CN102699634A - Liquid die-forging and rolling composite forming method for die steel special-section large ring piece - Google Patents
Liquid die-forging and rolling composite forming method for die steel special-section large ring piece Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid die-forging and rolling composite forming method for a die steel special-section large ring piece. The method comprises the following steps of: smelting, performing liquid die-forging, homogenizing, performing afterheat isothermal rolling, performing thermal treatment and performing fine adjustment, wherein the step of performing liquid die-forging comprises the following substeps of: fixing a liquid die-forging die on an indirect extrusion casting machine, and quantitatively pouring a die steel solution obtained through smelting into the liquid die-forging die at the pouring temperature of between 1,600 and 1,650 DEG C under the pressurization speed of between 30 and 60 mm/s, wherein the filling time is 1 to 6 seconds, and the specific pressure is 150 to 200 MPa; and keeping the pressure of between 150 and 200 MPa for 35 to 100 seconds, and thus obtaining a similar final section ring blank; and the step of performing afterheat isothermal rolling comprises the following substeps of: cooling the homogenized similar final section ring blank to the temperature of between 1,000 and 1,180 DEG C, and performing afterheat isothermal rolling on a radial shaft composite ring rolling machine. By the liquid die-forging and rolling composite forming method for the die steel special-section large ring piece, the process flow of manufacturing a blank of an alloy ring piece can be simplified, the cost can be reduced, and the production efficiency can be improved; and furthermore, the microstructure state of the die steel ring piece can be effectively improved, and the comprehensive mechanical property can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of short flow process and shape method, the concrete rolling combined shaping method of the different cross section of a kind of mould steel large ring liquid forging that relates to major diameter metal ring of complex section.
Background technology
The large ring that adopts mould steel to make is mainly used in fields such as oil gas, work under bad environment.The requirement that special environment for use has proposed intimate harshness to the dimensional accuracy and the comprehensive mechanical property of ring: require part to have high-precision appearance and size on the one hand; Avoid follow-up machine to add shaping, the serious ring serviceability that reduces when wasting a large amount of manpower and materials; Require part to have excellent structural state on the other hand to reach the requirement of comprehensive mechanical property.
At present, hot rolling system (be also referred to as heat and roll over expansion) and machine cut processing associating completion are adopted in the preparation of complex section ring usually.This technology rolls out the ring base of square-section based on the shaping ingot blank, through machine cut needed complex section is processed in the square-section again.The main process flow process is: smelting → cogging → blanking → jumping-up → punching → hot rolling system → heat treatment → machining.There is the problem of the following aspects in this technology:
1) flow process is tediously long, and operation is various, and production efficiency is low;
2) roll over the ring expansion base and need the punching preparation, and final cross sectional shape need guarantee that stock utilization is low through the unnecessary dressing of cutting;
3) mechanical processing process cuts off metal streamline, causes the ring comprehensive mechanical property to descend;
4) preparation process needs repeated heating, causes crystal grain thick, and surface oxidation is serious, and energy loss is big.
Publication number is the method that the Chinese patent of CN 101817134A discloses a kind of ferrule piece short-flow casting and rolling composite forming; Though it is short that the method for this ferrule piece short-flow casting and rolling composite forming satisfies production procedure to a certain extent; Save the beneficial effect of the energy, material and manpower; But this method adopts centrifugal casting ring base, can't satisfy the processing request of complex section ring, and produces the instructions for use that the comprehensive mechanical property of the ferrule piece that obtains does not also reach extreme environment.
Given this; The present invention is intended to explore the rolling combined shaping method of the different cross section of a kind of mould steel large ring liquid forging; This method not only can simplify the mould steel large ring the blank-making technology flow process, reduce cost and enhance productivity; But also can effectively improve the microstructure state of alloy rings, improve comprehensive mechanical property.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is to propose the rolling combined shaping method of a kind of mould steel different cross section large ring liquid forging; This combined shaping method not only can simplify alloy rings the blank-making technology flow process, reduce cost and enhance productivity; But also can effectively improve the microstructure state of mould steel ring, improve comprehensive mechanical property.
Realize above-mentioned technical purpose, large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of mould steel of the present invention comprises melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing;
Said liquid forging is: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine; The mould steel solution that melting is obtained quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 1600-1650 ℃, and pressing speed is 30-60 mm/s; Filling time 1-6 s; Specific pressure 150-200 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 35-100 s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base;
Said waste heat ausrolling is: when the near whole cross section ring base after homogenising is cooled to 1000-1180 ℃, on the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle, carry out the waste heat ausrolling.
Further, after the mould steel melting was accomplished, with the external refining in ladle refining furnace of mould steel solution, and the temperature of external refining was 1600-1650 ℃;
Further; After being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine, when being preheated to 150-200 ℃, in the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating; Coating layer thickness 10-20 μ m continues the preheating liquid-state forging die to 350-400 ℃;
Further, said waste heat ausrolling comprises quick rolling expansion stage, stable rolling expansion stage successively, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and become the rounding shape stage, and the said quick rolling expansion stage is rolled over the axial feed velocity V of expansion during the stage with stablizing
AxiallyWith radial feed speed V
RadiallySatisfy V
Axially=0.5-0.6V
Radially, said deceleration is rolled over the expansion stage and is become rounding shape during the stage, and the not feeding of awl roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused, and when the external diameter that encircles base and finished product ring differed 30-50 mm, axial roll was lifted;
Further, the rolling mould and the blank temperature difference are ± 10 ℃;
Further, the radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle are selected to forge and are passed through the desired minimum amount of feeding and the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that pass allowed of nipping;
Further, said finishing is cold-finish;
Further, in the waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is 0.5-0.8 rad/s, and core roller feed speed is 1-30 mm/s;
Further; The cavity shape of said liquid-state forging die is similar with the shape of ring; When the design of liquid-state forging die; A side of choosing simple shape on the inside/outside cross section is as positioning reference plane; And the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base when rolling according to waste heat is provided with the die cavity of liquid-state forging die, and the closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring;
Further, the rolling rolling of said waste heat is expanded than>=1.4, the endoporus degree of eccentricity≤3 of the near whole cross section ring base after the controlled rolling °, the core bore dia>=330mm of the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging obtains.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The rolling combined shaping method of the different cross section of mould steel of the present invention large ring liquid forging adopt melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat rolling → technological process of heat treatment → finishing; This method is melting mould steel solution at first; Adopt liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base subsequently; And the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes the ring base to solidify, compare with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) lacks flow process, effectively enhance productivity;
2) no punching operation, the complex section of mould steel ring relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) liquid forging-ring base structural state significantly is superior to conventional cast ring base, is aided with follow-up hot rolling and processes the forging attitude modification that shape can fully guarantee to encircle the base material, obtains the tissue of fine and closely woven and homogenising;
4) finishing procedure effectively guarantees ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause the ring streamline to cut off significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
5) blank need not repeated heating, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing.
Therefore, large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of mould steel of the present invention is effectively simplified blank-making technology, and shortened process reduces cost, and boosts productivity and economic benefit, has huge development potentiality and broad prospect for its application.
The specific embodiment
Elaborate below in conjunction with the specific embodiment of specific embodiment to the rolling combined shaping method of the different cross section of mould steel of the present invention large ring liquid forging.
First embodiment
Large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of the mould steel of present embodiment comprises melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing, and the mould steel of present embodiment is 5CrNiMo.
Melting is: mould steel is carried out melting in melting furnace, after the mould steel melting was accomplished, with the external refining in ladle refining furnace of mould steel solution, and the temperature of present embodiment external refining was 1600 ℃.
Liquid forging is: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine; The mould steel solution that obtains after the melting quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 1600 ℃, and pressing speed is 30 mm/s; Filling time 6 s; Specific pressure 150 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 100s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base.Specific pressure is meant that liquid metal cools off the unit pressure of bearing under pressure.Preferably; After being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine, and when being preheated to 150 ℃, in the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating; Coating layer thickness 10 μ m; Continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 350 ℃, through in the liquid-state forging die die cavity, spraying one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, can be conveniently stripped.
Adopt liquid forging to process nearly whole cross section ring base, make 5CrNiMo mould steel crystallization, shaping and produce a small amount of plastic deformation under pressure, obtain dense internal organization, crystal grain is tiny, the high-quality liquid forging part of any surface finish.Liquid forging has following process characteristic:
1) liquid forging can be eliminated the inner pore of foundry goods, shrinkage cavity and defective such as loose, produces local plastic deformation, makes foundry goods dense structure;
2) liquid metal is shaped under pressure and solidifies, and foundry goods and die cavity wall are fitted closely, thereby the liquid forging part has higher surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy, and its rank can reach the level of die casting;
3) the liquid forging part is in process of setting, and each position is in compressive stress state, helps the feeding of foundry goods and prevents the generation of casting crack;
4) liquid forging process is fit to the complicated ring base in preparation cross section very much, can effectively reduce cost, and improves the stock utilization of ring.The liquid forging technology also has advantages such as technology is simple, foundry goods good mechanical property, production efficiency is high, cost is relatively low.
The waste heat ausrolling is: when the near whole cross section ring base after homogenising is cooled to 1000 ℃, on the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle, carry out the waste heat ausrolling.The waste heat ausrolling of present embodiment comprises quick rolling expansion stage, stable rolling expansion stage successively, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and become the rounding shape stage to be total to four-stage, rolles over the expansion stage fast and rolles over the axial feed velocity V of expansion during the stage with stablizing
AxiallyWith radial feed speed V
RadiallySatisfy V
Axially=0.5V
RadiallySlow down to roll over the expansion stage and becomes rounding shape during the stage, the not feeding of awl roller of a footpath compound machine for rolling ring is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused; When external diameter and the finished product ring of ring base differ 30mm; Axial roll is lifted, and in waste heat ausrolling process, the rolling mould and the blank temperature difference are ± 10 ℃.The rolling mould of present embodiment and the blank temperature difference are 0 ℃.The roll section groove of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is according to the design of ring product cross section, and with liquid-state forging die die cavity cross-sections match, and guarantee enough deformation extents and both couplings.The radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle are selected to forge and are passed through the desired minimum amount of feeding and the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that pass allowed of nipping.Preferably, in waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is 0.5rad/s, and core roller feed speed is 25mm/s.
Further, the finishing of present embodiment is cold-finish.
Further; The cavity shape of liquid-state forging die is similar with the shape of ring; When the design of liquid-state forging die, a side of choosing simple shape on the inside/outside cross section is as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base when rolling according to waste heat is provided with the die cavity of liquid-state forging die; Effectively avoid blank cross sectional shape complicacy to cause rolling initial stage ring base to contact, cause skidding or the problem of malocclusion with point/line between the roll.The closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring, and concrete size expands than confirms according to rolling over.
Further, the rolling rolling of waste heat is expanded than >=1.4, and the rolling of present embodiment is expanded than=1.4, has tangible circumferential fibers to guarantee final ring.The near whole cross section ring base endoporus degree of eccentricity of the endoporus degree of eccentricity≤3 ° present embodiment of the near whole cross section ring base after the controlled rolling is 1 °, guarantees terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, and the core bore dia>=330mm of base is encircled in the near whole cross section that liquid forging obtains.
The rolling combined shaping method of the different cross section of the mould steel of present embodiment large ring liquid forging adopt melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat rolling → technological process of heat treatment → finishing; This method is melting mould steel solution at first; Adopt liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base subsequently; And the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes the ring base to solidify, compare with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) lacks flow process, effectively enhance productivity;
2) no punching operation, the complex section of mould steel ring relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) liquid forging-ring base structural state significantly is superior to conventional cast ring base, is aided with follow-up hot rolling and processes the forging attitude modification that shape can fully guarantee to encircle the base material, obtains the tissue of fine and closely woven and homogenising;
4) finishing procedure effectively guarantees ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause the ring streamline to cut off significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
5) blank need not repeated heating, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing;
Therefore, large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of the mould steel of present embodiment is effectively simplified blank-making technology, and shortened process reduces cost, and boosts productivity and economic benefit, has huge development potentiality and broad prospect for its application.
Second embodiment
Large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of the mould steel of present embodiment comprises melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing, and the mould steel of present embodiment is 5CrMnMo.
Melting is: mould steel is carried out melting in melting furnace, after the mould steel melting was accomplished, with the external refining in ladle refining furnace of mould steel solution, and the temperature of present embodiment external refining was 1650 ℃.
Liquid forging is: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine; The mould steel solution that obtains after the melting quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 1650 ℃, and pressing speed is 60mm/s; Filling time 1 s; Specific pressure 200 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 35s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base.Preferably; After being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine, and when being preheated to 200 ℃, in the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating; Coating layer thickness 20 μ m; Continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 400 ℃, through in the liquid-state forging die die cavity, spraying one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, can be conveniently stripped.
Adopt liquid forging to process nearly whole cross section ring base, make 5CrMnMo mould steel crystallization, shaping and produce a small amount of plastic deformation under pressure, obtain dense internal organization, crystal grain is tiny, the high-quality liquid forging part of any surface finish.Liquid forging has following process characteristic:
1) liquid forging can be eliminated the inner pore of foundry goods, shrinkage cavity and defective such as loose, produces local plastic deformation, makes foundry goods dense structure;
2) liquid metal is shaped under pressure and solidifies, and foundry goods and die cavity wall are fitted closely, thereby the liquid forging part has higher surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy, and its rank can reach the level of die casting;
3) the liquid forging part is in process of setting, and each position is in compressive stress state, helps the feeding of foundry goods and prevents the generation of casting crack;
4) liquid forging process is fit to the complicated ring base in preparation cross section very much, can effectively reduce cost, and improves the stock utilization of ring.The liquid forging technology also has advantages such as technology is simple, foundry goods good mechanical property, production efficiency is high, cost is relatively low.
The waste heat ausrolling is: when the near whole cross section ring base after homogenising is handled is cooled to 1180 ℃, on the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle, carry out the waste heat ausrolling.The waste heat ausrolling of present embodiment comprises quick rolling expansion stage, stable rolling expansion stage successively, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and become the rounding shape stage to be total to four-stage, rolles over the expansion stage fast and rolles over the axial feed velocity V of expansion during the stage with stablizing
AxiallyWith radial feed speed V
RadiallySatisfy V
Axially=0.6V
RadiallySlow down to roll over the expansion stage and becomes rounding shape during the stage, the not feeding of awl roller of a footpath compound machine for rolling ring is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused; When external diameter and the finished product ring of ring base differ 50mm; Axial roll is lifted, and in waste heat ausrolling process, the rolling mould and the blank temperature difference are ± 10 ℃.The rolling mould of present embodiment and the blank temperature difference are 10 ℃.The roll section groove of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is according to the design of ring product cross section, and with liquid-state forging die die cavity cross-sections match, and guarantee enough deformation extents and both couplings.The radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle are selected to forge and are passed through the desired minimum amount of feeding and the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that pass allowed of nipping.Preferably, in waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is 0.8rad/s, and core roller feed speed is 30mm/s.
Further, the finishing of present embodiment is cold-finish.
Further; The cavity shape of liquid-state forging die is similar with the shape of ring; When the design of liquid-state forging die, a side of choosing simple shape on the inside/outside cross section is as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base when rolling according to waste heat is provided with the die cavity of liquid-state forging die; Effectively avoid blank cross sectional shape complicacy to cause rolling initial stage ring base to contact, cause skidding or the problem of malocclusion with point/line between the roll.The closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring, and concrete size expands than confirms according to rolling over.
Further, the rolling rolling of waste heat is expanded than >=1.4, and the rolling of present embodiment is expanded than=3, has tangible circumferential fibers to guarantee final ring.The near whole cross section ring base endoporus degree of eccentricity of the endoporus degree of eccentricity≤3 ° present embodiment of the near whole cross section ring base after the controlled rolling is 2 °, guarantees terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, and the core bore dia>=330mm of base is encircled in the near whole cross section that liquid forging obtains.
The rolling combined shaping method of the different cross section of the mould steel of present embodiment large ring liquid forging adopt melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat rolling → technological process of heat treatment → finishing; This method is melting mould steel solution at first; Adopt liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base subsequently; And the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes the ring base to solidify, compare with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) lacks flow process, effectively enhance productivity;
2) no punching operation, the complex section of mould steel ring relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) liquid forging-ring base structural state significantly is superior to conventional cast ring base, is aided with follow-up hot rolling and processes the forging attitude modification that shape can fully guarantee to encircle the base material, obtains the tissue of fine and closely woven and homogenising;
4) finishing procedure effectively guarantees ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause the ring streamline to cut off significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
5) blank need not repeated heating, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing;
Therefore, large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of the mould steel of present embodiment is effectively simplified blank-making technology, and shortened process reduces cost, and boosts productivity and economic benefit, has huge development potentiality and broad prospect for its application.
The 3rd embodiment
Large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of the mould steel of present embodiment comprises melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing, and the mould steel of present embodiment is 5CrNiMo.
Melting is: mould steel is carried out melting in melting furnace, after the mould steel melting was accomplished, with the external refining in ladle refining furnace of mould steel solution, and the temperature of present embodiment external refining was 1640 ℃.
Liquid forging is: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine; The mould steel solution that obtains after the melting quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 1620 ℃, and pressing speed is 35mm/s; Filling time 5 s; Specific pressure 180 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 50s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base.Preferably; After being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine, and when being preheated to 180 ℃, in the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating; Coating layer thickness 15 μ m; Continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 350 ℃, through in the liquid-state forging die die cavity, spraying one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, can be conveniently stripped.
Adopt liquid forging to process nearly whole cross section ring base, make 5CrNiMo mould steel crystallization, shaping and produce a small amount of plastic deformation under pressure, obtain dense internal organization, crystal grain is tiny, the high-quality liquid forging part of any surface finish.Liquid forging has following process characteristic:
1) liquid forging can be eliminated the inner pore of foundry goods, shrinkage cavity and defective such as loose, produces local plastic deformation, makes foundry goods dense structure;
2) liquid metal is shaped under pressure and solidifies, and foundry goods and die cavity wall are fitted closely, thereby the liquid forging part has higher surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy, and its rank can reach the level of die casting;
3) the liquid forging part is in process of setting, and each position is in compressive stress state, helps the feeding of foundry goods and prevents the generation of casting crack;
4) liquid forging process is fit to the complicated ring base in preparation cross section very much, can effectively reduce cost, and improves the stock utilization of ring.The liquid forging technology also has advantages such as technology is simple, foundry goods good mechanical property, production efficiency is high, cost is relatively low.
The waste heat ausrolling is: when the near whole cross section ring base after homogenising is cooled to 1080 ℃, on the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle, carry out the waste heat ausrolling.The waste heat ausrolling of present embodiment comprises quick rolling expansion stage, stable rolling expansion stage successively, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and become the rounding shape stage to be total to four-stage, rolles over the expansion stage fast and rolles over the axial feed velocity V of expansion during the stage with stablizing
AxiallyWith radial feed speed V
RadiallySatisfy V
Axially=0.55V
RadiallySlow down to roll over the expansion stage and becomes rounding shape during the stage, the not feeding of awl roller of a footpath compound machine for rolling ring is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused; When external diameter and the finished product ring of ring base differ 40mm; Axial roll is lifted, and in waste heat ausrolling process, the rolling mould and the blank temperature difference are ± 10 ℃.The rolling mould of present embodiment and the blank temperature difference are-10 ℃.The roll section groove of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is according to the design of ring product cross section, and with liquid-state forging die die cavity cross-sections match, and guarantee enough deformation extents and both couplings.The radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle are selected to forge and are passed through the desired minimum amount of feeding and the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that pass allowed of nipping.Preferably, in waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is 0.7rad/s, and core roller feed speed is 1mm/s.
Further, the finishing of present embodiment is cold-finish.
Further; The cavity shape of liquid-state forging die is similar with the shape of ring; When the design of liquid-state forging die, a side of choosing simple shape on the inside/outside cross section is as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base when rolling according to waste heat is provided with the die cavity of liquid-state forging die; Effectively avoid blank cross sectional shape complicacy to cause rolling initial stage ring base to contact, cause skidding or the problem of malocclusion with point/line between the roll.The closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring, and concrete size expands than confirms according to rolling over.
Further, the rolling rolling of waste heat is expanded than >=1.4, and the rolling of present embodiment is expanded than=2, has tangible circumferential fibers to guarantee final ring.The endoporus degree of eccentricity≤3 of the near whole cross section ring base after the controlled rolling °, the near whole cross section ring base endoporus degree of eccentricity of present embodiment is 3 °, guarantees terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, the core bore dia>=330mm of base is encircled in the near whole cross section that liquid forging obtains.
The rolling combined shaping method of the different cross section of the mould steel of present embodiment large ring liquid forging adopt melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat rolling → technological process of heat treatment → finishing; This method is melting mould steel solution at first; Adopt liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base subsequently; And the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes the ring base to solidify, compare with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) lacks flow process, effectively enhance productivity;
2) no punching operation, the complex section of mould steel ring relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) liquid forging-ring base structural state significantly is superior to conventional cast ring base, is aided with follow-up hot rolling and processes the forging attitude modification that shape can fully guarantee to encircle the base material, obtains the tissue of fine and closely woven and homogenising;
4) finishing procedure effectively guarantees ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause the ring streamline to cut off significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
5) blank need not repeated heating, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing;
Therefore, large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of the mould steel of present embodiment is effectively simplified blank-making technology, and shortened process reduces cost, and boosts productivity and economic benefit, has huge development potentiality and broad prospect for its application.
The 4th embodiment
Large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of the mould steel of present embodiment comprises melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing, and the mould steel of present embodiment is 5CrMnMo.
Melting is: mould steel is carried out melting in melting furnace, after the mould steel melting was accomplished, with the external refining in ladle refining furnace of mould steel solution, and the temperature of present embodiment external refining was 1640 ℃.
Liquid forging is: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine; The mould steel solution that obtains after the melting quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 1630 ℃, and pressing speed is 55 mm/s; Filling time 3 s; Specific pressure 170 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 80s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base.Preferably; After being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine, and when being preheated to 180 ℃, in the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating; Coating layer thickness 15 μ m; Continue preheating liquid-state forging die to 360 ℃, through in the liquid-state forging die die cavity, spraying one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, can be conveniently stripped.
Adopt liquid forging to process nearly whole cross section ring base, make 5CrMnMo mould steel crystallization, shaping and produce a small amount of plastic deformation under pressure, obtain dense internal organization, crystal grain is tiny, the high-quality liquid forging part of any surface finish.Liquid forging has following process characteristic:
1) liquid forging can be eliminated the inner pore of foundry goods, shrinkage cavity and defective such as loose, produces local plastic deformation, makes foundry goods dense structure;
2) liquid metal is shaped under pressure and solidifies, and foundry goods and die cavity wall are fitted closely, thereby the liquid forging part has higher surface smoothness and dimensional accuracy, and its rank can reach the level of die casting;
3) the liquid forging part is in process of setting, and each position is in compressive stress state, helps the feeding of foundry goods and prevents the generation of casting crack;
4) liquid forging process is fit to the complicated ring base in preparation cross section very much, can effectively reduce cost, and improves the stock utilization of ring.The liquid forging technology also has advantages such as technology is simple, foundry goods good mechanical property, production efficiency is high, cost is relatively low.
The waste heat ausrolling is: when the near whole cross section ring base after homogenising is cooled to 1100 ℃, on the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle, carry out the waste heat ausrolling.The waste heat ausrolling of present embodiment comprises quick rolling expansion stage, stable rolling expansion stage successively, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and become the rounding shape stage to be total to four-stage, rolles over the expansion stage fast and rolles over the axial feed velocity V of expansion during the stage with stablizing
AxiallyWith radial feed speed V
RadiallySatisfy V
Axially=0.55V
RadiallySlow down to roll over the expansion stage and becomes rounding shape during the stage, the not feeding of awl roller of a footpath compound machine for rolling ring is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused; When external diameter and the finished product ring of ring base differ 40mm; Axial roll is lifted, and in waste heat ausrolling process, the rolling mould and the blank temperature difference are ± 10 ℃.The rolling mould of present embodiment and the blank temperature difference are 0 ℃.The roll section groove of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is according to the design of ring product cross section, and with liquid-state forging die die cavity cross-sections match, and guarantee enough deformation extents and both couplings.The radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle are selected to forge and are passed through the desired minimum amount of feeding and the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that pass allowed of nipping.Preferably, in waste heat ausrolling process, the home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is 0.6rad/s, and core roller feed speed is 10mm/s.
Further, the finishing of present embodiment is cold-finish.
Further; The cavity shape of liquid-state forging die is similar with the shape of ring; When the design of liquid-state forging die, a side of choosing simple shape on the inside/outside cross section is as positioning reference plane, and the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base when rolling according to waste heat is provided with the die cavity of liquid-state forging die; Effectively avoid blank cross sectional shape complicacy to cause rolling initial stage ring base to contact, cause skidding or the problem of malocclusion with point/line between the roll.The closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring, and concrete size expands than confirms according to rolling over.
Further, the rolling rolling of waste heat is expanded than >=1.4, and the rolling of present embodiment is expanded than=1.5, has tangible circumferential fibers to guarantee final ring.The endoporus degree of eccentricity≤3 of the near whole cross section ring base after the controlled rolling °, the near whole cross section ring base endoporus degree of eccentricity of present embodiment is 3 °, guarantees terminal ring base geometric accuracy and weight precision, the core bore dia>=330mm of base is encircled in the near whole cross section that liquid forging obtains.
The rolling combined shaping method of the different cross section of the mould steel of present embodiment large ring liquid forging adopt melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat rolling → technological process of heat treatment → finishing; This method is melting mould steel solution at first; Adopt liquid forging process to obtain nearly whole cross section ring base subsequently; And the direct rolling forming of waste heat that utilizes the ring base to solidify, compare with traditional handicraft, have the following advantages:
1) lacks flow process, effectively enhance productivity;
2) no punching operation, the complex section of mould steel ring relies on liquid-state forging die and roll pass common guarantee, significantly improves stock utilization, realizes near-net forming;
3) liquid forging-ring base structural state significantly is superior to conventional cast ring base, is aided with follow-up hot rolling and processes the forging attitude modification that shape can fully guarantee to encircle the base material, obtains the tissue of fine and closely woven and homogenising;
4) finishing procedure effectively guarantees ring sectional dimension and surface accuracy, and the problem of avoiding machined to cause the ring streamline to cut off significantly improves comprehensive mechanical property;
5) blank need not repeated heating, and energy-saving and emission-reduction realize green manufacturing;
Therefore, large ring liquid forging rolling combined shaping method in the different cross section of the mould steel of present embodiment is effectively simplified blank-making technology, and shortened process reduces cost, and boosts productivity and economic benefit, has huge development potentiality and broad prospect for its application.
Explanation is at last; Above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; Although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention is specified, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention; And not breaking away from the aim and the scope of technical scheme of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the rolling combined shaping method of the different cross section of mould steel large ring liquid forging is characterized in that: comprise melting → liquid forging → homogenising → waste heat ausrolling → heat treatment → finishing;
Said liquid forging is: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine; The mould steel solution that melting is obtained quantitatively is poured in the liquid-state forging die, and pouring temperature is 1600-1650 ℃, and pressing speed is 30-60 mm/s; Filling time 1-6 s; Specific pressure 150-200 MPa, and under this pressure pressurize 35-100 s, obtain nearly whole cross section ring base;
Said waste heat ausrolling is: when the near whole cross section ring base after homogenising is handled is cooled to 1000-1180 ℃, on the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle, carry out the waste heat ausrolling.
2. the rolling combined shaping method of mould steel according to claim 1 different cross section large ring liquid forging; It is characterized in that: after the mould steel melting is accomplished; Mould steel solution is carried out external refining in ladle refining furnace, and the temperature of external refining is 1600-1650 ℃.
3. the rolling combined shaping method of mould steel according to claim 1 different cross section large ring liquid forging; It is characterized in that: after being fixed in liquid-state forging die on the indirect extrusion casting machine; When being preheated to 150-200 ℃; In the liquid-state forging die die cavity, evenly spray one deck yttrium oxide base refractory coating, coating layer thickness 10-20 μ m continues the preheating liquid-state forging die to 350-400 ℃.
4. the rolling combined shaping method of mould steel according to claim 1 different cross section large ring liquid forging; It is characterized in that: said waste heat ausrolling comprises quick rolling expansion stage, stable rolling expansion stage successively, slows down and roll over the expansion stage and become the rounding shape stage, and the said quick rolling expansion stage is rolled over the axial feed velocity V of expansion during the stage with stablizing
AxiallyWith radial feed speed V
RadiallySatisfy V
Axially=0.5-0.6V
Radially, said deceleration is rolled over the expansion stage and is become rounding shape during the stage, and the not feeding of awl roller of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is only rollingly spreaded owing to what radial rolling caused, and when the external diameter that encircles base and finished product ring differed 30-50 mm, axial roll was lifted.
5. the rolling combined shaping method of mould steel according to claim 4 different cross section large ring liquid forging, it is characterized in that: the rolling mould and the blank temperature difference are ± 10 ℃.
6. the rolling combined shaping method of mould steel according to claim 4 different cross section large ring liquid forging is characterized in that: the radial feeds of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle are selected to forge and are passed through the desired minimum amount of feeding and the smaller value between the maximum amount of feeding that pass allowed of nipping.
7. the rolling combined shaping method of mould steel according to claim 1 different cross section large ring liquid forging, it is characterized in that: said finishing is cold-finish.
8. the rolling combined shaping method of mould steel according to claim 1 different cross section large ring liquid forging; It is characterized in that: in the waste heat ausrolling process; The home roll rotating speed of the compound machine for rolling ring of footpath axle is 0.5-0.8 rad/s, and core roller feed speed is 1-30 mm/s.
9. according to the rolling combined shaping method of each different cross section of described mould steel large ring liquid forging of claim 1-8; It is characterized in that: the cavity shape of said liquid-state forging die is similar with the shape of ring; When the design of liquid-state forging die; A side of choosing simple shape on the inside/outside cross section is as positioning reference plane; And the shape that roll contacts with nearly whole cross section ring base when rolling according to waste heat is provided with the die cavity of liquid-state forging die, and the closed size of liquid-state forging die die cavity is compared with the final sectional dimension of ring: the radial dimension of liquid-state forging die is greater than the radial dimension of ring, and the axial dimension of liquid-state forging die is less than the radial dimension of ring.
10. the rolling combined shaping method of mould steel according to claim 1 different cross section large ring liquid forging; It is characterized in that: the rolling rolling of said waste heat is expanded than>=1.4; The endoporus degree of eccentricity≤3 of the near whole cross section ring base after the controlled rolling °, the core bore dia>=330mm of the near whole cross section ring base that liquid forging obtains.
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