CN102655346B - There is Smart battery module and the battery pack of autobalance ability - Google Patents
There is Smart battery module and the battery pack of autobalance ability Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to Smart battery module, aim to provide a kind of Smart battery module and the battery pack with autobalance ability.This Smart battery module comprises a battery cell, or a battery pack be composed in series by n battery cell; The positive pole of described battery cell or battery pack and negative pole are connected to the input of a DC/DC current transformer, and two outputs of described DC/DC current transformer export as Smart battery module; Described Smart battery module also comprises a control circuit, and this control circuit has a communication interface circuit, and for providing index signal to control circuit, and control circuit regulates the output voltage of Smart battery module based on this index signal.The invention provides and availablely realize external power supply and internal charging by DC/DC current transformer, conveniently connect and realize the equilibrium between battery module, realizing maximum using and the lifetime of battery storage energy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Smart battery module, the Drazin inverse function particularly utilizing Smart battery module to have, realize the maximum utilization of equilibrium between battery module and storage power.
Background technology
In application scenarios such as new-energy automobile (electric automobile or hybrid vehicle) and energy storage, storage battery is as energy-storage units or functional unit, and the energy storage density higher due to it and cost performance, be widely used.The voltage that can provide due to single battery is lower, in most cases can not meet the needs of practical application, therefore needs the requirement that multiple serial battery or parallel connection use to meet system in many cases.There are differences between battery cell due to series connection, therefore the useful life of each monomer is not identical yet.When there being a monomer to break down in series battery, the hydraulic performance decline of whole series battery work can be caused even to scrap.
Suppose, in a battery pack, have a fail battery, the internal resistance of fail battery is very large, has some charging currents that battery both end voltage will be made sharply to increase a little.Equally, as long as discharge at the beginning, battery both end voltage will decline rapidly.In series battery, once there is a joint fail battery, then the charge-discharge characteristic of whole battery pack can be deteriorated.When such as charging, battery pack terminal voltage can rise to full charge pressure very soon, charger judges according to battery pack terminal voltage, think that battery pack has been full of electricity, do not need to carry out charging operations to it again, cause the situation of normal battery charge less, fail battery overcharge, the deterioration of further causing trouble battery.At discharge regime, because the electricity of whole battery storage is little, therefore soon electricity has just been given out light.In other words: whole battery pack is actual is become very little by the capacity used because of the appearance of fail battery, and the time that can power also shortens a lot.Can understand like this: the fault of most of series battery is often cause because one of them supply unit breaks down.
Therefore, aborning, to the battery pack that series connection uses, need the coupling of carrying out performance, the battery cell that namely serviceability is close is as far as possible connected, to ensure the life-span of battery pack.This method, when series-connected cell quantity is less, still has certain feasibility.But when serial number is more, can realize hardly, and additionally screen the sharply rising that the high cost brought can bring cost.As in electric automobile, series-connected cell monomer may reach about 100, and in new forms of energy stored energy application, quantity is huge especially, can reach thousands of.
Therefore, how to give full play to the efficiency of battery pack, realize the equilibrium of battery, avoid single inefficacy on the impact of whole battery pack, remain a significant challenge of these application scenarios.
Application number is the patent of invention " battery shifter " of 02109341.5, this invention it discloses a kind of battery shifter for series battery, " by serial battery working properly in battery pack; battery pack rejected by abnormal battery that will work, the power supply maintaining battery pack can be continued." adopt after the method processes fail battery; the terminal voltage of battery pack can decline; compare and be applicable among " all kinds of uninterruption power source ", but for requiring higher occasion (such as Notebook Battery etc.) to series connection supply unit group terminal voltage and inapplicable.Application number is the patent of invention " a kind of battery with redundancy unit " of 03109241.1, " in battery pack, there is redundant cell unit; this circuit can excise the abnormal battery of work; simultaneously by arranging the battery unit of redundancy, still can ensure to provide enough voltage when excising fail battery " of this invention.The method can make the performance of Notebook Battery increase, but because house redundancy battery, the volume of battery pack can increase to some extent, and redundancy battery more at most volume is larger, and cost is higher, is not suitable for Large Copacity occasion.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, overcomes deficiency of the prior art, provides a kind of Smart battery module and the battery pack with autobalance ability.
For technical solution problem, solution of the present invention is:
A kind of Smart battery module with autobalance ability is provided, comprises a battery cell, or a battery pack be composed in series by n battery cell; The positive pole of described battery cell or battery pack and negative pole are connected to the input of a DC/DC current transformer, and two outputs of described DC/DC current transformer export as Smart battery module; Described Smart battery module also comprises a control circuit, and this control circuit has a communication interface circuit, and for providing index signal to control circuit, and control circuit regulates the output voltage of Smart battery module based on this index signal.
In the present invention, described index signal is at least one in following signal: the average-voltage signal of all intelligent object internal cells, average cell capacity signal, maximum voltage signal or maximum battery capacity signal in battery pack.
In the present invention, described DC/DC current transformer is two-way DC/DC current transformer.
In the present invention, the output of described two-way DC/DC current transformer has an anti-paralleled diode, and described diode cathode is connected to described current transformer output plus terminal, and described diode anode is connected to described current transformer and exports negative terminal.
In the present invention, described two-way DC/DC current transformer is any one in following non-isolation type current transformer: two-way BUCK current transformer, two-way BOOST current transformer, two-way BUCK-BOOST current transformer, two-way CUK current transformer, two-way SEPIC current transformer or two-way ZETA current transformer.
Further, present invention also offers a kind of battery pack with autobalance ability, this battery pack comprises at least 2 Smart battery modules; Described Smart battery module includes: a DC/DC current transformer, control circuit, a battery cell or the battery pack be composed in series by several battery cells; The both positive and negative polarity of battery cell or battery pack is connected to DC/DC current transformer, and two outputs of described DC/DC current transformer export as Smart battery module; Described control circuit comprises a communication interface circuit; The communication interface circuit of each Smart battery module is interconnected by order wire, for exchanging the internal information of Smart battery module, and provide index signal to the control circuit of respective Smart battery module inside, and control circuit regulates Smart battery module output voltage based on this index signal.
In the present invention, described index signal is at least one in following signal: the average-voltage signal of all intelligent object internal cells, average cell capacity signal, maximum voltage signal or maximum battery capacity signal in battery pack.
In the present invention, described DC/DC current transformer is two-way DC/DC current transformer, is any one in following non-isolation type current transformer: two-way BUCK current transformer, two-way BOOST current transformer, two-way BUCK-BOOST current transformer, two-way CUK current transformer, two-way SEPIC current transformer or two-way ZETA current transformer.
In the present invention, the output of described two-way DC/DC current transformer has an anti-paralleled diode, and described diode cathode is connected to described current transformer output plus terminal, and described diode anode is connected to described current transformer and exports negative terminal.
In the present invention, after the communication interface circuit of described each Smart battery module is interconnected by order wire, is also connected with system battery administrative unit and is used for realizing information exchange.
Relative to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Smart battery module provided by the invention and battery pack, availablely realize external power supply and internal charging by DC/DC current transformer, conveniently connect and realize the equilibrium between battery module, realizing maximum using and the lifetime of battery storage energy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Smart battery module of the present invention (BM) schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the battery pack system of Smart battery module composition;
Fig. 3 is the battery pack system of another kind of Smart battery module composition;
Fig. 4 is Smart battery module internal frame diagram specific embodiment;
Fig. 5 is that under discharge condition, Smart battery module output voltage regulates schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is a specific embodiment of the control method based on voltage difference adjustment output voltage;
Fig. 7 is another specific embodiment of the control method based on voltage difference adjustment output voltage;
Fig. 8 is that under charged state, intelligent object charging voltage controls schematic diagram;
Fig. 9 is two-way BOOSTDC/DC converter circuit schematic diagram;
Figure 10 is two-way BUCK-BOOSTDC/DC converter circuit schematic diagram;
Figure 11 is two-way CUK converter circuit schematic diagram;
Figure 12 is two-way SEPICDC/DC converter circuit schematic diagram;
Figure 13 is two-way ZETADC/DC converter circuit schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
As in the introduction introduce, when the battery cell quantity of connecting in battery pack is larger time, the life-span of improving battery pack by the mode of screening coupling almost cannot.Therefore, object of the present invention is exactly in this application scenario, how to guarantee the bulk life time of battery pack, ensures its reliability.
It is a specific embodiment of Smart battery module of the present invention shown in Fig. 1.In a Smart battery module, comprise limited battery cell, as 1 ~ 5, be mutually in series.Like this, based on certain screening technique, can build with the good battery cell of mutual matching degree, ensure its consistency.As previously described, in the occasion that battery cell is less, mutual coupling is practicable.If inside only comprises a battery cell, with regard to the problem that it doesn't matter mates.The battery of the mutual series connection of Smart battery module inside, by DC-DC (DC/DC) current transformer, realizes supplying power for outside and charging.Like this, a Smart battery module can regard an intelligent battery unit as.Multiple Smart battery module is composed in series battery pack more mutually, system is powered or energy storage, now, Smart battery module is equivalent to a battery cell, without the need to mating between Smart battery module, like this, to Large Copacity application scenario, avoid extensive battery and mate the problem that can not realize, meanwhile, only ability systematic function in the cards under complete match condition can be achieved again.A Smart battery module, except traditional two outputs, also needs to comprise a communication interface circuit, realizes mutual data communication and information exchange, realize coupling and the control of system.
Further illustrate the system works situation of Smart battery module in unmatched situation each other below, how to improve reliability and the coupling automatically realized between Smart battery module and balance to illustrate.
Figure 1 shows that a Smart battery module (BM) schematic diagram.The inside of Smart battery module shown in Fig. 1 comprises some battery units and mutually connects (being 3 serial battery in Fig. 1).The battery unit of series connection is by a DC/DC current transformer supplying power for outside.There is a control circuit (or controller) DC/DC current transformer inside, comprises a communication interface circuit.Communication interface circuit communicates with the battery management unit (BMS) in the battery pack system be made up of Smart battery module or other Smart battery modules, exchange message.Inner control circuit according to the information of communication and the battery information of inside modules that collects, regulation output.The DC/DC current transformer of the inside of Smart battery module shown in Fig. 1, due to battery charging and discharging, power needs two-way flow, is a two-way DC/DC current transformer (or being called two-way DC/DC circuit).Can be common all kinds of DC/DC current transformers, as non-isolation type converter topology such as BUCK, BOOST, BUCK-BOOST, CUK, SEPIC or ZETA, as described and depicted in figs. 9-13, the selection of these topologys affect essence of the present invention.
Fig. 2,3 is the battery pack based on the composition of Smart battery module shown in Fig. 1.In Fig. 2,3, each Smart battery module is equivalent to the battery cell in conventional batteries.Mode based on communication is different, and Fig. 2, Fig. 3 respectively illustrate two kinds of system configurations.In Fig. 2, the port of all Smart battery modules interconnects, and forms communication network and realize information exchange between module.As traditional CAN communication mode etc.It should be noted that, the order wire COM of the communication interface circuit of each Smart battery module interconnects in fig. 2, when there being many order wires, represents that corresponding order wire links together.As 2, A and B, just represent that the A of each module links together, B links together, and in communication, this is a conventional method for expressing.In figure 3, after all order wires of Smart battery module link together, based on certain communication protocol, the mutual of information is realized with system battery administrative unit (BMS).System battery administrative unit (BMS) is the abbreviation of a kind of common equipment of field of battery management.BMS is generally made up of transducer (for measuring voltage, electric current and temperature etc.), control unit and input/output interface.The most basic function of BMS be gather and monitoring battery operating state (voltage of battery, electric current and temperature), calculate and predict the capacity (SOC) of battery, carry out battery management avoiding occurring overdischarge, overcharge, the serious energy imbalance of voltage between overheated and cell, maximally utilise battery storage capacity and cycle life.Here, the state of each Smart battery module collected can be sent to other modules by BMS, realizes the exchange of information.
Above-mentioned 2 kinds of system configurations are only different execution modes, do not affect Smart battery module in the present invention and are realized the exchange of information between Smart battery module by communication interface circuit.To this, those skilled in the art can, under the prerequisite without prejudice to invention essence, adopt other structure or mode to realize identical function.
Figure 4 shows that a Smart battery module detailed construction, inner DC/DC current transformer is two-way DC/DC current transformer, both power can two-way flow, its output is parallel with a bypass diode DF, the negative electrode of bypass diode DF is connected to the anode of DC/DC current transformer output, and anode is connected to the negative terminal of output.When two-way DC/DC current transformer has output, the reverse-biased not conducting of bypass diode DF, only provides current path in abnormal cases.Fig. 5 is a specific embodiment of middle control circuit (also claiming controller) embodiment illustrated in fig. 4.For convenience of describing, the DC/DC current transformer of its inside is described for a two-way BUCK converter circuit (also can be called for short circuit or topology).
In two-way BUCKDC/DC current transformer Q1 and Q2 switch controlling signal complementation (time Q1 opens, Q2 turn off; Vice versa).In actual applications, due to device imperfect (open shutoff and need certain hour), for preventing Q1/Q2 common, between the switch controlling signal of both complementations, usually inserting a bit of Dead Time, (namely Q1 turns off, and a bit of time such as Q2 is open-minded again; Q2 turns off, and a bit of time such as Q1 is open-minded again), this Dead Time is usually very short, does not affect the essence of its complementation, about the Dead Time of complementary switch controlling signal is general knowledge to those skilled in the art, no longer describes in detail here.
Suppose that the battery of Smart battery module B1 inside is due to a variety of causes, its performance is variant relative to other Smart battery modules, as internal resistance increases (capacity is less than normal), this just means when discharging, Smart battery module B1 more easily exhausts, and when charging, being more easily full of (other battery modules are not yet full of), affecting the performance of whole battery pack.
In the discharged condition, Q1 conducting during beginning, the battery in Smart battery module is connected with other Smart battery modules and is powered to the load.Controller real-time sampling battery current and voltage, by suitable algorithm, the capacity of calculating accumulator.The method of relevant battery capacity prediction has more implementation method, and as ampere-hour integration method, internal resistance method, terminal voltage method, look-up table etc., this does not belong to the category that the present invention needs to discuss.
The control circuit of intelligent object inside comprises a communication interface circuit, by the mode of communication, obtain the information of other intelligent objects in battery pack system, these information comprise the cell voltage of each intelligent object inside or the information such as average voltage, average cell capacity of battery capacity or all intelligent object internal cells.In structure shown in Fig. 2, by communications loop, between Smart battery module, realize the exchange of information.In structure shown in Fig. 3, between Smart battery module, sharing of information can be realized by system battery administrative unit BMS.Communication interface circuit can, based on existing communication means, as CAN, serial, LAN etc., not be the emphasis that the present invention pays close attention to, and no longer launches here to describe.
Communication interface circuit can pass through digital circuit (as single-chip microcomputer) and realize, based on the information obtained that communicates, communication interface circuit exports a voltage signal to the control circuit of Smart battery module inside, this voltage signal indicates the state information of other Smart battery modules collected, as cell voltage, capacity etc., compare for the signal corresponding with intelligent object self, to adjust the output of intelligent object, realize maximum using that is balanced and energy.In the specific embodiment of shown in Fig. 5, communication interface circuit is by the mode of communication, obtain the internal battery voltage information of other Smart battery modules, export the internal battery voltage mean value Vavg of all Smart battery modules in a voltage signal pilot cell group system.
The sample circuit of control circuit inside, the voltage of sampling its cells, current information (as adopted the A/D sampling etc. of single-chip microcomputer), can obtain the information such as the capacity of intelligent object therein battery.In the specific embodiment shown in Fig. 5, the average-voltage signal Vavg of the battery voltage signal of Smart battery module self with other intelligent object cell voltages obtained that communicate compares by sample circuit, according to both difference, the control circuit (controller) of Smart battery module inside produces an output voltage reference signal Vo_ref, this reference signal and DC/DC current transformer (as two-way BUCK current transformer) output voltage sampled signal Vo_FB carry out closed-loop control, produce an error signal Vea, by PWM, (namely error signal Vea and a sawtooth waveforms or triangle wave produce the pwm signal of Q1 to this error signal, Q2 control signal and Q1 complementation, Q1/Q2 control signal is by certain dead band, not shown in Figure 5), produce the control signal of DC/DC current transformer internal switch (in Fig. 4 Q1 and Q2), realize the control of DC/DC current transformer output voltage, make it the set point reaching Vo_erf, the equilibrium and the energy maximization that realize system utilize.
The sample circuit of communication interface circuit and control circuit inside not necessarily complete parttion physically, in some embodiments, can adopt a single-chip microcomputer (MCU) or digital signal processing chip (DSP) to realize.Because MCU or DSP contains communication interface, A/D and D/A etc. enrich interface, various communication mode can realize conveniently by software programming.The mode that battery information sampling (as voltage, electric current) of Smart battery module inside can be changed by A/D changes digital signal into, the information of other Smart battery modules that obtains of communicating the also direct mode with digital signal stores, can compare inner directly realization of single-chip microcomputer like this, produce the reference signal of output voltage, as exported an analog voltage signal by the D/A of single-chip microcomputer.
For Fig. 4, reduce the duty ratio of Q1, output voltage is reduced, maintain output current constant, reduce its energy that load is provided like this.When its off-capacity, the power-on time equal with other intelligent objects can be maintained.In some simple application scenarios, the terminal voltage of battery can be similar to and represent battery capacity, the controller of Smart battery module by its cells voltage compared with the mean value Vavg of other Smart battery module voltages, its difference is used for waiting and controls its output voltage, and this is be very easy to realize for DC/DC.Each Smart battery module can be maintained like this continue load supplying, modules based on oneself capacity (or voltage) equal proportion to load supplying).Schematic diagram is implemented as shown in Figure 6, Figure 7 based on voltage difference regulation output one.
In fig. 6 and 7, when the voltage (i.e. the input voltage vin of DC/DC current transformer) of Smart battery module internal cell self is less than the average voltage Vavg of Smart battery module battery pack, during threshold value (shown in Fig. 6 Vth) more than a setting of both difference Vdif (Vdif=Vavg-Vin), controller equal proportion reduces the output voltage Vo (namely exporting energy) of current transformer.In one embodiment, output voltage can be expressed as Vo=Vin* (Vin+Vth)/Vavg.In the embodiment shown in figure, controller, based on the output voltage of both poor equal proportion reduction current transformers, can be expressed as Vo=Vin* (Vin)/Vavg.Like this, if the voltage of Smart battery module self is less, its output voltage also diminishes, and it exports energy also geometric ratio reduction, extends its discharge time, realizes the maximum utilization of energy.Those skilled in the art also can have other execution mode, but generally, but when both occur difference, adjust its size exporting energy to adjust its discharge time, maintain the overall discharge time of whole batteries.
In extreme circumstances, as Smart battery module internal cell damages or cannot discharge (situation of Vin=O), internal DC/DC current transformer no longer works, the Q1 of Smart battery module inside turns off, bypass diode DF conducting (in cell damage situation), whole battery pack still can external continued power, and greatly improve the reliability of system, this point is particularly important for the battery powered vehicles.
As average voltage Vavg higher than Smart battery module battery pack of the voltage (i.e. the input voltage vin of DC/DC current transformer) of Smart battery module internal cell self, usually without the need to special processing.Can only the Q1 constant conduction of battery module inside, externally provide electric energy.
Equally, the signal obtained by communication interface circuit communication can be the internal cell capacity information of other Smart battery modules, export the internal cell capacity mean value of all Smart battery modules in a voltage signal pilot cell group system, compare with the battery capacity information of intelligent object self, control the output of Smart battery module, be similar to the above-mentioned control mode based on cell voltage.In some embodiments, the battery information (as voltage or capacity etc.) of the Smart battery module inside of control circuit sampling can compare with the maximum of the corresponding informance of other Smart battery modules in the battery pack obtained by communicating, to adjust the output voltage of self.Art technology, under the prerequisite without prejudice to essence of the present invention, can have multiple implementation.
Charged state relative discharge state is an inverse process.In the charge state, Smart battery module, under battery charging state, has possessed equalization function equally.For control of discharge output voltage, in the charge state, Smart battery module inside only needs to control its final final voltage that charges.Usually, the outside charger of batteries charging of giving has constant-current characteristics (the electric current constant current namely specified according to battery pack charges the battery).Smart battery module as shown in Figure 4, after initial charge under state, the permanent conducting of Q1, system carries out constant current charge to battery pack.The controller real-time sampling cell voltage of Smart battery module inside, when cell voltage reaches the final voltage of setting, if stop charging, due to the pressure drop of charging current on the internal resistance of cell, when electric current is 0, cell voltage can decline (battery is underfill still), and now Smart battery module needs to forward battery to constant voltage charge, needs to reduce charging current.Smart battery module internal controller, by regulating the duty ratio (namely the duty ratio of Q2) of Q1, reduces charging current, makes the terminal voltage of battery maintain set point.Like this, regardless of internal cell coupling between any Smart battery module, Smart battery module can guarantee that its internal cell can be charged to the threshold value (also just meaning maximum capacity) of setting.Charge in batteries voltage control circuit schematic diagram as shown in Figure 8.Vin_ref shown in Fig. 8 is the charging voltage under the battery full state of default.Vin_FB is Smart battery module internal battery voltage.When Vin_FB is more and more close to reference voltage Vin_ref, error signal Vea is less, causes the duty ratio of Q1 to diminish.When Smart battery module internal cell is full of, Smart battery module regulates the duty ratio minimum (to 0) of Q1, the namely full conducting of Q2, and battery stops charging, and other Smart battery modules can continue charging.
Fig. 9-13 is depicted as some conventional two-way DC/DC converter topology schematic diagrames, is equally applicable to Smart battery module of the present invention.But two-way DC/DC current transformer shown in Fig. 9-13 non exhaustive various possible two-way DC/DC current transformer, under the prerequisite not affecting invention essence, those skilled in the art can have other two-way DC/DC current transformer execution mode.
From embodiment and concrete charge and discharge process above, even if under there is any unmatched situation between battery module, system all can realize continued power and realize the charging of battery heap(ed) capacity, without the need to extra equalizing circuit etc., the structure of very big simplification system, improves system reliability.
Claims (1)
1. have a battery pack for autobalance ability, it is characterized in that, this battery pack comprises at least 2 Smart battery modules; Described Smart battery module includes: a DC/DC current transformer, control circuit, a battery cell or the battery pack be composed in series by several battery cells; The both positive and negative polarity of battery cell or battery pack is connected to DC/DC current transformer, two outputs of described DC/DC current transformer export as Smart battery module, the DC/DC current transformer of multiple described intelligent object exports and is in series, and the output after series connection is load supplying as the output of whole battery pack; After the communication interface circuit of each Smart battery module is interconnected by order wire, is also connected with system battery administrative unit and is used for realizing information exchange;
Described control circuit comprises a communication interface circuit; The communication interface circuit of each Smart battery module is interconnected by order wire, for exchanging the internal information of Smart battery module, by obtaining the information of other Smart battery modules, there is provided index signal to the control circuit of respective Smart battery module inside, and control circuit regulate Smart battery module output voltage based on this index signal;
Described index signal is the one in following signal: the average-voltage signal of all intelligent object internal cells, average cell capacity signal, maximum voltage signal or maximum battery capacity signal in battery pack;
The sample circuit of control circuit inside, the voltage of sampling its cells, current information, the index signal of the battery signal of Smart battery module self with other Smart battery modules obtained that communicate compares by sample circuit, according to both difference, the control circuit of Smart battery module inside produces an output voltage reference signal, this reference signal and DC/DC current transformer output voltage sampled signal carry out closed-loop control, produce an error signal, this error signal passes through PWM, produce the control signal of DC/DC current transformer internal switch, realize the control of DC/DC current transformer output voltage, make it the set point reaching output voltage reference signal, to adjust output energy size and the discharge time of Smart battery module, realize each Smart battery module to continue load supplying,
Described DC/DC current transformer is two-way DC/DC current transformer, is any one in following non-isolation type current transformer: two-way BUCK current transformer, two-way BOOST current transformer, two-way BUCK-BOOST current transformer, two-way BCUK current transformer, two-way SEPIC current transformer or two-way ZETA current transformer;
The output of described two-way DC/DC current transformer has an inverse parallel bypass diode, described bypass diode negative electrode is connected to described current transformer output plus terminal, described bypass diode anode is connected to described current transformer and exports negative terminal, when two-way DC/DC current transformer has output, the reverse-biased not conducting of bypass diode, only provides current path in abnormal cases.
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| US11870288B1 (en) | 2021-05-19 | 2024-01-09 | Francois Renaud-Byrne | Intelligent battery system and method of operation |
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| CN103269157A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-08-28 | 燕山大学 | Bi-directional dual-input SEPIC direct-current converter and power distribution method thereof |
| CN103455079A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2013-12-18 | 昆山奥德鲁自动化技术有限公司 | Digital voltage-sharing method of voltage sources |
| CN103607117B (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2016-08-24 | 无锡中感微电子股份有限公司 | DC-to-dc converter |
| CN103855766A (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2014-06-11 | 江苏博强新能源科技有限公司 | Charging and discharging protecting structure of battery management system |
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