CN102683864B - Four-ridge-type broad band feed source - Google Patents

Four-ridge-type broad band feed source Download PDF

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CN102683864B
CN102683864B CN201210148649.9A CN201210148649A CN102683864B CN 102683864 B CN102683864 B CN 102683864B CN 201210148649 A CN201210148649 A CN 201210148649A CN 102683864 B CN102683864 B CN 102683864B
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feed
ridge
wall
formula
function
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CN102683864A (en
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董宾
韩金林
于京龙
庞峰
李建斌
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National Astronomical Observatories of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a four-ridge-type broad band feed source which comprises a feed source outer wall and a base, wherein the envelope of the feed source outer wall is a shaped curvilinear function; an oral surface adapter is overloaded on the radiating surface of the feed source outer wall; a high-order model inhibition loop is installed on the bottom in the feed source outer wall; four ridge sheets are installed in the feed source water wall with equal angle, and the envelope of each ridge sheet is a shaped curvilinear function; the edge of one end of each bridge sheet is of a seamed edge structure, one end of the seamed edge structure of two adjacent bridge sheets is provided with a through hole running through the widths of the bridge sheets, and a connecting element passes through the through hole, and is connected with the other corresponding bridge sheet; one end of each of the seamed edge structures of four bridge sheets is installed in the high-order model inhibition loop, and a working interval is arranged among the four bridge sheets; the height of each ridge sheet is gradually increased from one end of the seamed edge structure to the front part of each ridge sheet, and the height and axial dimension of the feed source are gradually increased; and a reflection cavity is formed on the base towards the feed source outer wall direction. The four-ridge-type broad band feed source provided by the invention can be well used as a broad band feed source in radio astronomy.

Description

A kind of four ridge broadband feeds
Technical field
The invention belongs to the microwave device in radio astronomy, relate to particularly a kind of four ridge broadband feeds.
Background technology
Radio wavelength band is that first that open outside traditional optical wave band spied out the window in universe.In the Nobel Prize in physics of 10 astronomy researchs, radio astronomy has been achieved 6: interstellar molecule spectral line, pulsar, binary pulsar, 3K microwave background radiation, microwave background Anistropic imaging, aperture synthesis imaging technique etc.Radio astronomy has been found the radio storm on 21 centimetres of spectral lines of neutral hydrogen (HI), interspace non-theramal radiation, radio galaxy, relativistic jet flow, gravitational lens, black hole evidence, protogalaxy, giant molecular cloud(GMC), interspace maser, protostar, extrasolar planetary system system and the sun and Venus etc.The forefront problems such as radio astronomy observation is current for studying the advanced problems of various celestial bodies, sudden and violent (the Gravitational wave bursts) detection of particularly dark matter distribution, black-hole physcis, universe dark energy character, gravitational wave and gravitation.
Radio telescope is the basic tool of radio astronomy research.Radio telescope is comprised of huge reflector antenna, the feed that overlaps different-waveband and receiver system and the corresponding digital back-end system of one side substantially.Traditional feed bandwidth is narrower, is that radio telescope bandwidth is difficult to the restraining factors that improve.
Traditional feed device conventionally adopts the feed of dipole element type compared with low-frequency range below 1GHz, and the lifting of its bandwidth is mainly subject to the restriction of the narrower loss characteristic of element antenna and pattern characteristics; More than 1GHz, conventionally adopt the horn antenna structure of metal master, the lifting of its bandwidth is to be mainly subject to directional diagram in the deterioration of high frequency and the restriction of band-limited orthogonal modes polarizer.
In recent years, radio astronomy has proposed urgent demand to the scope of ultra broadband, and broadband is considered to the important indicator that radio astronomy scope of future generation should possess.Wider observation bandwidth is the important channel of improving telescope sensitivity, and the observation instrument in broadband has also improved the utilance of equipment greatly because of its scope of having integrated a plurality of wave bands.The radio observation in broadband can greatly promote the innovation of astronomical forward position, and radio astronomical research itself is had to very unique meaning:
1, radio source is carried out to wide band observation, thereby can directly measure its frequency spectrum;
2, many spectral lines are observed simultaneously, thereby contributed to determine the physical property in radio radiation district;
3, improve the weak source detectivity of pulsar particularly;
4, improve short pulse source is particularly showed to the Research Ability in source (transition source) temporarily.
Broadband feed is key and the bottleneck place of all broadband radio astronomy scopes, feed equipment is as the Primary Component that connects large antenna and receiver, to collect as far as possible equably from the electromagnetic wave of reflector focus low-loss be translated into voltage signal, need to meet many-sided technical indicator, so the design of broadband feed is a challenging task.
The ripple type horn feed function admirable of extensively equipping in current radio telescope, but can only reach the relative bandwidth of 2.2: 1.In order further to expand bandwidth to 5: 1 more than 10: 1 level even, has started numerous trials in recent years in the world.
The ATA array telescope of the U.S. has been equipped the broadband feed that a kind of structure is similar to logarithm periodic antenna, can in the ultra broadband of 23: 1, realize the reflection loss of be better than-14dB, its illumination beamwidth is also relatively constant simultaneously, yet because the phase center of ATA feed exists obvious fluctuation, need to design the position that extra mechanical device changes its distributing point, so also destroy the broadband observing capacity of simultaneity.The Eleven[R.Olsson developing subsequently, P.-S.Kildal, and S.Weinreb, " The Eleven Antenna:a Compact Low-profile Decade Bandwidth Dual Polarized Feed for Reflector Antennas ", IEEE Trans.On Antennas Propagation., vol.54, no.2, pp.368-375, the type broadband feed such as 2005.], phase center to ATA feed improves, yet standing-wave ratio aberrations in property, the feed of the type need to design extra wideband balun simultaneously, can further increase system loss and design, difficulty of processing, cannot meet the demand of radio astronomy observation to high performance device.
It is to adopt four ridge loudspeaker that the another one of broadband feed realizes approach, traditional quadruple ridged horn loss is difficult to greatly meet radio astronomy occasion to the highly sensitive requirement of device, directional diagram with frequency fluctuation conference seriously reduce the illumination efficiency of feed in broadband, phase center not steadily, cross polarization is bigger than normal.Prior, the primaryt beam of four traditional ridge feeds is placed in the middle, between 30 °～60 °, is only relatively suitable as in the reflector antenna of offset-fed structure greatly, and is difficult to promote the use of in a large amount of main Jiao who exists and the burnt reflector antenna of card.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of four ridge broadband feeds, can be better as the broadband feed in radio astronomy.
For achieving the above object, four ridge broadband feeds provided by the invention, include feed outer wall and base, wherein:
The envelope of feed outer wall is the curvilinear function of a figuration;
The radiating surface of feed outer wall is loaded with actinal surface adapter;
Bottom in feed outer wall is provided with higher modes and suppresses ring;
Four ridge sheets, are arranged on to equal angles the inside of feed outer wall, and the envelope of each ridge sheet is the curvilinear function of a figuration;
Its edge, one end of each ridge sheet is seamed edge structure, and wherein one end of the seamed edge structure of two adjacent ridge sheets is provided with the through hole that runs through ridge sheet width, and a connection piece connects with another corresponding ridge sheet through through hole;
Seamed edge structure one end of four ridge sheets is arranged on higher modes and suppresses, in ring, have a workplace distance between four ridge sheets; The height of each ridge sheet is uprised to ridge sheet front portion gradually by seamed edge structure one end, and this height is linear increment relation with feed axial dimension;
Base offers reflection cavity towards feed outer wall direction.
Four described ridge broadband feeds, wherein, the envelope curve of feed outer wall is Shape design, it is characterized in that: along with opening gradually of feed mouth, the speed of opening of its actinal surface presents the trend of accelerating gradually.It can be the function of the types such as exponential type function, ellipse function, hyperbolic cotangent function or other; Wherein:
Formula when A) envelope curve of feed outer wall is exponential type function, for example:
y ( x ) = a 1 + b 1 e b 2 x + c 1 ( x / l 1 ) n Formula 1
In formula 1:
X is the axial value of feed, and y is the vertical range of feed outer wall and axial straight line;
A 1+ b 1be the caliber size of feed end, be conventionally taken as 0.47 λ l(λ lfor the maximum wavelength value in working band);
B 1be the spacing of two relative ridge sheets, ridge sheet spacing is conventionally taken as and is slightly less than 1mm relatively;
C 1with n be the function that feed outer wall envelope is finely tuned, between directional diagram constancy and bandwidth performance, select, value is between (5 ,+5);
L 1the length of feed outer wall, b 2be the enveloping curvature of feed outer wall, these two parameters have determined the numerical value at the edge light angle of feed.For the feed of different illumination angles, its l 1, b 2value is by the diameter D of a definite radiation actinal surface (being the place of dehiscing of Feed Horn maximum) 1the feed of large illumination angle restricts, therefore need to be designed to shorter feed length l 1comparatively precipitous enveloping curvature b 2, the feed of little illumination angle needs to adopt longer feed length l 1the enveloping curvature b comparatively releiving 2, D 1value can be estimated by formula below:
D 1 = p mn , λ c π = p 01 , λ c π = 2.405 λ c 3.14 = 077 λ c ≈ 1.38 λ L
Formula when B) envelope curve of feed outer wall is ellipse function, for example:
x(t)＝R xcos?t+x 0
Y (x)=R ysin t+y 0+ a 3formula 2
In formula 2:
R xfor elliptic function is in the axial axial length of x;
R ythe axial length of elliptic function on y direction of principal axis;
X 0, y 0and a 3all envelope to be carried out to the parameter of inching;
Or
Formula when C) envelope curve of feed outer wall is hyperbolic cotangent function, for example:
y ( x ) = a 1 ( e a 2 x + e - a 2 x ) / ( e a 2 x - e - a 2 x ) + b ( l 1 - x ) / l 1 + c ( x / l 1 ) n Formula 3
In formula 3
X is the axial value of feed;
Y is the vertical range of feed outer wall and axial straight line;
A 1it is the important decision parameter of caliber size of feed end;
B is the spacing of two relative ridge sheets;
C and n are the functions that feed outer wall envelope is finely tuned, and between directional diagram constancy and bandwidth performance, select, and value is between (5 ,+5);
L 1the length of feed outer wall;
A2 is for adjusting the parameter of hyperbolic cotangent function rate variation.
Four described ridge broadband feeds, wherein, the elliptical shaft of actinal surface adapter ratio is that 2: 1, major axis are that 1/4 wavelength and elliptic function are 90 °～135 ° angles.
Four described ridge broadband feeds, wherein, the inside radius that higher modes suppress ring is 80% of feed exterior radius, the height that higher modes suppress ring is 3% of feed entire length.
Four described ridge broadband feeds, wherein, the envelope curve of ridge sheet is the type function such as exponential line type function, ellipse function or hyperbolic cotangent; Wherein:
A) envelope curve of ridge sheet is the formula of exponential line type function, for example:
y = a 1 e a 2 x + b ( l 1 - x ) / l 1 + c ( x / l 1 ) n Formula 4
In formula 4:
X is the axial value of feed, and y is the vertical range of ridge sheet envelope and axial straight line;
A 1+ b is relative two ridge sheets spacing endways;
L 1for the length of ridge sheet, the length of the length of ridge sheet and feed outer wall is equal to completely;
C and n are the parameters that the degree of releiving of ridge sheet expansion is finely tuned, value is between 1.5-3, by these two parameters, can suitably revise exponential envelope, make feed obtain good compromise between many-sided performances such as illumination subtended angle, bandwidth of operation, reflection loss;
B) envelope curve of ridge sheet is the formula of ellipse function, for example:
x(t)＝R xcos?t+x 0
Y (x)=R ysin t+y 0+ a 3formula 5
In formula 5:
R xfor elliptic function is in the axial axial length of x;
R ythe axial length of elliptic function on y direction of principal axis;
X 0, y 0and a 3all envelope to be carried out to the parameter of inching;
Or
C) envelope curve of ridge sheet is the formula of hyperbolic cotangent function, for example:
y ( x ) = a 1 ( e a 2 x + e - a 2 x ) / ( e a 2 x - e - a 2 x ) + b ( l 1 - x ) / l 1 + c ( x / l 1 ) n Formula 6
In formula 6:
X is the axial value of feed, and y is the vertical range of ridge sheet envelope and axial straight line;
A 1, b is relative two ridge sheets spacing endways;
C is the size of the waveguide bore of feed end;
L 1for the length of ridge sheet, the length of the length of ridge sheet and feed outer wall is equal to completely;
N is the slow degree of urgency that ridge sheet launches, and value is between 1.5-3;
A2 is for adjusting the parameter of hyperbolic cotangent function rate variation.
Four described ridge broadband feeds, wherein, the gradual change of ridge sheet is highly the functional forms such as linear function, power function, ellipse function or hyperbolic cotangent function; Wherein:
A) gradual change of ridge sheet is highly the formula of linear function, for example:
Z (x)=h 1+ h 1(a 1x/l 1) formula 7
In formula 7:
X is the axial value of feed;
Z (x) is that the central crestal surface of ridge sheet is at the height of corresponding axial location;
H 1that this value is taken as 0.05 λ conventionally with the height of the central crestal surface of the ridge sheet of seamed edge structure lleft and right (λ lfor the maximum wavelength value in working band);
A 1that this speed broadening highly is gradually controlled parameter, a 1value is generally 1-10;
L 1for the total length of ridge sheet, identical with the total length of feed outer wall;
Formula when B) gradual change of ridge sheet is highly power function, for example:
Z (x)=h 1+ h 1(a 1x n/ l 1 n) formula 8
In formula 8:
N is the power exponent of independent variable x, for being greater than 1 integer;
X is the axial value of feed;
Z (x) is that the central crestal surface of ridge sheet is at the height of corresponding axial location;
H 1that this value is taken as 0.05 λ conventionally with the height of the central crestal surface of the ridge sheet of seamed edge structure l(λ up and down lfor the maximum wavelength value in working band);
A 1that this speed broadening highly is gradually controlled parameter, a 1value is 1-10;
L 1for the total length of ridge sheet, identical with the total length of feed outer wall;
C) gradual change of ridge sheet is highly the formula of exponential function, for example:
Z ( x ) = h 1 + h 1 ( a 1 e a 2 x / e a 2 l 1 ) Formula 9
In formula 9:
X is the axial value of feed;
Z (x) is that the central crestal surface of ridge sheet is at the height of corresponding axial location;
H 1that this value is taken as 0.05 λ conventionally with the height of the central crestal surface of the ridge sheet of seamed edge structure l(λ up and down lfor the maximum wavelength value in working band);
A 1that this speed broadening highly is gradually controlled parameter, a 1value is 1-10;
A 2it is the parameter that exponential function is regulated with the rate of rise of x;
L 1for the total length of ridge sheet, identical with the total length of feed outer wall;
D) gradual change of ridge sheet is highly the formula of hyperbolic cotangent function, for example:
Z (x)=h 1+ h 1(a 1coth (a 2x)/coth (a 2l 1)) formula 10
In formula 10:
X is the axial value of feed;
Z (x) is that the central crestal surface of ridge sheet is at the height of corresponding axial location;
H 1that this value is taken as 0.05 λ conventionally with the height of the central crestal surface of the ridge sheet of seamed edge structure l(λ up and down lfor the maximum wavelength value in working band);
A 1that this speed broadening highly is gradually controlled parameter, a 1value is 1-10;
A 2it is the parameter that hyperbolic cotangent function is regulated with the rate of rise of x;
L 1for the total length of ridge sheet, identical with the total length of feed outer wall.
Four described ridge broadband feeds, wherein, the angle of four ridge sheet seamed edge structures is 30 °-60 °.
Four described ridge broadband feeds, wherein, the reflection cavity on base is coniform.
Four described ridge broadband feeds, wherein, connector is a cylindrical needle, its length is the spacing of two relative ridge sheets; In one end of cylindrical needle, be changeover portion, the other end of cylindrical needle and relative ridge sheet firm welding; The SMA probe of the other end of changeover portion and standard matches; In connector the diameter of cylindrical needle be changeover portion diameter 1-2 doubly.
The present invention, in traditional theory that adds ridge broad-band antenna, provides a kind of ridge broadband Feed Design scheme that adds, and can in more than 5: 1 bandwidth, obtain good matching performance, and its compact dimensions, does not need extra polarizer.Improved greatly the fluctuation of feed impedance real part, imaginary part, thus the reflection loss characteristic of can obtain-20dB.Its primary pattery regularity is good, little with frequency fluctuation, the trend that is not prone to distinguish and narrows down at high frequency.This feed can obtain 70 ° of above large angle beamwidths, and this can be applied in main Jiao's reflection surface system.Whole efficiency of the present invention can reach 60% left and right, can be applied to radio astronomy, military radar and commercial communication in interior numerous application scenarios.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is four ridge broadband feed generalized sections of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that ridge sheet height of the present invention uprises schematic diagram gradually by seamed edge structure one end to ridge sheet front portion.
Fig. 3 is the schematic perspective view of Fig. 2; In Fig. 3, along X coordinate, refer to the length of ridge sheet, refer to the width of ridge sheet along Y coordinate, Z-direction refers to the height of ridge sheet.
Fig. 4 adopts the reflection loss after ridge sheet of the present invention to improve schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 a adopts the high frequency direction figure of the traditional ridge sheet trend schematic diagram that narrows down, and Fig. 5 b adopts high frequency direction figure after the ridge sheet of the present invention trend that narrows down to improve schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 a-Fig. 6 i be the feed outer wall of figuration of the present invention to the constant three-dimensional figure of wave beam, its operating frequency is sequentially 2GHz-10GHz.
Fig. 7 a, b, c are the two-dimensional directional figure of the feed outer wall of figuration of the present invention to wave beam constant return, and its operating frequency is sequentially 2GHz-10GHz.
Fig. 8 a is the schematic three dimensional views that feed outer wall does not load the directional diagram of actinal surface adapter, Fig. 8 b is the schematic three dimensional views that feed outer wall is loaded with the directional diagram of actinal surface adapter, Fig. 8 c is the two-dimentional comparison diagram of the directional diagram of phi=90 ° of face after feed outer wall does not load actinal surface adapter, and Fig. 8 d is the two-dimentional comparison diagram of the directional diagram of feed outer wall phi=90 ° of face being loaded with actinal surface adapter.
Fig. 9 a is that higher modes of the present invention suppress ring structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 b does not load the high frequency direction figure that higher modes suppress ring.
Fig. 9 c loads the high frequency direction figure that higher modes suppress ring.
Figure 10 offers the schematic diagram of reflection cavity on the base of the present invention's four ridge broadband feeds.
Figure 11 is that the present invention connects the connector schematic diagram that ridge sheet is used.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of four ridge broadband Feed Design schemes, can be better as the broadband feed in reflector antenna.
The overall structure of feed of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, is comprised of feed outer wall 10 and base 20.The horn-like envelope curve of feed outer wall 10 is Shape design, it is characterized in that: along with opening gradually of feed mouth, the speed of opening of its actinal surface presents the trend of accelerating gradually.This envelope curve can be the type function such as exponential type function, ellipse function, hyperbolic cotangent function or other.If exponential type function, form below for example:
y ( x ) = a 1 + b 1 e b 2 x + c 1 ( x / l 1 ) n
Wherein x is the axial value of feed, and y is the vertical range of feed outer wall inner side and axial straight line.A 1+ b 1determine the caliber size of feed end.B 1determining the fine pitch of relative two ridge sheets, is the important parameter that regulates feed matching performance.C 1with n be the function that outer wall envelope is finely tuned, the selection that can compromise between directional diagram constancy and bandwidth performance, its value is conventionally between (5 ,+5).B2 characterizes the slow degree of urgency of feed outer wall, changes outer wall envelope faster and contributes to maintain the constancy of primaryt beam on wideband, and change slower outer wall envelope, contributes to obtain the wide bandwidth of trying one's best, and needs the consideration of compromising in actual design.L 1the length of feed outer wall, l 1with b 2two parameters have determined the numerical value at the edge light angle of feed.For the feed of different illumination angles, its l 1, b 2value is by definite radiation actinal surface (being the place of dehiscing of a Feed Horn maximum) diameter D 1the feed of large illumination angle restricts, therefore need to be designed to shorter feed length l 1comparatively precipitous enveloping curvature b 2, the feed of little illumination angle needs to adopt longer feed length l 1the enveloping curvature b comparatively releiving 2, D 1value can be estimated by formula below:
D 1 = p mn , λ c π = p 01 , λ c π = 2.405 λ c 3.14 = 0.77 λ c ≈ 1.38 λ L
For example, while adopting the outer wall envelope of ellipse functional form:
x(t)＝R xcos?t+x 0
y(x)＝R ysin?t+y 0+a 3
R wherein xfor elliptic function is at the axial axial length of x, R ythe axial length of elliptic function on y direction of principal axis, x 0, y 0and a 3all envelope to be carried out to the parameter of inching;
Adopt the outer wall envelope of hyperbolic cotangent functional form, for example:
y ( x ) = a 1 ( e a 2 x + e - a 2 x ) / ( e a 2 x - e - a 2 x ) + b ( l 1 - x ) / l 1 + c ( x / l 1 ) n
A wherein 2be adjusted into the parameter of hyperbolic cotangent function rate variation, the implication of other parameter is with identical above.
The outer wall construction of common horn feed is that linear pattern is opened or adopts the sine curve envelope of comparatively releiving, such envelope type can cause that primaryt beam is with the violent change of frequency, thereby reduces feed in the illumination efficiency of high frequency.
The feed outer wall envelope of the Shape design that the present invention proposes, presents the trend of opening suddenly at the front end of radiation direction, and actinal surface open the more and more faster trend that presents.This contributes to maintain the constancy of primary pattery, also can play the centrical effect of stable phase.And envelope relaxes relatively in the region that approaches feed end, this contributes to obtain good reflection loss performance.No matter adopt the functions such as exponential function, elliptic function or hyperbolic cotangent, under suitable dimensional parameters, all can obtain similar electromagnetic performance.The feed outer wall of figuration of the present invention is to the constant effect of wave beam (three-dimensional figure) as shown in Fig. 6 a to Fig. 6 i, and its job step is followed successively by 2GHz, 3GHz, 4GHz, 5GHz, 6GHz, 7GHz, 8GHz, 9GHz, 10GHz from Fig. 6 a to Fig. 6 i; Two-dimensional directional figure is as shown in Fig. 7 a, b, c.
Four ridge sheets 30 of the present invention (are between every two ridge sheets to be 90 degree according to equal angles, four ridge sheets are cross) be arranged on the inside of feed outer wall, the electromagnetic cut-off frequency of main mould that can significantly reduce in waveguide reaches more than four times, thereby obtains wide band main mould bandwidth of operation.The present invention has studied the feed performance of the envelop forms such as Elliptic Function Type, exponential type and hyperbolic-type function, for example, when adopting the ridge sheet envelope of index line style:
y ( x ) = a 1 e a 2 x + b ( l 1 - x ) / l 1 + c ( x / l 1 ) n
Wherein, x is the axial value of feed, and y is the vertical range of ridge sheet envelope and axial straight line;
A1, b major decision two relative ridge sheets fine pitch endways, are the major parameters while regulating matching performance.L 1for the total length of ridge sheet, identical with the total length of feed outer wall.It is worth emphasizing that, c and n are the functions that the degree of releiving of ridge sheet expansion is finely tuned, conventionally can be between 1.5-3 value, by these two parameters, can suitably revise exponential envelope, make feed obtain good compromise between many-sided performances such as illumination subtended angle, bandwidth of operation, reflection loss.Less n and larger c value, corresponding to the ridge sheet envelope of releiving, contribute to maintain preferably Frequency Power Loss performance and preferably high frequency primaryt beam shape.Larger n and less c value, corresponding to more precipitous ridge sheet envelope, contribute to obtain wider bandwidth of operation.In actual design, the selection of need to compromising according to demand of n value, the present invention gets n=2.35.
Adopt the ridge sheet envelope of ellipse functional form, for example:
x(t)＝R xcos?t+x 0
y(x)＝R ysin?t+y 0+a 3
R wherein xfor elliptic function is at the axial axial length of x, R ythe axial length of elliptic function on y direction of principal axis, x 0, y 0and a 3all envelope to be carried out to the parameter of inching;
Adopt the ridge sheet envelope of hyperbolic cotangent functional form, for example:
y ( x ) = a 1 ( e a 2 x + e - a 2 x ) / ( e a 2 x - e - a 2 x ) + b ( l 1 - x ) / l 1 + c ( x / l 1 ) n
Wherein a2 is adjusted into the parameter of hyperbolic cotangent function rate variation, and the implication of other parameter is with identical above.
In order to make ridge sheet obtain better practicality, ridge sheet of the present invention has adopted the structure of cutting out seamed edge and highly gradient, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.The ridge sheet of seamed edge structure, that the chamfering structure that cuts out a fixed angle at the place, two sidelines of the crestal surface of ridge sheet forms seamed edge, this angle conventionally can be between 30 °-60 ° free adjustment, the selected optimal parameter of the present invention is 45 °, and seamed edge structure contributes to keep the symmetry of feed structure and facilitate follow-up installation and debugging work.
The gradual change of ridge sheet highly can adopt the forms such as linear gradient, power function gradual change, exponential function gradual change or hyperbolic cotangent function.For example, when adopting linear gradient:
z(x)＝h 1+h 1(a 1x/l 1)
Wherein, x is the axial value of feed, and z (x) is that the central crestal surface of ridge sheet is at the height of corresponding axial location;
H 1that this value is taken as 0.05 λ conventionally with the height of the central crestal surface of the ridge sheet of seamed edge structure lleft and right (λ lfor the maximum wavelength value in working band); a 1that this speed broadening highly is gradually controlled parameter, a 1conventionally value is between 1～10, l 1for the total length of ridge sheet, identical with the total length of feed outer wall.
What this formula showed is the ridge sheet height of linear increment, if adopt the forms such as power function, exponential function or hyperbolic functions, also can reach similar performance, and their mathematic(al) representation is as follows:
Power function, for example:
z(x)＝h 1+h 1(a 1x n/l 1 n)
Wherein n is the power exponent of independent variable x, is conventionally taken as the integer that is greater than 1, and the implication of other symbol is same as above;
Exponential function, for example:
Z ( X ) = h 1 + h 1 ( a 1 e a 2 x / e a 2 l 1 )
A wherein 2be the parameter that exponential function is regulated with the rate of rise of x, the implication of other symbol is with upper identical;
The hyperbolic functions such as hyperbolic cotangent, for example:
z(x)＝h 1+h 1(a 1coth(a 2x)/coth(a 2l 1))
Wherein symbol implication is with upper identical;
Ridge chip architecture of the present invention can be summarized as 3 points to the effect of feed performance:
1) measure of seamed edge structure significantly reduces the fluctuation of impedance real part, imaginary part, makes feed in the level of reach-20dB of the reflection loss of most of frequency range;
2) the ridge chip architecture of gradual change width contributes to improve feed at the matching performance of low frequency frequency range, thereby expands the bandwidth of feed, makes it in the large illumination subtended angle application scenario higher than 70 °, still can access more than 5: 1 bandwidth of operation;
3) the higher mode component of high frequency is suppressed to some extent, therefore reduced the trend that high frequency direction figure narrows down.
Fig. 4 adopts the reflection loss after ridge sheet of the present invention to improve schematic diagram.Fig. 5 a adopts the high frequency direction figure of the traditional ridge sheet trend schematic diagram that narrows down, and Fig. 5 b adopts high frequency direction figure after the ridge sheet of the present invention trend that narrows down to improve schematic diagram.
The present invention loads an actinal surface adapter 40 at the radiating surface place of feed outer wall, outwards continues one section of elliptic function curve.The introducing of actinal surface adapter 40 can significantly reduce the diffraction effect of the spherical wave in actinal surface region, thereby makes the antenna pattern of feed more level and smooth, and reduces other back lobe level.
Fig. 8 a is the schematic three dimensional views that feed outer wall does not load the directional diagram of actinal surface adapter, Fig. 8 b is the schematic three dimensional views that feed outer wall is loaded with the directional diagram of actinal surface adapter, Fig. 8 c is the two-dimentional comparison diagram of the directional diagram of phi=90 ° of face after feed outer wall does not load actinal surface adapter, and Fig. 8 d is the two-dimentional comparison diagram of the directional diagram of feed outer wall phi=90 ° of face being loaded with actinal surface adapter.
The present invention loads higher modes in the probe insert division of feed and suppresses ring 50 (as shown in Fig. 9 a); be mainly used to suppress the higher modes such as TE12 that encouraged between ridge sheet gap; the performance of TE12 mould meeting severe exacerbation feed antenna pattern, makes its directional diagram in medium-high frequency occur the trend narrowing down suddenly.Seamed edge structure one end of four ridge sheets 30 is arranged on higher modes and suppresses, in ring 50, between four ridge sheet seamed edge structure one end, have a workplace distance.Higher modes suppress the high frequency direction figure of ring 50 before and after loading to such as shown in Fig. 9 b and Fig. 9 c, and wherein Fig. 9 b does not load the high frequency direction figure that higher modes suppress ring, and Fig. 9 c loads the high frequency direction figure that higher modes suppress ring.Visible, by loading higher modes, suppress ring, the trend narrowing down suddenly that high frequency direction figure is prone to has obtained remarkable inhibition.The inside radius that higher mode suppresses to encircle should not be too small, highly unsuitable blocked up, otherwise can worsen the reflection loss performance of low frequency.The inside radius that higher mode of the present invention suppresses ring is taken as approximately 80% feed exterior radius, is highly about 3% feed entire length.
Ridge sheet of the present invention is due to highly narrower, one end of the seamed edge structure of two adjacent ridge sheets in four ridge sheets is provided with the through hole 31 (another two adjacent ridge sheets are not established through hole) that runs through ridge sheet 30 width, by connector, through through hole 31, is connected with another relative ridge sheet.The high-performance connector of the present invention's design is a probe 70, and probe 70 is divided into three sections from the bottom to top:
The cylindrical needle 71 of one thicker radius, its radius is r1, and length is the spacing of two relative ridge sheets, between two relative ridge sheets, is welded as a whole with relative ridge sheet, and therefore thicker diameter contributes to reach best mating between probe and ridge sheet;
One section of thinner changeover portion 72, its radius is r2, and length can be comparable with the size of the seamed edge structure of ridge sheet, and the effect of this changeover portion is for mating ridge sheet due to the narrower crestal surface that seamed edge structure causes, contributing to maintain the continuity of 50 ohmages;
The probe structure 73 of the 1.27mm diameter of one segment standard reaches the upper end open place (ridge sheet is got through) of ridge sheet always, can match with the SMA interface of standard.
The r1 of this thicker radius cylindrical needle 71 is in the twice of r2 of thinner changeover portion 72, when r1=1.25*r2, can obtain good matching performance and best interport isolation;
The present invention offers the reflection cavity 21 (referring to shown in Figure 10) of cone shape on the base 20 of feed, and this reflection cavity 21 is offered towards feed outer wall direction.Reflection cavity of the present invention is designed to cone shape has wider bandwidth than spherical, cube reflection cavity, can play effective reflex to spilling into the electromagnetic wave signal in the broadband of reflection cavity inside.
The present invention is as follows to definite method of the relevant parameter relating in formula:
Feed parameter comes from the empirical data that summary draws in a large amount of tests, emulation and experiment mostly.If parameter value is excessive or too smallly usually can produce important impact to the final electromagnetic performance of feed, by existing Feed Design experience and EM theory knowledge, first can be the electromagnetism value standard of those parameters in a more rough scope;
Afterwards, utilize the Electromagnetic Simulation software of the specialties such as CST, HFSS, in this rough scope, parameter is carried out to detailed scanning emulation, scanning work will guarantee that parameter has enough little step-length;
Finally, by checking the result with contrast scans emulation, determine while obtaining optimum feed performance corresponding parameter value and choose this numerical value as the optimum value of this parameter.
At some to multiple parameters all in comparatively responsive feed partial structurtes, usually need multiple parameters to carry out Combisweep emulation, if simulation result demonstrates and respectively has good and bad phenomenon between a plurality of performance index of feed, need to take into account the performance of feed each side, choose the parameter value of most suitable compromise.

Claims (6)

1. four ridge broadband feeds, include feed outer wall and base, it is characterized in that:
The envelope of feed outer wall is the curvilinear function of a figuration, and along with opening gradually of feed mouth, the speed of opening of its actinal surface presents the trend of accelerating gradually; This envelope curve can be exponential type function, ellipse function and hyperbolic cotangent function; Wherein:
When A) envelope curve of feed outer wall is exponential type function:
formula 1
In formula 1:
X is the axial value of feed, and y is the vertical range of feed outer wall and axial straight line;
A 1+ b 1be the caliber size of feed end, value is 0.47 λ l, λ lfor the maximum wavelength value in working band;
B 1be the spacing of two relative ridge sheets, ridge sheet spacing value is less than 1mm relatively;
B 2it is the enveloping curvature of feed outer wall;
C 1with n be the function that feed outer wall envelope is finely tuned, between directional diagram constancy and bandwidth performance, select, value is between (5, ﹢ 5);
L 1the length of feed outer wall, b 2be the enveloping curvature of feed outer wall, these two parameters have determined the numerical value at the edge light angle of feed, for the feed of different illumination angles, and its l 1, b 2value is by a definite radiation actinal surface, i.e. the diameter D at the place of dehiscing of Feed Horn maximum 1the feed of large illumination angle restricts, therefore need to be designed to shorter feed length l 1comparatively precipitous enveloping curvature b 2, the feed of little illumination angle needs to adopt longer feed length l 1the enveloping curvature b comparatively releiving 2;
D 1value is estimated by formula below:
When B) envelope curve of feed outer wall is ellipse function:
x(t)=R xcost+x 0
Y (x)=R ysint+y 0+ a 3formula 2
In formula 2:
R xfor elliptic function is in the axial axial length of x;
R ythat elliptic function is in the axial axial length of y;
X 0, y 0and a 3all envelope to be carried out to the parameter of inching;
Or
When C) envelope curve of feed outer wall is hyperbolic cotangent function:
formula 3
In formula 3
X is the axial value of feed;
Y is the vertical range of feed outer wall and axial straight line;
A 1it is the important decision parameter of caliber size of feed end;
B is the spacing of two relative ridge sheets;
C and n are the functions that feed outer wall envelope is finely tuned, and between directional diagram constancy and bandwidth performance, select, and value is between (5, ﹢ 5);
L 1the length of feed outer wall;
A 2for adjusting the parameter of hyperbolic cotangent function rate variation;
The radiating surface of feed outer wall is loaded with actinal surface adapter;
Bottom in feed outer wall is provided with higher modes and suppresses ring;
Four ridge sheets, are arranged on to equal angles the inside of feed outer wall, and the envelope of each ridge sheet is exponential line type function, ellipse function or hyperbolic cotangent function; Wherein:
A) envelope curve of ridge sheet is the formula of exponential line type function:
formula 4
In formula 4:
X is the axial value of feed, and y is the vertical range of ridge sheet envelope and axial straight line;
A 1+ b is relative two ridge sheets spacing endways;
C and n are the functions that the degree of releiving of ridge sheet expansion is finely tuned, value is between 1.5-3, by these two parameters, can suitably revise exponential envelope, make feed obtain good compromise between the performance aspect illumination subtended angle, bandwidth of operation, reflection loss;
L 1for the length of ridge sheet, the length of the length of ridge sheet and feed outer wall is equal to completely;
B) envelope curve of ridge sheet is the formula of ellipse function:
x(t)=R xcost+x 0
Y (x)=R ysint+y 0+ a 3formula 5
In formula 5:
R xfor elliptic function is in the axial axial length of x;
R ythat elliptic function is in the axial axial length of y;
X 0, y 0and a 3all envelope to be carried out to the parameter of inching; Or
C) envelope curve of ridge sheet is the formula of hyperbolic cotangent function:
formula 6
In formula 6:
X is the axial value of feed, and y is the vertical range of ridge sheet envelope and axial straight line;
A 1, b is relative two ridge sheets spacing endways;
C is the size of the waveguide bore of feed end;
L 1for the length of ridge sheet, the length of the length of ridge sheet and feed outer wall is equal to completely;
N is the parameter of the slow degree of urgency of ridge sheet expansion, and value is between 1.5-3;
A 2for adjusting the parameter of hyperbolic cotangent function rate variation;
Its edge, one end of each ridge sheet is seamed edge structure, and wherein seamed edge structure one end of two adjacent ridge sheets is provided with the through hole that runs through ridge sheet width, and a connection piece connects with another corresponding ridge sheet through through hole;
Seamed edge structure one end of four ridge sheets is arranged on higher modes and suppresses, in ring, have a workplace distance between four ridge sheets; The height of each ridge sheet is uprised to ridge sheet front portion gradually by seamed edge structure one end, and this height is and increases progressively relation with feed axial dimension; The gradual change of ridge sheet is highly linear function, power function, ellipse function or hyperbolic cotangent function; Wherein:
A) gradual change of ridge sheet is highly the formula of linear function:
Z (x)=h 1+ h 1(a 1x/l 1) formula 7
In formula 7:
X is the axial value of feed;
Z (x) is that the central crestal surface of ridge sheet is at the height of corresponding axial location;
H 1that value is 0.05 λ with the height of the central crestal surface of the ridge sheet of seamed edge structure l, λ lfor the maximum wavelength value in working band;
A 1that this speed broadening highly is gradually controlled parameter, a 1value is 1-10;
L 1for the total length of ridge sheet, identical with the total length of feed outer wall;
B) gradual change of ridge sheet is highly the formula of power function:
Z (x)=h 1+ h 1(a 1x n/ l 1 n) formula 8
In formula 8:
N is the power exponent of independent variable x, for being greater than 1 integer;
X is the axial value of feed;
Z (x) is that the central crestal surface of ridge sheet is at the height of corresponding axial location;
H 1it is the height with the central crestal surface of the ridge sheet of seamed edge structure;
A 1that this speed broadening highly is gradually controlled parameter, a 1value is 1-10;
L 1for the total length of ridge sheet, identical with the total length of feed outer wall;
C) gradual change of ridge sheet is highly the formula of exponential function:
formula 9
In formula 9:
X is the axial value of feed;
Z (x) is that the central crestal surface of ridge sheet is at the height of corresponding axial location;
H 1it is the height with the central crestal surface of the ridge sheet of seamed edge structure;
A 1that this speed broadening highly is gradually controlled parameter, a 1value is 1-10;
A 2it is the parameter that exponential function is regulated with the rate of rise of x;
L 1for the total length of ridge sheet, identical with the total length of feed outer wall;
D) gradual change of ridge sheet is highly the formula of hyperbolic cotangent function:
Z (x)=h 1+ h 1(a 1coth (a 2x)/coth (a 2l 1)) formula 10
In formula 10:
X is the axial value of feed;
Z (x) is that the central crestal surface of ridge sheet is at the height of corresponding axial location;
H 1it is the height with the central crestal surface of the ridge sheet of seamed edge structure;
A 1that this speed broadening highly is gradually controlled parameter, a 1value is 1-10;
A 2it is the parameter that exponential function is regulated with the rate of rise of x;
L 1for the total length of ridge sheet, identical with the total length of feed outer wall;
Base offers reflection cavity towards feed outer wall direction.
2. four ridge broadband feeds according to claim 1, wherein, the elliptical shaft of actinal surface adapter is than being that 1/4 wavelength and elliptic function are 135 ° of angles for 2:1, major axis.
3. four ridge broadband feeds according to claim 1, wherein, the inside radius that higher modes suppress ring is 80% of feed exterior radius, the height that higher modes suppress ring is 3% of feed entire length.
4. four ridge broadband feeds according to claim 1, wherein, the angle of four ridge sheet seamed edge structures is 30 °-60 °.
5. four ridge broadband feeds according to claim 1, wherein, the reflection cavity on base is coniform.
6. four ridge broadband feeds according to claim 1, wherein, connector is a cylindrical needle, its length is the spacing of two relative ridge sheets; In one end of cylindrical needle, be changeover portion, the other end of cylindrical needle and relative ridge sheet firm welding; The SMA probe of the other end of changeover portion and standard matches; In connector the diameter of cylindrical needle be changeover portion diameter 1-2 doubly.
CN201210148649.9A 2012-05-14 2012-05-14 Four-ridge-type broad band feed source Expired - Fee Related CN102683864B (en)

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CN110768017B (en) * 2019-10-21 2020-05-19 中国科学院国家天文台 SKA ultra-wideband refrigeration miniaturized four-ridge horn feed source and application thereof
CN111555033B (en) * 2020-04-30 2022-04-12 北京中测国宇科技有限公司 Broadband ridge piece outward-detection four-ridge circular horn feed source antenna
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