CN110380217B - High-gain end-fire antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton - Google Patents
High-gain end-fire antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton Download PDFInfo
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- CN110380217B CN110380217B CN201910680912.0A CN201910680912A CN110380217B CN 110380217 B CN110380217 B CN 110380217B CN 201910680912 A CN201910680912 A CN 201910680912A CN 110380217 B CN110380217 B CN 110380217B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/104—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using a substantially flat reflector for deflecting the radiated beam, e.g. periscopic antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
- H01Q19/30—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. Yagi antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
- H01Q9/20—Two collinear substantially straight active elements; Substantially straight single active elements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-gain end-fire antenna based on artificial Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SSPPs), which comprises a dielectric substrate, an upper metal patch and a lower metal patch; the upper metal patch is positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and comprises a microstrip transmission line, a gradual change transition groove, an SSPPs transmission line, a part of a dipole and a director; the lower metal patch is positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate and comprises a ground plane, a gradual change transition groove, an SSPPs transmission line and a part of a dipole. The structure adopts the artificial surface plasmon polariton waveguide to transmit energy, radiation is realized by using a dipole at a terminal, a director of the yagi antenna is introduced into the tail end of the antenna, and a reflector of the yagi antenna is replaced by a ground plane, so that the gain is improved. The invention optimizes the traditional dipole end-fire antenna, has simple design structure and increased working bandwidth, reduces the mutual coupling among the antennas and greatly improves the gain of the antennas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-gain end-fire antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton, which can be used in the technical field of microwaves.
Background
Artificial surface plasmon waveguides are considered to be an ideal choice for transmission lines in the GHz to THz region and have gained much attention in recent years from the scientific and engineering community. Most commonly, a periodic groove structure is used for guiding an artificial surface plasmon polariton wave, and various passive devices such as various antennas, filters, couplers and the like are designed on the basis of the waveguide structure. The development of artificial surface plasmons mainly depends on the radiation of SPP waves, and the antennas based on the artificial surface plasmons are opened up a way by multiple radiation modes, but most of the antennas have large volumes and are relatively complex, so that other radiation units are considered. Dipoles, as the most basic and commonly used antennas, are widely used in antenna engineering due to their convenient fabrication and integration with radio frequency circuits. However, when applied to microwaves at terahertz frequencies, the gain of the dipole is significantly lower. With the continuous application of the metamaterial in different antennas, the metamaterial can be completely utilized to realize the enhancement of bandwidth and gain, beam focusing and frequency reconstruction. The antenna designed by the invention combines the metamaterial technology and the dipole orientation, so that the antenna is more widely applied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-gain end-fire antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polaritons, solves the problem of low gain of a dipole antenna and lays a foundation for researching antennas with higher gain in the future.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the high-gain end-fire antenna based on the artificial surface plasmon polariton is of a single-layer structure and comprises a dielectric substrate, a top metal layer and a bottom metal layer; the top metal layer is positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and comprises a microstrip transmission line, a gradual change transition groove, an SSPPs transmission line, a part of a dipole and a director; the bottom metal layer is positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate and comprises a ground plane, a gradual change transition groove, an SSPPs transmission line and a part of a dipole; the feed of the microstrip transmission line passes through the gradual transition groove and then adopts SSPPs transmission line waveguide to transmit energy, dipole is used for realizing energy radiation at a terminal, a director of the yagi antenna is introduced into the tail end of the antenna, a ground plane is used for replacing a reflector of the yagi antenna, the gain is improved, and the high-gain endfire antenna is formed.
The invention further defines the technical scheme as follows:
preferably, a transition band from the microstrip transmission line (5) to the SSPPs transmission line (7) in the top metal layer adopts a trapezoidal gradient groove structure.
Preferably, the tapered slots are 8 in number, and are sequentially deepened to be as deep as the slots of the SSPPs transmission lines.
Preferably, the structure of the SSPPs transmission line in the top metal layer is a comb-shaped periodic structure, and the height and width of each trench are the same.
Preferably, the distance between the directors at the right end of the top metal layer is gradually increased from left to right, and the length is gradually shortened.
Preferably, the ground plane of the bottom metal layer is a U-shaped ground plane.
Preferably, the transmission lines and dipoles in the bottom metal layer are completely symmetrically opposite to those of the top metal layer, that is, the transmission lines and dipoles are the same in shape and size and opposite in direction.
Preferably, the dielectric substrate is an FR4 dielectric board, the dielectric constant is 2.65, and the thickness is 0.8 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects: the high-gain end-fire antenna is simple in structure, small in size and easy to integrate, and compared with a traditional dipole antenna, the high-gain end-fire antenna system based on the SSPPs can keep the integrity of energy and smaller waveguide loss. Meanwhile, because the constraint of the artificial surface plasmon polariton is strong, the artificial surface plasmon polariton waveguide can provide a more compact planar structure, and can be manufactured with other planar devices under the condition of no obvious mutual coupling. Compared with the existing SSPPs antenna, the structure has smaller size. The simulation test result also shows that the structure has good performance. The results show that the high gain endfire antenna based on SSPPs can achieve a gain of 9.5dBi at the design frequency of 6 ghz.
The invention optimizes the dipole antenna, firstly, the ground plane of the antenna is expanded, so that the radiation area at the rear end of the antenna is reflected to the front end, the radiation direction of the dipole antenna is changed, and the gain of the antenna is improved; and a director is introduced, so that the directivity of the antenna is improved, the gain of the antenna is further improved, and the high-gain end-fire antenna is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a high-gain end-fire antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional exploded schematic diagram of the high-gain end-fire antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the high-gain end-fire antenna based on artificial surface plasmons of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows S-parameter simulation results of the high-gain end-fire antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a 2D directional diagram of the high-gain end-fire antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton according to the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1-dielectric substrate, 2-top metal layer, 3-bottom metal layer, 4-ground plane, 5-microstrip line, 6-gradual transition band, 7-SSPPs transmission line, 8-dipole, and 9-director.
Detailed Description
Objects, advantages and features of the present invention will be illustrated and explained by the following non-limiting description of preferred embodiments.
The invention discloses a high-gain endfire antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton, which is a single-layer structure and comprises a dielectric substrate 1, a top metal layer 2 and a bottom metal layer 3, wherein the top metal layer 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1, and the bottom metal layer 3 is arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1, namely the high-gain endfire antenna sequentially comprises the top metal layer, the dielectric substrate and a bottom metal sheet from top to bottom. In the technical scheme, the dielectric substrate is an FR4 dielectric board, the dielectric constant is 2.65, and the thickness is 0.8 mm.
Antenna structures are arranged on the top metal layer 2 and the bottom metal layer 3, and each top metal structure comprises a microstrip line 5, a gradual transition band 6, an SSPPs transmission line 7, a dipole 8 and a director 9; the bottom layer metal structure comprises a ground plane 4, a gradual transition band 6, an SSPPs transmission line 7 and a dipole 8; the antenna structure utilizes microstrip line feed, adopts SSPPs waveguide to transmit energy after passing through the gradual transition groove, realizes energy radiation by using a dipole at a terminal, and introduces a director at the tail end of the antenna, thereby improving gain and forming a high-gain end-fire antenna.
The antenna structure is arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, wherein the gradual transition band and the SSPPs transmission line are in anti-symmetric structures, namely the transmission line parts on the upper surface and the lower surface are completely the same in size and structure and opposite in direction.
The dipole parts of the antenna structure are distributed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate.
The director of the antenna structure is three metal patches which are arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and positioned on the right side of the terminal dipole.
As shown in fig. 2, the complete antenna structure in the system is that the microstrip line excites electromagnetic waves to transmit energy through the SSPPs waveguide after passing through the transition band, the dipole is used at the terminal to realize energy radiation, and the director guides the radiation direction of the antenna.
The invention can smoothly realize the conversion from omnidirectional radiation to directional radiation, greatly improves the gain of the antenna, and leads the antenna to be more compact and reduces the dielectric loss compared with the traditional dipole end-fire antenna.
FIG. 4 is a simulation result diagram of the reflection coefficient of the high-gain endfire antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton, and it can be seen from the diagram that the high-gain endfire antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton of the invention is within the frequency band of 5.4GHz-6.3GHz, S11Are all lower than-10 dB, so that the antenna can work well in the working band of 5.4GHz-6.3 GHz.
Fig. 5 is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a high-gain end-fire antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton, and it can be clearly seen from the figure that the gain is up to nearly 10dBi at the maximum, which illustrates that the radiation gain of the antenna is greatly improved after the director is added.
Compared with the traditional dipole antenna, the high-gain end-fire antenna based on the artificial surface plasmon polariton provided by the invention has the advantages that the artificial surface plasmon polariton waveguide is used for replacing the traditional microstrip transmission line, the transmission loss can be greatly reduced, and the electromagnetic wave is bound on the metal surface for propagation. Then, in order to improve the radiation gain of the end-fire antenna, according to the radiation mechanism of the yagi antenna, a director structure is loaded in the terminal direction of the antenna, and the ground plane of the dielectric waveguide is extended to serve as a reflector of the yagi antenna, so that the radiation gain is enhanced. Through simulation test of the antenna structure, the structure has good performance. When the design frequency of the antenna system based on the metamaterial SSPPs is 6GHz, the highest gain can reach 10dBi, the gain is 7dBi higher than that of a traditional dipole end-fire antenna, and the antenna system has better directivity.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can understand that the modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. High gain end-fire antenna based on artifical surface plasmon polariton, its characterized in that: the high-gain end-fire antenna is of a single-layer structure and comprises a dielectric substrate (1), a top metal layer (2) and a bottom metal layer (3); the top metal layer (2) is positioned on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (1) and comprises a microstrip transmission line (5), a gradual change transition slot (6), an SSPPs transmission line (7), a part of a dipole (8) and a director (9); the bottom metal layer (3) is positioned on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (1) and comprises a ground plane (4), a gradual change transition groove (6), an SSPPs transmission line (7) and a part of a dipole (8); the feed of the microstrip transmission line (5) passes through the gradual transition groove (6) and then is transmitted by adopting a waveguide of an SSPPs transmission line (7), the energy radiation is realized by utilizing a dipole (8) at a terminal, a director (9) of the yagi antenna is introduced into the tail end of the antenna, the gain is improved by utilizing a ground plane, and a high-gain endfire antenna is formed; the ground plane of the bottom metal layer is a U-shaped ground plane, and the ground plane (4) is mainly used as a reflector and pushes energy radiated to the rear end to the front end; the distance between the directors at the right end of the top metal layer is gradually increased from left to right, and the length of the directors is gradually shortened; the transmission lines and dipoles in the bottom metal layer are completely symmetrical and opposite to those of the upper surface metal layer, namely the transmission lines and the dipoles are the same in shape and size and opposite in direction.
2. The artificial surface plasmon based high-gain end-fire antenna of claim 1, wherein: and the transition groove (6) from the microstrip transmission line (5) to the SSPPs transmission line (7) in the top metal layer adopts a trapezoidal gradient groove structure.
3. The artificial surface plasmon based high-gain end-fire antenna of claim 2, wherein: the number of the gradual change grooves is 8, and the gradual change grooves are sequentially deepened until the gradual change grooves are as deep as the grooves of the SSPPs transmission lines.
4. The artificial surface plasmon based high-gain end-fire antenna of claim 1, wherein: the SSPPs transmission line structure in the top metal layer is a comb-shaped periodic structure, and the height and the width of each groove are the same.
5. The artificial surface plasmon based high-gain end-fire antenna of claim 1, wherein: the dielectric substrate is an FR4 dielectric board, the dielectric constant is 2.65, and the thickness is 0.8 mm.
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| CN111463565B (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2023-02-10 | 西安电子科技大学 | Terahertz wave impedance tuning air dielectric yagi antenna structure and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN111755829B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-08-18 | 常熟市泓博通讯技术股份有限公司 | High gain antenna module |
| CN112993553A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-18 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Antenna unit and antenna structure |
| CN113285229B (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2022-05-20 | 南京邮电大学 | High-gain end-fire circularly polarized antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polariton |
| CN113782955B (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2023-06-16 | 天津大学 | Broadband high-gain compressed high-order mode yagi antenna |
| CN114665241B (en) * | 2022-03-18 | 2022-10-21 | 北京邮电大学 | Conversion structure and method of artificial surface plasmon polariton and microstrip line |
| CN115149258A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-10-04 | 重庆邮电大学 | Different-surface asymmetric millimeter wave circularly polarized end-fire antenna based on artificial surface plasmon polaritons |
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| CN101656351A (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2010-02-24 | 东南大学 | Wideband Yagi aerial for half-mould substrate integrated waveguide feed |
| CN102738580B (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2014-05-21 | 浙江大学 | Ultra-wideband monopole antenna with expanded horizontal plane open circuit section and semi-oval slot |
| CN103531876A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-22 | 东南大学 | Efficient transmission line of surface plasmon |
| CN103606759A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-02-26 | 电子科技大学 | Dual-mode antenna with wave beam direction switchable |
| CN103618145B (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2016-03-23 | 东南大学 | The accurate Yagi spark gap planar horn antenna of thin substrate |
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| CN105552544A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-05-04 | 东南大学 | End-fire type artificial surface plasmon antenna |
| CN105789790A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-07-20 | 六盘水师范学院 | Spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) type microwave band-pass filter |
| JP2019531016A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2019-10-24 | レッドウェイブ エナジー， インコーポレイテッドＲｅｄｗａｖｅ Ｅｎｅｒｇｙ， Ｉｎｃ． | Structures, systems, and methods for converting electromagnetic radiation into electrical energy using metamaterials, rectennas, and compensation structures |
| CN107248616B (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2019-05-31 | 东南大学 | Same frequency dual-circle polarization leaky-wave antenna based on artificial surface phasmon |
| CN107681258B (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2020-01-07 | 上海交通大学 | Small-sized high-efficiency UHF frequency band low-profile broadband antenna adopting SPP structure |
| CN107666037A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2018-02-06 | 广东顺德中山大学卡内基梅隆大学国际联合研究院 | A kind of double frequency high-gain Yagi antenna |
| CN108493597B (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2020-02-21 | 南通大学 | Millimeter wave antenna based on surface plasmon polariton |
| CN108767451B (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2020-07-14 | 上海交通大学 | Directional diagram reconfigurable wide-angle scanning antenna based on SSPP structure |
| CN109326861B (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2021-01-26 | 东南大学 | Compact artificial surface plasmon transmission line |
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