling of said waste heat is expanded than>=1.4; The endoporus degree of eccentricity≤3 of the near whole cross section ring base after the controlled rolling °, the core bore dia>=330mm of the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging obtains.