CN106356927B - A kind of lithium battery group SOC balance system and method - Google Patents
A kind of lithium battery group SOC balance system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106356927B CN106356927B CN201610831002.4A CN201610831002A CN106356927B CN 106356927 B CN106356927 B CN 106356927B CN 201610831002 A CN201610831002 A CN 201610831002A CN 106356927 B CN106356927 B CN 106356927B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of lithium battery group equilibrium system and methods.The equalization problem of lithium battery group is divided into interior balanced and two levels of Homogeneity between groups of group by the present invention, and lithium battery is divided into several groups, in parallel with bi-directional DC-DC converter respectively, and output end is serially connected output end and load parallel connection as DC bus and electricity generation system.Battery is connected by two-way switch in every group, while by-pass switch in parallel is, it can be achieved that battery dynamic access.According to each group be averaged SOC distribution each group output voltage realize Homogeneity between groups.Equilibrium in each group can be realized by controlling its dynamic access according to single battery SOC in organizing.Equilibrium is carried out to lithium battery group SOC based on the present invention, without additional equalizing circuit, transfer of the energy between battery is avoided, realizes the equilibrium of lithium battery group automatically in charge and discharge process, balancing speed and equalization efficiency are greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to battery energy storage technical fields, in particular to a kind of lithium battery group SOC (State Of
Charge) balanced system and method.
Technical background
In view of the unsustainable property of fossil energy and the lasting increase of environmental pressure, the mankind need it is a kind of cleaning, can hold
Continuous alternative energy source, in this context, wind energy, nuclear energy, solar energy obtain extensive concern.In practical applications, clean energy resource
The energy of generation generally requires energy storage device and is stored to meet various application scenarios.Lithium battery is as a kind of energy density
High, light-weight, service life is relatively long and self-discharge rate is low, memory-less effect, the adaptable energy storage device of high/low temperature, tool
There are good development prospect and researching value, is widely applied in some mobile devices such as electric car.
Single lithium battery voltage is generally between 3-4V, and to meet more loading demands, need to generally connect several monomers
Battery is used at lithium battery group.Due to the limitation of manufacturing process and use process, often exist not between concatenated single battery
Consistency (is in particular in that capacity and internal resistance are inconsistent), so as to cause monomer discharge current multiplying power each in battery pack use process
And temperature is inconsistent, aggravates SOC (State Of Charge) between monomer in reverse as positive feedback and internal resistance is inconsistent.This
Species diversity can make individual monomers battery because overcharging or over-discharge due to damages, and influence the overall performance and service life of battery pack, seriously
When even can set off an explosion.Therefore, the equalizing structure for proposing that one kind is efficient, quick, high-precision, robustness are good and easily realizing is needed
And algorithm makes series-connected cell group SOC reach unanimity, to greatly prolong the service life of lithium battery group and improve its performance.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology and technical need, the present invention provide a kind of lithium battery group SOC balance system and
The equalization problem of lithium battery group is divided into balanced and two levels of Homogeneity between groups in group, including is according to SOC average between group by method
It is to realize according to control single battery dynamic access that the output voltage distribution of foundation, which realizes Homogeneity between groups and organizes interior single battery SOC,
Balanced equalization methods in group.Equilibrium is carried out to lithium battery group SOC based on the present invention, without additional equalizing circuit, is avoided
The equilibrium of lithium battery group, balancing speed and balanced effect are realized in transfer of the energy between battery pack automatically in charge and discharge process
Rate is greatly improved.
In order to realize the technology of the present invention purpose, the present invention provides following technical solutions：
A kind of lithium battery group SOC balance system, including N group lithium battery, N number of bi-directional DC-DC converter and one sampling and
Controller；Every group of lithium battery and a bi-directional DC-DC converter parallel connection, it is female as direct current after the series connection of DC-DC converter output end
The output end and load of line and electricity generation system are in parallel by DC-DC output end；The connection of the control terminal of sampling and controller is two-way
The voltage and current output of the input terminal connection bi-directional DC-DC converter of the input terminal of DC-DC converter, sampling and controller
End；Every group of lithium battery pack single battery of block containing M, neighboring unit cell are isolated by a disconnecting switch, every section monomer electricity
Pond parallel connection by-pass switch, this by-pass switch and corresponding disconnecting switch composition switch pair, the control signal of two switches negate mutually, can
The access of dynamic implement battery and disconnection.
A kind of lithium battery group SOC balance method based on the lithium battery group SOC balance system, this method include：
SOC balance rate-determining steps between group：The output electric current I and output voltage V for acquiring every group of lithium battery calculate each lithium electricity
The average SOC of pond group, distribute on this basis each lithium battery group DC-DC module in parallel output voltage, to adjust stream
Electric current through each DC-DC input terminal makes the single battery SOC between each lithium battery group reach unanimity；
SOC balance rate-determining steps in group：If lithium battery group is averaged, SOC is outside predetermined threshold range, according to SOC balance in organizing
The on-off of control switch pair is passed in principle to control the charging and discharging state of each single battery, makes the single battery SOC in the group
It reaches unanimity, SOC balance principle is in described group：The SOC of each single battery in lithium battery group is calculated, wherein the list of SOC high
Body battery turn-on time is long, and SOC low single battery turn-on time is short, is calculated using predictive control algorithm in next discharge cycle
In each battery discharge capacity optimal value make each single battery SOC dispersion degree after a discharge cycle minimum, to distribute
The time of each single battery access in group, and guarantee that the battery number accessed in the same time cannot be less than lower limit value.
Further, battery dynamic access will lead to the jump of lithium battery group output voltage in organizing, and be based on this, present invention setting
Lithium battery group monomer access number in any time each lithium battery group is definite value, to the access timing of each single battery in organizing
It is arranged by the method for sequence to guarantee that any time access lithium battery group single battery number is definite value.
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, mainly have below
Technological merit：
1. the present invention is based on the thought of power energy allocation, with SOC be according to dynamically distribute in charge and discharge process each group battery and
The charge and discharge degree of battery, avoids the transfer of energy, effectively reduces loss equalizing, and balancing speed is also mentioned in group
It is high.
2. simultaneously, the equalization problem of lithium battery group is divided into group between balanced and group using the thought of grouping and layering
Weigh two levels, the advantages of simplifying system structure, combine two methods, reduces control difficulty.
3. the two-way switch conducting resistance that the present invention uses is lower, conduction loss and system heat generation can be effectively reduced, improve
System whole efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is lithium battery group SOC balance system structure diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is lithium battery monomer dynamic access effect diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is lithium battery dynamic access timing aligning method schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is lithium battery group equalizing structure circuit topology figure of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
Not constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
Fig. 1 show lithium battery group SOC balance system structure diagram of the present invention.Lithium battery, which has altogether, is divided into N group, and every group
Comprising M block single battery, the total single battery number of lithium battery group is N*M, and every group of battery is a module, each module and one
Bi-directional DC-DC converter is in parallel, and DC-DC converter output end is serially connected as DC bus and electricity generation system (for example solid
Oxide fuel cell SOFC) output end and load it is in parallel by DC-DC output end.The control terminal of sampling and controller connects
Connect the input terminal of bi-directional DC-DC converter, the voltage and current of the input terminal connection bi-directional DC-DC converter of sampling and controller
Output end.
Each lithium battery group is connected indirect series connection by DC-DC output end, flows through the electric current of each DC-DC output end
Imodule is equal, therefore can be by controlling DC-DC output end voltage V1、V2……VNTo control the charging and discharging currents of each battery pack
The size of Iunit#1, Iunit#2 ... Iunit#N can facilitate output DC-DC converter according to the average SOC value of each battery pack
Duty ratio distribute each group output voltage, thus in battery charge and discharge process automatically adjust each group SOC, realize lithium battery group between
SOC balance.
Fig. 2 is lithium battery dynamic access effect diagram of the present invention.In each lithium battery group, every section single battery is simultaneously indirect
Series connection, but be isolated respectively by disconnecting switch, while by-pass switch in parallel, this by-pass switch and corresponding disconnecting switch group
At switch pair, control signal is negated mutually, can the access of dynamic implement battery.For example, when control signal g1=1,When,
Electric current is without flow through single battery 1, and charging and discharging currents are 0 to single battery 1 in the process, when control signal g1=0,When
Electric current flows through single battery 1, and charging and discharging currents are equal to Iunit to single battery 1 in the process.Monomer electricity in each battery module
The quantity in pond is equal to the logarithm of disconnecting switch.It can determine whether single battery accesses by controlling the on-off of disconnecting switch in this way
Battery module dynamically makes single battery SOC tend to one to control the charging and discharging state of every batteries in charge and discharge process
It causes, realizes SOC balance in lithium battery group.One embodiment according to the invention, using the channel CSD17559Q5N MOSFET and
SM74611 intelligence bypass diode inverse parallel replaces its included body diode to form low pressure drop single-way switch, two single-way switch
Differential concatenation constitutes two-way switch.The ratio control of voltage is formed by distribution each group output voltage and dynamic access single battery
Battery pack current processed, battery power discharge electric current can be reduced by increasing battery number in every group, to reduce loss.
Controller samples to obtain every group of battery current Iunit, end voltage Vunit and Temperature Distribution Tunit by AD, leads to
Certain SOC algorithm for estimating (for example open circuit voltage method and current integration method) is crossed it is estimated that each single battery SOC, and as
According to output switching signal, the on-off of disconnecting switch as shown in Figure 4 and by-pass switch is controlled.
The present invention is based on the thought being grouped to serial lithium battery group, by the equalization problem of lithium battery group be divided into it is balanced in group and
Whether two levels of Homogeneity between groups will cause when in charge and discharge process dynamically controlling single battery and accessing in battery module
The variation of battery module end voltage adjusts output end with can be convenient by each module bi-directional DC-DC converter in parallel
Voltage, thus available power.
Before the application present invention carries out SOC balance, lithium battery module is determined according to external power supply and loading demand first
Output power, predominantly output electric current.Under charge mode, lithium battery module output electric current is negative, and external power supply is to lithium battery mould
Block charging；Under discharge mode, lithium battery module output electric current is positive, and lithium battery module is to load discharge.
Fig. 4 is lithium battery group equalizing structure circuit topology figure of the present invention.The specific steps of SOC balance are carried out using the present invention
It is as follows：
Step 1. lithium battery is divided into altogether N group, and every group includes M block single battery, the total single battery number of lithium battery group
For N*M.After determining lithium battery module output electric current I and output voltage V, it is average to calculate each lithium battery group in lithium battery module
SOC distributes each lithium battery group institute DC-DC module output voltage in parallel on this basis.
Step 2. when certain lithium battery group be averaged SOC be in predetermined threshold range (for example 30%-70%) level when, without
Group in it is battery balanced, except this range, carry out group in it is battery balanced, process is as follows：Calculate each lithium in each lithium battery group
Battery SOC, and each battery cell accesses the time of battery pack, the higher battery access of SOC in dynamic control group of taking this as a foundation
Time is long, and SOC lower battery turn-on time is shorter, and specific method is：It is calculated using predictive control algorithm in next electric discharge week
Interim each battery discharge capacity optimal value makes each single battery SOC dispersion degree after a discharge cycle minimum, thus point
The time of each single battery access in combo, and guarantee that limitation (is for example led in the case where the same time accesses battery number to cannot be less than certain
Cross the minimum battery number of every group of access that battery maximum charging and discharging currents are calculated), prevent damage battery performance from even resulting in peace
Full accident.
In the case that organize in single battery dynamic access battery pack, such as it is without restriction, then this group of battery terminal voltage with
The variation of access battery number will appear jump.As optimization, the present invention further provides batteries in organizing to access sequential control method,
Specially：It is definite value that any time access lithium battery group single battery number, which is arranged, to the access timing of each single battery in organizing
It is arranged by the method for sequence to guarantee that any time access lithium battery group single battery number is definite value.Fig. 3 is M=3,
Discharge cycle be Tref in the case of lithium battery dynamic access timing aligning method schematic diagram, Tcell1, Tcell2 ... Tcell5
Each single battery turn-on time within the period is calculated by step 2 for each single battery, λ=3 are any time access
Lithium battery group single battery number.And it controls its DC-DC module duty ratio in parallel and keeps DC-DC module output voltage stabilization and symbol
Close step 2 calculated result.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of lithium battery group SOC balance system, which is characterized in that including N group lithium battery, N number of bi-directional DC-DC converter and one
A sampling and controller；Every group of lithium battery and a bi-directional DC-DC converter parallel connection are made after the series connection of DC-DC converter output end
It is in parallel by DC-DC output end for the output end and load of DC bus and electricity generation system；The control terminal of sampling and controller
The voltage and electricity of the input terminal connection bi-directional DC-DC converter of the input terminal of connection bi-directional DC-DC converter, sampling and controller
Flow output end；Every group of lithium battery pack single battery of block containing M, neighboring unit cell are isolated by a disconnecting switch, every section
Single battery parallel connection by-pass switch, this by-pass switch and corresponding disconnecting switch composition switch pair, the control signal of two switches are mutual
It negates, it can the access of dynamic implement battery and disconnection；
Sampling and controller are used for：
SOC balance controls between group：The output electric current I and output voltage V for acquiring every group of lithium battery calculate the flat of each lithium battery group
Equal SOC, distribute on this basis each lithium battery group DC-DC module in parallel output voltage, flow through each DC-DC to adjust
The electric current of input terminal makes the single battery SOC between each lithium battery group reach unanimity；
SOC balance control in group：If lithium battery group is averaged, SOC is passed in principle outside predetermined threshold range according to SOC balance in organizing
The on-off of control switch pair makes the single battery SOC in the group reach unanimity to control the charging and discharging state of each single battery,
SOC balance principle is in described group：The SOC of each single battery in lithium battery group is calculated, wherein the single battery access of SOC high
Time is long, and SOC low single battery turn-on time is short, calculates each battery in next discharge cycle using predictive control algorithm and puts
Electricity optimal value makes each single battery SOC dispersion degree after a discharge cycle minimum, thus each monomer in distribution group
The time of battery access, and guarantee that the battery number accessed in the same time cannot be less than lower limit value.
2. a kind of lithium battery group SOC balance method based on lithium battery group SOC balance system described in claim 1, feature exist
In this method includes：
SOC balance rate-determining steps between group：The output electric current I and output voltage V for acquiring every group of lithium battery, calculate each lithium battery group
Average SOC, distribute on this basis each lithium battery group DC-DC module in parallel output voltage, thus adjust flow through it is each
The electric current of DC-DC input terminal makes the single battery SOC between each lithium battery group reach unanimity；
SOC balance rate-determining steps in group：If lithium battery group is averaged, SOC is outside predetermined threshold range, according to SOC balance principle in organizing
The charging and discharging state that each single battery is controlled by the on-off of control switch pair, tends to the single battery SOC in the group
Unanimously, SOC balance principle is in described group：The SOC of each single battery in lithium battery group is calculated, wherein the monomer electricity of SOC high
Pond turn-on time is long, and SOC low single battery turn-on time is short, is calculated using predictive control algorithm each in next discharge cycle
Battery discharge capacity optimal value makes each single battery SOC dispersion degree after a discharge cycle minimum, thus in distribution group
The time of each single battery access, and guarantee that the battery number accessed in the same time cannot be less than lower limit value.
3. a kind of lithium battery group SOC balance method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that any time each lithium electricity
Lithium battery group monomer access number in the group of pond is definite value.
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